Alternatives Beyond Psychiatry
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Psychiatry and Anti-Psychiatry: History, Rhetoric and Reality
2 (4) 2018 DOI: 10.26319/4717 Daniel Burston, Psychology Department, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh PA [email protected] Psychiatry and Anti-psychiatry: History, Rhetoric and Reality Abstract: The term “anti-psychiatry” was coined in 1912 by Dr. Bernhard Beyer, but only popularized by Dr. David Cooper (and his critics) in the midst of a widespread cultural revolt against involuntary hospitalization and in-patient psychiatry during the 1960s and 1970s. However, with the demise of the old-fashioned mental hospital, and the rise of Big Pharma (with all its attendant evils), the term “anti-psychiatry” has outlived its usefulness. It survives merely as a term of abuse or a badge of honor, depending on the user and what rhetorical work this label is expected to perform. Those who use the term nowadays generally have a polemical axe to grind, and seldom understand the term’s origins or implications. It is time that serious scholars retire this term, or to restrict its use to R.D.Laing’s followers in the Philadelphia Associates and kindred groups that sprang up in the late 1960s and 1970s. Keywords: psychiatry, anti-psychiatry, psychoanalysis, DSM V, Big Pharma, normalization, psychopolitics On November 16, 2016, Dr. Bonnie Burstow, Associate Professor of Adult Education and Community Development at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, which is affiliated with the University of Toronto, launched the first (and thus far, only) scholarship in North America to support doctoral theses on the subject of “anti-psychiatry.” Predictably, this bold gesture garnered praise in some quarters, but provoked a barrage of criticism from both in and outside the university. -
Journal of Critical Psychology, Counselling and Psychotherapy Appropriate, and Have to Use Force, Which Constitutes a Threat
Winter 2010 Peter Lehmann 209 Medicalization and Peter * Lehmann Irresponsibility Through the example of an adolescent harmed by a variety of psychiatric procedures this paper concludes that bioethical and legal action (involving public discussion of human rights violations) should be taken to prevent further uninhibited unethical medicalization of problems that are largely of a social nature. Each human being loses, if even one single person allows himself to be lowered for a purpose. (Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder, 1741–1796, German enlightener) Beside imbalance and use of power, medicalization – the social definition of human problems as medical problems – is the basic flaw at the heart of the psychiatric discipline in the opinion of many social scientists, of users and survivors of psychiatry and critical psychiatrists. Like everywhere, in the discussion of medicalization there are many pros and cons as well as intermediate positions. When we discuss medicalization, we should have a very clear view, what medicalization can mean in a concrete way for an individual and which other factors are connected with medicalization; so we can move from talk to action. Medicalization and irresponsibility often go hand in hand. Psychiatry as a scientific discipline cannot do justice to the expectation of solving mental problems that are largely of a social nature. Its propensity and practice are not * Lecture, June 29, 2010, presented to the congress ‘The real person’, organized by the University of Preston (Lancashire), Institute for Philosophy, Diversity and Mental Health, in cooperation with the European Network of (ex-) Users and Survivors of Psychiatry (ENUSP) in Manchester within the Parallel Session ‘Psychiatric Medicalization: User and Survivor Perspectives’ (together with John Sadler, Professor of Medical Ethics & Clinical Sciences at the UT Southwestern, Dallas, and Jan Verhaegh, philosopher and ENUSP board-member, Valkenburg aan de Geul, The Netherlands). -
Anatomy of an Epidemic: Psychiatric Drugs and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America
Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, Volume 7, Number I , Spring 2005 Anatomy of an Epidemic: Psychiatric Drugs and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America Robert Whitaker Cambridge, MA Over the past 50 years, there has been an astonishing increase in severe mental illness in the United States . The percentage of Americans disabled by mental illness has increased fivefold since 1955, when Thorazine-remembered today as psychiatry's first "wonder" drug-was introduced into the market . The number of Americans disabled by mental ill- ness has nearly doubled since 1987, when Prozac-the first in a second generation of wonder drugs for mental illness-was introduced . There are now nearly 6 million Ameri- cans disabled by mental illness, and this number increases by more than 400 people each day. A review of the scientific literature reveals that it is our drug-based paradigm of care that is fueling this epidemic . The drugs increase the likelihood that a person will become chronically ill, and induce new and mote severe psychiatric symptoms in a significant percentage ofpatients. Keywords: antipsychotics; antidepressants ; mental illness; epidemic; schizophrenia he modern era of psychiatry is typically said to date back to 1955, when chlorpro- mazine, marketed as Thorazine, was introduced into asylum medicine . In 1955, T the number of patients in public mental hospitals reached a high-water mark of 558,922 and then began to gradually decline, and historians typically credit this empty- ing of the state hospitals to chlorpromazine . As Edward Shorter wrote in his 1997 book, A History of Psychiatry, "Chlorpromazine initiated a revolution in psychiatry, comparable to the introduction of penicillin in general medicine" (Shorter, 1997, p. -
Asylum 17.4Digital.Indd
Winter 2010 Volume 17 Number 4 £3.50 Sales and subscriptions Tel 01989 763900 www.pccs-books.co.uk Information Asylum Collective www.asylumonline.net the magazine for democratic psychiatry USERS’ ACTION PETER LEHMANN SURVIVOR HISTORY and more … page 2 asylum winter 2010 An international magazine for democratic psychiatry, psychology, and community development Incorporating the Newsletter of Psychology Politics Resistance the magazine for democratic psychiatry Volume 17, Number 4, Winter 2010 ISSN 0955 2030 © Asylum and Asylum Associates CONTENTS Limbrick Centre Limbrick Rd A SMALL ACT OF REVOLUTION Sheffield, S6 2PE Bill Bailey 4 [email protected] PANIC ATTACK: A WINDOW FOR WISDOM Anon 5 Executive Editor: Phil Virden: [email protected] THE DEAD SHEEP IN THE WATER TANK General Editors: Terry Simpson 7 Prof Alec Jenner: [email protected] USER-LED MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES? Lin Bigwood: [email protected] WE’VE DONE IT FOR A DECADE Business Manager: Adam James 8 Peter Bullimore: [email protected] Poetry & Creative Writing: LETTERS 9 Clare Shaw: [email protected] SOTERIA: AS VIEWED BY (EX-)USERS AND Phil Thomas: [email protected] SURVIVORS OF PSYCHIATRY Members of Asylum Collective: Peter Lehmann 11 Jim Campbell: [email protected] Jacqui Dillon: [email protected] ONE STEP BEYOND – REVIEW OF ‘ALTERNATIVES David Harper: [email protected] BEYOND PSYCHIATRY’ EDITED BY PETER STASTNY AND Paul Hammersley PETER LEHMANN [email protected] Book review by Helen Spandler -
Combatting Psychiatric Patients' Catastrophic Reduction in Life Expectancy: User-Orientated Approaches
Peter Lehmann Combatting Psychiatric Patients' Catastrophic Reduction in Life Expectancy: User-orientated approaches Lecture to the 6th European Conference on Mental Health Berlin, October 6, 2017 www.peter-lehmann-publishing.com/berlin Reduced Life Expectancy “25 Years. Average number of years prematurely that people with serious mental illness die.” FEMHC – The Foundation for Excellence in Mental Health Care (2014). Just the Facts. Wilsonville, OR. www.mentalhealthexcellence.org/ “Research has shown that the life expectancy for people living with a serious mental health condition is, on average, 25 years shorter than the general population. Heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases (such as HIV/AIDS) are the most common causes of death among this population.” Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2012). The importance of total wellness. Choices in Recovery—Support and Information for Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, and Bipolar Disorder, 9(2), 12 www.peter-lehmann-publishing.com/berlin Reduced Life Expectancy “It has been known for several years that persons with serious mental illness die younger than the general population. However, recent evidence reveals that the rate of serious morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) in this population has accelerated. In fact, persons with serious mental illness (SMI) are now dying 25 years earlier than the general population.” Parks J. (October 2006). Foreword. In: J. Parks, D. Svendsen, P. Singer, & M.E. Foti (Eds.), Morbidity and mortality in people with serious mental -
Role of Litigation in a Strategic Approach to Mental Health System Change
Role of Litigation in a Strategic Approach to Mental Health System Change NARPA 2014 - ANNUAL RIGHTS CONFERENCE SeaTac DoubleTree, September 4, 2014 James B. (Jim) Gottstein, Esq. 1 Law Project for Psychiatric Rights (PsychRights®) ● Public Interest Law Firm ● Mission: Mount Strategic Litigation Campaign Against Forced Psychiatric Drugging and Electroshock. ● Drugging of Children & Youth a Priority ● I Am on Hiatus 2 Named 2010 best investigative journalism in book category by the Investigative 3 Reporters and Editors Association While Some People find the Drugs Helpful . • 6‐fold Increase in Mental Illness Disability Rate • Cut the Recovery Rate At Least in Half • Causing Massive Amount of Harm • Life Spans Now 25 Years Shorter • Hugely and Unnecessarily Expensive • Huge Unnecessary Human Toll Sources: Whitaker (2002 & 2010), NASMHPD (2006), Studies Posted on PsychRights.Org Scientific Research By Topic 4 5 6 7 Antidepressants Not More Effective than Placebo Except for Most Depressed Increase Suicidality & Violence Addictive Lose “effectiveness” over time Cause Mania Bipolar Diagnoses Dramatically Worsening Outcomes Sources: Pigott (2010), Fournier (2010), Whitaker (2010), Breggin (2008) 8 Courtesy of Robert Whitaker 9 Anticonvulsants Misbranded as Mood Stabilizers ● Can Cause: Hostility, Aggression, Depression & Confusion Liver Failure Fatal pancreatitis Severe & lethal skin disorders ● May Cause Mild cognitive impairment with chronic use Source: Brain Disabling Treatments in Psychiatry, Breggin, Springer, 2008 10 Benzodiazepines -
Abolishing the Concept of Mental Illness
ABOLISHING THE CONCEPT OF MENTAL ILLNESS In Abolishing the Concept of Mental Illness: Rethinking the Nature of Our Woes, Richard Hallam takes aim at the very concept of mental illness, and explores new ways of thinking about and responding to psychological distress. Though the concept of mental illness has infiltrated everyday language, academic research, and public policy-making, there is very little evidence that woes are caused by somatic dysfunction. This timely book rebuts arguments put forward to defend the illness myth and traces historical sources of the mind/body debate. The author presents a balanced overview of the past utility and current disadvantages of employing a medical illness metaphor against the backdrop of current UK clinical practice. Insightful and easy to read, Abolishing the Concept of Mental Illness will appeal to all professionals and academics working in clinical psychology, as well as psychotherapists and other mental health practitioners. Richard Hallam worked as a clinical psychologist, researcher, and lecturer until 2006, mainly in the National Health Service and at University College London and the University of East London. Since then he has worked independently as a writer, researcher, and therapist. ABOLISHING THE CONCEPT OF MENTAL ILLNESS Rethinking the Nature of Our Woes Richard Hallam First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Richard Hallam The right of Richard Hallam to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
Coming Off Psychiatric Drugs Successful Withdrawal From
Peter Lehmann (Ed.) Coming off Psychiatric Drugs Successful Withdrawal from Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, Ritalin and Tranquilizers With prefaces by Judi Chamberlin, Pirkko Lahti and Loren R. Mosher Fourth, expanded ebook edition With contributions by Karl Bach Jensen, Regina Bellion, Olga Besati, Wilma Boevink, Michael Chmela, Oryx Cohen, Susanne Cortez, Bert Gölden, Gábor Gombos, Katalin Gombos, Maths Jesperson, Klaus John, Bob Johnson, Manuela Kälin, Kerstin Kempker, Susan Kingsley-Smith, Leo P. Koehne, Elke Laskowski, Peter Lehmann, Ulrich Lindner, Jim Maddock, Mary Maddock, Constanze Meyer, Fiona Milne, Harald Müller, Eiko Nagano, Mary Nettle, Una M. Parker, Pino Pini, Nada Rath, Hannelore Reetz, Roland A. Richter, Marc Rufer, Lynne Setter, Martin Urban, Wolfgang Voelzke, David Webb, Josef Zehentbauer, and Katherine Zurcher Peter Lehmann Publishing 2020 This book was originally published in 1998 in Germany as print edition; 5th print edition in 2019, 1st ebook edition in 2013, 3rd ebook edition in 2020. English print edition in 2004, 1st ebook edition in 2013, 3rd ebook edition in 2020. Greek print edition in 2008 by Edition Nissides in Thessaloniki, 2nd print edition in 2014. Spanish ebook edition in 2016. French print edition in 2018 by Editions Résurgence (Marco Pietteur) in Embourg, Belgique. For information on all different editions see www.peter-lehmann- publishing.com/comingoff. The publisher/editor and the authors have no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of addresses as well as URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and do not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. -
Lehmann-Feb 08
ex tra-ordinary people eter Lehmann has been battling the psychiatric The content of the book ranges widely: individual establishment for more than 30 years, in his survival stories, ‘organised self-help’ projects, models of home country, Germany, and Europe-wide non-psychiatric professional support, and structures and through the European Network of (ex-) Users mechanisms for supporting alternative treatments for and Survivors of Psychiatry (ENUSP), which he mental distress. ‘Some people who call themselves Pchaired from 1997 to 1999. In 1989 he co-founded the antipsychiatry say leave the drugs, abolish psychiatrists, Association for Protection against Psychiatric Violence, problem solved. That is a very primitive approach,’ and helped set up the Berlin Run-away House. He is also Lehmann says. ‘I am not against drugs. When I meet a writer, publisher and bookseller, and has published a people who say they have recovered thanks to the drugs, number of books criticising psychiatry and the drugs it I think wow, what good luck for them. I do not doubt it, uses to treat mental distress. They include The Chemical but I am surprised. Gag: why Psychiatrists Administer Neuroleptics (1986); ‘In the veterinary field, when dogs are given SSRIs to Instead of Psychiatry (1993), and Coming off Psychiatric calm them down when they are left alone, or pigs on the Drugs (1998, published in English in 2004, and in Italian way to the slaughter house, they are calmer; the drugs are and Greek in 2008). His most recent book, co-edited with working. They are working in humans too, to calm down US psychiatrist Peter Stastny, came out late last year. -
Wellness Forum Health Annual Symposium on Informed™ Medical Decision-Making Co-Sponsored By
Wellness Forum Health Annual Symposium on InforMED™ Medical Decision-Making Co-sponsored by Dr. Peter Breggin’s Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy November 13-15 Columbus, Ohio Featured Speakers : Young Hee Ko, Ph.D. cancer researcher, founder of KoDiscovery (revolutionary cancer treatment) Dr. Hans Diehl, founder of the CHIP Program (Complete Health Improvement Program) Robert Whitaker, author of Mad in America and Anatomy of an Epidemic Garth Davis MD, author of Proteinaholic Special Event: an evening with David Katz MD author of How to Eat Saturday, November 15: dinner, an engaging ~talk by one of the most important doctors in lifestyle medicine, and a celebration of Wellness Forum Health’s 25th anniversary also featuring: Pam Popper, President WFH; Peter Breggin, M.D.; Eileen Kopsaftis, P.T.; Mary Marshall, RN; Beth Prier, PharmD, MS, CPHIMS Ticket prices: (register now to get the best price!) Nov 11, 2019-April 30, 2020 Member $299 Non-Member $359 May 1-June 30 Member $359 Non-Member $399 July 1-August 31 Member $379 Non-Member $410 September 1-October 31 Member $399 Non-Member $449 November 1-10 Member $449 Non-Member $499 (subject to availability) No partial tickets, non-transferrable and non-refundable. No registrations at the door. Ticket price includes: Main session lectures and interactive panel discussions Breakout sessions (see descriptions on following pages) Three meals: dinner on Friday, lunch on Saturday, multi-course dinner on Saturday (all meals are vegan, low-fat, & gluten free) Conference Hours: Fri 2:00-4:00PM -
Robert Whitaker
AFFIDAVIT OF ROBERT WHITAKER STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS ) ) ss. SUFFOLK COUNTY ) By Robert Whitaker I. Personal Background 1. As a journalist, I have been writing about science and medicine, in a variety of forums, for about 20 years. My relevant experience is as follows: a) From 1989 to 1994, I was the science and medical writer for the Albany Times Union in Albany, New York. b) During 1992-1993, I was a fellow in the Knight Fellowship for Science Writers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. c) From 1994-1995, I was director of publications at Harvard Medical School. d) In 1994, I co-founded a publishing company, CenterWatch, that reported on the clinical development of new drugs. I directed the company’s editorial operations until late 1998, when we sold the company. I continued to write freelance articles for the Boston Globe and various magazines during this period. e) Articles that I wrote on the pharmaceutical industry and psychiatry for the Boston Globe and Fortune magazine won several national awards, including the George Polk Award for medical writing in 1999, and the National Association of Science Writers award for best magazine article that same year. A series I wrote for the Boston Globe on problems in psychiatric research was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Public Service in 1999. f) Since 1999, I have focused on writing books. My first book, Mad in America, reported on our country’s treatment of the mentally ill throughout its history, and explored in particular why schizophrenia patients fare so much worse in the United States and other developed countries than in the poor countries of the world. -
Treatment-Induced Suicide: Suicidality As a Potential Peter Lehmann Effect of Psychiatric Drugs
•J .- -.- ~ '"If'"'. ~TT I """'.1 I• I I. I .,..... ~ ~ - .- - I.e "I.. .......-. _ ." ~ t.JJ '-'.... L '-.J ""~... L '-...I.. '-"'L -- J '" .• ~. "'. =- =,''''d. ~ :>.'" ·.d••" •• ~ " '.:.c' ,. - - -, ... ~ ,~ , ~. - ~ .... ,- .. .. .'. ' .. .. .. ~ '-""" .. ,".~- - .- ¥ I 'Ohl .,= . c .~ -,. ,.~:- .. , OplllL 20(2 ! " T"> [ 11 .I. ~J \In, -.,.. ~ ... ~ ~ .1 C'C''''''i~'';",':1 ...- .I. ;:,y ~'Y " -. - Treatment-induced Suicide: Suicidality as a potential Peter Lehmann effect of psychiatric drugs Psychiatric treatment, particularly drug treatment, is a factor in causing depression. This paper examines probable links between psychiatric treatment and suicide. Depression can have many causes: psychosocial and political conditions, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, aging, toxic substances and drugs. Psychiatrists generally focus onorganic or supposedorganic depressions, for which they prescribe psychiatric drugs and electroshocks. It is hard for them to accept that a large number of psychiatric drugs can cause or increase depression and suicidality. But inmedical and pharmacological specialist literature there are many reports about the depressive effects of psychiatric drugs. In particular neuroleptics (so-called antipsychotic drugs) often initiate depression and suicide. A suicide register with special consideration of associated psychiatric drugs, electroshocks, restraint and other forms of psychiatric coercion could be effective as a form of prevention and lower the incidence of depression and suicides. Drug-associated depression