Section 230 Roundtable Bios
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Eugene Volokh
VOLOKH_FINAL.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 12/21/2011 5:47 PM ARTICLE FREEDOM FOR THE PRESS AS AN INDUSTRY, OR FOR THE PRESS AS A TECHNOLOGY? FROM THE FRAMING TO TODAY † EUGENE VOLOKH INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................461 I. EVIDENCE FROM AROUND THE FRAMING: THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS AS A RIGHT OF “EVERY FREEMAN” ............................465 A. Cases, Treatises, and Constitutions ..................................... 465 B. The Structure of the Framing-Era Newspaper Industry ........... 468 C. The (Possibly) Dissenting Sources ....................................... 471 D. The Grammatical Structure of “the Freedom of Speech, or of the Press” ................................................................. 472 E. Responding to the Redundancy Objection ............................ 475 II. EVIDENCE FROM AROUND THE FRAMING: THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS COVERING AUTHORS OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS ...............477 A. The Non-Press-as-Industry Status of Many Book and Pamphlet Authors ...................................................... 477 † Gary T. Schwartz Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law ([email protected]). Thanks to Stuart Banner, Stuart Minor Benjamin, Michael Kent Curtis, David Forte, Philip Hamburger, David Lange, Edward Lee, Renée Lerner, Adam Liptak, Michael McConnell, Jason C. Miller, Scot Powe, Saikrishna Prakash, David Rabban, Clyde Spillenger, Vladimir Volokh, and Steve Yeazell for their help, as well as to Amy Atchison, Kapiljeet Dargan, June Kim, Ian Leong, Lynn McClelland, Stephanie Plotin, Michael Rappaport, Vicki Steiner, and John Wilson of the UCLA Law Library for their invaluable research assistance. When the article was in page proofs, the author was considering representing the defendant in Obsidian Finance Group, LLC v. Cox, No. 11-0057, 2011 WL 5999334 (D. Or. Nov. 30, 2011); but this did not affect any aspect of the article, which was substan- tively complete long before Obsidian Finance was decided. -
The Federal Cyberstalking Statute, Content Discrimination and the First Amendment
The Federal Cyberstalking Statute, Content Discrimination and the First Amendment James Weinstein* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 2555 I. THE CONTESTED SCOPE OF THE RULE AGAINST CONTENT DISCRIMINATION .................................................................... 2559 A. The All-Inclusive Approach v. The Democratic Self- Governance Model ........................................................... 2560 B. Criticism of the All-Inclusive Approach............................ 2566 II. THE FEDERAL CYBERSTALKING STATUTE AND THE ALL- INCLUSIVE APPROACH ............................................................. 2569 III. THE FEDERAL CYBERSTALKING STATUTE AND THE DEMOCRATIC SELF-GOVERNANCE MODEL .............................. 2577 A. An Elaboration and Defense of the Democratic Self- Governance Model ........................................................... 2577 B. The Democratic Self-Governance Model and § 2261A(2)(B) ................................................................ 2580 C. Section 2261A(2)(B) Caselaw ......................................... 2584 * Copyright © 2021 James Weinstein. Dan Cracchiolo Chair in Constitutional Law, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, Arizona State University. I am grateful to Arthur Hellman, Robert Post, and the participants in the online symposium on “Cheap Speech Twenty-Five Years Later: Democracy & Public Discourse in the Digital Age” for their helpful comments and suggestions, and to law students Emiley Pagrabs -
Disciplining Judicial Interpretation of Fundamental Rights: First Amendment Decadence in Southworth and Boy Scouts of America and European Alternatives
Tulsa Law Review Volume 36 Issue 1 1999-2000 Supreme Court Review Fall 2000 Disciplining Judicial Interpretation of Fundamental Rights: First Amendment Decadence in Southworth and Boy Scouts of America and European Alternatives Larry Cata Backer Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Larry C. Backer, Disciplining Judicial Interpretation of Fundamental Rights: First Amendment Decadence in Southworth and Boy Scouts of America and European Alternatives, 36 Tulsa L. J. 117 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol36/iss1/5 This Supreme Court Review Symposia Articles is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized editor of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Backer: Disciplining Judicial Interpretation of Fundamental Rights: First DISCIPLINING JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS: FIRST AMENDMENT DECADENCE IN SOUTHWORTH AND BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA AND EUROPEAN ALTERNATIVES Larry Cata Backer* American constitutionaljurisprudence has entered a period of decadence. The characteristics of this decadence is much in evidence in the constitutional jurisprudence of the American Supreme Court:judicial arbitrariness,the use of interpretive doctrine as an end rather than a means, disregard of existing interpretivedoctrine and hyper-distinction of fact, doctrine as a smokescreenfor personal preference, and an inclination to permit the juridification of everyday life. Indeed, these characteristicsof decadence are made worse by a bloated and ill-defined catalogue of interpretive doctrine that veils all distortion of constitutional principle in the service of personal politics. -
1 To: Drafting Committee on Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate
To: Drafting Committee on Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate Images Act From: Mary Anne Franks, Reporter Subject: Explanatory Memo Date: December 2, 2016 I. The Issue The disclosure of private, sexually explicit images without consent and for no legitimate purpose – often referred to as “revenge porn” – causes immediate, devastating, and in many cases irreversible harm. A vengeful ex-partner, opportunistic hacker, or rapist can upload an explicit image of a victim to a website where thousands of people can view it and hundreds of other websites can share it. In a matter of days, that image can dominate the first several pages of search engine results for the victim’s name, as well as being emailed or otherwise exhibited to the victim’s family, employers, co-workers, and peers. Victims are frequently threatened with sexual assault, stalked, harassed, fired from jobs, and forced to change schools.1 Some victims have committed suicide.2 While nonconsensual pornography affects both male and female individuals, available evidence to date indicates that the majority of victims are women and girls and that women and girls face often more serious consequences as a result of their victimization.3 Nonconsensual pornography refers to sexually explicit images and video disclosed without consent and for no legitimate purpose. The term encompasses footage obtained by hidden cameras, consensually exchanged images within a confidential relationship, stolen photos, and recordings of sexual assaults. Nonconsensual pornography often plays a role in intimate -
Danielle Keats Citron, Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law
PREPARED WRITTEN TESTIMONY AND STATEMENT FOR THE RECORD FOR Danielle Keats Citron, Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law HEARING ON “Fostering a Healthier Internet to Protect Consumers” BEFORE THE House Committee on Energy and Commerce October 16, 2019 John D. Dingell Room, 2123, Rayburn House Office Building Washington, D.C. INTRODUCTION Thank you for inviting me to appear before you to testify about corporate responsibility for online activity and fostering a healthy internet to protect consumers. My name is Danielle Keats Citron. I am a Professor of Law at the Boston University School of Law. In addition to my home institution, I am an Affiliate Faculty at the Berkman Klein Center at Harvard Law School, Affiliate Scholar at Stanford Law School’s Center on Internet & Society, Affiliate Fellow at Yale Law School’s Information Society Project, and Tech Fellow at NYU Law’s Policing Project. I am also a 2019 MacArthur Fellow. My scholarship focuses on privacy, free speech, and civil rights. I have published more than 30 articles in major law reviews and more than 25 opinion pieces for major news outlets.1 My book Hate Crimes in Cyberspace tackled the phenomenon of cyber stalking and what law, companies, and society can do about it.2 As a member of the American Law Institute, I serve as an adviser on Restatement (Third) Torts: Defamation and Privacy and the Restatement (Third) Information Privacy Principles Project. In my own writing and with coauthors Benjamin Wittes, Robert Chesney, Quinta Jurecic, and Mary Anne Franks, I have explored the significance of Section 230 to civil rights and civil liberties in a digital age.3 * * * Summary: In the early days of the commercial internet, lawmakers recognized that federal agencies could not possibly tackle all noxious activity online. -
Information Libertarianism
Information Libertarianism Jane R. Bambauer & Derek E. Bambauer* Legal scholarship has attacked recent First Amendment jurisprudence as unprincipled: a deregulatory judicial agenda disguised as free speech protection. This scholarly trend is mistaken. Descriptively, free speech protections scrutinize only information regulation, usefully pushing government to employ more direct regulations with fewer collateral consequences. Even an expansive First Amendment is compatible with the regulatory state, rather than being inherently libertarian. Normatively, courts should be skeptical when the state tries to design socially beneficial censorship. This Article advances a structural theory that complements classic First Amendment rationales, arguing that information libertarianism has virtues that transcend political ideology. Regulating information is peculiarly difficult to do well. Cognitive biases cause regulators to systematically overstate risks of speech and to discount its benefits. Speech is strong in its capacity to change behavior, yet politically weak. It is a popular scapegoat for larger societal problems and its regulation is an attractive option for interest groups seeking an advantage. Collective action, public choice, and government entrenchment problems arise frequently. First Amendment safeguards provide a vital counterpressure. Information libertarianism encourages government to regulate conduct directly because when the state censors communication, the results are often DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38Z31NN40 Copyright -
“Revenge Porn” Law: a Guide for Legislators Mary Anne Franks
Drafting An Effective “Revenge Porn” Law: A Guide for Legislators Mary Anne Franks† Legislative and Tech Policy Director & Vice-President, Cyber Civil Rights Initiative Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law Updated September 22, 2016 Table of Contents I. Defining the Problem……………………………………. 2 II. Global and U.S. Legislative Efforts...…………………… 3 III. Elements of an Effective Law …………………………….5 IV. Model State Law..………………………………..……......10 V. Supplemental Resources: Revenge Porn Statistics……… 11 VI. Supplemental Resources: Case Studies..……………….. 13 a. Holly Jacobs……………………………………… 13 b. Alecia Crain……………………………………..... 14 c. “Sarah”…..….…………………………….….…… 14 d. Audrie Pott .………………………………….…... 14 e. Rehtaeh Parsons…………………………………...15 †Contact the author at [email protected]. 1 A GUIDE FOR LEGISLATORS Page 1 of 15 I. Defining the Problem The disclosure of sexually explicit images without consent and for no legitimate purpose –also known as “revenge porn” – causes immediate, devastating, and in many cases irreversible harm. A vengeful ex-partner, opportunistic hacker, or rapist can upload an explicit image of a victim to a website where thousands of people can view it and hundreds of other websites can share it. In a matter of days, that image can dominate the first several pages of search engine results for the victim’s name, as well as being emailed or otherwise exhibited to the victim’s family, employers, co-workers, and peers. Victims are frequently threatened with sexual assault, stalked, harassed, fired from jobs,2 and forced to change schools.3 Some victims have committed suicide.4 The term “revenge porn,” though popular, is misleading in two respects. First, perpetrators are not always motivated by vengeance. -
Free Speech According to Justice Kennedy Helen J
FIRST AMENDMENT LAW REVIEW Volume 6 | Issue 2 Article 3 3-1-2008 The uprS eme Court as Civic Educator: Free Speech according to Justice Kennedy Helen J. Knowles Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/falr Part of the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Helen J. Knowles, The Supreme Court as Civic Educator: Free Speech according to Justice Kennedy, 6 First Amend. L. Rev. 252 (2018). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/falr/vol6/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in First Amendment Law Review by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SUPREME COURT AS CIVIC EDUCATOR: FREE SPEECH ACCORDING TO JUSTICE KENNEDY HELEN J. KNOWLES* INTRODUCTION Recent analyses of the First Amendment free speech opinions of the Rehnquist Court have confirmed that decisions in this area of the law contradict the traditional ideological labels that scholars and other Court commentators routinely use to describe the Justices. However, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, whose opinions defined much of the Rehnquist Court's speech jurisprudence, is still described in terms of his First Amendment 'libertarianism.' In this article', I argue that this approach provides an inadequate understanding of this aspect of the judicial decision making of the Justice who is now the sole occupant of the 'swing' seat on the Roberts Court. Kennedy is a free speech libertarian. Rather than describing his opinions in terms of this ideology, however, Assistant Professor of Political Science, State University of New York at Oswego; B.A., Liverpool Hope University College; Ph.D., Boston University. -
The New Yorker’S (“The Arms Dealer,” P
MARCH 5, 2018 7 GOINGS ON ABOUT TOWN 19 THE TALK OF THE TOWN Amy Davidson Sorkin on Mueller’s indictments; charting hatred’s rise; Edna O’Brien takes her tea; Lincoln drawn from life; the shoemaker’s cameo. A REPORTER AT LARGE Mike Spies 24 The Arms Dealer A lobbyist’s influence over Florida’s lawmakers. THE CONTROL OF NATURE John McPhee 32 Direct Eye Contact Dreaming of seeing a bear outside the window. SHOUTS & MURMURS Larry David 35 No Way to Say Goodbye PROFILES Tad Friend 36 Donald Glover Can’t Save You The actor, producer, and musician writes his script. LETTER FROM MEDELLÍN Jon Lee Anderson 50 The Afterlife of Pablo Escobar How the drug kingpin became a global brand. FICTION Nicole Krauss 60 “Seeing Ershadi” THE CRITICS ON STAGE Hilton Als 67 The standup comedy of Tiffany Haddish. BOOKS Kelefa Sanneh 70 Jordan Peterson against liberal values. 75 Briefly Noted Laura Miller 76 Uzodinma Iweala’s “Speak No Evil.” THE ART WORLD Peter Schjeldahl 78 New radicals at the New Museum’s Triennial. POP MUSIC Hua Hsu 80 The fuzzy identities of U.S. Girls. POEMS Idea Vilariño 46 “Alms” Rachel Coye 64 “New Year” COVER Chris Ware “Golden Opportunity” DRAWINGS David Sipress, Carolita Johnson, Navied Mahdavian, Danny Shanahan, Roz Chast, Christopher Weyant, P. C. Vey, Pia Guerra, Will McPhail, Maddie Dai, Drew Dernavich, Barbara Smaller, Edward Steed, Paul Noth, Jason Adam Katzenstein SPOTS Sergio Membrillas Where to go, what to do. CONTRIBUTORS Try Goings On About Town Mike Spies Tad Friend online, The New Yorker’s (“The Arms Dealer,” p. -
Franks CV 3.12.14
MARY ANNE FRANKS Associate Professor of Law University of Miami School of Law• 1311 Miller Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146 (305) 284-5345 (office) • [email protected] EMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF LAW, July 2010 – present. Associate Professor of Law Courses: Family Law, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Seminar: Bias and the Law Independent Studies: Death Penalty, Same-Sex Marriage, Same-Sex Adoption, Incarceration, Law and Gender 2013 Hausler Golden Apple Teaching Award Nominee CYBER CIVIL RIGHTS INITIATIVE, August 2013-present Vice-President UNIVERSITY OF NAVARRA, PAMPLONA, SPAIN, November 2013. Visiting Professor Course: U.S. Criminal Law UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW SCHOOL, September 2008 – June 2010. Bigelow Fellow and Lecturer in Law; Faculty Affiliate, Center for Gender Studies Seminar: The Social Meaning of Crime; Legal Research and Writing THE SAB NEGOTIATION GROUP, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, Fall 2007 – 2009. Senior Consultant and Trainer HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Fall 2005 – June 2008 (4 Derek Bok Distinction in Teaching Awards) Lecturer, Department of Social Studies Seminar: Shouting Fire: Laws and Limits of Free Speech, spring 2008 Course: Social Studies 10: Introduction to Social Theory, full year 2007 Teaching Fellow, Government, Philosophy, and English Departments, fall 2005 – winter 2007 Courses: Justice, Existentialism in Literature and Film, Art and Thought of the Cold War CATHARINE MACKINNON, VISITING PROFESSOR, HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, Fall 2007. Research Assistant DEBEVOISE AND PLIMPTON, NEW YORK, Summer 2006. Summer Associate (received offer of permanent employment) INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC), THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS, June – August 2005. Law Clerk/Visiting Professional, Office of the Prosecutor (Investigations Division) QUINCY COLLEGE, QUINCY, MASSACHUSETTS, January 2004 - January 2005. -
Netizens a Feature Documentary Directed by Cynthia Lowen
NETIZENS A FEATURE DOCUMENTARY DIRECTED BY CYNTHIA LOWEN LOGLINE NETIZENS exposes the proliferation of cyber harassment faced by women, spreading from the web to the most intimate corners of their lives. As the internet emerges as the next frontier of civil rights, this feature documentary follows targets of harassment, along with lawyers, advocates, policymakers and others, as they confront digital abuse and strive for equality and justice online. SYNOPSIS Maybe it started with a menacing Tweet or an anonymous cyber-mob making threats on your life. Perhaps you Googled yourself to find websites claiming you were once a prostitute. Maybe strangers showed at your door seeking sex, because someone was impersonating you on dating sites. Perhaps your intimate images were being sold to the highest bidder on eBay. These are the stories at the center of NETIZENS, a feature documentary delving into the lives of women profoundly impacted by digital abuse. Carrie Goldberg is an attorney in New York City, who launches an internet privacy law firm in the wake of her own cyber harassment. Tina, in West Palm Beach, is a successful businesswoman whose career is derailed after an ex creates websites claiming she was once an escort. Detective Jenny Velazquez is a police officer with the Miami Beach Special Victims Unit, who’s investigating a prominent non-consensual pornography case. And San Francisco-based Anita Sarkeesian is the creator of a popular web-series, "Feminist Frequency", critiquing representations of women in video games, who is the target of a cyber-mob’s ongoing campaign of rape and death threats. -
Book Review Justice Beyond Dispute
BOOK REVIEW JUSTICE BEYOND DISPUTE DIGITAL JUSTICE: TECHNOLOGY AND THE INTERNET OF DISPUTES. By Ethan Katsh and Orna Rabinovich-Einy. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press. 2017. Pp. xi, 910. $24.95. Reviewed by Mary Anne Franks∗ I. INTRODUCTION Jiranuch Triratana was watching her brother scroll through his Facebook feed on April 24, 2017, when they came upon a startling live- stream broadcast. It was from Jiranuch’s boyfriend, Wuttisan Wongtalay.1 He was filming himself and the couple’s eleven-month-old daughter, Natalie, from the roof of a building.2 There was a rope tied around Natalie’s neck.3 As Jiranuch and her brother watched in horror, Wongtalay dropped the infant off the side of the building.4 Jiranuch alerted the police, who found the lifeless bodies of Natalie and her father hanging from ropes off the side of an abandoned hotel in Phuket a few hours later.5 Wongtalay had killed his daughter and then himself.6 Wongtalay’s smartphone was propped up against a nearby wall.7 The two Facebook Live videos showing Wongtalay murdering his daughter were available on the platform for roughly twenty-four hours.8 Before Facebook removed them, one video had been viewed 112,000 times and the other 258,000 times.9 Both had been uploaded to YouTube.10 Facebook responded with a statement that called the killing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ∗ Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law. 1 Agence France-Presse, Thai Mother Saw Daughter Being Killed on Facebook Live, THE GUARDIAN (Apr. 27, 2017, 2:49 AM), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/27/thai- mother-watched-daughter-being-killed-on-facebook-live [https://perma.cc/KFK6-5UXK].