ASSocrAroN FoR TNDUSTRTAL ARCHAEorocy Bu I lgt [n Volume 11 Number 1

Stephen Hughes works for the Royal Commission getting a steady stream of new surveys and and Welshpool to Newtown. In fact, this 34 on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales additional information deposited with the mile length consists of four completely as an Investigator of lndustrial Monuments For National Monuments Record for Wales, an different canals which have been linked in nine years he has been doing preparatory study archive which is meticulously indexed, kept at name only under modern ownership. The for a series of large volumes on the archaeology the Commission's Aberystwyth off ice: ob.iective of all four canals was to carry and of canals and early railways in Wales and Edleston House, Oueen's Boad, Aberystwyth, distribute lime for agricultural purposes from concentrated initially on the Montgomeryshire Dyfed SY23 2HP, telephone 0970 (STD) the lucrative quarries at Llanymynech Hill, Canal. In many lA circles he is now 438112, and can readily be consulted by the the carriage of this lime substantially out- affectionately k nown as' Mr Montgomerysh ire'. general public. stripping any through-traffic likely to emerge. One thing led to another and after writing a Two canals stretched out on either side of twenty-page article f or Montgomeryshi re Details of the Montgomeryshire project, Where, Llanymynech quarries from a common Collections in 1981, a gazetteer and extra you may ask, is the Montgomeryshire Canal? terminal nearby. illustrations were added and a thirty-two page The book contains a towpatfFtypemap of the booklet was published under the same title as entire length and this introductionary It also contains 29 pages of text, 24 photo the county magazine pier.e; The lndustrial paragra pn: graphs, 5 drawings {including the magni{icent Archaeology of the Montgomeryshirc Canal. fhe cut-away by Geoff Ward reproduced on this page entire print order (600) was taken up in eight The'Montgomery Canal' is today def ined as and 5 other maps. if you can get one (try months and it is currently being reprlnted, the line of waterway stretching from the writing to Stephen Hughes) they are f1.95 pending a new edition, which should appear in Llangollen Canal at Welsh Frankton in a including postage. However potential buyers 1984/5. southwesterly direction throu gh Llanymynech could have to wait for the reDrint Now if it should be thought that Stephen Hughes's Montgomeryshire enthusiasm is a thing apart from his general duties with Powis Estate Sawm il l, Welshpool RCAM (Wales) | hasten to say that far f rom (pwered by canal-water) this being the case, there are a host of 'colleagues' involved; Brian Malaws, lain Wright, Jane Durrant and Tony Parkinson, and on the showing so far, the Welsh Commission is heading the field in practical industrial archaeology. BCAM (Wales) must be recognised in lA high places, for when the CBA Industrial Archaeology Committee held their Crisis in Recording lndustrial Monuments meeting in November 1981 (reported in Bulletin 9/3) it was suggested that the various Royal Commissions might use their undoubted surveying and recording expertise to train lA students. Stephen was then able to ooint out that the Welsh Commission were already doing just that In fact they had arranged to administer the 'surveying and recording' component of the Institute of Industrial Archaeology lA Diploma Course for 1982-83, naturally along the Montgomerysh ire Canal. l And it came as no surprise that an MSC scheme was propced and eventually appro/ed to employ four RCAM (Wales) trained people to (in official language) survey and research Y": .^!t' indu3trial archaeological monuments on the ;. fc' Montgomeryshire Canal. This is now going .i::l ahead and will provide additional material for the revised edition of'the book'. A splendid story of enthusiasm and down-tc earth hard work by everyone concerned, not Copyright R. C. A. M. ( Wales ) least the Royal Commission itself which it COTTAGE AT BELAN LOCKS.WELSHPOOL,POWYS

I J

Wesl and Eest Elevations

Soulh Elevalion

F--:==;;-E:E Surveyed by AM TO,MJS JCI o 5m D'awn bv KO JCT

The srrvey for the Institute of Industrial 3 Measuring Plans: It is helpful to use a different colour for dimension Archaeology's 198?3 Diploma Course has lines and arrows so as not to confuse the drawing, produced an excellent series of additions to the ln each room:- but write all dimensions in ordinary pencil. RCAM (Wales) archive including this Cottage at &lan Locks, Welshpool, a) Sketch the room at a large scale using corr b) Measure each wall systematically and book It has also resulted in a set of notes on ventional representations of doors, windows &c. each measurement Start with tape zero on the clrveying industrial buildings prepared by Brian Draw everything to be measured. Don't tryrto left hand edge of a wall and measure to the Malawrs and Tony Parkinson, and which are make your sketch a scale drawing, exaggerate right Apart from enabling you to read the tape reproduced below. small details to enable all the dimensions to be the right way up, it is easier to plot as scale rules fitted in clearly. lf a sketch becomes cluttered are usually graduated from left to right lf you Very Basic Notes on Industrial Building draw'details' at a large scale and note'see detail are measuring singlehanded it may be quicker on the main sketch. to fix a nail or pin in two opposite corners and Preliminary measure outwards from each pin to record the four walls, and then between them to get the It doesn't matter what units you measure in as diagonal. long as they are stated on the survey drawings, so that if necessary someone else can plot from your notes. Show feet and inches as (for examole) 612 (= 6lL 2 in.l or 14/- (= 14 feet 0 inches) &c. A dimension in the apparently simde metric system can be expressed in several ways; for example, to express 13200 metres and 0.765 metres you can write 13.2, u"-765 -16.5 Not this... metres; 1 320, 76% or centim€tr*; or use the British Standard system of 1 3 200, 765 millim€tres. Whichever system you use, be windowsill consistent fixed pin Survey Team: Always take running measurements where possible as this minimises movement, is Two people are better than one, three is best. more accurate, and is easier to plot The'leader/ books the measurements and directs operations; the second reads the tape or rod and c) Measure and book the diagonals; although will suffice, taking both serves as a check. the third (if available) holds the zero end of the :; -'j --'l )l one tape for the leader. Each team requires a tape ll Note the exact poinb measured. (20 m/50ft or longer), a2ml6ft folding rod or dimension lines and arrow heads in steel pocket-tape, several sheets of A4 size (A3 is different colours d) Measure and book extra details, eg fireplace better) paper clipped to a rigid board, an HB or alcore depths. wall-toglass distances at windors pencil, a red pencil and a rubber, But this... and wall thicknesses 2 e) Remember that you are trying to create a grid e) Supplement elevations drawings with The study. which was pres€nted by consultants of interlocking triangles with wall junctions at photographs. W S Atkins and Partners was commissioned by a their apexes When plotting, you are merely re consortium led by the Welsh Development creating this grid of triangles at a smaller scale Plotting: Agency. The other partners are British Water- and joining their apexes to form the plan of the uays Board, Shropshire County Council and room or building. 3) Bear in mind the purpose of your drawing and I nland Waterways Association. use an appropriate, recognised metric (or imperial) scale. Plot a scalebar on your drawing Opening of First Major Inland Trrmport Water t!- 'a so that if it is reduced or enlarged it is still way since 1905. Sir Frank Price, Chairman of i\ 'l \. a usable; simply stating :100 or 1 :96 or whatever British Waterways Board, recently unveiled a i on a drawing is not enough. commemorative plaque at Eastwood Lock Measure these Rotherham to open the improved section of the to give... b) Plot with a soft but sharp pencil on a stable Sheffield and South Yo*shire Navigation and material: Permatrace or similar is best, good which allows suitably designed craft of up to drawing card (not multi-layer like mounting- or 700 tonne pay-loads to navigate inland between \ watercolour-board) or cartridge paper is OK, Rotherham and the Humber Ports tracing paper is almost useless The Mayor of Rotherham, CouncillorJ Allott ?i------7 then renamed the lock'Frank Price Lock' in l\ L /l c) Don't try to make a finished drawing straight recognition of his major contribution in leading t.. o away. You are producing a plotj a high quality the campaign in close co-operation with South drawing for publication or exhibition must Yorkshire thisrrilo fixed|r^vv i ,r' I be County Council and Rotherham and I traced on another sheet using the plot as a basis. Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Councils, to :t:l:Tfll':isrF"rnsurvey notes X'\\ bring a modern, economic transport waterway i d) Build up each room using diagonals and wall to the industrial heartland of South Yorkshire, ,, lengths to form adjacent triangles; fit exterior The Scheme, which cost f 16 million has been l,/ dimensions to interior at door and window funded by central government and grants from

u____ open I ngs. the Regional Development Fund of the EEC and -_\ South Yorkshire Countv Council. In all ten t(_--_-tr. ) e) Put in North point; this may be worked out locks have been rebuilt or enlarged within the which can be C / either using a compass on site, or from a large provision of the Scheme since construction recreated on scale Ordnance Survey map (6' to the mile or work started in April 1979. Other major works the drawing X larger). included the modif ication or rebuilding of eight board, road and rail bridges and seven major channel enabling you widening, r+alignment and river diversion r/: schemes necessary to allow large barges to -)j And appropriately the following was released - navigate the waterway. from the British Waterways Board office in June of this year. to recreate Information Required. Derbyshire Museum the original Service has received a request for information on Montgomery Canal Full Restoration is room - the firm of D Ath & Elwood. .ltstified say Comult.nts. At a meeting in It is believed that this firm made the steam Shrewsbury in June 1983, the findings of winding engines f or Nailstone & Bradley Consu ltants who were appointed to study the Collieries (Nr Stockport). Research in the economic, social and environmental benefits MuSeum's files and those of The Derbyshire of restoration of the Montgomery Canal were Record Office have not produced any information No more than one sketch per f loor of a building presented to an invited assembly of sponsors whatsoever. Anyone able to help is invited to get is preferable; this avoids missing out walF and organisations interested in the waterway. in touch with Maggie Heath at The Derbyshire thicknesses where sketches meet and makes it The findings concluded that the greatest County Museums Service, Matlock, Derbvshire oossible to note measurements from one room economic benefit would be achieved bv the DE4 3AG, telephone 0629-341 1, extension second needed, project to another. lf a sketch is mark completion of the for restoration to 7?OO the junction points clearly. cruising standard in the shortest possible time of the whole 33 mile length of waterway (except These rules c)) also apply to exterior between Newtown Pump House, Powys, and its Industrial archaeology has a worldwide olans, connection with the national canal network at following and as more AIA members are looking Frankton Junction, Shropshire, together with for lA sites during their annual holidays it seems Measuring Elevations and Cross Sections: the short Guilsf ield Arm. sensible to publish details of industrial The cost of full restoration is estimated at archaeological interest abroad whenever a) Sketch, as 2a) above f9.4 million, and the additional annual available. The following feature on the tanning maintenance costs at f84,000. The return to the industry in France was sent to us by Roy b) Measure details horizontally if they will not local community from increased tourist Thompson a welFknown authority on leather, appear on plan. expenditure would be over one million pounds its history and procesing. a year, and the equivalent of 186 full-time jobs c) Record details vertically by taking a datum could be created in the towns and villages along line (eg a level line of window sills) or creating one the waterway. A much improved recreational (eg chalk or string line set up with a spirit- or and leisure facility would be available for the dumpy-level) and measuring up and down to it enjoyment of all. lf you use several datum lines, as on a multi- Welcoming the report, the Chairman of storey building, ensure that the heights between British Waterways Board, Sir Frank Price DL, them are booked. The horizontal datum lines who chaired the meeting, said that, with the are thus easily re+reated on paper, enabling support of local authorities and voluntary features to be drawn in vertical relation to each organisations, the Board had achieved considerable other. success in restoring derelict waterways for recreation. In February of this year, some 80 d) Cross-sections:- Check floor thicknesses at miles of restored waterways had been added to stairs. Obtain structural details of the roof by the'Cruising' network. Full restoration of the setting a datum line across the building; measure Montgomery Canal would be a significant addition vertically from it to key points on the roof to the leisure waterways and be of lasting benefit trusses and record the distances along the datum. to the local community. Chrteru Renlult - City of Lerther. Chateau result, the tanning industry of Chateau Renault the use of extracts, the inception of counter Renault is a town of about 6,000 inhabitants collapsed and, in '1 788, there was only one tan- current liquor systems, etc, the majority of the lying just north of the Loire Valley between yard left. With the coming of the French tanners of Chateau Renault continued to employ Tours and Amboise. Today there are only two Revolution, the fortunes of the tanneries revived. time-consuming traditional methods using only working tanneries left, but the view across town The sales taxes were repealed and there was an oak bark in layaways. These, they felt, gave a from the twelfth century castle tower shows immediate requirement for large quantities of superior product. esteemed throughout the exactly why the townspeople of a hundred leather for the Armies of the Republic' This world. This impression was reinforced by the years ago were justifiably proud in using the demand increased during the Napoleonic Wars, increasing number of tanners from other areas title'City of Leathe/. Along the banks of the and during the first decades of the nineteenth claiming to make leathers'like Chateau Renault'. tvvo rivers that meet in the town are remains of c€ntury the town boasted of twelve tanneries In order to protect their reputation, a Union of many tanneries, identifying themselves as such employing sixty men. Tanners was founded in 1885 and two trade by their louvred drying lofts Between the The next hundred years saw a gradual expan- marks were registered. An independent agent buildings can still be seen the outlines of sion of the leather industry, interrupted only by was appointed whose responsibility it was to innumerable circular pits, reminiscent of the the brief periods of economic depression which inspect all the tanyards and to stamp all finished eighteenth century engravings of Diderot and overtook the whole of Europe during the 1820s hides to certify that they had been in the tan pits Lalande. and 1840s. Despite these, the tannery of for the declared period and were of a guaranteed The first evidence of leather manufacture Placide Peltereau (the direct descendent of quality. These trade marks are still being used to at Chateau Renault comes from a document of Bernard of 1 543) was confident enough in 1 844 this day by the one tannery still producing pure 1323 which mentions a tanbark mill owned by to invest in a steam engine and associate machinery. oak bark tanned leather. a nearby monastery. lt was not until the Twenty five years later, the main line railway The increasing use of rapid methods of sixteenth century, however, that the town between Paris and Tours was built, passing vegetable tanning employing imported tanning started to become a centre for the leather through Chateau Renault. This gave rapid access materials, the introduction of competitive industry. to the West coast ports for raw materials and to synthetic materials for transmission belting and ln the late 1530s when Diane de Poitiers the capital and its dominant markets for finished shoe soling and, above all, the chrome tanning became the mistress of King Henry ll of France, leather. process all had their impact on the leather industry he built her a magnificent chateau at The last twenty years of the nineteenth of Chateau RenaulL Just as the nineteenth Vendome. According to local tradition, all century sawthe pinnacle of prosperity for century saw a steady expansion, the years since was to the satisfaction of Diane de Poitiers, Chateau Renault and its tanning industry. By 1920 have been ones of gradual decline. Since except for the smell from the nearby tannery. 1890 there were sixteen tanneries, three tanbark 1925, over twenty tanneries have closed down. The offending tanner, Bernard Peltereau, was mills, three shoe factories, two glue and gelatine In 1954 the direct successor of the tannery forced to close down but, in compensation, he factories and numerous small currying shops and founded in 1 543 by Bernard Peltereau was shut, was granted Boyal Letters Patent in 1 543 independent handcraft shoemakers The whole followed, in 1 978, by that started in 1 597 by authorising him to establish a tannery in of the lower town consisted of an almost un- his relative. Chateau Renault about 30 kilometers awav. interrupted string of factories along both sides It was the realisation that hundreds of years Under such royal patronage, Bernard of the river banks, each fronted by imposing of tradition were disappearing almost over- Peltereau prospered and, in 1 597, another offices and the houses of the master tanners. night that led a small band of local enthusiasts member of the family set up a second tanyard Contemporary photographs show, from the in 1978 to set up the Tannery Museum. in the town. Over the next century, while the number of tall chimneys, that each factory had At oresent the exhibits are housed in the Loire Valley remained the centre of aristo- one or more steam engines to provide the ancient storeroom of the twelfth century castle. cratic activitv, the demand for leather increased. necessary power. They also show cartloads of The visitor descends a twisting stone stairway By the end of the seventeenth century Chateau oak bark, hides and finished leather being hauled and enters through a massive door into a large, Renault had six tanneries employing altogether along the stone paved streets by powerful horses well lit chamber. Here, the traditional processes twenty-eight workmen. Records indicate that from a total population of employed by the tanners of Chateau Renault are Unfortunately this prosperity did not last just under four thousand at this period, over explained. The exhibits are illustrated by old The Court returned to Paris and, in attempts to one thousand persons were employed in the engravings and actual examples of the hand tools bolster royal finances, increasingly severe taxes tanning and felated trades used. Of particular interest is a special type of were imposed on basic commodities such as Although the nineteenth century saw a fleshing knife thought to be unique to this area of leather. By'1 781 thevariousdutieson leather series of changes in the tanning industry, the France. lt resembles the knife deoicted in a amourrted to almost 60% of the sale orice. As a introduction of new vegetable tanning materials, thirteenth century stained glass window in

(D * i {

E tts 4 Chartres Cathedral. A series of maps shows how the debate concerns industrial museums of are working craftsrren who feel the urge to the industrv dominated the town in the late which ltaly is particularly poor. Facing complex investigate and record the origins of their trade. nineteenth century and these are highlighted by problems like the mentioned above requires Documentary evidence is not easy to find as a series of photographs taken between 1 890 and gathering individual forces interested under most trades insisted that knowledge and skill, 1910. Copies of these photographs and of the different points of view in the field, not only their 'mysteries', should be passed on only Museum's Bulletin are displayed for sale industrial archaeology enthusiasts but also through the personal link between master and year, Last the Museum was given the use of government officers, museu m cu rators, apprentice. Howerr'er there are many sources of a complete late nineteenth century tannery site university people, and so on. indirect evidence, as, in art, the development of This includes the stretch of river bank from where That's one of the main targets of industrial language, and the traces left by tools on the the hides were washed in the running stream, the archaeologists in ltaly at present and the first materials worked. Then there is the direct limeyard, the covered handling pits, over 200 layer results seem to be rather good although difficulties evidence of the tools themselves which have pits, a series of drying sheds f itted with louvres, and obstacles (as usual) are so numerous and hard survived, sometimes unrecognised, in vast two four-storey currying sheds, the boiler house to cooe with. quantities f rom earl ier centuries. and engine room and all the associated offices, Massimo Negri However, some at least of the founders nurse stables, coach houses etc. hopes that the Tool and Trades History Society will The exciting task the Museum has set itself Tooland Trades History Society. Tools are do a Iittle more than satisfv the needs of its own would appear to be enormous They are arguably the most significant of man's artifacts, members. They see an important edcuational role determined to restore the tannerv site, to make Vet theV receive the least serious attention. which should operate in two directions. On the a collection of tanning machinery and to transfer Museums are f ull of wmpons, pots and jewellery one hand it should increase interest in pre- the exhibition, showing the changing story of but displays of tools are still rare innovations. industrial tools and technology among museum the leather industry through the ages. The When tools are admired and collected it is too staff, specialist historians and, in particular, enthusiasts point to the undoubted success of often as quaint rel ics, or even as 'sculptural archaeologists. ( To demonstrate the present other industrial museums across the world, and f orms' - a recent exhibition was entitled 'The situation Iook in the index of any general work have the encouragement of the local authorities Tool as Object', and axe-heads have been on archaeology and compare the entry under and the tourist board. Let us hope that it is not displayed as examples of abstract art! Little Tools with that under Weaoons.) On the other too long before the Museum makes Chateau attempt has been made to study tools as a hand it might help in raising pride and interest Renault once again famous throughout Europe sub.ject in their own right and, by understanding in craftsmanship. In France and other countries as the'Citv of Leather', their function, to gain insight not only into the the craft-guilds are seeing a considerable revival, Roy Thompson techniques by which all other artifacts were often with government encouragement. Basing produced but also into the lives of that large themselves on historical tradition they do much This article was originally published in the proportion of the population which, throughout to create pride and high competence in all those Newsletter of the Northampton I ndustrial the ages, has been engaged in making things by trades which require manual skill. lf TATHS Archaeology Group. use of hand and tool. Even recent works by could make some contribution, howe'zer small, archaeologists, and historians of many technology- in this direction, it would be more than justif ied. A Note from ltaly. The ltalian Society for based subjects like buildings, furniture or boars, Further information from: PhilipWalker, (SlAl) Industrial Archaeology has begun either ignore the practical technicalities of Winston Grange, Debenham, Suffolk. Tel. publishing a new journal itled'Archaeologia production or uncritically accept folk-lore as Debenham 860441. lndustriala'focused on the experience of fact. documenting and studying our industrial past The Tool and Trades History Society is being Working Holidays. Groups who can offer joint It is a venture carried on with two founded in response to the need felt by a growing opportunities for volunteers to come and work Foundations (the N4icheletti Foundation, number of enthusiasts for a forum in which to for short or long periods at their projects Brescia, and the Feltrinelli Foundation, Milan) share and enlarge their common intbrest in tools should send information to the Central Bureau specialising in labour history and verv active in and techniques. Some started by admiring tools for Educational Visits and Exchanges, Seymour journal, their f ield. The which is planned to and then went on to ask how they were made, Mews House, Seymour Mews, London W1 H gPE. have summaries in English, will be issued three how they were used, when and whv. Others This information can be published in their times each year, subscriptions must be addressed to: Luigi Micheletti editor, at Temistocle Solera 5.1 .25100 Brescia (ltaly). 'Ruth' the 1925 steam roller by Marshatl Ltd on loan from West Sussex County Council, seen on The annual subscription is 15,000 ltalian Lira arrival at the Chalk Pits Museum on April 17th, (about f6.50). The ltalian scene in industrial archaeology in recent times has had new interesting improve ments particularly concerned with the public organizations Regional Government of Lombardy is going to support the second stage of a survey documenting hundreds and hundreds of sites, the publication of the results and of a poster to be sent to schools and libraries illustrating aspects of our industrial heritage The Regional Government of Abruzzi has organized a travelling exhibition which has been very successful in terms of the public and press. A major bank is supporting the publication of a three large format volume series titled 'Archeologia industriale in Lombardia' providing a comprehensive view of the industrial heritage of that region. Also in the academic field one could observe interesting results and an increase in interest towards the subject: a good test is provided by the presence of 16 university professors (each one in top position) in the Scientific board of the new journal. A problem which has aroused in the most recent times is the problem of some legislative initiatives which could make easier to orotect industrial monuments at present left to the local and individual sensitivity about their value. Other aspects of 5 annual publication 'Wqrking Holidays' f ree of surviving example made by the f irm, and incorpor- charge and should attract people to assist in ates their patent poppet valves, camshaft operated JC your scheme double beat In front of aninvitedaudience, the Drainage tis Granc from the Department of the Environment. Machine was started by Mr Wally Musgrave, the last ->tqS During recent years, encouraged by the campaign of the steam pumping station attendants on the \> launched by the Rescue group, the Department of levels. After the ceremony there was a little liquid the Environment has provided a great deal of money refreshment ( I ) and entertainment from a local iazz for traditional archaeology. This has not been band. matched by support for industrial archaeology. Having achieved only the first of its aims, the Grants have been given for survey, for excavation Trust now hopes to raise sufficient finance to pay and for post-excavation reports, and in allocating for the reeirs to the station building itself, which the money available, the DoE have hadregard for is in a state of delapidation after almost thirty the recommendations of local committees. years of neglecl The first stage in this will be Southampton University Industrial Archaeology the erection of a workshop building on thesite, Group have made two applications for grants, the which will also house a collection of vintage first for survey work on the site of Bursledon I ron workshop machines, and one of the Crossley Works, and the second for survey and excavation of Diesel engines from nearby Durleigh Reservoir. a water power installation at Brownwich Farm, near (Af A Swapshop 1983121. s/ering) by Stan Coates on the Angidy Valley, Titchfield. The oolicv of the DoE is to confine the Open days for 1984 will be on JanuarY 112, Tintern, famous for nearly 350 years of wire allocation of grants for post-excavation reports to and thereafter on the first Sunday afternoon in making. Places to be visited during the weekend those sites which have already received DoE money every month, April to october inclusive, from will include: Darkhill lronworks, Whitecliff for survey and excavation. Only modest sums 2 - 5 pnr. The station is situated 1 % miles from Blast-furnace, Clearwell Caves and mining were reouired for our initial work on these sites, Westonzoyland village centre, along the side road museum, Bickslade Valley and of course the but assistance for publication of the reports was to Burrowbridge. NGR ST 340328. Angidy Valley. urgently needed, and it would appear that the All meals (packed if appropriate) transport, chances of getting one without the other are very Take an area chock full of industrial remains, most entrance fees and accommodation will cost f45 limited. Our applications were supported by the of which are situated in outstandingly beautiful fully inclusive ard enquiries should be made to Hampshire Archaeological Committee and the surroundings, add a handful of knowledgeable lA Mrs Felton at the Littledean House Hotel, Wessex Archaeological Committee, and both were enthusiasts able and willing to show visitors round Cinderford, Gloucestershire G L1 4 3JT, unsuccessful, We should very much like to know of and the biggest problem is usually accommodation. telephone Dean (0594) 221 06. the experience of other industrial archaeology Not so in the c6e of a weekend on lA in the Forest groups which have made formal application for planned for next spring, for the Littledean House Limekilns was the theme of the Dartington lA grants from the DoE. Hotel, near Cinderford in the Forest of Dean is oneday confurence held on Saturday 8th Edwin Coune managed by another industrial archaeologist/local October at the Devon Centre for Further historian, Josephine Felton. Education organised by the Exeter lA Group and Westonzoyland Engine Trust On the 1gth of August Mrs Felton is a member of the Friends of the Professor Walter Minchinton. lt was a day of this year life once again flowed through the Easton Dearr Heritage Museum and spends a lot of her constant delight held in the gracious surroundings and Amos Drainage Machine housed at the Weston- spare time helping with the many chores which of Dartington Hall near Totnes. 'Limekilns tend to zoyland Pumping Station on the Somerset Levels abound in this dynamic undertaking. She be ignored by quite a few people', said one speaker, The Machine was built in 1861, and consists of a had however wondered for some time whether 'lf they think of them at all, they assumethat twin cylinder vertical steam engine with two'A she could combine her professional life with the having seen one, they've seen the lot They're all frames supporting the crankshaft The flywheel, lA scene and thus enable others to enjoy the alike'. Well, this may be ai general view, but which is situated in between the'A' frames and to district of which she is so fond. Getting together it is quite wrong as shown by the Dartington one side, drives from its rim a bevel gear on a with lan Standing andStan Coates, two local lA speakers vertical shaft held by an onion bearing, on the lecturers solved the problem and now she is all set After a brief introduction bv Walter Minchinton, bottom of which is hung the pump impellor in a to go, over the weekend of March 3Oth to April who put'limeburning' in Devon (1sth C to micF '15' deeo well beneath the unit Also in steam that 1st 1984. 19th C or until 'limegrinding' took over) in an day was a horizontal engine made by the local firm After a Friday evening introduction to the economic history perspective, and Stan Punchard of W & F Wills of Bridgwater, lt was built in area by lan Standing, The History of Dean and (a retired farmer) who described and illustrated the approximately 1896, and used to drive a pug mill Its Industries. there will be two days of guided tours geological locations where the greatest concentra- in a local brick and tile works, lt is the onlv known intersperced with a further lecture (Saturday tions of limekilns occurred, David Drewer, a Paignton headmaster showed a few examples of the 30 kilns he had located in Torquay and some of the 1 1 t he has discovered so far, in .,..; adjacent parishes. Cynthia Gaskell-Brown, Keeper of Archaeology at Plymouth City Museum, took as her demonstra tion area the Tamar Valley, above Calstock, and in particular the Lime.kiln complexes at New Ouay and Morwellham, In contrast to those in Torbay the New Quay kilns were, and still are, although largely hidden by dense vegetation, quite massive (bv Devon standards) and serviced by a sophisticated arrangement of loading platforms and tramways. All four of the morning sessions were thus given by speakers from the host county and the after-lunch period was given over to visitors from outside Devon. Eric Taylor from BIAS described a few of the 177 lim+kilns he had located in Avon and included a very evocative slide of the last kiln known to have worked in the county, that belonging to Keeling Brothers of Keynsham which was shown during a working session glowing with small coal and partly converted blue lias limestone. EriCs job takes him regularly into quarries in South Wales and he concluded with a series of slides showing a on the East Looe Biver where a water-wheel Industry will open in the restored Liverpool lim+kiln near Llantrisant which has recently provided the power to pull truck loads of limestone Rotd passenger station, a Grade I listed building, been relit to produce lime for the local iron and and culm up a ramp to a turntable on top of a pair originally the terminus of the Liverpool to steel industry. of kilns. Martin and Peter Stanier have measured up Manchester Railway and the oldest surviving A trio of speakers from SIAS (the Somerset lA the complex and two of his details are shown below. passenger station in the world, The exterior and Society) dealt with kilns from all corners of this Around forty participants enjoyed their interior of the station br-.ilding have been admittedly large county, a few of the 500 which Dartington lA day and now know, that far from renovated to their original condition and will Brian Murless claimed had been identified Sandy being the same, all limekilns actually tend to be house a display illustrating the history of the Buchanan and Derek Warren also gave comments different, only some are more different than others. Liverpool - Manchester Railwav. Other describing kilns from as far apart as Evercreech There will be another Dartington lA Day in 1984. buildings on the site being renovated include (near Shepton Mallett), Dunball, near Bridgewater It will be held at around the same time, early the 1830 Warehouse (Grade ll listed), the Minehead, Steep Holm (an island in the Bristol October, and will be devotedto Turnpike roads and 1860 LNWR goods warehouse, and the Byrom Channel) and Taunton, showing a delightful picture roadside furniture of all shaoes and sizes Street warehouse. The Museum will of a defunct lime-kiln on top of which the GWB mcommodate the exhibits of the present North (as it was then) had erected a water-tank. Cartlefield Urban Heritage Park, Manchester. West Museum of Science and Industry, to be Tony Jukes (Oxford House lA Society, Risca) Britain's fint Urban Heritage Park has been transferred from the present inadequate and gave first a practical demonstration of the power of established in the castlefield area of cramped quarters in Grosvenor Street and at a calcined limestone in heating a beakerful of water Manchester. After years of neglect the physical number of other storage sites scattered about and then an illustrated excursion round the coastal remains of the industrial revolution are being the region. The first major exhibition area in lim+kilns of 18th and 19th century Pembrokeshire rescued and refurbished to pro/ide a unique the new Museum will be in the former 1860 from Newquay and Fishguard to Tenby, combining complex of museums, visitors centre, exhibition LNWR goods warehouse. Known as the Power this with abstracts from Port-books and a series of hall and hotels - all set in an environment which Exhibition Hall, it will tell the storv of maps and diagrams showing the decline of the provides magnif icent material for studies in industrial power. Many of the exhibits have small agricultural lime-kilns once the railway industrial archaeology and local history. been built in the Manchester area - Crossley, network made larger units a viable proposition. The Air and Space Museum has already Gardner and Rolls Royce engines, Beyer Pea David Bick, representing the GSIA described opened in the former City Hall (a Grade ll cock locomotives. and electrical generators by limekilns in the vicinity of Newent, Glos which listed building of iron framed construction with Mather and Platt, Ferranti, and Metrooolitan- were of massive and quite unusual construction. glass infill, over one hundred years old). The Vickers. Adjacent to the Power Exhibition Davids slides also showed an object lesson in Museum is the result of coooeration between Hall, lengths of rail track, connected to the extempore excavation techniques Faced with the Manchester City Council and the Royal Air main line system of British Rail, will allow the usual infil of soil and debris plus his insatiable Force Museum at Hendon and the vigour with trains and steam engines to make short journeys curiosity to know what was between the mouth which the project has been pursued mirrors the for passengers. A recently refurbished overhead and the eye of the kiln, he commandeered a confidence behind the whole Castlefield crane gantry forms a strik ing feature here. couple of ladders and a bucket and with typical scheme. Manchester's links with aviation go After years of uncertainty and procrastina Bick-like ingenuity, constructed a bi-pod to back to the early days of the century, particularly tion, the redevelopment of Centrll StEtion enable the kiln shaft to be cleared, measured the firm of A V Roe whose first factory still (opened 1880, closed 1967) is well under wav. and drawn, stands in Manchester (Brownsf ield Mill, The splendid train hall with its single span Michael Messenger is primarily interested in Ancoats). Although it has not been possible to overall roof of segmented steel arches transport history spiced with excursions into place among the exhibits a Lancaster (made in cantilevered out from the side walls (the second financial matters (as befits the Al A treasurer) and he great numbers during the war at Chadderton), largest span in Britain) is being converted into an gave several examples of limekilns which had been the ancestral line of that famous four-engined exhibition centre and indoor arena of 10,000 built as speculative ventures and several more where bomber is represented by an Avro Shackleton squarefeet.l Opposite is the Midland Hotel interesting remains, easily overlooked by less AEW 2. The magnif icent display of aircraft (1898) recently purchased from British Rail by expert observers, remained as memorials to the includes Supermaine Spitfire Vb, Roe Triplane the Greater Manchester Council. The other ingenuity of the builders of inclinedplares, tranF replica, Hawker Hunter F4, Avro 7O7 A, De major building on the site - the massive Grert roads and esoteric devices aimed at getting raw Havilland Vampire F86, Cayley Glider replica, Northern Railway Company's goods warehouse materials to, and finished lime from, kilns The English Electric P1A, Newbury Eton Glider, (1897)- with its ribbed steel frame and final contributor to a memorable day was Martin Bristol Belvedere HCJ, Avro Avian, Miles concrete floors, is to be converted into a 4/5 star Watts who most people will know as a practical Magister, Scottish Aviation Pioneer CC!, incorporating a sports and leisure centre. These miller and enthusiast for wind and water oowered Kugisho Ohka and a Bristol Sycamore HR14. developments will ideally complement what is '1983, machinery. Martin showed photographs of a In September the f irst phase of the going on in the Castlefield conservation area water-wheel oowered limekiln winch at Moorswater Greater Manchester Museum of Science and barely one quarter of a mile away.

LIMEKILN AT MOORSWATEN, USKEARO CONNWALL NGR SX 236641 Drawn by Martin WatTs in 1978

friction drive and remains of brake \ \\tramroad__m incline\ \t/ I_)

7

East Looe River I Liverpool Road Passenger Station t- t\ 2 1830 Warehouse 3 1860 Goods Lty'arehouse

4 Byrom Street Warehouse

5 Ciry Hall

6 Free Library

7 Great Northern Railway Company's Goods Warehouse

I Central Station

9 Deansgate Station

l0 Site of Grocer's Warehouse N (James BrindleyJ

t 1l Castlefield Whart I 12 Merchants'Warehouse 200 yards 13 Duke's Lock

The Castlefield arca, Manchester 14 Roman Fort North Gate

The Roman Fon of Mamucium occupied a renovated building in the corner of Liverpool general neglect of these terraces, but they natural site on the edge of a red sandstone crag Road and Deansgate. This will also house the remain basically sound structures with consider- between the conf luence of the River Medlock Manchester Education Committee's U rban able ootential. and River lrwell. The north gate stood only a Studies Centre which provides guidance, resources lln the short term the pro.iect will safeguard few yards from the present Liverpool Road and well researched trails for students of all the structures and secure a major visual impacL opposite the Air and Space Museum. Excavations In the longer term it should also increase the here since the 1970s revealed a civilian settle- The tourist potential of the Castlefield area confidence of owners and potential investors in ment and industrial township, defence ditches, has lain latent for many years. Now, imaginative the future terraces, leading to new investment, fort walls and a roadway leading to the north. marketing is required to promote the develop better standards of maintenance, and a renewed The area has been landscaped into a grassed ment of the museums, and the refurbishment of life for the buildings. The works will comprise open space and a reconstruction of the north the buildings and other physical remains. To this the comprehensive restoration of the street gate has been built - with a rather incongruous end, only recently, discussions have taken place facades and roofs of these properties, including effect, some would feel. with the English Tourist Board to coordinate a the reinstatement of all defective and lost The remains of the fort were obliterated marketing policy on the American park theme building elements. when the canals and railways were built. The which will encourage visitors to spend days rather Sensitive and effective restoration is Victorian engineering of the railway viaducts than hours on visits. The Castlef ield Urban required, not only to ensure the preservation of and bridges is very impressive at Castlef ield, Heritage Park will revitalise this part of Manchester an important remnant of the City's Georgian particularly the decorative ironwork and and re-affirm nationally and internationally the legacy, but also to serve a useful future term of massive iron pillars. There are four separate industrial heritage so long neglected. life as an essential oart of the social fabric of the lines to distinguish here: Envi ronmental I mprovement Area. Derek Brumhead The North West Civic Trust is an indeoendent Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham North Hulme Centre, Manchester environmental charity concerned with promoting Railway 1849. excellence in our environment, and prwiding 2 Former line into Central Station 1877. Preservation of Liverpool's Georgian Legacy. a better olace in which to live and work. lt is Former line into the Great Northern Railwav The North West Civic Trust are pleased to announce currently involved in the Bold Street lmprove Goods Warehouse 1898. the commencement of the first ohase of street ment Scheme, Liverpool together with the The South Junction line (which goes under all improvement schemes f or three important terraces properties on the corner of Church Street and the orevious ones) from Castlefield to of listed buildings in Everton, Liverpool. The Banleigh Street which have already brought a Ordsall Lane and which joins the original first phase comprises 47-71 Everlon Road, situated drarnatic visual improvement to the area. Liverpool - Manchester line at the River within the Erskine Street Environmental lrwell. lmprovement Area, Liverpool 6. The scheme will Bury Firm cast Reproduction Shaft for Restored be grant aided by the Department of the Water-wheel. A Bury firm of paper machinery All this provides marvellous material for the Environment through the Liverpool Inner City makershas used modern foundry and machinery study of historical development and industrial Partnership Urban Programme. technology in a restoration project on a mill archaeology of this part of Manchester, particu- The grant aid follows an initial feasibility study which dates back to the industrial revolution. larly,nruhen one adds the Liverpool Road station carried out by the North West Civic Trust for Craftsmen from Beloit Walmsley were called in site and museums. Liverpool City Council to appraise the practical to Ouarry Bank Mill, Styal, Cheshire, to see if Further fundamental studies in transoort and administrative implications of potential street they could cast a water-wheel shaft. The former history and the early industrial revolution are inrprovement projects for three blocks of cotton mill has been restored as a workinq provided by the Bridgewater Clnal (1859) and properties in Everton Road and Shaw Street. museum. Rochdale Canal (1805) and associate physical All these terraces are typical, in terms of The huge water-wheel, measuring 32 ft in remains. There cannot be manv areas in Britain design and construction, of the originally diameter and21 ft wide, produced 100 hp for where such a rich residue of an industrial heritage substantial stock of sophisticated Georgian the mill's 305 looms, and was the power source is to be found in such a small area brick built housing constructed in the early part for the cotton manufacturing process lt was The opportunitieefor education are being of the 19th centurv and associated with Liver- built at a cost of f7,736 in 18.19 and increased rnet by the establishment of a Visitors' Centre pool's commercial hey-day. Subsequent social production by 150%, and remained in operation in the former public free library (1882), another and economic changes have resulted in the until 1903 when turbines were installed. n Mr. Stanley Tudge, casting sales manager for Newcomen Branches, The Newcomen Society Science and Technology, University of Beloit Walmsley said'The original shaft could for the Study of the History of Engineering and Manchester I nstitute of Science and Technology, not be repaired, and another one had been found Technology celebrated its Diamond Jubilee in P O Box 88, Manchester M60 1OZ. but was not suitable. We had to make our own 1980. The services which the Society can offer drawings by taking measurements from the old its members fall into two broad groups. Through The Historical Arsocirtion - with over 8,000 shaft, as there were no original plans available its publications, and particularly through its members sharing a common interest in history - Once it had been cast we were asked to oroduce widely-quoted and respected transactions, it is set to launch a new magazine for members - a new spoke housing as the existing one was disseminates all over the world the results of The Historian. beyond repair. lt was a very difficult job members' researches. And for those who live In addition io historical articles, features and because the spokes come out at different angles'. within travdling distance of London, it has for HA news, this magazine will be publishing 'After completion' he continued,'the shaft many decades held monthly meetings during the information about activities of interest to and spoke housing will be stored outside and winter mmths, usually at the Science Museum in members being organised by other bodies - for allowed to rust to bring them back into character South Kensington but occasionally at the example courses, conferences, ex hibitions, with the existing parts of the wheel'. premises of other learned societies and profession- outings and festivals. This well-illustrated Once the wheel is complete it will provide al institutions, where audiences of about one magazine will take the place of our members' power for old textile machinery on display hundred gather to hear papers and discuss them. newsletter The Kennington News, and we hope inside the museurn All members receive The Nancomen Bulletin that AIA members will take this opportunity to Ouarry Bank Mill was built in 1783 by three times each year, edited by John Boyes. publicise their activities Even if lack of space Samuel Greg, the son of a Belfast ship owner, Details and application forms from lan McNleil, prevents inclusion the information will be kept on the edge of the River Bollin when water was Executive Secretary, The Ne\r'/comen Society, on file and available to individual enquirers the main power source for cotton mills. At The Science Museum, South Kensington, The magazine will be published three times a its heighr the company operated 4,000 looms London SW7 2DD, tel. 01 5Bg 1793. year. Please give us plenty of time and submit and employed more than 2,000 people at six For those living outside the London area, the your information as soon as possible to the factories throughout the North West, including only point of contact with other members has f or Secretary, The Historical Association, 59a one at Bury. long been the Society's annual summer meeting Kennington Park Boad, London SE1 1 4JH. This article originally appeared in the Foundry lasting 4-5 days, deroted principally to visits to Trades Journal. industrial sites ard monurnents in a particular area, In order to maintain rnore regular contact The AIA are introducing a new seryice aimed at between members, the Society's Council has making more gererally known, the considerable encouraged the formation of regional branches. amount of news and comment which appears in One such branch has flourished for several vears newspapers and the specialist press on lA matters. in the Midlands, based on the Birmingham Called the AIA Abstracting Service it will depend Museum of Science and Industry with Charles entirely on you, the ordinary member, who is being Blick as the energetic Branch Secretary. Arthur D Dunn, a longstanding Canadian asked to make a brief note of that interestino item Charles has since handed over secretarial duties member of the Association for Industrial you have just read in, say, Country Life, The to James Andrew f rom whom further details Archaeology has written to us on the subject of Guardian, or New Scientist etc in order that: of Branch activities are available at 64 St Agnes machine tools. His address is 1287 Castlehill (a) it can be f iled and be recalled, Road, Moseley, Birmingham 813 9PN. In 1979 Crescent, Ottawa K2C 282, Ontario, Canada (b) the information can be brouqht to the notice of the Stephenson commemorative festivities in and members with anv information should other people who are interested in the subject the North East orovided a suitable focus for the contact him direct. Standard forms are available, an example is shown establishment of a North-Eastern Branch, and below, and these can be obtained from John Powell further details of its activities are available from Dear Sir at the lronbridge Gorge Museum Library. lt is hoped Robert Rennison, BSc, MICE, 25 Graham Park that readers of the Bulletin who regularly scan other Road, Gosforth, Newcastle on Tyne NE3 4BH, I would qpreciate your assistance in providing informed publications will take the trouble to More recently, a North Western branch has sone assistance. I am taking over the editor- complete an Abstracting form and return it, either been initiated through the efforts of Dr Richard ship of Tools and Tehnology, an oryan of the singlyorinaconvenientsizedbatch,toJohn. The Hillsof theNorthWestMuseumofScienceand Atnerican Prrcision Museum in Windsor, form is printed on NCR (no carbon required) paper Industry, Dr J O Marsh and others in the Vermont. Tools and Technology is founded which will enable a copy to be retained by the Manchester area. Aprogramme of Branch upon the development of the machine tool, and contributor. The Abstracts will then be sorted. activities has been drawn up and a bulletin ilte musanm in Windsor is luated in the former tabulated and published, either in the Review or the launched. Furtherdetails can be obtained from f*tory of Robbins and Lawrence, manufactrtrers Bulletin. J O Marsh MSc, at Department of History of of rifles and dle makers of the ancesters of the hmous Winchester rifle'dlat won be West'. This plant also made'Enfield'models for the British Government of which 25,0O0 were made for the Crimean War, and producd the machine tuoj"'nlJ,,t' tools to equip the Enfield Works, near London, AIAAbst rect E/"or.), f,. ;bq. for the manuf*Atre of interchangcable parts of weryons during the mid l9th cenwry. Trtte 'otJ l/"/431o,. The Musanm has a very interesting fr, l.ilf ?oorLs' collection of machines, some of vvhich are AuIhor f/,dl Honu guite unigue, and is located in a very Publication Nett ufetaqhtt Volunelf Nunberg4}ate ? J?IPJ picturesque pan of Vetmont, probably one of the prettiest states in America Toof s and Technology is genenlly based upon American machine tools, but as dte machine tool is not an American device, it also had a prehistory. and will in future include anydting d'tat relates to the history of machine tools Comments apprcpilate to this basic premise will be appreiated from AtA memberc Photographs of eguipment and tools, and d'te txhnology involved wanld also be appreciated.

Sincerely Arthur Dunn 9 as a tanyard building. The Museum was able io rescue the main components of the building and to reconstruct them at Amberley, using Grant

Purbeck, the Portsmouth Dockvard Historical depends on material from you I send any information which cannot be categorised Society, King Alf red's College Group, the Many of you may not have written articles to the AIA Assistant Secretarv (Stuart Smith) at Hampshire Mills Group and a Trust working at for journals before. A series of guidelines for lronbridge. Bursledon Windmill and Castleton Waterwheel. prospective authors is being prepared and will be Publication dates for Bulletin issues will be: This exciting project to keep members in sent on requesl Please write before you produce Number 1: Mid-November with a'copy date' contact over a wide area is being coordinated your material in its f inal form, as this could save of Seotember 1 sth. by the Secretary of the Southampton I ndustrial time later on. lf, however, you already have an Number 2: Mid-February (December 1Sth). Archaeology Group, Mrs Pamela Moore, 52Park article you are longing to see in print, do send it Number 3: Mid-May (March 15th). Lane, Fareham, Hants PO16 7LB, and those and vou will be advised on what needs to be Number 4: End of August (June 1Sth). interested in subscribing to the Newsletter done to fit it into the Review. The Editors should contact her direct reserve the right both to refuse and to edit articles so that we can maintain both the balance Gloucestershire Society for Industrial and standard of the Review AIABuriletnn Archreology. The 1982 Journal for the Please write to Dr Marilyn Palmer, The rssN 03Gf-oos1. Gloucestershire Society has just been published History Department, Loughborough University, and contains excellent articles of wider interest Loughborough, Leicestershire LE1 1 3TU and as ls edited by Roy Day from 3 Oakfield Road, than Gloucestershire. There is a leading article soon as oossible. Keynsham, Bristol BSlS lJAand is published by on the origins of the Cinderford Coke lron the Association for lndustrial Archaeology. The Furnace and cloth mills along the Painswick As the Association (and the AIA Bulletin)enters AIA was established in September 1973 to Stream. Two articles on tramroads concern the its eleventh year it would seem appropriate to promote the study of lndustrial Archeology Bullo Pill and the Forest of Dean tramroads. An mention Council's thoughts concerning the future and encourage improved shndards of recording, article on the Lightmoor Colliery winding engine of the Bulletin now that it is to be joined by a research, conservation and publication, lt aims contains some excellent illustrations and the wholly AIA produced Journal. The editors of to assist and support regional and specialist future of the Gloucester Docks is also discussed. the new Journal, Marilyn and David Palmer, are survey and research groups and bodies Further details of the Society can be obtained aiming to produce the first of the new series in involved in the preseruation of industrial from the Secretary, Dr Ray Wilson, Oak House, the Summer of 1984 and by then a firm, but monuments, to represent the interest of Hamshill, Coaley, Durslev, Gloucestershire. flexible, policy will have been established for the lndustrial Archaeology at national level, to hold integration of the two publications. conferences and seminars and to publish the North Western Society for lA rnd History. No great changes are planned but there are resulF of research. Further details may be Journal 3 of the above Society has just been two outstanding points which will have to be obained from the Membership Secretary, published and contains excellent articles on taken into account: Asociation for lndustrial Archaeology, The steam generation at Edge Hill Liverpool and UUharfage, I ron bridge, Tel ford, Sh ropshi re, William Gossage and the Widnes soap industry. I For the first time both the Bulletin and the TF8 7AW England. Telephone O9U24e3522 t2