DOCSLIB.ORG

Pdf/47/12/943/1655814/0362-028X-47 12 943.Pdf by Guest on 25 September 2021 Washington, D.C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pdf/47/12/943/1655814/0362-028X-47 12 943.Pdf by Guest on 25 September 2021 Washington, D.C 943 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 47, No. 12, Pages 943-949 (December 1984) Copyright®, International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Production of a Cytotonic Toxin Immunologically Similar to Cholera Toxin BARBARA A. McCARDELL1*, JOSEPH M. MADDEN1 and EILEEN C. LEE2'3 Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, and Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America,Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/47/12/943/1655814/0362-028x-47_12_943.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Washington, D.C. 20064 (Received for publication September 6, 1983) ABSTRACT monella typhimurium is related to CT (31), although its role in pathogenesis has not been determined. Production An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on by some strains of Aeromonas species of a toxin which binding to cholera toxin (CT) antibody was used to screen cell- free supernatant fluids from 11 strains of Campylobacter jejuni can be partially neutralized by CT antiserum in rat loops and one strain of Campylobacter coli. Positive results for seven suggests some relationship to CT (21). of the eight clinical isolates as well as for one animal and one Although Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter food isolate suggested that these strains produced an extracellu­ coli have long been known as animal pathogens, only in lar factor immunologically similar to CT. An affinity column recent years have their importance and prevalence in (packed with Sepharose 4B conjugated to purified anti-CT IgG human disease been recognized (13,22). With the advent via cyanogen bromide) was used to separate the extracellular of improved methods (77), C. jejuni is now isolated from factor from cell-free supernatant fluids. Both unconcentrated human diarrheal stools more frequently in the United supernatant fluids and affinity-purified material caused rounding States than are Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. (2,3). in a Y-l mouse adrenal cell assay, suggesting that the factor However, little is known about possible toxins or other was a cytotonic toxin. Rounding of Y-l cells caused by cell- free supernatant fluids, affinity-purified toxin or CT was neut­ factors responsible for the pathophysiology of Cam­ ralized by preincubation with CT or Campylobacter cytotonic pylobacter infections. This report describes the isolation toxin (CCT) antiserum. CCT and CT showed a reaction of par­ and partial characterization of a Campylobacter cytotonic tial identity by gel immunodiffusion, using IgG from CT anti­ toxin (CCT) produced by C. jejuni and C. coli, which serum. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel elec­ may be an enterotoxin. trophoresis (SDS PAGE) of purified CCT produced one band at 70,000 daltons. Cell-free concentrates were positive in the MATERIALS AND METHODS rabbit skin permeability test and caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops. However, cell-free supernatant fluids and Bacterial strains concentrates heated at 90°C for 15 min and tested by the suckl­ Table 1 lists the bacterial strains used in this study. All strains were ing mouse assay produced no fluid accumulation in the intes­ biotyped by the method of Hebert et al. (79). tines of mice. Culture conditions All C. jejuni and C. coli strains were stored at -80°C in casamino acid yeast extract (CYE) broth (23) containing 5 to 10% dimethylsul- Certain enteric bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae and foxide. Thawed cultures were used to inoculate brucella broth (BB; a number of Escherichia coli strains, produce enteroto- Difco). Overnight BB cultures were used to inoculate BB, CYE broth, or CYE broth containing 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 50 u,g lincomycin (LN)/ xins that stimulate secretion of fluid into the intestine and ml (1 ml BB culture per 100 ml CYE in a 500-ml flask). Final cell cause a watery diarrhea (9,15). These toxins, e.g., chol­ concentrations (in the absence of antibiotics) were between 5x 108 and era toxin (CT) and heat-labile E. coli toxin (LT), are im­ 8xl09 CFU/ml. Polymyxin (PO), at a concentration of 100 or 2,000 munologically related (5,20). Immunological cross-reac­ IU/ml, was added to some of the lincomycin-treated cultures for the tivity with CT has also been shown with toxins produced last 30 min of incubation. All Campylobacter spp. cultures were incu­ bated for 18 to 24 h with shaking (100 rpm) at 37°C in an atmosphere by other microorganisms. A toxin produced by Sal- of 85% nitrogen, 10% carbon dioxide and 5% oxygen. V. cholerae 569B was incubated under the same conditions, except that no special atmosphere was provided. 'Food and Drug Administration. Preparation of cell-free supernatant fluids and concentrates 2The Catholic University of America. Cell-free supernatant fluids were prepared by centrifugation at 10,000 ^Present address: Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD x g for 30 min. An Amicon ultrafilter (Amicon Corp., Lexington, 20814. MA) with an XM50 membrane, which concentrates molecules larger JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION, VOL. 47, DECEMBER 1984 944 McCARDELL, MADDEN AND LEE TABLE 1. Results of in vitro assays for the production of toxin by 12 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of Vibrio cholerae. Strain Source Donor Biotype ELISA" Y-lb CHOb C. jejuni CHI Clinical J. M. Lovett, 4 + 1:2 1:2 FDA, Cincinnati, OH CH2 Clinical Lovett, FDA, Cincinnati, OH 3 + 1:2 1:2 CH4 Clinical Lovett, FDA, Cincinnati, OH 3 + 1:16 1:8 CH5 Clinical Lovett, FDA, Cincinnati, OH 1 + 1:16 1:8 83 Food (raw milk) Lovett, FDA, Cincinnati, OH 3 - - - 88 Food (chicken) Lovett, FDA, Cincinnati, OH 1 + 1:2 1:2 55 Clinical G. Controni, 8 + 1:4 1:4 Children's Hospital Center, Washington, DC Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/47/12/943/1655814/0362-028x-47_12_943.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 82 Clinical B. Caldwell, 1 + 1:2 1:2 Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD E3075 Clinical K. Wachsmuth, 4 Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 40(ATCC Clinical American Type Culture 1 + 1:4 1:2 29428) Collection, Rockville, MD 41 Animal (calf) N. J. Stern, USDA, 2 + 1:8 1:4 Beltsville, MD 65 Animal (calf) This study 3 - - - V. cholerae 569B Clinical W. Spira, Johns Hopkins 1:2048 1024 University, Baltimore, MD a+, positive; average O.D. 5=0.1 in four experiments; -, negative, average O.D. <0.1 in four experiments; ±, average O.D. 3=0.1, but negative (<0.1) in two experiments. Cell-free supernatant fluids of overnight cultures grown in CYE broth were tested by the ELISA method. bCell-free supernatant fluids were screened in the Y-l and CHO cell assays. than 50,000 daltons. was used to concentrate cell-free supernatant was added to each well of a microtiter plate (Immunolon II, round bot­ fluids. Ammonium sulfate precipitates were prepared by the addition tom; Dynatech Labs, Inc., Alexandria, VA). After overnight incubation of 7 g ammonium sulfate/10 ml of concentrate (16). After overnight at 4°C, the plates were washed three times with 0.1 M phosphate-buf­ incubation at 4°C, the precipitates were centrifuged, resuspended in dis­ fered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin tilled water and dialyzcd against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH (Fraction V, Sigma) and 0.05% Tween 20 (PBS-Tween). The plates 7.4. were washed once with distilled water and stored at 4°C in a sealed plastic bag with dry silica gel until needed. Preparation of antisera Test solutions containing either CT (Sigma; 0.5 to 500 ng CT/ml), Antisera were obtained by subcutaneous injection of increasing doses uninoculated growth medium or cell-free supernatant fluids were added (4 to 50 jig) of affinity-purified CCT or purchased CT (Sigma Chemical in 50-ji.l amounts to precoated 96-well microtiter plates and incubated Co., St. Louis, MO) with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (Sigma) into at 35°C for 1 h. All solutions were tested in duplicate. After three New Zealand white rabbits over a period of several weeks. Burro anti- washes with PBS-Tween, 50 jil of whole burro anti-CT serum diluted CT (supplied by Dr. William Habig, FDA, Rockville, MD) contained to 1:2560 was added to each well. 6,950 antitoxin units/ml as determined by the rabbit incutaneous assay After incubation for 1 h at 35°C, the plate was again washed three method (7). times with PBS-Tween, and 50 jil of Protein A peroxidase conjugate (Zymed Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) was added to each well. After Preparation of anti-CT antigen-binding fragment (F(ab)2) another 1-h incubation period at 35°C and three washes with PBS- The IgG fraction was removed from whole high-titered burro anti­ Tween, 100 jil of 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) serum to CT (7) on an affinity column packed with Protein A-Sepharose (ABTS) solution (Zymed) was added to each well. The piate containing CL-4B (Pharmacia, Inc., Uppsala, Sweden), The fragment crystallizable ABTS solution was incubated at 35°C until an optical density of 0.1 portion of the purified IgG was removed by treatment with 2 x recrys- at 410 nm was obtained (usually within 30 min) on a Dynatech Instru­ tallized pepsin (25) (Sigma; 3 mg pepsin per 100 mg IgG), followed ment Micro ELISA Minireadcr for wells containing 0.5 ng CT/ml. Test by double passage through an affinity column containing Protein A- solutions were considered positive if a reading of s=0.1 was obtained Sepharose CL-4B. The pepsin and the F(ab)2 fragments, which did not at 410 nm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Analysis of Four Campylobacterales
    REVIEWS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOUR CAMPYLOBACTERALES Mark Eppinger*§,Claudia Baar*§,Guenter Raddatz*, Daniel H. Huson‡ and Stephan C. Schuster* Abstract | Comparative genome analysis can be used to identify species-specific genes and gene clusters, and analysis of these genes can give an insight into the mechanisms involved in a specific bacteria–host interaction. Comparative analysis can also provide important information on the genome dynamics and degree of recombination in a particular species. This article describes the comparative genomic analysis of representatives of four different Campylobacterales species — two pathogens of humans, Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, as well as Helicobacter hepaticus, which is associated with liver cancer in rodents and the non-pathogenic commensal species, Wolinella succinogenes. ε CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC The -subdivision of the Proteobacteria is a large group infection can lead to gastric cancer in humans 9–11 An organism that is capable of of CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC and CHEMOORGANOTROPHIC microor- and liver cancer in rodents, respectively .The using CO, CO2 or carbonates as ganisms with diverse metabolic capabilities that colo- Campylobacter representative C. jejuni is one of the the sole source of carbon for cell nize a broad spectrum of ecological habitats. main causes of bacterial food-borne illness world- biosynthesis, and that derives Representatives of the ε-subgroup can be found in wide, causing acute gastroenteritis, and is also energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic or organic extreme marine and terrestrial environments ranging the most common microbial antecedent of compounds. from oceanic hydrothermal vents to sulphidic cave Guillain–Barré syndrome12–15.Besides their patho- springs. Although some members are free-living, others genic potential in humans, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Survival of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter Jejuni in Bottled Purified Drinking Water Under Different Storage Conditions
    0 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 000, No. 000, 0000, Pages 000–000 doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-368 Copyright G, International Association for Food Protection Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni in Bottled Purified Drinking Water under Different Storage Conditions HAMZAH M. AL-QADIRI,1* XIAONAN LU,2 NIVIN I. AL-ALAMI,3 AND BARBARA A. RASCO2 1Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; 2School of Food Science, Box 646376, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6376, USA; and 3Water and Environment Research and Study Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan MS 10-368: Received 1 September 2010/Accepted 15 October 2010 ABSTRACT ;< Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni that were separately inoculated into bottled purified drinking water was investigated during storage at 22, 4, and 218uC for 5, 7, and 2 days, respectively. Two inoculation levels were used, 1 and 10 CFU/ml (102 and 103 CFU/100 ml). In samples inoculated with 102 CFU/100 ml, C. jejuni was not detectable (.2-log reduction) after storage under the conditions specified above. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on nonselective and selective media at log reductions of 1.08 to 1.25 after storage at 22uC, 1.19 to 1.56 after storage at 4uC, and 1.54 to 1.98 after storage at 218uC. When the higher inoculation level of 103 CFU/100 ml was used, C. jejuni was able to survive at 22 and 4uC, with 2.25- and 2.17-log reductions observed on nonselective media, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global View of Campylobacteriosis
    FOOD SAFETY THE GLOBAL VIEW OF CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS REPORT OF AN EXPERT CONSULTATION UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 9-11 JULY 2012 THE GLOBAL VIEW OF CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IN COLLABORATION WITH Food and Agriculture of the United Nations THE GLOBAL VIEW OF CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS REPORT OF EXPERT CONSULTATION UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 9-11 JULY 2012 IN COLLABORATION WITH Food and Agriculture of the United Nations The global view of campylobacteriosis: report of an expert consultation, Utrecht, Netherlands, 9-11 July 2012. 1. Campylobacter. 2. Campylobacter infections – epidemiology. 3. Campylobacter infections – prevention and control. 4. Cost of illness I.World Health Organization. II.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. III.World Organisation for Animal Health. ISBN 978 92 4 156460 1 _____________________________________________________ (NLM classification: WF 220) © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index. html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Campylobacter Jejuni
    Microbiology • 200 known diseases transmitted through food • 2007; 6 to 81 million food born illnesses • Over 9,000 deaths • Food Safety has been identified as a major concern of consumers FoodNet • FoodNet Surveillance System (FDA, CDC, and the USDA) 1996 • Track pathogens; Campylopbacter, E- coli 0157:H7, Lysteria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersina entercolitica, and Vibrio • 1997 added Cyclospora, and Cryptospoidium; parasitic protozoa States: MN, OR, CA, CT, GA, TN, NY, MD, CO, NM 44.1 million people; 15.3% of the population 2004 tracks worldwide incidence of NV-CJD Listeria 2007 Statistics E-coli 0157:H7 Shigella 7000 6000 Campylobacter 5000 4000 3000 Salmonella 2000 1000 0 17,883 Total Cases Statistics • Camplylobacter and Salmonella – Majority of cases in people under 9 – Vast majority less than 1 year of age • More males than females • Spike of food born illness in the summer months Campylobacter jejuni • 2nd most common cause of sickness • Raw chicken, meats, sushi, etc • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and bloody diarrhea (sometimes) • Children under 5; problem in day cares • Onset 2-5d lasts a week Salmonella ssp • Many types • S. typhi = Typhoid Fever • Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever, headache • 12-72 h onset • Few as 100 cells; lasting 1- 2 d • Poultry, raw meats Javiana Heideberg Newport Entertidis Top Salmonella Ssp; per 100,000 cases 16 14 12 Typhimurium 10 8 6 4 2 0 Escherichia-coli O157-H7 • Most E-coli are harmless • O157-H7 most harmful – Enterohemorrhagic • Severe abdominal cramping, watery diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea, some vomiting • Occasional Kidney Failure • As few as 10 cells, lasts up to 8 days E-coli 0157:H7 • 2 – 8 days after exposure E-coli 0157:H7 and Ground Beef • Jack-in-the-Box made E-coli a household name • An adulterant if one cell is found in ground beef • E-coli ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing Campylobacter Jejuni, Enterobacteriaceae and Total
    Food Control 119 (2021) 107424 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodcont Reducing Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic bacteria T on transport crates for chickens by irradiation with 265-nm ultraviolet light (UV–C LED) ∗ Madeleine Moazzami , Lise-Lotte Fernström, Ingrid Hansson Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Division of Food Safety, Campus Ultuna, Ulls Väg 26, Box 7036, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: It is critical to maintain low levels of microbes in the whole food production chain. Due to high speed of Ultraviolet light slaughter, lack of time, and structural characteristics of crates, sufficient cleaning and disinfection of crates used Campylobacter for transporting chickens to abattoirs is a challenge. Inadequately cleaned transport crates for broiler chickens Enterobacteriaceae caused a major outbreak of campylobacteriosis in Sweden in 2016–2017, when the contaminated crates in- Total aerobic bacteria troduced Campylobacter to the chickens during thinning. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of 265- Transport crate nm ultraviolet (UV–C) LED light on artificially contaminated chicken transport crates. In a laboratory study,a transport crate artificially contaminated with Campylobacter and cecum contents was irradiated with 265-nm UV-C light by a continuous LED array in a treatment cabinet. The transport crate was sampled 52 times by cotton swabs before and after UV-C treatment for 1 min (20.4 mJ/cm2) and 3 min (61.2 mJ/cm2). The swab samples were analysed for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and total aerobic bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Campylobacter Jejuni
    P.O. Box 131375, Bryanston, 2074 Ground Floor, Block 5 Bryanston Gate, 170 Curzon Road Bryanston, Johannesburg, South Africa 804 Flatrock, Buiten Street, Cape Town, 8001 www.thistle.co.za Tel: +27 (011) 463 3260 Fax: +27 (011) 463 3036 Fax to Email: + 27 (0) 86-557-2232 e‐mail : [email protected] Please read this section first The HPCSA and the Med Tech Society have confirmed that this clinical case study, plus your routine review of your EQA reports from Thistle QA, should be documented as a “Journal Club” activity. This means that you must record those attending for CEU purposes. Thistle will not issue a certificate to cover these activities, nor send out “correct” answers to the CEU questions at the end of this case study. The Thistle QA CEU No is: MT-11/00142. Each attendee should claim THREE CEU points for completing this Quality Control Journal Club exercise, and retain a copy of the relevant Thistle QA Participation Certificate as proof of registration on a Thistle QA EQA. MICROBIOLOGY LEGEND CYCLE 31 ORGANISM 5 Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved, helical-shaped, non-spore forming, Gram-negative, micro-aerophilic bacteria commonly found in animal faeces. It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely debilitating, but is rarely life-threatening. It has been linked with subsequent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which usually develops two to three weeks after the initial illness. C. jejuni is commonly associated with poultry, and it naturally colonizes the digestive tract of many bird species.
    [Show full text]
  • Campylobacter Jejuni Survival Strategies
    Campylobacter jejuni Survival Strategies and Counter-Attack: An investigation of Campylobacter phosphate mediated biofilms and the design of a high-throughput small- molecule screen for TAT inhibition DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mary R Drozd Graduate Program in Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Gireesh Rajashekara, Advisor, Dr. Mo Saif, Dr. Armando Hoet, and Dr. Daral Jackwood Copyrighted by Mary Rachel Drozd 2012 Abstract In these investigations we studied 1) the ability of Campylobacter to modulate its behavior in response to phosphate actuated signals, 2) the modulation of biofilm in response to phosphate related stressors, and 3) we designed and carried out a high- throughput small-molecule screen that targets protein transport via the Twin Arginine Translocation (TAT) system. We identified that the phoX , ppk1 and ppk2 genes were key components of the phosphate response that manifested increased biofilm phenotypes, and were modulated in the presence of inorganic phosphate. We used several molecular and microbiological techniques to investigate the effect of polyP, phosphate uptake inactivation, and inorganic phosphate availability on Campylobacter’s response to phosphate stress. Additionally, we counted and measured attached biofilms, as well as measured pellicle size, biofilm shedding over the course of three days, and changes in the expression of genes known to be involved in biofilm formation phenotypes. By resolving biofilm components such as pellicles, attached cells, and shed cells we found that not only did ppk1, phoX, and ppk2 deletion affect the ability of Campylobacter to form biofilms, but biofilm components were not congruently and equally affected in each mutant.
    [Show full text]
  • CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI FOODBORNE GASTROENTERITIS by ! ! James I
    California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology ! Distance Learning Program ! ! ! ! ! CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI FOODBORNE GASTROENTERITIS by ! ! James I. Mangels, MA, CLS, MT (ASCP), F(AAM) Microbiology Consulting Services Santa Rosa, CA ! Course Number: DL-994 3.0 CE (CA Accreditation) Level of Difficulty: Intermediate ! © California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology. Permission to reprint any part of these materials, other than for credit from CAMLT, must be obtained in writing from the CAMLT Executive Office. ! CAMLT is approved by the California Department of Public Health as a CA CLS Accrediting Agency (#0021) and this course is is approved by ASCLS for the P.A.C.E. ® Program (#519) ! 1895 Mowry Ave, Suite 112 Fremont, CA 94538-1766 Phone: 510-792-4441 FAX: 510-792-3045 ! Notification of Distance Learning Deadline All continuing education units required to renew your license must be earned no later than the expiration date printed on your license. If some of your units are made up of Distance Learning courses, please allow yourself enough time to retake the test in the event you do not pass on the first attempt. CAMLT urges you to earn your CE units early!.!! ! 1! CAMLT Distance Learning Course DL-994 © California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology ! ! CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI - FOODBORNE GASTROENTERITIS ! OUTLINE A. Introduction B. History of Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis C. Transmission of Campylobacter jejuni D. Illness/Symptoms E. Complications of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis F. Microbiology of Campylobacter jejuni G. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni H. Diagnosis and Identification of Campylobacter Infection I. Treatment J. Prevention of Campylobacter Infection K. Conclusion ! COURSE OBJECTIVES After completing this course the participant will be able to: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Contamination with Campylobacter Jejuni and Salmonella Spp. from Raw Chicken Products During Food Preparation
    1067 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 53, No. 12, Pages 1067-1068 (December 1990) Copyright© International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians /4 1£e&e*nc& 1fote Cross-contamination with Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. from Raw Chicken Products During Food Preparation ENNE DE BOER* and MARCEL HAHNE Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/53/12/1067/1659752/0362-028x-53_12_1067.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 Inspectorate for Health Protection, P.O. Box 9012, 7200 GN Zutphen, The Netherlands (Received for publication April 11, 1990) ABSTRACT was prepared using a Stomacher. For the Campylobacter isola­ tion, 1 ml of this suspension was added to 10 ml of CCDB Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 170 (61%) of 279 enrichment medium (1). After microaerobic incubation during samples of chicken products and Salmonella from 44 (54%) of 24 h at 42°C, a loopful of enrichment broth was streaked on 81 samples. Cross-contamination experiments showed that C. Skirrow's medium or CCDA medium (1). The isolation media jejuni and to a lesser extent Salmonella were easily transferred were incubated microaerobically for 48 h at 42°C. Suspected from raw chicken products to cutting-boards, plates, and hands. colonies were identified by a positive oxidase test and typical These organisms were also isolated from raw vegetables and morphology and motility on microscopy. For the Salmonella cooked chicken products, which were in contact with plates on isolation, the remaining suspension was incubated for 16-20 h at which raw chicken products had been placed. Measures for the 37°C.
    [Show full text]
  • Campylobacter Jejuni from Canine and Bovine Cases of Campylobacteriosis Express High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates Against (Fluoro)Quinolones and Tetracyclines
    pathogens Communication Campylobacter jejuni from Canine and Bovine Cases of Campylobacteriosis Express High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates against (Fluoro)quinolones and Tetracyclines Sarah Moser 1, Helena Seth-Smith 2,3, Adrian Egli 2,3, Sonja Kittl 1 and Gudrun Overesch 1,* 1 Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (S.K.) 2 Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; [email protected] (H.S.-S.); [email protected] (A.E.) 3 Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-(0)31-631-2438 Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020; Published: 23 August 2020 Abstract: Campylobacter (C.) spp. from poultry is the main source of foodborne human campylobacteriosis, but diseased pets and cattle shedding Campylobacter spp. may contribute sporadically as a source of human infection. As fluoroquinolones are one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of severe human campylobacteriosis, the resistance rates of C. jejuni and C. coli from poultry against antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, are monitored within the European program on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock. However, much less is published on the AMR rates of C. jejuni and C. coli from pets and cattle. Therefore, C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from diseased animals were tested phenotypically for AMR, and associated AMR genes or mutations were identified by whole genome sequencing. High rates of resistance to (fluoro)quinolones (41%) and tetracyclines (61.1%) were found in C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Culture Method for the Detection of Campylobacter from Water Environments
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article A Rapid Culture Method for the Detection of Campylobacter from Water Environments Nicol Strakova *, Kristyna Korena, Tereza Gelbicova, Pavel Kulich and Renata Karpiskova Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno-Medlánky, Czech Republic; [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (P.K.); [email protected] (R.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The natural environment and water are among the sources of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. A limited number of protocols exist for the isolation of campylobacters in poorly filterable water. Therefore, the goal of our work was to find a more efficient method of Campylobacter isolation and detection from wastewater and surface water than the ISO standard. In the novel rapid culture method presented here, samples are centrifuged at high speed, and the resuspended pellet is inoculated on a filter, which is placed on Campylobacter selective mCCDA agar. The motile bacteria pass through the filter pores, and mCCDA agar suppresses the growth of background microbiota on behalf of campylobacters. This culture-based method is more efficient for the detection and isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from poorly filterable water than the ISO 17995 standard. It also is less time-consuming, taking only 72 h and comprising three steps, while the ISO standard method requires five or six steps and 144–192 h. This novel culture method, based on high-speed Citation: Strakova, N.; Korena, K.; centrifugation, bacterial motility, and selective cultivation conditions, can be used for the detection Gelbicova, T.; Kulich, P.; Karpiskova, and isolation of various bacteria from water samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxin from Campylobacterjejuni
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1990, p. 1314-1320 Vol. 28, No. 6 0095-1137/90/061314-07$02.00/0 Copyright C 1990, American Society for Microbiology Isolation, Characterization, and Host-Cell-Binding Properties of a Cytotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni SANGEETA MAHAJAN AND FRANK G. RODGERS* Department of Microbiology, Spaulding Life Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 Received 10 January 1990/Accepted 19 March 1990 A 68,000-molecular-weight protein was isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from the organism- free filtrate of a fully virulent clinical strain of Campylobacterjejuni. The eluted protein was heat labile, was inactivated at either pH 3.0 or 9.0, was sensitive to trypsin, and was lethal for fertile chicken eggs. It also had toxic effects on chicken embryo fibroblast, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), and intestinal 407 (Int407) cells. A monoclonal antibody (CETPMAb4) raised to this eluted toxic protein (ETP) from C. jejuni abolished these toxic activities. Homology between C. jejuni ETP and Vibrio cholerae toxin was not observed in that specific antisera to each did not block their respective toxic activities. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, ETP, unlike cholera enterotoxin, did not bind to GM1 ganglioside. Furthermore, the C. jejuni toxin had cytotoxinlike properties and induced rounding of CHO cells. Binding of ETP to Int407 and primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells was maximal after 2 h as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and this toxin adherence to host cell membranes was significantly reduced by prior treatment of the cells with proteolytic enzymes, neuraminidase, or glutaraldehyde but not by treatment with P-galactosidase, lipase, Nonidet P-40, or sodium metaperiodate.
    [Show full text]