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Galería De Maestros (37) Wolfgang Uhlmann En El Ajedrez La Defensa

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Galería De Maestros (37) Wolfgang Uhlmann En El Ajedrez La Defensa Galería de Maestros (37) Wolfgang Uhlmann En el ajedrez la Defensa Francesa está ligada indisolublemente al alemán Wolfgang Uhlmann, (Dresde, 29 de marzo de 1935), que hoy cumple 76 años. “Cuando se juega bien La Defensa Francesa es una verdadera delicia, es siempre interesante y lleva a luchas extremadamente complejas” dice Uhlmann en el prólogo a su libro “Winning with the French”, donde analiza 60 de sus mejores partidas con su defensa predilecta, fruto de sus 40 años defendiéndola. El libro se publicó por primera vez en 1991 en alemán y luego en otros idiomas, desde 2006 existe la versión en castellano (Editorial Hispano Europea) Con ella ha derrotado entre otros a Robert Fischer, Leonid Stein, David Bronstein, Efim Geller, Robert Byrne, Isaac Boleslavsky, e infinidad de maestros. También fue un experto en la Defensa Gruenfeld y la Defensa India del Rey, pero su legado no fue tan importante como en la Defensa Francesa. Claro que no es el único maestro que aportó ideas importantes a esta defensa, de inmediato vienen a la memoria los nombres de Viktor Korchnoi, Mikhail Botvinnik, Aarón Nimzovich, y muchos otros, pero Uhlmann la jugó en exclusividad, su maestría era tal que el ex campeón del mundo Anatoly Karpov, en la plenitud de su carrera, lo tuvo como su consejero en la Defensa Francesa. Era el número 1 de la extinta RDA, o Alemania Oriental, de la que fue campeón nacional en 11 ocasiones, desde 1954 a 1986, y a la que representó en 11 olimpiadas, casi todas como primer tablero, desde Moscú 1956 hasta Novi Sad 1990, esa fue la última vez en que Alemania se presentó separada a una cita internacional. Aprendió a jugar a los 11 años y progresó con rapidez, fue campeón sub 20 de Alemania Oriental en 1951, con sólo 16 años. En la Olimpiada de Tel Aviv 1964 hizo el 83,3 % de los puntos y obtuvo la medalla de oro al primer tablero, en la Olimpiada de La Habana 1966 logró una medalla de bronce. Durante los años 60, y parte del los 70, del siglo pasado, fue un jugador muy fuerte; en el Interzonal de Palma de Mallorca 1970, ganado por Fischer, se clasificó a los Matches de Candidatos donde fue eliminado por Bent Larsen en Las Palmas 1971 por 5½ a 3½. Sus mejores actuaciones fueron: 1º empatado con Polugaevsky en Sarajevo 1964, 1º empatado con Smyslov en el Memorial Capablanca de La Habana 1964, 1º empatado con Ivkov en Zagreb 1965 (por delante del campeón del mundo Tigran Petrosian), 1º empatado con Spassky en Hastings 1965/66, 1º empatado con David Bronstein en Szombathely 1966, y otra vez compartió el primer lugar con Bronstein en el Memorial Lasker de Berlín 1968. En el Zonal de Raach de 1969, finalizó 1º, con dos puntos de ventaja sobre Lajos Portisch, compartió el primer lugar con Bronstein y Hort en Hastings 1975/76, etc. En Belgrado 1970 estaba entre los 10 mejores ajedrecistas no soviéticos e integró el equipo “Resto del Mundo” que se enfrentó a la URSS; Uhlmann cayó por 2½ a 1½ ante Mark Taimanov. Uhlmann sigue viviendo en su ciudad natal, Dresde, que “es como un imán” según sus palabras, fue el “Embajador oficial” de la Olimpiada de Dresde 2008. Participó en casi todos los Campeonatos de Europa de Veteranos por Equipos, y en dos ocasiones, en 2004 y 2005, ganó el título con la selección nacional de Alemania. Además de ser un maestro de gran fuerza y ser el jugador más fuerte de su desaparecido país, Uhlmann también es Contador Público. Asistamos a una clase de Uhlmann sobre la Defensa Francesa, los comentarios entre comillas son suyos. Vea la partida desde su navegador en http://www.feparaj.org.py/admin/Zenon/2011/351/Par%20y%20Sol/part_351.htm David Bronstein – Wolfgang Uhlmann Defensa Francesa [C18], Tallin, 1977 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Cc3 Ab4 4.e5 Ce7 5.a3 Axc3+ 6.bxc3 c5 7.Dg4 Dc7 8.Dxg7 Tg8 9.Dxh7 cxd4 10.Ce2 [La alternativa, pasada de moda, pero peligrosa, es 10.Rd1 donde se puede llegar a una compleja situación tras 10...Cbc6 11.Cf3 dxc3 12.Cg5 Cxe5 13.f4 Txg5 14.fxg5 C5g6 etc.] 10...Cbc6 11.f4 [No es posible defender el peón de e5 con 11.cxd4? por 11...Cxd4!] 11...Ad7 12.Dd3 dxc3 13.h4 [En el Informador 23 Uhlmann añadió el signo de dudoso a este movimiento, en su libro "Winning with the French" se lo quitó, pero pronto será crítico con el plan blanco. Contra 13.Cxc3 lo más usual es 13...a6 evitando el salto Cb5, otra continuación usual es 13.Dxc3 y también se juega la útil jugada de espera 13.Tb1, para luego decidir cómo tomar en c3.] 13...0–0–0 14.h5 [Como comenta Uhlmann, ahora en caso de 14.Cxc3 ya no es necesario jugar 14...a6, sino que es posible 14...Cf5 15.Cb5 Db8 "y las blancas están ya en dificultades, se amenaza tanto 16...Tg3 como 16...Cxe5"] 14...Cf5 15.h6 ["La precipitada carrera del peón h, sin ayuda de las piezas menores no es especialmente prometedora. Las negras ahora atacan al peón, que corre el riesgo de ser capturado. Entonces puede decirse que la estrategia de las blancas de crear problemas con el peón pasado, ha fracasado."] 15...Tg6 16.h7 Th8 17.Th3 d4! [Hasta ahora Bronstein había seguido una partida por correspondencia donde las negras jugaron la débil 17...Tg7 y tuvieron problemas luego de 18.Tb1 Ae8 19.Cxc3 a6 20.Cxd5 exd5 21.Dxf5+, etc.] 18.Tb1 Ae8! ["Luego de esto las blancas deben pensar en algo rápidamente, de lo contrario las negras jugarán ...f6 y ganarán el peón de h7 por nada."] 19.Df3 Dd8! ["Esta fina jugada neutraliza la amenaza g4 y prepara la ganancia del peón h con la maniobra ...Ch4."] 20.g4 [A 20.g3 sigue 20...Tg7] 20...Ch4 21.Dh1 ["A 21.Dg3 sigue 21...Txh7 y ahora falla 22.g5 por 22...Cf5."] 21...Txg4 22.Cg3 Txh7 23.Ce4 ["Es esta la movida en la cual las blancas tenían puestas sus esperanzas, se amenaza tanto la fatal Cd6+ como Cf6."] 23...Cxe5!! ["Este excelente sacrificio elimina las amenazas mencionadas y pone en juego al Ae8 con efecto decisivo."] 24.fxe5 [En caso de 24.Cd6+ las negras ganan con 24...Dxd6 25.Dxb7+ Rd8 26.Da8+ Re7 y el rey negro está seguro.] 24...Ac6! [Y la clavada es mortal.] 25.Ad3 [Tampoco es efectivo 25.Cd6+ por 25…Dxd6 26.exd6 Axh1 27.Txh1 Cf3+ 28.Rf2 Txh1 29.Rxf3 Tgg1, ganando.] 25...Rc7 [Anula la amenaza Cd6+ y las blancas no pueden desembarazarse de sus problemas. Es lo más práctico, si bien el frío Rybka 4 tampoco ve problemas tras por ejemplo 25...Th5 26.Cd6+ Dxd6 27.exd6 Axh1, con ventaja material decisiva, no es de temer 28.d7+ Rd8 29.Txh1 Cg2+ 30.Rf2 Txh1 31.Ag5+ Txg5 32.Txh1 Rxd7 33.Tg1 Cf4, etc.] 26.Rf2 Th5! [Y no hay buena defensa contra 27...Tf5+.] 27.Tf3 Dg8! 28.Af4 Cxf3 29.Dxh5 [A 29.Dxf3 sigue por ejemplo 29...Tf5.] 29...Txf4 30.Dh6 Cg5+ 0–1 Problema Nº 351 Juegan las Negras Solución del Problema Nº 350 Blancas: Rh1, Dc8, Tf7, b4, e4, f3, h4 (7) Negras: Rh7, Dg3, Te2, Cf4, b5, e5, g7, h5 (13) Juegan las Blancas. Vea la solución del problema Nº 350 desde su navegador en http://www.feparaj.org.py/admin/Zenon/2011/351/Par%20y%20Sol/sol_350.htm "La estafa del siglo" así definió a esta partida la revista Chess Review , que se jugó en el Campeonato de EE. UU. 1963/64 donde "Fischer ganó la exhibición, con 11 sobre 11" según palabras de Larry Evans, y él ganó el torneo (salió 2º con 7½ puntos) En la posición dejada como problema, las negras, conducidas por Reshevsky, a 48.h4, respondieron capturando un peón sin importancia con 48...Dg5xg3??, en vez de 48...Dg6! ¿Cómo se consumó la "estafa"? Cuando Evans volvió al tablero y tocó su dama, Reshevsky estaba ya tendiendo su mano hacia Evans esperando el abandono. 49.Dg8+!! [Y Reshevsky "Se volvió pálido, y sonrió amargamente", comentó Evans. También valía 49.Dh8+! Rxh8 50.Tf8+ Rh7 51.Th8+ Rg6 52.Th6+ Rf7 53.Tf6+ etc.] 49...Rxg8 50.Txg7+! Y las blancas se salvan por ahogado, Evans "con una desbordante pero no visible alegría" alcanzó a oír cómo Reshevsky se reprochaba a sí mismo, a la vez que suspiraba. Murmuró sólo una palabra: "Estúpido." Ese punto en disputa tuvo gran importancia para la clasificación final, de haber ganado, Reshevsky hubiera empatado el segundo puesto con Evans y Pal Benko. ½–½ Evans, L - Reshevsky, S, Campeonato de EE. UU., Nueva York (9), 29.12.1963 GM Zenón Franco Ocampos [email protected] .
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