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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01493-0 - Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War Timothy C. Winegard Index More information

Index

23rd Alberta Rangers, 113 African National Congress, 76 26th Middlesex Light Infantry, 51 African Political Organization, 77, 136 28th (Maori) Battalion, 216, 264, 265 alcohol, 16, 23, 24, 40, 83, 85, 86, 112, 37th Haldimand Battalion of Rifles,51 , 138, 146, 176, 184, 186, 187, 249 65, 116, 120, 126, 206 Algeria, 72, 77 Allen, James, 40, 74, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, Abdurahman, Abdul, 136 87, 100, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 109, Aboriginal Progressive Association, 249 157, 158, 159, 218 Aborigines, 4, 6, 8, 9, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, Allenby, Edmund, 172 37, 39, 42, 43, 47, 48, 56, 57, 58, American Civil War (1861–5), 51 62, 63, 71, 87, 88, 99, 131, 132, 133, American Expeditionary Force (AEF), 135, 160, 161, 162, 176, 179, 191, 119, 194, 202 193, 198, 199, 212, 215, 219, 230, 32nd Division, 192 231, 232, 233, 237, 247, 248, 249, 36th Division, 216 250, 251, 255, 257, 258, 259, 266, 41st Division, 216 269 18th Infantry Regiment, 196 casualties, 230 142nd Infantry Regiment, 215 education, 24, 43, 63, 162, 193, 215, American Revolution (1775–84), 3, 18, 219, 250, 251 52 enlistment, 133, 135, 150, 160, 161, American–Sioux War (1862–90), 124 162, 230, 231, 232, 237, 249, 251, Ames, Herbert, 220 257, 258, 259, 264, 266 Amiens, Battle of (1918), 135, 196, 200 half-caste, 24, 43, 160, 161, 215, 230, Amritsar Massacre (1919), 227 232, 247, 248, 251, 258 Anglo-Boer War, First (1880–1), 49 home front, 219 Anglo-Boer War, Second (1899–1902), massacres, 22, 47, 251 11, 45, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, medals and citations, 237 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 73, 75, 79, 80, 92, military trades, 190, 198, 199, 232, 237 108, 132, 137, 170, 257 officers, 199 Anglo-Zulu War (1879), 49 population, 21, 23, 24, 38, 71, 231, Anzac Day, 4, 247, 269 232, 235, 266 Apache, 191 recruitment, 88 Arnold, F., 140 stolen generations, 250, 251 Aron, Raymond, 270 trackers, 48, 57, 66 Ashanti, 31 veterans, 247, 248, 249, 250 Australia, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 21, 23, 29, 33, war brides, 210 37, 42, 43, 48, 50, 54, 56, 59, 62, 63, warfare, 15 66, 69, 70, 74, 87, 95, 102, 131, 135, women, 15, 48, 219, 251 136, 148, 150, 160, 161, 162, 184, Aborigines Protection Society, 176, 179 199, 212, 232, 233, 247, 249, 250, Afghanistan, 34, 47, 48 251, 258, 260, 261, 263, 266, 270 Africa, 6, 10, 11, 15, 49, 137, 139, 196, Asian Australians, 147, 161 252, 259, 260 casualties, 135, 160, 230

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01493-0 - Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War Timothy C. Winegard Index More information

302 Index

Australia (cont.) Barrie, J. M., 41 conscription, 133, 135, 150, 161, 258 Peter Pan (1904), 41 Defence Act, 62, 63, 66 Barton, Edmund, 29, 57 federation, 23, 56, 57 Barue Rebellion (1917), 227 frontier warfare, 22, 23, 48 Basuto, 44, 98, 174, 175, 186, 219 immigration, 22, 29, 70, 96, 147 Basutoland, 10, 70, 77, 78, 139, 141, 171, Irish Australians, 96, 262, 270 206 manpower, 68, 71, 87, 161 Baxter, Edwy S., 116, 117, 120 New South Wales (NSW), 23, 26, 39, Bean, Charles E. W., 100 48, 57, 133, 135, 163, 193, 199, 210, Beaumont-Hamel, Battle of (1916), 4, 231, 247, 248, 249 131 Northern Territory, 23, 219, 251 Newfoundland Memorial Park, 4 participation in New Zealand Wars, 28 Bechuanaland, 70, 77, 78, 139, 169, 171 population, 38, 71 Beersheba, Battle of (1917), 198 Protection Acts, 23, 24, 57, 248 Belgium, 11, 135, 136, 151, 216, 235, Queensland, 9, 23, 43, 48, 56, 57, 58, 259 63, 132, 133, 162, 198, 212, 219, 231, Belich, James, 25, 37, 39 233, 248, 249, 251 Bennett, John R., 163, 164 South Australia, 23, 210, 249 Beothuk, 15, 16, 17, 41, 45 Tasmania, 22, 47, 230, 231 Bernardan, David, 202 Victoria, 23, 57, 161, 230, 231 Birchall, Arthur, 112 Western Australia, 23, 99, 199, 230, Birdwood, William, 104 251 Black Rabbit, Peter, 150 Australian Aborigines League, 250 Blackfoot Confederacy, 42, 46, 90, 127, Australian Imperial Force (AIF), 8, 9, 196 57, 71, 87, 133, 135, 147, 160, 161, Blackfoot, 42, 47, 192, 207, 215 162, 184, 191, 198, 199, 215, 230, Blood, 42, 90, 112, 113, 150, 196, 197, 232, 237, 247, 257, 258, 259 207, 217, 224, 225 Australian Corps, 160 Piegan, 42 I Anzac, 107, 135, 142 Sarcee, 42, 153, 225 II Anzac, 107, 135 Blackman, Alfred, 134, 135 1st Division, 133 Blackman, Charles, 133, 134, 135, 212, 3rd Division, 135, 247 213, 215, 247 3rd Brigade, 133 Blackman, Thomas, 134, 135 11th Brigade, 135 blacks (South African), 9, 10, 30, 31, 32, 9th Battalion, 133 37, 43, 45, 49, 58, 74, 75, 77, 173, 10th Battalion, 133 183, 192, 206, 208, 215, 236, 254, 11th Battalion, 133 260, 268 12th Battalion, 133 casualties, 78, 137, 166, 175, 229, 230 13th Battalion, 193 cattle, 30, 168, 226, 254 25th Battalion, 133 chaplains, 141, 176, 209 34th Battalion, 191 discipline, 186, 226 41st Battalion, 134, 135 education, 176, 178 51st Battalion, 199 enlistment, 143, 165, 169, 170, 182, Anzac Mounted Division, 198 229 5th Light Horse Cavalry Brigade, 193 enlistment Second World War, 267 6th Light Horse Regiment, 199, 249 language, 141, 217 11th Light Horse Regiment, 198, 248 medals and citations, 236 military trades, 58, 64, 66, 77, 78, 79, Balkans, 1, 202 98, 136, 170, 179, 189, 196 Ballendine, John, 201 nurses, 218 Balser, Frank, 193 patriotic donations, 219 Bambatha Rebellion (1906), 75, 78, 137, population, 32, 38, 43, 58, 254, 268 170, 189 rank, 141, 142, 178, 197, 268 Bantu, 30, 75, 143 recruitment, 78, 140, 141, 142, 143, Barker, Jimmie, 219 167, 168, 169, 180, 181, 258

Index 303

segregation, 32, 33, 137, 138, 139, 140, Bullecourt, Battle of (1917), 193 167, 173, 174, 176, 209, 253, 261 Bumble Bee Crow Chief, 207 SS Mendi, 166, 229, 269 Burns, Harriet, 125, 127, 206 veterans, 218, 252, 253, 254 Buxton Earl (Charles Sydney), 143, 168, warfare, 15, 49 169, 170, 177, 211, 253 women, 15, 174, 219 Blainey, Geoffrey, 22 Cadet Corps, 63, 65, 66, 130, 269 Bleakley, John W., 43, 133, 162, 219, 233, Callaway, John, 56 248 Cambrai, Battle of (1917), 114, 162, 201 Bloor, A. W., 215 Cambrai, Battle of (1918), 118 Boer Rebellion (1914–15), 73, 74, 76, 77, Cameron, D. E., 51, 52 79, 96, 169, 257, 270 Cameron, Roderick, 201 Borden, Robert, 68, 69, 102, 114, 115, Campbell, Glenlyon (Glen), 92, 123, 116, 125, 145, 150, 151, 152, 155, 124, 125, 126, 127, 205, 206 163, 246, 261 Campbell, John, 208 Borneo, 216, 266 Campbell, Robert, 123, 124 Botha, Louis, 63, 73, 74, 75, 76, 137, Canada, 4, 6, 7, 19, 25, 33, 37, 40, 50, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 166, 52, 53, 59, 69, 89, 94, 115, 119, 150, 167, 168, 169, 170, 173, 176, 177, 187, 211, 221, 224, 226, 233, 235, 178, 181, 182, 183, 186, 206, 259 240, 246, 261, 263, 267, 270 Boulton, Charles A., 124, 126 Alberta, 21, 51, 88, 92, 125, 127, 129, Bourke, Richard, 26 153, 222, 225, 238, 239 Brant, Cameron D., 112 Asian Canadians, 91, 118, 147, 152, Brant, Joseph, 18, 41, 46, 112 154 Britain, 3, 5, 10, 19, 29, 47, 54, 68, 89, Black Canadians, 91, 118, 145, 146, 92, 96, 137, 139, 172, 186, 188, 210, 147, 152, 184 227, 260 British Columbia (BC), 90, 129, 150, casualties, 97, 151 191, 222, 239 colonial warfare, 13, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, casualties, 112, 151, 231 26, 27, 30, 31, 39, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, colonial warfare, 20, 21, 42, 46 51, 60 confederation, 2, 17, 19 conscription, 258 conscription, 150, 152, 154, 155, 163, declaration of war, 4, 68 258 empire, 1, 2, 3, 13, 31, 34, 35, 56, 139, enemy aliens, 147, 156 178, 210, 217, 263 French Canadians, 50, 71, 74, 96, 152, employment of colonial soldiers, 4, 19, 155, 204, 258, 262, 270 34, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 58, 67, immigration, 20 72, 185, 217, 259 Manitoba, 18, 19, 20, 21, 51, 88, 124, manpower, 72, 97, 114, 148, 149, 182 126, 127, 128, 129, 222, 238 request for indigenous soldiers, i, 1, 11, manpower, 65, 68, 69, 71, 88, 93, 102, 93, 97, 98, 117, 118, 129, 131, 136, 114, 116, 151, 152, 165, 232 143, 256, 258 Militia Act, 65, 66 treaties, 4, 18, 19, 26, 27, 42, 47, 52, New Brunswick, 98, 127, 129 89, 152, 232, 258 Northwest Territories, 129 British African Society, 227 Nova Scotia, 94, 127, 129, 145 British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 68, Ontario, 18, 19, 21, 51, 88, 121, 127, 95, 97, 151, 256 129, 129, 145, 199, 222, 238, 240, British Army Service Corps, 173 242 British Honduras, 227 population, 38, 71 British West Indies Regiment, 143, 144, Prince Edward Island (PEI), 127, 129 226 Quebec, 65, 71, 121, 127, 129, 222, Britten, Thomas A., 119, 191 238 Brock, Isaac, 120, 122 Saskatchewan, 21, 88, 127, 129, 204, Bryce, Peter, 246 222, 238, 239 Buck, Peter, 81, 85, 100, 105, 107, 108, Yukon Territory, 123, 129, 202, 208 110, 235, 237, 264 Canadian Defence League, 65

304 Index

Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), 71, Canadian Rangers, 201, 269 93, 94, 112, 113, 114, 116, 118, 119, Cape Mounted Rifles, 49 123, 127, 145, 151, 184, 199, 202, Caporetto, Battle of (1917), 149 204, 215, 216, 232, 242, 257, 258 Carkeek, Rikihana, 85, 99, 205, 208 Canadian Corps, 110, 114, 151, 200, Carroll, James, 28, 81, 82 205 Carter, Roland, 212 1st Division, 91, 93, 112, 114 Carter, Sarah, 224 2nd Division, 114 Cetshwayo, 31 3rd Division, 71, 114 Ceylon, 99 4th Division, 116 Chamberlain, Joseph, 53, 55 1st Battalion, 91, 199, 200 Chatham Islands, 25, 108 8th Battalion, 201 Moriori, 25 10th Battalion, 113, 147 Chauvel, Henry G., 198 21st Battalion, 201 Chilembwe, John, 227 35th Battalion, 128 Chipewyan, 206 36th Battalion, 128 Chippewa. See Ojibwa 50th Battalion, 147, 200, 201 Choctaw, 215 52nd Battalion, 128, 147, 208 Christianity. See religion 79th Battalion, 126 Clemenceau, Georges, 260 104th Battalion, 145 Cochrane, Albert, 201 106th Battalion, 145 Cody, William (Buffalo Bill), 191 107th Battalion, 123, 124, 126, 127, coloureds (South African), 30, 48, 49, 128, 205, 258 58, 64, 76, 77, 79, 173, 176, 181, 114th Battalion, 117, 120, 121, 122, 236, 255, 268 123, 126, 127, 128, 146, 202, 205, casualties, 137, 172, 229 206, 245, 258 enlistment, 77, 78, 79, 136, 172, 173, 135th Battalion, 118, 128 229 149th Battalion, 128 enlistment Second World War, 267 160th Battalion, 128 medals and citations, 236 188th Battalion, 128 military trades, 136, 141, 172, 173, 191st Battalion, 90, 197 196, 257, 259 203rd Battalion, 202 officers, 197, 268 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light population, 58, 268 Infantry Battalion (PPCLI), 71, 91, veterans, 253 112 Comego, Pete, 201 8th Battalion Canadian Railway Comego, Sampson, 201 Troops, 206 Coniston Massacre (1928), 251 10th Battalion Canadian Railway Connor, John, 22 Troops, 203 Cook Islands, 54, 81, 108, 109 256th Railway Construction Battalion, Atiu, 108 146, 203 Mauke, 108 No. 2 Construction Battalion, 146, Rarotonga, 108 147, 184 Rarotongans, 108, 110 Canadian Forestry Corps, 146, 203, 243 Cook, James, 25 Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Cooke, Charles A., 121, 122, 128 Force, 202 Cooper, Daniel, 250 First Overseas Canadian Pioneer Cooper, James Fenimore, 41 Detail, 202 The Last of the Mohicans (1826), 41 Fort Garry Horse, 91 Cooper, William, 250 Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Cornwall, H. G., 108 Reserve (RNCVR), 202 Cornwall, James K., 206 Canadian Mounted Rifles,54 Cowan, James, 9, 104 Canadian National Service Board, 150 Cree, 17, 21, 42, 46, 53, 60, 88, 92, 95, Canadian Pacific Railway, 19, 21, 114 117, 125, 127, 154, 200, 201, 206, Canadian Patriotic Fund, 54, 220, 221, 216, 220, 240 222 Creek, 89, 124, 226

Index 305

Crimean War (1853–6), 1 Enloe, Cynthia, 35, 189 Crockett, Davy, 123 Ennis, William, 83 Crow, 42 Etaples Military Cemetery, 135 Crowfoot, 41 Crown. See Britain Ferguson, Frank, 210 Festubert, Battle of (1915), 93, 114 Daly, John, 241 Fiji, 108 Dampier, William, 42 Fisher, Frank, 248 Darwin, Charles, 16, 36, 37 Flers-Courcelette, Battle of (1916), 110 On the Origin of Species (1859), 36 Flick, Mike, 135 Davidson, Walter, 93, 94, 95, 129, 130, Forest Rangers, 60, 61 131, 163, 164, 220 Fortescue, John W., 39 de Klerk, Frederik, 268 Fowler, George, 145 Deasy, Thomas, 90 Fox, J. E. J., 94 DeCoine, Clefus, 154 France, 1, 4, 10, 11, 17, 47, 72, 98, 110, DeLaronde, Joseph, 210 112, 114, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, Delaware (Munsee), 118, 201 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 149, Delville Wood, Battle of (1916), 4, 269 151, 155, 159, 162, 166, 167, 169, South African National Memorial, 269 170, 173, 174, 178, 179, 181, 182, Denman, Thomas, 63 183, 184, 186, 187, 193, 199, 208, Deserontyon, John, 41 210, 211, 212, 216, 217, 218, 235, Deskaheh (Levi General), 244, 245 239, 251, 252, 258, 259, 260, 268, Diagne, Blaise, 216 269 Dieffenbach, Ernst, 38 colonial soldiers, 1, 72, 98, 99, 101, disease, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 33, 37, 175, 181, 185, 260 40, 59, 78, 83, 84, 100, 104, 109, deserters, 149 113, 120, 136, 140, 141, 146, 157, women, 111, 138, 176, 182, 209, 210 172, 179, 182, 200, 229, 230, 235, Franco-Prussian War (1870–1), 1 236, 246 Frazer, Harold, 210 influenza, 85, 147, 229, 232, 233, 235 Freida, Frederick, 201 sexually transmitted, 86, 179, 187 Freyberg, Bernard, 265 tuberculosis, 83, 113, 153, 179, 204, 229, 232, 235, 246 Gadieux, John, 150, 151 typhoid, 83, 99, 123 Gallipoli, 4, 11, 85, 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, Dogrib, 206 104, 106, 108, 131, 147, 162, 197, Dog-Tax Rebellion (1898), 56 219, 230, 235, 251, 257, 258, 269 Doherty, Charles, 156 Anzac Cove, 104 Dower, Edward, 139, 180 Sari Bair, Battle of (1915), 85, 104, 105 Du Bois, W. E. B., 99 Suvla Bay, 131 Dube, John, 76, 78, 96 Gandhi, 137, 227 Dumont, Gabriel, 191 Gault, Andrew Hamilton, 71 Duncan, A. J., 116 German East Africa (GEA), 9, 136, 137, Dutch East India Company, 29, 30 140, 144, 168, 172, 173, 186 Dutton, George, 249 German South-West Africa (GSWA), 9, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 136, 139, Easter Uprising (1916), 270 140, 167, 173, 186, 206, 257, 260, Eastern Front, 149 261 Eastman, Charles, 191 Germany, 29, 54, 88, 112, 118, 147, 149, Edmonds, Everard, 242, 244 161, 164, 167, 183, 184, 185, 190, Egypt, 73, 74, 81, 82, 84, 87, 99, 100, 191, 192, 195, 207, 217, 259 105, 110, 144, 172, 181, 193, 208, colonies, 54, 70, 73, 76, 79, 260, 261 257 manpower, 149 Cairo, 106, 133 propaganda, 192 Suez Canal, 87, 108 Ghana, 31 Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 172 Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 108 Elliot, H. J., 211 Gilbert, Humphrey, 16

306 Index

Givenchy, Battle of (1915), 93, 114 Hughes, Sam, 88, 91, 115, 116 Godley, Alexander J., 74, 81, 82, 87, 99, Hughes, William, 115, 133, 184, 259, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 158 260, 261 Godley, Godfrey A., 139 Huron Confederacy, 41, 53, 121 Gordon, John Hamilton, 52 Graham, Maxwell, 129 Imperial War Cabinet, 3, 116 Graham, W. M., 155, 204, 215 imperialism, 13, 34, 36, 54, 109, 256 Grant, Douglas, 133, 193, 194, 195, 211, India, 2, 3, 6, 30, 34, 39, 47, 80, 101, 247 136, 162, 214 Graves, Robert, 185 Gurkha, 35, 77, 193 Great Depression, 246 sepoys, 2, 34, 73, 87, 98, 193, 226 Greece, 265 Indian Army of the British Raj, 2, 34 Grey, George, 27, 47 Indian Expeditionary Force A, 72 Grieve, W. R., 163, 164 3rd (Lahore) Division, 72 Grundlingh, Albert, 10, 166, 169, 206, 7th (Meerut) Division, 72 254 29th British Indian Infantry Brigade, Guy, John, 16 101 Gwatkin, W. G., 91, 114, 121, 145, 146, 26th Indian Mountain Battery, 101 204 4th (Secunderbad) Cavalry Brigade, 72 Indian Mutiny (1857), 34, 47 Hagenbeck, Carl, 190, 191 Indians (American), 19, 35, 51, 194, 218, Hague Convention (1899), 58 244, 267 Haig, Douglas, 138, 176, 177, 182, 187, code-talkers, 215, 216 216 conscription, 119, 226 Haig, R. F., 91 enlistment in AEF, 3, 35, 119, 204 Hall, Robert, 8 enlistment in CEF, 118, 119 Hamilton, Ian, 100, 103, 104 enlistment Second World War, 267 Hanaven, Joseph, 54 nurses, 218 Hankey, Maurice, 69 officers, 202 Harcourt, Lewis Vernon, 69, 73, 74, 81, patriotic donations, 222 83, 84, 98, 101, 131 population, 119, 267 Harper, Stephen, 246 Indians (Canadian), 6, 19, 20, 21, 37, 41, Harris, Charles A., 163, 165 42, 43, 50, 51, 52, 53, 65, 66, 77, Hawaii, 108 89, 90, 92, 118, 123, 125, 131, 145, Hawkins, Harry, 198 146, 156, 184, 190, 191, 192, 196, Haycock, Ronald, 41, 242, 243 211, 226, 235, 242, 246, 247, 255, Hayes, Ira, 267 262, 267 Henare, Taurekareka, 81, 158 assimilation, 7, 19, 35, 40, 41, 42, 88, Herbert, A. H., 100, 105, 106 113, 119, 199, 204 Herero Rebellion (1904), 75 casualties, 112, 113, 193, 232 Herries, William, 39 code-talkers, 216 Hertzog, Barry, 73 colonial warfare, 18, 19, 20, 21, 41, 42, Higinbotham, George, 39 46, 66, 128 Hill, Isaac, 52 conscription, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, Hill, Josiah, 51, 52, 53 258 Hitler, Adolf, 185 discipline, 127, 204, 205, 207 Hlubi, 226 education, 20, 21, 50, 51, 65, 90, 113, Hobson, William, 26 126, 127, 202, 246 Hodges, Geoffrey, 9 enlistment, 3, 67, 88, 90, 91, 93, 113, Holland, Robert, 227 114, 116, 118, 119, 120, 128, 150, Holm, Tom, 35 232, 257, 258, 264 Holmes, Frederick, 108, 109 enlistment Second World War, 267 Hongi Hika, 235 home front, 223, 224, 225 Hote Temehana, 47 homogenous battalion, 90, 92, 93, 116, Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), 123, 124 121, 122, 126, 128, 199, 203, 204, Huggonson, David, 8 215

Index 307

Indian Act, 20, 41, 90, 223, 224, 237, Khoikhoi, 30, 48 238, 241, 244, 245, 247 Kick, Albert, 118 language, 127, 128, 204, 206, 207, Kick, Enos, 118 208, 215 Kickett, John, 251 medals and citations, 237 Killingray, David, 9, 49 military trades, 190, 201, 202, 259 King Edward VII, 56, 120 nurses, 218 King Edward VIII, 200 officers, 122, 127, 128, 202 King George V, 69, 76, 80, 92, 125, 211, patriotic donations, 89, 90, 220, 222 216, 217, 250, 252, 269 population, 17, 38, 40, 71, 203, 267 King, Allan, 79 recruitment, 93, 117, 121, 123, 126, 128 King, George A., 107 reserves, 19, 20, 21, 40, 90 Kipling, Rudyard, 49 scalping, 192 Kitchener, Horatio H., 55, 57, 59, 81, 100 snipers, 91, 92, 123, 195, 196, 199, Kitkatla, 150 200, 201 Klaatsch, Hermann, 193 veterans, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, Korean War (1950–3), 199, 265, 266, 267 245 Kropinyeri, Matthew, 60 war brides, 210 warfare, 14 Lacey, Amy, 130 women, 37, 41, 150, 154, 156, 220 Lackenbauer, P. Whitney, 6 Indonesia, 30 Laforce, Angus, 112 Innu, 17 Lalor, F. R., 116 Ireland, 2, 96, 212 Laurier, Wilfrid, 50, 68, 120, 125 Iroquois Confederacy, 18, 19, 20, 42, 46, Law, Andrew Bonar, 43, 98 52, 90, 92, 121, 128, 217, 244, 245 Le Conte, Joseph, 44 Cayuga, 18, 120, 206, 244 League of Indians of Canada, 243, 244 Mohawk, 18, 41, 42, 46, 53, 112, 121, League of Nations, 3, 244, 259 193, 201, 202, 217, 225, 243, 245 Legion of Frontiersmen, 66, 130 Oneida, 18, 51, 118 les Bataillons des Chasseurs Indigènes Onondaga, viii, 8, 18 (Moroccan), 72 Seneca, 18 Lessard, F. L., 123 Tuscarora, 18, 146 Lesuthu, E. H., 212 Italy, 144, 149, 162, 227, 237, 265 Leuchars, George, 170 Lickers, William F., 193 Jacobs, F. M., 89 Lind, Frank, 94 Jaenen, C. J., 35 Liverpool, Lord, 81, 219 Jamaica, 144, 227 Lloyd, William F., 163 Jameson Raid (1885–6), 54 Lloyd George, David, 116, 260 Japan, 70, 147, 260, 265, 266 Locke, Gerome, 57 Jerome, Jerry, 58 Loft, Frederick O., 217, 243, 244 Jingoes, Stimela Jason, 75, 166, 167, 208, Logan, Alexander, 199, 238 209, 216, 252 Logan, Robert, 83, 84 Johnson, William, 19 Logie, W. A., 120, 121 Johnston, Harry, 227 Long Time Squirrel, George, 151 Jordan, 144 Long, Walter Hume, 170 Jünger, Ernst, 191 Longboat, Tom, viii Lucas, Charles, 23, 39 Kaiserschlacht Offensive (1918), 149 kaMancinza, Bambatha, 75 Macdonald, John A., 20 Keepinais, Meeshe, 150 Macedonia, 99 Keeseekoowenin, 125, 128, 206 MacMillan, Margaret, 259 Kemp, Albert E., 163 Madagascar, 30 Kemp, J. C. G., 74 Mahican Confederacy, 121 Kennedy, George, 199, 249 Mahon, Hugh, 23 Kermadec Islands, 54 Malan, F. S., 76 Keyter, J. G., 138 Malaya, 265

308 Index

Malta, 100, 101, 102, 103 Maynard, Frederick, 249 Mandela, Nelson, 268 McCallum, Henry, 50 Manson, Harry, 135 McCrae, John, 4 Maori, xvii, 6, 9, 32, 37, 39, 54, 60, 66, McDonald, Kenneth, 202 67, 89, 96, 131, 162, 185, 192, 205, McDonald, Philip, 201 208, 233, 235, 250, 257, 258, 259, McDougall, John, 92 269, 270 McIntosh, Percival, 100 assimilation, 27, 29, 37, 39, 84, 85, McLean, George, 53 255 Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, casualties, 104, 106, 110, 156, 160, 230 100, 102 chaplains, 110 Meighen, Arthur, 223, 224, 225, 246 conscription, 156, 157, 158, 159, 203, Melvin, Willard, 211 258, 265 Merritt, William Hamilton, 50, 51, 92 discipline, 186, 187 Mesopotamia, 99, 202 education, 29, 56, 61, 84, 85, 185 Messines, Battle of (1917), 135, 156 enlistment, 80, 81, 82, 84, 230, 231 Meston, Archibald, 57, 132 enlistment Second World War, 264, Métis, 18, 20, 21, 40, 46, 60, 92, 124, 265 125, 191, 200, 232 haka, 56, 100, 101, 112 Mfecane, 31 half-caste, 56 Mi’kmaq, 15, 17, 45, 95 language, 55, 105, 158, 205, 216 Michelin, Joseph, 95 medals and citations, 237, 265 Middle East, 11, 37, 110, 196, 198, 259 Members of Parliament, 28, 55, 80, 81, Middleton, Frederick, 21, 47, 124 82, 142, 159 Mihiel, Battle of (1918), 192, 193 military trades, 83, 84, 103, 104, 106, Milera, Herbert, 249 107, 189, 197, 203, 215 Miller, J. R., 16, 17, 35, 225 nurses, 111, 218 Misinishkotewe, Francis, 237 officers, 62, 82, 99, 105, 106, 107, 156, Monash, John, 234 197, 205 Monchy-le-Preux, Battle of (1917), patriotic donations, 55, 219 162 population, 25, 27, 37, 38, 72, 235, Montour, Edith, 218 265, 266 Moo-che-we-in-es, 220, 221 recruitment, 101, 103, 106, 108, 156, More, Thomas, 13 158 Morocco, 72, 77 settlement of New Zealand, 24 Morris, Alexander, 88, 152, 154 training, 84, 85, 86, 87, 99, 100, 102 Morris, Edward P., 93, 163 veterans, 219, 252 Morris, George A., 136 warfare, 15, 25, 39, 47, 55, 216 Morry, Howard, 131 women, 15, 25, 28, 37, 86, 218 Moses, James D., 202 Maori King Movement, 27, 28, 29, 40, Moses, John, 245 56, 84, 96, 108, 157, 158, 226 Mountain Horse, Albert, 112, 113 Te Puea, 80, 84 Mountain Horse, Joe, 114 Te Rata, 80, 84 Mountain Horse, Mike, 90, 112, 114, Maori Patriotic Committee, 219 196, 207, 215, 222, 269 Maori War Management Committee, Mozambique, 227 81, 82, 84, 90, 96, 99, 101, 102, 105, Munninguay, John, 202 106, 107, 142, 158, 198, 205, 264 Murray, William, 251 Marcuse, Rudolf, 193 Musket Wars (1814–33), 25, 40, 47 Martin, Oliver M., 202 Martin, Richard, 162 Naley, Gordon, 210 Marwick, Arthur, 11, 259 Namibia, 261 Massey, William, viii, 80, 81, 101, 102, natives. See blacks (South African) 115, 257, 259, 261 Navajo, 226 Matabele, 44, 49, 98 Neuve-Chapelle, Battle of (1915), 73 Mateparae, Jeremiah, 265 New Zealand, 2, 4, 6, 9, 24, 32, 33, 37, May, Karl, 191, 192, 193 47, 50, 54, 55, 59, 69, 73, 80, 95,

Index 309

110, 136, 185, 233, 235, 252, 260, casualties, 131, 162, 231 263, 264, 269, 270 colonial warfare, 17, 45 Asians, 29, 147, 157 conscription, 150, 163, 165, 258 casualties, 101, 102, 230 enlistment, 68, 72, 93, 94, 95, 130, colonial warfare, 27 131, 163, 164, 165, 231 conscription, 150, 156, 157, 258 Eskimos, 9, 15, 17, 46, 95, 129, 130, Defence Act, 61, 66, 67 131, 162, 163, 164, 165, 190, 201, enemy aliens, 157 215, 231, 257, 258 immigration, 26, 28, 29, 70 home front, 220 manpower, 68, 72, 79, 102, 107, 157, Indians, 17, 46, 95, 129, 130, 131, 162, 231 163, 165, 194, 201, 231, 257, 258 Native Land Act (1909), 28, 80, 102, Labrador, 129, 130, 162, 163, 164, 165, 157, 225 220, 236, 258, 259 north island, 24, 28, 40, 80, 159 medals and citations, 237 population, 27, 28, 38, 71, 266 Ministry of Militia, 94, 163, 165 south island, 40, 82, 85 outports, 94, 95, 129, 130, 163, 258, New Zealand Company, 26, 27 259 New Zealand Expeditionary Force population, 17, 38, 45, 72, 267 (NZEF), 72, 82, 85, 86, 87, 102, recruitment, 129, 130, 162, 163, 165, 104, 106, 109, 147, 157, 208, 265 258, 259 1st Brigade, 102, 106 women, 220 1st Niue Regiment, 108, 109 newspapers, 23, 41, 114, 121, 137, 139, 6th Hauraki Company, 104 141, 143, 152, 166, 168, 176, 178, 11th Taranaki Company, 104 186, 200, 210, 219, 242 Maori Battalion (Pioneer), viii, 9, 101, Ngarimu, Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa, 265, 270 157, 159, 184, 185, 197, 203, 211, Ngata, Apirana, 29, 81, 158, 264 259, 265, 269 Nigeria, 227 Maori Contingent, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, Nisga’a, 150 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, Niue, 54, 108, 109, 110, 269 107, 109, 122, 205, 237 Niue Islanders, 108 New Zealand Mounted Brigade, 187 noble savage, 41, 91, 199, 242 New Zealand Mounted Rifles,107 Norfolk Island, 108 New Zealand Pioneer Battalion, 107 Northcroft, Henry W., 109 Otago Mounted Rifles,107 North-West Mounted Police, 21 Samoan Expeditionary Force, 79, 83 North-West Rebellion (1885), 21, 47, 53, Tunnelling Company, 185 60, 92, 124 Wellington Battalion, 104 Norton, John, 41 New Zealand Wars (1845–72), 21, 27, 28, Norwest, Henry, 200, 201 38, 39, 40, 47, 48, 56, 60, 61, 158 numbered treaties (1871–1921), 20 Newcombe, E. L., 152 Nyasaland, 227 Newell, William, 202 Newfoundland Patriotic Association O’Connor, P. S., 9 (NPA), 93, 94, 95, 129, 130, 131 Oakley, Annie, 191 Newfoundland Recruiting Committee, Ocean Island, 108 163 Ojibwa, 47, 53, 88, 89, 91, 116, 121, 122, Newfoundland Regiment (Royal), 72, 94, 125, 127, 128, 192, 199, 201, 206, 95, 101, 131, 162, 184, 199, 201, 231 208, 210, 237, 267 C Company, 131 F Company, 130 Paardeberg, Battle of (1900), 53 Newfoundland Women’s Patriotic Pace, John, 151 Association, 220 Pacific Islanders, 158, 231, 259 Newfoundland-Labrador, 2, 3, 4, 9, 15, Paddon, Harry L., 163, 164, 220 16, 17, 33, 37, 40, 41, 45, 46, 50, Page, Melvin, 9 60, 65, 66, 69, 72, 93, 94, 129, 162, Paice, Edward, 9 220, 231, 236, 237, 257, 258, 259, Paikea, Paraire, 264 261, 267 Pakistan, 2

310 Index

Palestine, 172 Rogers, Charlie, 196 Panet, Charles E., 52 Royal Air Force/Royal Flying Corps, Parata, Taare, 81, 84 202 Paris Peace Conference, 3, 259 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 114, Passchendaele, Battle of (1917), 135, 149, 245 159, 160, 162 Royal Naval Reserve, 66, 68, 70, 72, 94 Paudash, Johnson, 201 Royal Navy, 94, 131, 202 Peacock, Henry, 83, 99, 100, 106, 186 Royal Proclamation (1763), 19, 89 Pearce, George, 133 Royal Tank Corps, 201 Pedi, 49 Rua Kenana, 80, 226 Pegahmagabow, Francis, 91, 199, 200, Rubusana, Walter, 76, 77 237, 238, 241, 243, 245, 247, 269 Rudd, Kevin, 251 Pelletier, Daniel, 237 Rush–Bagot Treaty (1817), 18, 46 Penrhyn Island, 108 Russell, Andrew, 107, 185 Peregrino, F. Z. S., 143 Russia, 47, 48, 149 Perley, George H., 69 Pershing, John, 51, 202 Salish, 202 Plaatje, Soloman (Sol.), 75, 77, 142, 169 Samoa, 54, 73, 79, 82, 83, 84, 108, 190, Poananga, B. M., 265 235, 260 Pocahontas, 37 Saunders, Reginald, 199, 269 Pomare, Maui, 81, 82, 84, 96, 108, 109, Schaffer, Kay, 36 110, 156, 157, 158, 218, 219, 258 Scotland, 95, 123, 124, 209 Pondo, 77, 166, 219 Scott, Duncan Campbell, 7, 20, 40, 52, Pontiac, 19 89, 90, 116, 119, 120, 126, 129, 150, Portugal, 136, 172 152, 155, 164, 195, 199, 200, 204, Posholi, M. L., 217 208, 220, 238, 239, 246 Pozieres, Battle of (1916), 133, 134 Second World War (1939–45), 68, 199, Pratt, Rod, 9, 161 202, 215, 216, 225, 235, 250, 261, Prince, Tommy, 267, 269 264, 265, 266, 267 Pritchard, S. M., 77, 78, 79, 140, 142, Seddon, Richard, 55, 60, 61 168, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, Sekhukhune, 49 206, 209, 236 Sells, Cato, 119 Pugsley, Christopher, 9, 104, 110 Semia, William, 208 Senegal, 101 Queen Victoria, 29, 52, 55, 80, 89, 96, Sero, John Brant, 53 102 Seven Years’ War (1756–63), 17, 45 Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada, 120 Shaka, 30 Queenston Heights, Battle of (1812), 120, Shaw, Andrew, 131, 194 122 Sheffield, R. Scott, 4, 6 Shiwak, John, 9, 130, 131, 132, 201 Ranfurly, Lord, 56 Sifton, Clifford, 125 Ratt, John, 207 Sing, William (Billy), 147, 148 Red Cross Society, 108, 194, 204, 219, Sioux, 42, 124, 191, 193, 194, 196, 240 220, 222 Sitting Bull, 191 Red River Rebellion (1869–70), 20, 46, Six Nations Reserve, viii, 18, 46, 50, 51, 89, 124 52, 53, 54, 65, 89, 92, 96, 112, 116, religion, 16, 17, 25, 56, 98, 143, 176, 191 117, 120, 122, 193, 202, 206, 218, repatriation, 181, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 220, 232, 237, 242, 243, 245 219, 227, 229, 247, 248, 252, 253, Six Nations Women’s Patriotic League, 261 122, 220 Rhodesia, 136 Sloley, Herbert C., 10, 179 Riebeeck, Jan van, 29 Smith, Alexander, 237 Riel, Louis, 20, 21, 92, 124, 201 Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, 5, 10 Riel, Patrick, 201 Smith, S. Percy, 39 riots, 227, 270 Smuts, Jan C., viii, 59, 63, 64, 73, 74, 77, Robb, George, 210 116, 136, 170, 183, 260

Index 311

Social Darwinism, 1, 14, 33, 36, 39, 42, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 242 181, 182, 183, 186, 189, 192, 197, Society Islands, 108 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, Soissons, Battle of (1918), 192 216, 218, 219, 229, 230, 236, 252, Somme, Battle of the (1916), 22, 110, 253, 254, 258, 259, 269 133, 135, 138, 157 St Eloi Craters, Battle of (1916), 114 South Africa, 10, 33, 37, 44, 45, 50, 70, Stacey, John R., 202 73, 74, 75, 95, 98, 131, 146, 196, Statute of Westminster (1931), 68, 262 227, 236, 256, 260, 261, 267, 269, Steele, Owen, 94 270 Stewart, K. L., 265 Afrikaners, 30, 31, 49, 58, 64, 66, 73, Stonechild, Harry, 155 74, 75, 96, 262 Stonefish, George, 201 apartheid, 183, 246, 257, 268 Stoney, 233 Cape Province, 30, 31, 49, 78, 141, Strachan, Hew, 9 171, 173 Strangling Wolf, George, 196, 207, 217 casualties, 136, 166, 229 Stubbings, William, 57 colonial warfare, 30, 31, 48, 49, 58 Swazi, 49, 169, 175 Defence Act, 63, 64, 76 Swaziland, 77, 139, 141, 169, 171 federation of Union, 2, 32, 63 Syria, 261 immigration, 29, 30 Indians, 58, 77, 78, 136, 137, 170, 174, Tahiti, 47, 108 268 Tait, R. H., 201 manpower, 68, 77, 180 Taranaki Bush Rangers, 61 mining, 31, 32, 44, 74, 78, 141, 167, Te Kooti, 28, 60 168, 169, 174, 179, 207, 236, 253, Te Pahi, 39 254 Tebaga Gap, Battle of (1943), 265 Natal, 30, 31, 49, 58, 75, 141, 170, 171 Tembu, 77, 219 Nationalist Party, 73, 75, 182 Tempsky, Gustavus von, 60 Natives Land Act (1913), xviii, 32, 75, Thomson, H. C., 21 76, 78, 80, 166, 167, 226, 254 Thompson, Andrew T., 120, 122, 124, Orange Free State, 31, 171 146, 206, 245 population, 29, 32, 38, 43, 58, 257, Thompson, William, 202 268 Thunderwater, 146 Transkei, 171, 226 Tirailleurs Senegalais, 72 Transvaal, 31, 52, 53, 78, 141, 170, Tonga, 108 171, 186 Tongaland, 31 South African Native National Congress trade, 2, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25, 45, 47, (SANNC), 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 90, 96, 69, 123, 242 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 168, 169, fish, 2, 17, 22, 25, 47 183, 253 flax, 2, 25 South African Union Defence Force fur, 17, 18, 19, 45, 123, 242 (UDF), 63, 64, 68, 73, 139, 172, war-related, 69 178, 267 Treager, Edward, 39 1st Brigade, 136 Treaty of Amity, Commerce and 2nd Brigade, 136 Navigation/Jay Treaty (1794), 3 7th Battalion, 136 Treaty of Berlin (1899), 54 Cape Auxiliary Horse Transport, 173 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 149 Cape Coloured Battalions, 172 Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768), 19 Cape Corps, 49, 136, 137, 172, 236 Treaty of Vereeniging (1902), 63 Cape Corps Labour Battalion, 173 Treaty of Waitangi (1840), 26, 27, 80 East Indian Stretcher Bearer Trinidad, 227 Companies, 137 Tripcony, Albert, 162 South African Native Labour Tuamotus, 108 Contingent (SANLC), viii, 9, 10, 75, Tunisia, 265 78, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, Turkey, 103 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, Tyali, H. M., 167

312 Index

United Nations (UN), 261, 263, 264, 269 White, J. B., 146 United States of America (USA), 3, 18, White, Walter, 53 19, 20, 35, 51, 54, 89, 119, 123, 149, Wild West Shows, 41, 191 185, 187, 217, 224, 261, 264 Wilson, Woodrow, 259, 260 blacks, 44, 146 Fourteen Points, 259 Bureau of Indian Affairs, 3, 20, 119, 224 Wolseley, Garnet, 20, 31, 46, 49, 89 Monroe Doctrine (1823), 46 Wynyard, Robert H., 47 Ute, 226 Xabanisa, A. K., 253 Vance, Jonathan, 262 Xhosa, 30, 44, 48, 252 Vietnam War, 266 cattle killings, 30 Villa, Pancho, 51 Xhosa Wars/Cape Frontier Wars (1779– Vimy Ridge, Battle of (1917), 54, 192 1879), 30, 49 Canadian Memorial, 4, 268, 269 Ypres, 71, 268 Wairarapa Mounted Rifles, 47, 61 Menin Gate, 268 Wakefield, A. W., 130 Second Battle of (1915), 73, 93, 112, Wakefield, William, 26 113, 114, 193 War of 1812 (1812–15), 18, 42, 46, 52, Third Battle of (1917). 89, 122 See Passchendaele Ward, Joseph, viii, 101 Yser, Battle of the (1914), 72 Warwick, Peter, 58 Waymistigoos, John, 208 Zibi, Z. F., 252 Weaver, J. M., 210 Zinn, Howard, 262 Western Front, 9, 68, 71, 72, 73, 75, 80, Zulu, 30, 31, 44, 49, 58, 75, 77, 78, 85, 97, 99, 110, 133, 135, 145, 149, 98, 170, 174, 175, 186, 189, 211, 160, 170, 192, 202, 210, 217, 237, 219 257, 258, 259 Zululand, 31, 44, 143