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FACTORS ASSOCIATED with GROUP COHESION AMONG BEEKEEPERS in OYO STATE, NIGERIA Omotesho, K

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED with GROUP COHESION AMONG BEEKEEPERS in OYO STATE, NIGERIA Omotesho, K Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 17, No. 2, 2017 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WIT. GROU2 CO.ESION AMONG EEKEE2ERS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA Omotesho, K. F., Adesiji, -. 4., Akinrinde, A. F., and Adabale, T. O. .epartment of Agricultural E0tension and Rural .evelopment, niversity of 2lorin, 2lorin, Nigeria Correspondence contact detailsA kfomoteshoJgmail.com; omotesho.kfJunilorin.edu.ng; 08034739568 A STRACT The success of the participatory approach to e0tension in Nigeria is threatened by poor willingness among farmers to sustain active membership of groups particularly in the absence of ongoing developmental projects on which to converge. The objectives of the study were to identify beekeepers> reasons for association membership; ascertain the level of satisfaction of members; assess the level of group cohesion, andidentify the constraints to cohesion. A two1stage random sampling techniDue was used to select 151 respondents across beekeepers> associations in the state. .ata were obtained through a structured Duestionnaire. .escriptive statistics and the Pearson>s Product 5oment Correlation were used to analyse data collected. The results revealed that all the beekeepers> associations were not limited by si6e, membership was open, and the average membership si6e was 31. Opportunity to share information was the most important reason why beekeepers joined the associations (5ean ScoreN3.46,. The study concluded that though membership satisfaction was low (5ean score N2.59,, the level of cohesion was fair (5eans ScoreN3.61,. 5embers> satisfaction, mode of group formation and age of the associations significantly influenced group cohesion at p]0.01. The study recommended that the moderate level of cohesion could be improved through training of members on group dynamics. Keywords5 -roup cohesion, 5embership satisfaction and 4eekeepers INTRODUCTION As with other aspects of agriculture in Apiculture is an age1long cottage industry Nigeria, bee1keeping is dominated by several involving the maintenance of bee colonies for the small1scale producers. Their scale of operation and production of honey and bee wa0. 2t is an aspect of their level of access to production resources and agriculture which though neglected in Nigeria marketing opportunities is a major impediment to provides means of livelihood for a considerable their output. A strategy to ameliorate these proportion of rural dwellers. Iith its ancient roots challenges is the establishment of vibrant economic in the 5iddle1East, apiculture has evolved over the interest groups that can assist the farmers to years, into a modern commercial agricultural ma0imise the benefits of economies of scale and activity. 9oney is a sweet, viscous, golden also strengthen their bargaining powers (Omotesho substance produced by bees from the nectar of et al., 2016,. flowering plants. 2t is food for man (often used as a Recent years have witnessed the increased healthier alternative to sugar,. Aside from its formation of farmers> cooperatives, farmers> prominence in traditional health care, honey is associations, farmers> unions, etc. These farmers> widely used as raw material in breweries, groups are self1help groups that can enable farmers pharmaceuticals, cosmetics industries etc. to accomplish as a group, tasks, goals, and 9oney production has been identified in functions that might prove difficult for individual many parts of the world as one of the most farmers to achieve (Ofuoku and Chukwuji, 2012,. lucrative enterprises. 2n the nited States, for According to Ofuoku et al. (2008,, in such groups, e0ample, about 109,799,366.60kg of honey worth members harness their financial resources for the $24,200,000.00 is produced each year (Famuyide et benefit of members. 5embership of groups also al. 2004,. Ethiopia is the ninth highest producer of enhances farmers> access to agricultural honey in the world and the largest producer and information. Ofuoku and rang (2009, opined that e0porter of honey and bee wa0 in Africa producing e0tension activities are now carried out in groups 44,000 tons> valued at $76.65(Canadian statistics, as a result of the inadeDuacy of field e0tension 2003,.. This statistics shows that beekeeping is a agents. 2t is important to note that the levels of primary source of revenue and foreign e0change. 2n achievement in farmer1groups depend largely on Nigeria, annual honey production is estimated at the degree of cohesion among its members. over 2000 tons, while the price ranges from Therefore, there is a need to strengthen group N100,000 ($278, to N200,000 ($566, per ton cohesion and cooperation among farmers> (Folayan and 4ifarin, 2013,. The demand for honey associations in order to achieve the purpose of is far above the supply in most parts of Nigeria group formation. (Oyo State inclusive,, and this has resulted in wide Cohesiveness is the degree to which adulteration. Production levels and Earnings can be members of a group desire to remain in the group. increased with improved beekeeping practices and That is measured by how closely the members marketing in Nigeria. interact or the resultant effect of all forces acting on the members to make them remain in the groups 58 Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 17, No. 2, 2017 (Ogionwoand Eke, 1999,. Cohesiveness is central 901A There is no significant relationship between to groups. 2t is considered vital in the group group characteristics and level of cohesion decision1making, goal attainment, identity and within the association member satisfaction. Cohesion is often viewed 902A There is no significant relationship between from a practical perspective, as inter1personal members> satisfaction and the level of attraction among members or to the group. 2t is in a cohesion within the association. sense, attraction to togetherness as opposed to attraction to the individuals who make up the MET.ODOLOGY groups. Study area - The study was carried out in Cohesion among groups is a critical Oyo State, south western Nigeria. The state is one determinant of success hence group1centred of important honey producing areas in Nigeria.The programs use a positive group setting and stress state shares an international boundary with the interaction, focusing on cohesion as one of the Republic of 4enin. Oyo state is mainly agrarian necessary steps toward change. As stakeholders of and inhabited by the )oruba ethnic group. The agriculture development programs, they must build state covers appro0imately 28,454km 2. The constructive interaction, cohesion, acceptance, eDuatorial climate is notably characterised with dry positive feedback, and a supportive group and wet seasons and a relatively high humidity. environment into the program design. This is Average daily temperature ranges between 25RC important to make diffusion of innovations easier, and 35RC almost throughout the year. The climatic reach a larger number of farmers within a limited condition of the state favours the cultivation of time and ease the job of e0tension agents. crops like mai6e, rice, yam, cassava, millet, Though beekeepers in Oyo State have plantain, cocoa, palm produce and cashew. established associations in every 3ocal Sampling procedure and sample siBe - -overnment Area in the State, not much has been The population for the study was made up of of all achieved by the groups. The failure of many farmer registered bee keepers> associations in Oyo State. groups in the country has been linked to low levels 4eekeepers association is the umbrella name in of willingness among farmers to sustain active Oyo State with 33 different chapters in each of the membership of groups particularly in the absence local governments. The list of the chapters in each of ongoing developmental projects on which to local government and their members was obtained converge. 2t has been reported that many farmer1 from the Oyo State 5inistry of Agriculture and groups are ad1hoc groups hurriedly put together to used as the sampling frame for the study. A simple access benefits from government or donor random sampling techniDue was used to select 15 agencies(Kolade and Trudy, 2014,. The few that percent of the members of each of the 33 have survived over time continue to be threatened beekeepers> associations in the study area. Afijio by corruption and leadership issues resulting in low (5,, Akinyele (4,, Atiba (6,, Atisbo (3,, Egbeda (7,, level of cohesion in many groups. 2n addition, the 2badan North (3,, 2badan North1east (3,, 2badan level of organisation and cooperation within many North1west (3,, 2badan South1east (4,, 2badan farmers> groups in Nigeria has been adjudged South1west (4,, 2barapa Central (6,, 2barapa East unsatisfactory in spite of the importance of groups (6,, 2barapa North (4,, 2do (6,, 2repo (3,, 2seyin (5,, to the economic advancement of farmers. Varied 2tesiwaju (4,, 2wajowa (4,, Kajola (3,, 3agelu (3,, levels of satisfaction have been reported among OgoOluwa (3,, Ogbomosho North (6,, Ogbomosho members of farmers> groups with implications for South (5,, Olorunsogo (4,, Oluyole (5,, Oorelope farmers> commitment to the groups. 2t is against (5,, OnaAra (4,, Orire (4,, Oyo East (6,, Oyo Iest this background that the study carried out an (5,, Saki East (6,, Saki Iest (4, and Surulere analysis of the factors associated with group (8,.This gave a total sample si6e of 151. cohesion among beekeepers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data collection and analysis - The The Specific objectives of the study were instrument for data collection was a structured toA Duestionnaire. .escriptive statistics were used to 1. describe the group characteristics of bee present the findings of the study. 3ikert scale was keepers> associations in Oyo state; used to assess respondents> reasons for 2. e0amine the reasons for membership of the membership, the level of satisfaction of members; associations; the level of cohesion among members of the 3. assess the level of satisfaction of bee keepers associations; and the constraints to cohesion among with their membership of the associations; the associations. 2ndividual cohesion score was 4. determine the level of cohesion among generated by summing the cohesion perception members of the associations; and statements and dividing by the number of the 5.
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