DOCSLIB.ORG

2010 – Trondheim, Norway

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2010 – Trondheim, Norway European Academmy of Wind Energy 6th PhD Seminar on ceedings o Wind Energgy in Europe NTNU Trondheim, Norway 30th September and 1st October 2010 Seminar Pr NTNU EAWE y of Wind Energy y e and e Technology c m European Acade n University of Scien n Norwegia European Academy of Wind Energy Norwegian University of Science and Technology Seminar Proceedings 6th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) 30th September and 1st October 2010 Trondheim, Norway Organised by NTNU for European Academy of Wind Energy (EAWE) Trondheim, September 2010 European Academy of Wind Energy Norwegian University of Science and Technology EAWE Steering Committee President: Mr. Félix Avia Aranda National Renewable Energy Centre (CENER), Spain Vice President: Prof. Peter Tavner Durham University, UK Secretary: Maren Wagner Local Organising Committee Chair: Prof. Geir Moe NTNU, Norway Editors: Mr. Daniel Zwick NTNU, Norway Ms. Marit Irene Kvittem NTNU, Norway Mr. Raymundo Torres Olguin NTNU, Norway 1st Edition, Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2010 Printed: 150 copies Press date: September 2010 © Copyright 2010 by paper authors Contents 1 Session 1 - Introduction to Wind Energy 1 1.1 Hybrid life-cycle assessment of wind power . .3 1.2 Wind energy research in the age of massively parallel computers . .7 1.3 The correlation between Wind Turbine Turbulence and Failure - Pre- liminary Work . 11 1.4 Forecasting of wind turbine loads based on SCADA data . 17 2 Session 2 - Control and Design of Wind Turbines 23 2.1 Optimal Operation Planning for Wind Farms . 25 2.2 Yaw stability of a free-yawing 3-bladed downwind wind turbine . 29 2.3 Aerodynamics of Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbines . 33 3 Session 3A - Rotor Design I 37 3.1 Bond Graph Modelling of Wind Turbine Rotor . 39 3.2 Modelling the Aerodynamics of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Urban Wind Conditions . 43 3.3 Comparative Study of Distributed Active Load Control Concepts for Wind Turbine Blades . 47 3.4 Root Flow Aerodynamic Investigation of a HAWT . 53 4 Session 3B - Dynamic Loading of Support Structure, Blades and Drive Train 57 4.1 Effect of Foundation Modeling Methodology on the Dynamic Re- sponse of Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures . 59 4.2 Sizing Process of a Semi-Submersible for Offshore Wind Generation 65 i 4.3 Evaluation of Dual Axis Resonant Testing of Wind Turbine Blades . 70 4.4 Simulation and verification of the interaction of the dynamics of the all system with the loading of the main components of wind turbines . 74 5 Session 4A - Rotor Design II 79 5.1 Multidisciplinary Optimization of Flatback Airfoils for Large Wind Tur- bine Blades . 81 5.2 Unsteady Quasi 3D Aerodynamic Code for Analyzing Dynamic Flap and Sensor Response . 85 5.3 Stochastic modelling of lift dynamics in turbulent inflows . 86 5.4 Conceptual Design of a Stall-Regulated Rotor for a Deepwater Off- shore Wind Turbine . 90 6 Session 4B - Maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines 95 6.1 Analysis framework for the reliability and maintainability of offshore wind Turbines . 97 6.2 Risk based maintenance of offshore wind turbines using Bayesian networks................................. 101 6.3 Remote Presence, Cost-Effective Robotic Inspection and Mainte- nance of Offshore Wind Turbines . 105 6.4 Condition monitoring methods for offshore wind turbines . 109 7 Session 5A - Wind Field Measurements and Simulations I 111 7.1 Multifractal Analysis and Simulation of Wind Energy Fluctuations . 113 7.2 Intermittent Structures in Atmospheric Wind Fields . 118 7.3 Turbulent Flow over Hills and a Call for Guidelines in Wind Tunnel Simulation . 122 7.4 Physical Modelling of a Wind Turbine . 127 8 Session 5B - Grid Integration of Wind Farms 131 8.1 A North Sea Super Grid for Offshore Wind Integration . 133 8.2 Simulation of the Impact of Larger Offshore Wind Farm on System Stability . 141 8.3 Dynamic Modelling of Wind Turbine and Power System for Fault Ride-through Analysis . 145 8.4 Large Scale energy storage for a 100% renewable electricity system in Germany . 149 9 Session 6A - Wind Field Measurements and Simulations II 155 ii 9.1 The 2D lid-driven cavity - Validation of CFD code to model non- Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer Conditions . 157 9.2 Forest Winds in Complex Terrain . 161 9.3 Physical and Numerical Modelling of Flow over a Real Complex Terrain165 9.4 Modelling of atmospheric boundary layer: Generation of shear profile in wind tunnel . 170 10 Session 6B - Electrical Power Production and Transmission 181 10.1 Wet Mateable Connectors for Flexible Offshore Installations . 183 10.2 The Effect of Wind Energy . 187 10.3 Analysis of Switching Transients in Offshore Wind Parks with Focus on Prevention of Destructive Effects . 188 10.4 Worst Asymmetrical Short-Circuit Current . 193 11 Postersession P1 - Wind Field Measurements and Simulations 203 11.1 Flow Measurements in complex terrain using a 3D LIDAR Wind- scanner . 205 11.2 Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) Measurement uncertainty in com- plex terrain . 209 11.3 Yaw Error Estimation Using Spinner Based LIDAR . 214 11.4 MCMC simulation of wind speed time series . 218 11.5 New Model Development Concerning Turbulence and Wakes . 223 11.6 Assessing wind energy potential using the high resolution meso- scale model RAMS . 227 11.7 Simulation and Prediction of Wakes and Wake Interaction in Wind Farms .................................. 231 11.8 Downscaling of extreme wind using CFD . 235 12 Postersession P2 - Electrical Operation, Structural Design and Mainte- nance 239 12.1 State of the Art on Generator Technology for Wind Power Plants . 241 12.2 Contribution to Study of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators: Opera- tion under Network Disturbances . 245 12.3 A model based controller for Hybrid HVDC using in Offshore Wind Farms .................................. 249 12.4 Loads and dynamics in lattice tower support structures for offshore wind turbines . 255 12.5 Novel coating system for rotating parts in offshore wind turbines . 259 iii 13 Postersession P3 - Rotor Design, Control and General Aspects 265 13.1 Root flapwise moment on downwind and upwind rotors with truss and tubular towers . 267 13.2 Models for global and local loads on wind turbines . 272 13.3 A numerical and analytical investigation of blade fatigue loads on the NREL 5MW wind turbine . 276 13.4 A Framework for Integrated Control System and Aeroelastic Design of Wind Turbines . 280 13.5 Temporary Rotor Inertial Control of Wind Turbine to Support the Grid Frequency Regulation . 284 13.6 Dynamic analysis of wind turbines from an integrated perspective . 289 13.7 Space-related conflicts over offshore wind farms . 295 iv Part 1 Session 1 - Introduction to Wind Energy • Hybrid life-cycle assessment of wind power Anders Arvesen, NTNU • Wind energy research in the age of massively parallel computers Michael Muskulus, NTNU • The correlation between Wind Turbine Turbulence and Failure-Preliminary Work Peter Tavner, Durham University • Forecasting of wind turbine loads based on SCADA data Claudia Hofemann, TU Delft 1 2 European Academy of Wind Energy Norwegian University of Science and Technology Hybrid life-cycle assessment of wind power Anders Arvesen, Edgar Hertwich Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT Typically foreseen paths to renewable energy supply imply that a massive expansion of the wind power industry and its supply network will take place in coming decades. Despite the renewable nature of wind energy conversion, non-renewable resource inputs and emissions occur in the life-cycle of wind energy systems. Using a hybrid life-cycle assessment methodology, we quantify and assess the environmental impacts associated with the supply of 1 kWh of electricity from wind power. Furthermore, scenario analysis is performed to study economy-wide implications of existing projections for wind power development. KEYWORDS Life-cycle assessment (LCA); Wind power; Environmental management; Energy scenarios. 1 INTRODUCTION Wind power is generally seen as a key technology in achieving the desired shift to renewable energy sources. Despite the renewable nature of wind energy conversion, non-renewable resource inputs and emissions occur in the life-cycle of wind energy systems. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is the appropriate tool for quantifying and assessing resource use and emissions generated throughout a product’s life-cycle. A systematic mapping of resource use and emissions of wind power can be valuable by documenting the technology’s environmental performance and, possibly, its superiority over competing options. Furthermore, it may assist in developing system designs and strategies for maximizing the environmental benefits of wind power. In this work, we employ LCA methodology to analyze emissions associated with supply of 1 kWh electricity from a generic onshore wind farm. By scaling unit-based results according to existing projections of wind power development, we estimate life-cycle carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with global wind power development towards 2050. The results presented here are preliminary. [email protected] 3 European Academy of Wind Energy Norwegian University of Science and Technology 2 METHODS AND DATA 2.1 Unit-based analysis LCA is a standardized and increasingly applied tool to quantify and assess the environmental impacts of products and services [1, 2]. It involves a systematic mapping of resource use and emissions occurring in a network of operations. There are two prevailing approaches to LCA; a bottom-up, engineering approach, and a top-down, economic approach. In this work we combine the two approaches in what is commonly referred to as hybrid LCA methodology. Our data sources include miscellaneous industry reports, a commercial LCA database [3], and wind power cost breakdowns [4-6]. The system of analysis includes wind turbines, concrete foundations, electrical connections, transportation activities, installation, maintenance, and decommissioning. Basic assumptions regarding the modeled wind farm are shown in Table 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SRI: Wind Power Generation Project Main Report
    Environment Impact Assessment (Draft) May 2017 SRI: Wind Power Generation Project Main Report Prepared by Ceylon Electricity Board, Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 May 2017) Currency unit – Sri Lankan rupee/s(SLRe/SLRs) SLRe 1.00 = $0.00655 $1.00 = SLRs 152.70 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CCD – Coast Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Department CEA – Central Environmental Authority CEB – Ceylon Electricity Board DoF – Department of Forest DS – District Secretary DSD – District Secretaries Division DWC – Department of Wildlife Conservation EA – executing agency EIA – environmental impact assessment EMoP – environmental monitoring plan EMP – environmental management plan EPC – engineering,procurement and construction GND – Grama Niladhari GoSL – Government of Sri Lanka GRM – grievance redress mechanism IA – implementing agency IEE – initial environmental examination LA – Local Authority LARC – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Committee MPRE – Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy MSL – mean sea level NARA – National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency NEA – National Environmental Act PIU – project implementation unit PRDA – Provincial Road Development Authority PUCSL – Public Utility Commission of Sri Lanka RDA – Road Development Authority RE – Rural Electrification RoW – right of way SLSEA – Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority WT – wind turbine WEIGHTS AND MEASURES GWh – 1 gigawatt hour = 1,000 Megawatt hour 1 ha – 1 hectare=10,000 square meters km – 1 kilometre = 1,000 meters kV – 1 kilovolt =1,000 volts MW – 1 megawatt = 1,000 Kilowatt NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit 11R Drawings and Specifications of Gamesa Eolica
    Exhibit 11R Drawings and Specifications of Gamesa Eolica Wind Turbines The Applicant plans to use Gamesa G90 Wind Turbines at the Marble River Wind Farm (see enclosure #1, press announcement of purchase of Gamesa turbines). Gamesa is a leading company in the design, manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance of wind turbines. In 2004, Gamesa was ranked second worldwide in a ranking of the Top 10 wind turbine manufacturers by BTM Consult, with a market share of 18.1%. In Spain, Gamesa Eólica is the leading manufacturer and supplier of wind turbines, with a market share of 56.8% in 2004. One of the partners in the Marble River Wind Farm, Acciona, has had a significant and successful history with Gamesa turbines. Gamesa has used the experience gained in its home market to develop a robust, adaptable wind turbine suitable for most wind conditions in the USA. Gamesa Wind US will carry out a major portion of the manufacturing of the wind turbines planned for Marble River in the Mid-Atlantic region, where Gamesa is already active in development and construction of wind energy projects. Gamesa G90 The Gamesa G90 is a 2-MW, three-bladed, upwind pitch regulated and active yaw wind turbine. The G90 has a blade length of 44m which, when added to the diameter of the hub, gives a total diameter of 90m and a swept area of 6362m2. The turbine blades are bolted to a hub at the low speed end of a 1:120 ratio gear box. Enclosure #2, G90-2.0MW, contains a picture of the G90 with a summary of the technical data.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development
    U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Navigant Consulting, Inc. 77 Bedford Street Suite 400 Burlington, MA 01803-5154 781.270.8314 www.navigant.com February 22, 2013 U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Document Number DE-EE0005364 Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Michael Hahn Cash Fitzpatrick Gary Norton Prepared by: Navigant Consulting, Inc. Bruce Hamilton, Principal Investigator Lindsay Battenberg Mark Bielecki Charlie Bloch Terese Decker Lisa Frantzis Aris Karcanias Birger Madsen Jay Paidipati Andy Wickless Feng Zhao Navigant Consortium member organizations Key Contributors American Wind Energy Association Jeff Anthony and Chris Long Great Lakes Wind Collaborative John Hummer and Victoria Pebbles Green Giraffe Energy Bankers Marie DeGraaf, Jérôme Guillet, and Niels Jongste National Renewable Energy Laboratory David Keyser and Eric Lantz Ocean & Coastal Consultants (a COWI company) Brent D. Cooper, P.E., Joe Marrone, P.E., and Stanley M. White, P.E., D.PE, D.CE Tetra Tech EC, Inc. Michael D. Ernst, Esq. Notice and Disclaimer This report was prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc. for the use of the U.S. Department of Energy – who supported this effort under Award Number DE-EE0005364. The work presented in this report represents our best efforts and judgments based on the information available at the time this report was prepared. Navigant Consulting, Inc. is not responsible for the reader’s use of, or reliance upon, the report, nor any decisions based on the report. NAVIGANT CONSULTING, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. Readers of the report are advised that they assume all liabilities incurred by them, or third parties, as a result of their reliance on the report, or the data, information, findings and opinions contained in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Power Technology Knowledge Sharing, Provided by SKF 28
    EVOLUTION A SELECTION OF ARTICLES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED IN EVOLUTION, A BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE FROM SKF WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE SHARING, PROVIDED BY SKF 28 30 ContentsA selection of articles previously published in Evolution, a business and technology magazine issued by SKF. 03 Robust measures Premature bearing failures in wind gearboxes 32 14 and white etching cracks. 14 Dark forces How black oxide-coated bearings can make an impact on cutting O&M costs for wind turbines. 20 A flexibile choice SKF’s high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings are specifically designed for wind turbine gearbox applications. 23 Marble arts Developments in ceramic bearing balls for high- performance applications. 28 Wind powering the US The United States is increasingly looking to the skies to find new energy. 30 Spin doctors Engineering company Sincro Mecánica helps to make sure ageing turbines stay productive at Spain’s leading wind farms. 32 Improved efficiency A successfull cooperation of companies within the SKF Group has led to the development of an improved pump unit for centralized lubrication 20 systems. 2 evolution.skf.com 3 PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO Premature bearing failures in wind gearboxes and white etching cracks (WEC) Wind turbine gearboxes are subjected to a wide variety of operating conditions, some of which may push the bearings beyond their limits. Damage may be done to the bearings, resulting in a specific premature failure mode known as white etching cracks (WEC), sometimes called brittle, short-life, early, abnormal or white structured flaking (WSF). Measures to make the bearings more robust in these operating conditions are discussed in this article.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Art of Aerolastic Codes for Wind Turbine Calculations
    PH* o S & %,N f=JT - 2>*f - - MZL INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research and Development of Wind Turbine Systems ANNEX XI 28th Meeting of Experts State of the Art of Aerolastic Codes for Wind Turbine Calculations Lyngby, April 11-12,1996 Organized by : The Technical University of Denmark IS unlimited Scientific Coordination : B. Maribo Pedersen Dept, of Fluid Mechanics Technical University of Denmark jMfiXCimjxiow-^cjruiejt304MjuuMCJM3CJ»-ju^ww---^ INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research and Development of Wind Turbine Systems ANNEX XI C D h) \r - 9G o tj f(jG — <U iETqr - O - -oH Ji G 28th Meeting of Experts State of the Art of Aerolastic Codes for Wind Turbine Calculations Lyngby, April 11-12,1996 Organized by : The Technical University of Denmark asffiBUimoFiHns %y-S Scientific Coordination : B. Maribo Pedersen Dept, of Fluid Mechanics Technical University of Denmark ISSN 0590-8809 r - DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. I CONTENTS page B. MAREBO PEDERSEN 1 Introductory Note D.C.QUARTON 3 Calculation of Wind Turbine Aeroelastic Behaviour The Garrad Hassan Approach C. LINDENBURG 13 Results of the PHATAS-m Development ALAN D. WRIGHT 25 Aeroelastic Code Development Activities in the United States L. N.FREEMAN and R.E.WILSON 37 The FAST Code G.GIANNAKIDIS and J.M.R.GRAHAM 57 Prediction of H.A.W.T. Blade Stall and Performance STIG 0YE 71 FLEX 4, Simulation of Wind Turbine Dynamics HANS GANANDER 77 The VIDYN - Story M.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 2MW Platform - Onshore
    GE Renewable Energy - Original Document - Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 2MW Platform - Onshore Technical Description and Data Applicable for Wind Turbine Generators from 2.0 MW to 2.8 MW with 116 m and 127 m Rotor Diameter Rev. 05 - EN 2018-12-13 imagination at work © 2018 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. GE Renewable Energy - Original Document - Visit us at www.gerenewableenergy.com All technical data is subject to change in line with ongoing technical development! Copyright and patent rights This document is to be treated confidentially. It may only be made accessible to authorized persons. It may only be made available to third parties with the expressed written consent of General Electric Company. All documents are copyrighted within the meaning of the Copyright Act. The transmission and reproduction of the documents, also in extracts, as well as the exploitation and communication of the contents are not allowed without express written consent. Contraventions are liable to prosecution and compensation for damage. We reserve all rights for the exercise of commercial patent rights. 2018 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. GE and the GE Monogram are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company. Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. imagination at work General_Description_2.0-2.8-116_127-xxHz_2MW_EN_r05.docx GE Renewable Energy - Original Document - Technical Description and Data Table
    [Show full text]
  • Selection Guidelines for Wind Energy Technologies
    energies Review Selection Guidelines for Wind Energy Technologies A. G. Olabi 1,2,*, Tabbi Wilberforce 2, Khaled Elsaid 3,* , Tareq Salameh 1, Enas Taha Sayed 4,5, Khaled Saleh Husain 1 and Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem 1,4,5,* 1 Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (K.S.H.) 2 Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; [email protected] 3 Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A & M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar 4 Centre for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] 5 Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minya 615193, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.G.O.); [email protected] (K.E.); [email protected] (M.A.A.) Abstract: The building block of all economies across the world is subject to the medium in which energy is harnessed. Renewable energy is currently one of the recommended substitutes for fossil fuels due to its environmentally friendly nature. Wind energy, which is considered as one of the promising renewable energy forms, has gained lots of attention in the last few decades due to its sustainability as well as viability. This review presents a detailed investigation into this technology as well as factors impeding its commercialization. General selection guidelines for the available wind turbine technologies are presented. Prospects of various components associated with wind energy conversion systems are thoroughly discussed with their limitations equally captured in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Wind Mill Yaw Bearing Using E-Glass Material
    ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Website: www.ijirset.com Vol. 6, Issue 9, September 2017 Investigation of Wind Mill Yaw Bearing Using E-Glass Material Maharshi Singh, L.Natrayan, M.Senthil Kumar. School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. ABSTRACT: Wind-turbine yaw drive endures to display a high rate of rapid failure in meanness of use of the best in current design performs. Subsequently yaw bearing is one of the priciest components of a yaw drive in wind turbine, higher-than-expected failure tariffsgrowth cost of energy. Supreme of the difficulties in wind-turbine yaw drive appear to discharge from bearings. Yaw bearing is located between the Tower and Nacelle portion of the Wind Turbine and slews shadow the wind way.The modelling of yaw bearing is done using Pro-E and fatigue life and static loading capacity are investigated by ANSYS. There is a gear positioned on the outer ring of the bearing and the Yaw Drive Motor is mated with this gear. The gear controls the angle control relative to the direction of the wind. This bearing gathering consists of an Outer ring, Inner ring, balls, and seal. Surviving yaw bearing made up of Carbon and Low Alloyed steels, High Alloyed Steels and Super Alloys. In this yaw bearing constitutes fairly accurate 25 tons of weight. So we categorical to diminish the weight of yaw bearings using composite materials. KEYWORDS:Yaw Bearing,Composite Material, Ansys, Fatigue Life, Yaw Drive, Static Load.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 3.6-137 - 50/60 Hz
    GE Renewable Energy -Original- Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 3.6-137 - 50/60 Hz Technical Description and Data imagination at work © 2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. GE Renewable Energy -Original- www.gepower.com Visit us at https://renewables.gepower.com Copyright and patent rights All documents are copyrighted within the meaning of the Copyright Act. We reserve all rights for the exercise of commercial patent rights. 2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. This document is public. GE and are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company. Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. imagination at work General_Description_3.6-DFIG-137-xxHz_3MW_EN_r03.docx. GE Renewable Energy -Original- Technical Description and Data Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Technical Description of the Wind Turbine and Major Components ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Rotor .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Blades ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GCEP Energy Tutorial Wind 101 Patrick Riley October 14, 2014
    GCEP Energy Tutorial Wind 101 Patrick Riley October 14, 2014 Imagination at work. Agenda • Introduction & fundamentals • Wind resource • Aerodynamics & performance • Design loads & controls • Scaling • Farm Considerations • Technology Differentiators • Economics • Technology Development Areas GCEP Wind 101| 14 October 2014 2 © 2014 General Electric Company – All rights reserved Power from Wind Turbines Power in Wind 1 3 Pwind = 2 r v Area v = wind speed Extractable Power from Wind turbine Importance of site identification (local wind resource) & understanding of wind shear 1 3 Pwind = 2 cp r v Area Area = rotor swept area Power increases with rotor2 Cp = power coefficient a measure of aerodynamic efficiency of extracting energy from the wind GCEP Wind 101| 14 October 2014 3 © 2014 General Electric Company – All rights reserved Configurations Horizontal-Axis (HAWT) Vertical-Axis (VAWT) Upwind vs. Downwind Lift Based (Darrieus) vs. Drag-Based (Savonius) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Darrieus-windmill.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Savonius-rotor_en.svg Copyright 2007 aarchiba, used with permission. Copyright 2008 Ugo14, used with permission. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind.turbine.yaw.system.configurations.svg Copyright 2009 Hanuman Wind, used with permission. Number of Blades Airborne Wind Turbine Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_Pumping_ Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Airborne_wind_generator-en.svg Windmill.jpg Copyright 2008 James Provost, used with permission. Copyright 2008 Ben Franske, used with permission. GCEP Wind 101| 14 October 2014 4 © 2014 General Electric Company – All rights reserved Utility-Scale Turbine Types Convergence of industry Horizontal axis Upwind 3 blades Variable rotor speed Active (independent) pitch Main differentiators Direct drive vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 History
    CHAPTER 1 HISTORY 1.0 INTRODUCTION Since early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind. Wind energy propelled boats along the Nile River as early as 5000 B.C. By 200 B.C., simple windmills in China were pumping water, while vertical-axis windmills with woven reed sails were grinding grain in Persia and the Middle East. New ways of using the energy of the wind eventually spread around the world. By the 11th century, people in the Middle East were using windmills extensively for food production; returning merchants and crusaders carried this idea back to Europe. The Dutch refined the windmill and adapted it for draining lakes and marshes in the Rhine River Delta. When settlers took this technology to the New World in the late 19th century, they began using windmills to pump water for farms and ranches, and later, to generate electricity for homes and industry. Industrialization, first in Europe and later in America, led to a gradual decline in the use of windmills. The steam engine replaced European water-pumping windmills. In the 1930s, the Rural Electrification Administration's programs brought inexpensive electric power to most rural areas in the United States. However, industrialization also sparked the development of larger windmills to generate electricity. Commonly called wind turbines, these machines appeared in Denmark as early as 1890. In the 1940s the largest wind turbine of the time began operating on a Vermont hilltop known as Grandpa's Knob. This turbine, rated at 1.25 megawatts in winds of about 30 mph, fed electric power to the local utility network for several months during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Power #29 ¥ June / July 1992 HOME POWER
    SOLAREX FULL PAGE FULL COLOUR 2 Home Power #29 • June / July 1992 HOME POWER THE HANDS-ON JOURNAL OF HOME-MADE POWER Contents From us to YOU– 4 Things that Work!– 46 Kid's Corner– 74 Shake, Rattle, and Roll Bergey's 1.5 kw. Wind Generator Solar, Wind, and Solid Waste Systems– 6 Energy Fair!– 50 Home & Heart– 76 120 VDC Wind & PV Hybrid SEER '92, Willits, California Rockin' and Rollin' Systems– 14 Subscription Form– 51 Book Reviews– 78 Cartable Power Subscribe to Home Power! Buying Country Land Systems– 18 Things that Work!– 53 Happenings– 79 Utility Disconnect Bobier's LCB40 Renewable Energy Events Architecture– 22 Things that Work!– 56 The Wizard Speaks– 82 The Earth as a Perfect Blanket Ananda's Power Panel Where Everything Grows Energy Fair!– 26 Things that Work!– 58 Letters to Home Power– 83 Midwest RE Fair, Amherst, WI 12 Volt Products' Heating Pad Feedback from HP Readers Editorial– 28 Things that Work!–60 Q&A– 92 A Look Ahead SBCI's Solar Cooker Kit All manner of techie gore Editorial– 31 Heat– 62 Home Power's Business– 94 A Call to Action Solar Food Drying Advertising and Sub data Controls– 34 Things that Work!– 68 Home Power MicroAds– 95 Maximum Power Point Tracking PC Solar Program Unclassified Ads Safety– 38 Homebrew– 69 Index to HP Advertisers– 98 Understanding System Protection A Beginner's DC Power Supply For All Display Advertisers Batteries– 44 Back to the Basics– 72 Home Power Mercantile– 98 Healing Troubled Cells Terms of Enpowerment RE Businesses Access Think About It Cover Home Power Magazine "You don't need a weatherman to A Northern Power Systems HR3 POB 130 know which way the wind blows." wind generator powers the Cook's Hornbrook, CA 96044-0130 Farm in Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]