Communities of Science: the Queen's Colleges and Scientific Culture in Provincial Ireland, 1845-75' (Phd, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2006), Pp
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Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Communities of science: the Queen’s Colleges and scientific culture in provincial Ireland, 1845-1875 Juliana Adelman Supervisor: Dr Aileen Fyfe Department of History Faculty of Arts National University of Ireland, Galway Submitted for the degree of PhD September 2006 55 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Contents Acknowledgements iii List of figures iv List of abbreviations vi Abstract xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Science in a divided community: politics, religion and 15 controversy in the founding of the Queen’s Colleges 3 Science in the community: voluntary societies in Cork 55 4 ‘Practical’ in practice: the agriculture diploma in Belfast 93 5 Improving museums: showcases of the natural world in 135 provincial Ireland 6 An invisible scientific community: the ‘Galway professors’ 172 and the Eozoön controversy 7 Conclusion 210 Bibliography 221 56 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr Aileen Fyfe, for guidance and encouragement throughout the researching and writing of this dissertation. Her conscientious reading (and re-reading) of multiple drafts has certainly made this dissertation much more than it might have been. I am also indebted to my husband, Martin Fanning, for his patience and emotional support as well as for reading several drafts of this work. Dr Elizabeth Neswald, Dr Mary Shine- Thompson and Dr Mary Harris also deserve thanks for taking the time to read part or all of the dissertation; their comments have greatly improved the final product. Thanks to the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, whose grant to Dr Fyfe provided my salary and travel allowance throughout the project, and the Moore Centre at the National University of Ireland, Galway (formerly the Centre for the Study of Human Settlement and Historical Change), which administered the grant and generously provided me with space to work. The Faculty of Arts also provided additional needed travel funds, as did the university’s Millenium Fund. Finally, thanks to my family who now know more than they ever wanted to know about science in nineteenth- century Ireland. 57 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science List of figures, including tables Follows Chapter 2 page… 2.1 Data from the 1861 census of Ireland: summary of selected 25 occupations grouped by religion. 2.2 Table summarising applications for professorships in the 37 Queen’s Colleges received in 1845, divided by religion. 2.3 Archbishop Murray’s copy of the Freeman’s Journal, 39 announcing the appointment of the Queen’s College professors. 2.4 Table listing the Catholic staff of the Queen’s Colleges in 39 1849. Chapter 3 3.1 Architectural drawings of the Royal Cork Institution, 64 including front façade and two floor plans. 3.2 Floor plan of the Cork Athenaeum. 67 3.3 Table showing the officers of the Cork Literary and Scientific 71 Society in 1844. 3.4 Table showing the officers of the Cork Cuvierian Society in 71 1844. 3.5 Table showing the officers in the Cork Literary and Scientific 72 Society in 1854. 3.6 Table showing the officers in the Cork Cuvierian Society in 72 1854. 3.7 Invitation to a meeting of the Cork Cuvierian Society. 73 Chapter 4 4.1 Table of agriculture students in the Queen’s College, Belfast 125 showing their occupation and that of their fathers. 58 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Chapter 5 5.1 Floor plan of the Queen’s College, Belfast in 1847. 144 5.2 Floor plan of the Queen’s College, Galway in 1847. 144 5.3 Floor plan of the Queen’s College, Cork c.1849. 144 5.4 The University of London, as imagined in 1828. 145 5.5 The zoology museum of the Queen’s College, Cork, c.1913. 155 5.6 The museum of the Queen’s College, Galway, c.1890. 156 5.7 Table showing spending on natural science collections 160 compared to books in Cork and Belfast from 1849-57. 5.8 Table showing natural history purchases for the Queen’s 161 College, Belfast museum in 1851. 5.9 Table showing the number of specimens in the Queen’s 162 College, Cork museum in 1856. Chapter 6 6.1 Images of Eozoön Canadense, according to John William 179 Dawson. 6.2 William Carpenter’s reconstruction of Eozoön Canadense. 179 6.3 Images of Eozoön Canadense, according to William King 183 and Thomas Rowney. 6.4 William King and Thomas Rowney’s announcement in the 190 Reader. 59 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science List of abbreviations used in the text Belfast Natural History Society BNHS British Association for the Advancement of Science BAAS Cork Cuvierian Society CCS Cork Scientific and Literary Society CSLS Queen’s College Belfast QCB Queen’s College Cork QCC Queen’s College Galway QCG Royal Belfast Academical Institution BAI Royal Cork Institution RCI Royal Dublin Society RDS Royal Galway Institution RGI University College London UCL List of abbreviations used in the footnotes Albert College Journal 1870-3 Journal of the Albert Agricultural College, Glasnevin from 1870-3 (AACI/1) University College Dublin, Archives. Albert College Journal 1873-6 Journal of the Albert Agricultural College, Glasnevin from 1873-6 (AACI/2) University College, Dublin, Archives. Albert College Register Register of Pupils in the Albert Agricultural College, Glasnevin (AACI/14) University College, Dublin, Archives. BNHS Council Minute Book 1840-50 Belfast Natural History Society Council Minute Book 1840-50 (D/3262/AB/3) Public Records Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. BNHS Council Minute Book 1850-67 Belfast Natural History Society Council Minute Book 1850-67 (D/3262/AB/4) Public Records Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. BNHS Out Letter Book Belfast Natural History Society Out Letter Book (D/3263/BA/1) Public Records Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. BNHS Museum Visitor Book Belfast Natural History Society Museum Visitor Book 1843-57 (D/3263/H/3) Public Records Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. 60 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Boole Letters Letters of George Boole, professor of mathematics at Queen’s College Cork, to his sister Maryanne Boole (U213/BP/1/1-134) University College, Cork, Special Collections. Cairnes Papers Correspondence of John Eliot Cairnes (P 8508, microfilm) National Library of Ireland, Dublin. CCS Minute Book 1835-78 Minutes of the Cork Cuvierian and Archaeological Society from 1835 to 1878 (UCC/U122A) Special Collections, University College, Cork. CSLS Minute Book 1820-22 Minutes of the Cork Scientific and Literary Society from 1820 to 1822, (UCC/U275) Special Collections, University College, Cork. CSLS Proceedings 1844-74 Proceedings of the Cork Scientific and Literary Society from 1844 to 1874, (U140/A) Day Collection, Cork Archives Institute, Cork. Dawson Papers Papers of John William Dawson, McGill University Archives, Montreal, Canada. For more information see S. Sheets-Pyenson, Index to the scientific correspondence of John William Dawson (Stanford in the Vale, 1992). DNHM Letter Files Dublin Natural History Museum Letter Files (uncatalogued, filed by last initial of correspondent) National Museum of Ireland, Natural History Division, Dublin. DNHM Donations Donation book, n.d., National Museum of Ireland, Natural History Division, Dublin. DNHM Archive Dublin Natural History Museum archive of correspondence and internal papers (uncatalogued, boxed by year) National Museum of Ireland, Collins Barracks, Dublin. Dowden Papers Papers of Richard Dowden (U140/C) Cork Archives Institute, Cork. Hamilton Papers Correspondence and papers of Archdeacon Hamilton (P 1/36) Dublin Diocesan Archives. 61 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Harkness Papers Papers of Robert Harkness (Add 7652) University Library, manuscripts department, Cambridge University. Hincks Papers Letters and miscellaneous papers relating to William Hincks (D2109/3/1) Public Records Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. Larcom Papers 7460 Papers of Thomas Larcom relating to the Ulster Provincial College Commission (MS 7460) National Library of Ireland, Dublin. Larcom Papers 7668 Papers of Thomas Larcom (MS 7668) National Library of Ireland, Dublin. Monsell Papers Papers of William Monsell, 3rd Baron Emly (MS 8318, letters from William Kirby Sullivan) National Library of Ireland, Dublin. Murray Papers Correspondence and papers of Daniel Murray, Archbishop of Dublin (AB 3/31 and 3/32) Dublin Diocesan Archives. Newman Letters Letters of John Henry Newman to Paul Cullen (AB/4/45/10) Dublin Diocesan Archives. Provincial Colleges Letters ‘Provincial Colleges Letters’, Office of Public Works (PW I/13/1/1 2D- 60-9) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QC Application Letters 1845 Applications, some bundled and others loose, among the Lord Lieutenant’s papers for 1845 (OP1845/ box 150) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QC Application Letters 1846 Applications among the Lord Lieutenant’s papers for 1846 (OP 1846/67) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QC Application Letters 1848 Applications among the Lord Lieutenant’s papers for 1846 (OP1848/304 and 144) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin QC Application Letters 1849 Applications among the Lord Lieutenant’s papers for 1849 (OP 1849/124 and 125) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QCB Applications for Mineralogy and Geology 1854 62 Juliana Adelman PhD NUIGalway 2006 Communities of science Belfast College, applications for professorships of mathematics and mineralogy and geology (OP1854/54) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QC Natural History Candidates 1848 ‘Candidates for Professorships in Natural History, 1848’ (OP 1848/305) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QCC Natural History Candidates 1854 Cork College, applications for professorship of natural history (OP1854/59) National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. QCB Invoices 1849-56 Invoices 1849-56 (QUB/B/2/5/2) University Archives, Queen’s University, Belfast. QCB Cash Book 1855-72 Cash Book 1855-72 (QUB/B/2/5/5)University Archives, Queen’s University, Belfast.