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Place De La Baie De Goji (Lycium Barbarum L. Solanaceae) Parmi Les Superfruits Actuels : Ses Bienfaits Antioxydants Manon Leroux

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Place De La Baie De Goji (Lycium Barbarum L. Solanaceae) Parmi Les Superfruits Actuels : Ses Bienfaits Antioxydants Manon Leroux Place de la baie de Goji (Lycium barbarum L. Solanaceae) parmi les superfruits actuels : ses bienfaits antioxydants Manon Leroux To cite this version: Manon Leroux. Place de la baie de Goji (Lycium barbarum L. Solanaceae) parmi les superfruits actuels : ses bienfaits antioxydants. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2014. dumas-01113884 HAL Id: dumas-01113884 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01113884 Submitted on 6 Feb 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE ROUEN UFR DE MEDECINE ET DE PHARMACIE Année 2013/2014 N° THESE ƉŽƵƌůĞ/W>KD͛ddKdhZEW,ZD/ Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 3 juillet 2014 par LEROUX Manon Née le 6 avril 1989 à Harfleur Place de la baie de Goji (Lycium barbarum L. Solanaceae) parmi les superfruits actuels : ses bienfaits antioxydants. Président du jury : Mme Elisabeth SEGUIN, Professeur de Pharmacognosie Membres du jury : Mme Marie-Laure GROULT, Maître de Conférences en Botanique Mme Béatrice BLAMPIED ͕WŚĂƌŵĂĐŝĞŶĚ͛ŽĨĨŝĐŝŶĞ >͛hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠ ĚĞ ZŽƵĞŶ Ğƚ ů͛h&Z ĚĞ DĠĚĞĐŝŶĞ Ğƚ ĚĞ WŚĂƌŵĂĐŝĞ ĚĞ ZŽƵĞŶ Ŷ͛ĞŶƚĞŶĚĞŶƚ ĚŽŶŶĞƌ ĂƵĐƵŶĞ approbation ni improbation aux opinions émises dans cette thèse. Ces opinions sont propres à leurs auteurs. REMERCIEMENTS A Mme Marie->ĂƵƌĞ 'ZKh>d͕ ŵĂ ĚŝƌĞĐƚƌŝĐĞ ĚĞ ƚŚğƐĞ͕ ƉŽƵƌ ŵ͛ĂǀŽŝƌ ĠƉĂƵůĠ e et conseillée tout au long de mon travail. Merci pour votre patience et pour tous vos précieux conseils qui ŵ͛ŽŶƚƉĞƌŵŝƐĚ͛ĂĐŚĞǀĞƌĐĞƚƚĞƚŚğƐĞ͘ A Mme Elisabeth SEGUIN, ƋƵŝŵ͛ĂĨĂŝƚů͛ŚŽŶŶĞƵƌĚĞƉƌĠƐŝĚĞƌ mon jury. A Mme Béatrice BLAMPIED, Pharmacien de la Pharmacie ĐĞŶƚƌĂůĞĚĞĂƌŶĠƚĂů͕ĂǀĞĐƋƵŝũ͛Ăŝ apprécié travailler durant mon stage de 6 ème année. Je suis ravie de vous voir parmi les ŵĞŵďƌĞƐĚĞŵŽŶũƵƌLJĂƵũŽƵƌĚ͛ŚƵŝ͘ A M. et Mme VANDERMERSCH qui ont contribué à ma motivation pour aboutir ce travail, ainsi que toute leur équipe de la PŚĂƌŵĂĐŝĞĚĞů͛ƐƉĂĐĞŽƚLJ au Havre, pour leur soutien et leurs encouragements. Je remercie particulièrement Nicolas pour ce qui concerne la partie informatique. Je remercie bien sûr mes ami(e)s et ma famille pour leur présence et leurs encouragements. DĞƌĐŝăŵĞƐƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĚĞŵ͛ĂǀŽŝƌ soutenue durant toutes mes études. ŶĨŝŶ͕ ũĞ ƌĞŵĞƌĐŝĞ ŝŶĨŝŶŝŵĞŶƚ ĐĞůƵŝ ƋƵŝ ŵ͛ĂĐĐŽŵƉĂŐŶ e tous les jours. Merci Brice, pour ta compréhension et ta complicité ͕ƋƵŝŵ͛ŽŶƚĠƚĠŝŶĚŝƐƉĞŶƐĂďůĞƐ͘ TABLES DES MATIERES LISTE DES FIGURES ........................................................................................................ 1 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. 5 GLOSSAIRE .................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 7 PREMIERE PARTIE ......................................................................................................... 8 PRINCIPAUX SUPERFRUITS : DEFINITIONS ET CARACTERISTIQUES ............................................................... 8 I DEFINITION .......................................................................................................................................... 8 II PRINCIPAUX CONSTITUANTS ............................................................................................................... 8 1. Macronutriments ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.1. Glucides .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Lipides ..................................................................................................................................... 17 1.3. Protéines................................................................................................................................. 20 2. Micronutriments ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.1. Vitamines ................................................................................................................................ 22 2.1.1. Vitamines liposolubles ..................................................................................................... 23 2.1.2. Vitamines hydrosolubles .................................................................................................. 26 2.2. Principaux sels minéraux ........................................................................................................ 38 3. Oligoéléments principaux ............................................................................................................. 41 4. Composés phytochimiques (=phytomicronutriments) ................................................................. 46 4.1. Composés phénoliques .......................................................................................................... 48 4.2. Terpénoïdes ............................................................................................................................ 60 4.3. Alcaloïdes................................................................................................................................ 64 III PRESENTATION DES PRINCIPAUX SUPERFRUITS ................................................................................ 65 1. Fruits européens ........................................................................................................................... 66 1.1. Cassis ...................................................................................................................................... 66 1.2. Myrtille ................................................................................................................................... 68 1.3. Epine-vinette .......................................................................................................................... 71 2. Fruits importés (exotiques) ........................................................................................................... 75 2.1. Açaï ......................................................................................................................................... 75 2.2. Acérola .................................................................................................................................... 77 2.3. Canneberge ............................................................................................................................ 79 2.4. Grenade .................................................................................................................................. 82 2.5. Mûre (du mûrier) .................................................................................................................... 85 2.6. Noni ........................................................................................................................................ 88 2.7. Papaye .................................................................................................................................... 91 DEUXIEME PARTIE ...................................................................................................... 94 PLACE DE LA BAIE DE GOJI ( Lycium barbarum L.), AU SEIN DES SUPERFRUITS ........................................... 94 I ORIGINE ET HISTORIQUE DE LA PLANTE ............................................................................................ 94 II HABITAT ............................................................................................................................................. 96 1. Habitat naturel .............................................................................................................................. 96 2. Plantations et cultures .................................................................................................................. 96 2.1. Plantations en Chine ............................................................................................................... 96 2.2. Plantations dans le monde ..................................................................................................... 98 2.3. WƌĠƐĞŶĐĞĞŶ&ƌĂŶĐĞăů͛ƚĂƚƐƉŽŶƚĂŶĠ .................................................................................... 98 2.4. Culture .................................................................................................................................... 99 III ETUDE BOTANIQUE DE Lycium barbarum L. .................................................................................... 100 1. Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................. 100 2. Systématique ............................................................................................................................... 102 2.1. Caractéristiques de la famille des Solanacées .....................................................................
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