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Mobility of Nurses in Canada Mobility of Nurses in Canada November 2004 Building the Future: An integrated strategy for nursing human res o u r ces in Canada MOBILITY OF NURSES IN CANADA MOBILITY OF NURSES IN CANADA Mobility of Nurses in Canada This report is part of an overall project entitled Building the Future: An integrated strategy for nursing human resources in Canada. Mobility of Nurses in Canada © 2004 The work in this publication was provided to The Nursing Sector Study Corporation courtesy of/or under license from the respective authors. First edition: May 2004 (PDF); Revised edition: November 2004 (PDF) Publisher The Nursing Sector Study Corporation Authors Andrea Baumann RN, PhD Jennifer Blythe PhD Camille Kolotylo RN, PhD Jane Underwood RN, MBA Editor Maude Downey Translator France Jodoin Designer Fuse Communications and Public Affairs Project Management The Nursing Sector Study Corporation 99 Fifth Avenue, Suite 10 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5K4 Phone (613) 233-1950 E-mail [email protected] Website www.buildingthefuture.ca Mobility of Nurses in Canada (English, PDF) ISBN 0-9734932-2-4 Également disponible en français sous le titre: Mobilité des infirmières et infirmiers au Canada (document en français, PDF) This project is funded in part by the Government of Canada. The opinions and interpretation in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. Building the Future: An integrated strategy for nursing human res o u r ces in Canada MOBILITY OF NURSES IN CANADA Errata for Mobility of Nurses in Canada First edition: May 2004 (PDF); Revised edition: November 2004 (PDF) The following changes have been made to the revised edition of Mobility of Nurses in Canada. P. 5, line 11: “in Canada” added after “Also,” and the following text added at the end of the sentence, “(Exception: Saskatchewan has not had an education program for RPNs since 2001.)” P. 5, Section 2.1.3.: Second sentence has been changed from “RNs and LPNs are regulated in all provinces and territories whereas RPNs are unique to the four provinces of Western Canada.” to “In Canada, RNs and LPNs are regulated in all provinces and territories whereas RPNs are regulated only in the four provinces of Western Canada.” P. 42, First paragraph: Third sentence has been deleted, “Such a database would in fact be a regional database, encompassing the four provinces of Western Canada where RPNs are educated and regulated.” P. 42, Second paragraph has been replaced as follows: Previous paragraph: A new psychiatric nursing education program was introduced in Saskatchewan in 1996; however, Manitoba refused to license graduates of this program because of concern that it has insufficient psychiatric nursing content (Psychiatric Nursing Education, 2000). Alberta and British Columbia have expressed similar concerns (Psychiatric Nursing Education, 2000). Current paragraph: The first psychiatric nursing education program in Saskatchewan was established in 1930. This diploma program was integrated into the University of Saskatchewan’s College of Nursing in 1997. However, Manitoba refused to register graduates of this program because it had insufficient psychiatric nursing content. Alberta and British Columbia had similar concerns as did the Saskatchewan regulatory body. The program lost its approval status in 2001 and although the Saskatchewan government is actively involved in efforts to re-establish the program, there currently is no psychiatric nursing education program in Saskatchewan. (A. Osted, College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Manitoba, personal communication, November 4, 2004.) P. 47, last bullet in 6.3.2.: Second and third sentences replaced as follows. Previous text: Manitoba does not license graduates from Saskatchewan’s current RPN program. Thus, any migrants from Saskatchewan who are registered in Manitoba have likely graduated from either the previous program in Saskatchewan, or from elsewhere (Psychiatric Nursing Education, 2000). Building the Future: An integrated strategy for nursing human res o u r ces in Canada Page i MOBILITY OF NURSES IN CANADA Current text: There has been a mutual recognition/reciprocity agreement between the four regulatory bodies since 1979. When the Saskatchewan diploma program was integrated into the College of Nurses at the University of Saskatchewan, Manitoba stopped recognizing those new graduates. That program lost its approval status in 2001 and there is no current psychiatric nursing program in Saskatchewan. Therefore any Saskatchewan RPNs going to other provinces have graduated from a previous Saskatchewan program or from elsewhere. (A. Osted, College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Manitoba, personal communication, November 4, 2004.) P. 38 and P. 46: Bar charts have been replaced so they more accurately represent the data. Note there is no change in the data provided. Building the Future: An integrated strategy for nursing human res o u r ces in Canada Page ii MOBILITY OF NURSES IN CANADA Table of Contents Errata for Mobility of Nurses in Canada ................................................................................................i Preface ......................................................................................................................................................vi Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................4 2. Methods .............................................................................................................................................5 2.1. Search Strategies and Identification of Relevant Literature ......................................................5 2.1.1. Published Literature and Bibliographic Databases ..........................................................5 2.1.2. Grey Literature .................................................................................................................5 2.1.3. Data from Regulatory Bodies ..........................................................................................5 2.1.4. Statistical Data .................................................................................................................6 2.1.4.a. Compilation of Nursing Statistical Data .............................................................6 2.1.4.b. Description of Nursing Statistical Data ..............................................................7 2.2. Data Quality and Limitations .....................................................................................................8 3. Mobility Trends in the General Population .................................................................................10 3.1. Historical Trends (1961–1996) .................................................................................................10 3.1.1. Trends and Factors by Province .....................................................................................12 3.1.2. Gains and Losses ............................................................................................................14 3.2. Recent Trends (1996–2001) .....................................................................................................16 3.2.1. In-migration ....................................................................................................................16 3.2.2. Out-migration .................................................................................................................16 3.2.3. Gains and Losses ............................................................................................................17 4. Mobility of Registered Nurses (RNs ) ..........................................................................................19 4.1. RN Mobility in Ontario (1984–1989) ......................................................................................19 4.2. RN Mobility in the 1990s (1990–1997) ..................................................................................20 4.2.1. Mobility Factors .............................................................................................................21 4.3. RN Settlement Patterns in BC (1999, 2000) ............................................................................22 4.4. Recent RN Mobility, RNDB Data (2001–2002) ......................................................................24 4.4.1. Composition of Provincial/Territorial RN Workforce ...................................................25 4.4.2. Distribution of Canadian RN Graduates ........................................................................26 4.4.2.a. Gains and Losses ...............................................................................................29 4.5. Recent RN Mobility, Data from Regulatory Bodies (2001–2002) ..........................................30 4.5.1. Requests for Registration Verification of Credentials (2001) ........................................30 4.5.2. Actual Inter-jurisdictional Movement of RNs (1999–2002) .........................................31 5. Mobility of Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) ............................................................................33 5.1. LPN Settlement Patterns Within BC (1999, 2000) ..................................................................33 5.2. Recent LPN Mobility, LPNDB Data (2000–2002) .................................................................35
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