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Model Disability Survey General Results Ziarat District, Balochistan Province, Pakistan

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Model Disability Survey General Results Ziarat District, Balochistan Province, Pakistan MODEL THE WORLD BAN SUR MODEL DISABILITY SURVEY GENERAL RESULTS ZIARAT DISTRICT, BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE, PAKISTAN Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 2 1.1 How does the MDS measure disability? .......................................................... 2 1.2 What were the objectives of the implementation in Baluchistan? ....................... 3 2 Core results ....................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Households ................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Demographic characteristics ......................................................................... 5 2.3 Disability .................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Most affected daily life areas ......................................................................... 8 2.5 Health ...................................................................................................... 22 2.6 Work ....................................................................................................... 24 2.7 Education ................................................................................................. 25 2.8 Environmental factors ................................................................................ 26 2.9 Health care responsiveness ......................................................................... 33 2.10 Well-Being ............................................................................................. 35 1 MODEL THE WORLD BAN SUR 1 Introduction The Model Disability Survey (MDS) is a survey questionnaire used to collect data about disability in a country or country region. The MDS was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank in 2012, in consultation with international organisations, leading researchers, and DPOs. The survey helps countries authorities, NGOs and DPOs better understand the situation of people who have disability, especially their unmet needs as well as the barriers that they face in daily life. Governments use the data to develop disability policies and national or regional disability action plans that are based on the real-life situation of people who have disability. They also use the data to monitor and report on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals. NGOs and DPOs use the data to advocate for what is needed to ensure that people who have disability can enjoy their human rights fully on an equal basis with others. 1.1 How does the MDS measure disability? The MDS takes a broad approach by measuring disability taking into account health conditions (e.g. depression or diabetes) or impairments (e.g. vision or hearing loss) people have and the context in which they live. The context includes: - Barriers faced in the community, for instance being able to access public spaces; - Attitudes of others, for instance being treated with respect or considered able to work; - Social support received, for instance having family or friends one can count on; - Easiness of access to health care, for instance being able to see a family doctor; - Easiness of access to assistive products of good quality, such as a cane or wheelchair; - Laws in place that ensure rights, such the right to receive an education in regular schools. As a result of the interaction between health conditions or impairments and the context in which a person lives, disability might be faced in daily life, including: - impairments, such as pain, loss of cardiovascular function or loss of muscle power; - limitations in activities, such as moving around in the neighbourhood, eating or to tidying up oneself, and restrictions in participation in society, such as problems to work or to participate on community activities. The MDS approach also understands disability as a continuum that ranges from no disability to very high levels of disability, depending on the health conditions and the context of the person. Disability is a matter of degree, and no, mild, moderate or severe levels of disability can be differentiated for policy purposes. 2 MODEL THE WORLD BAN SUR The level of disability in countries and regions is influenced therefore not only by trends in health conditions and impairments but also by physical, human-built, attitudinal and socio- political barriers or facilitators. Natural disasters, such as long drought periods, conflict situations, such as war, or the number of traffic accidents, will affect disability levels in a population both by changing the prevalence of impairments and by creating physical barriers. 1.2 What were the objectives of the implementation in Baluchistan? Pakistan faces several challenges that are frequently associated with high levels of disability, such as a high prevalence of polio, insufficient maternal health care, problems with health care accessibility, chronic poverty, frequent natural disasters, and ongoing war on terror. Additionally, persons with severe impairments, such as paralysis or amputations, face overwhelming barriers in all aspects of life including education, livelihood, health care and skills development, and there is a lack of adequate legislation, policies and programming for persons with disability in Pakistan. The Taraqee Foundation is a non-governmental and non-profit national level organization working in Pakistan since 1994. It has implemented several small and large scale projects to assist marginalized communities in far flung areas of Baluchistan and other provinces of Pakistan. The Taraqee Foundation has vast experience of working on disability in the province and specifically in the district Ziarat, where has had a partnership with the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund in the scope of disability interventions for the last decade. The Taraqee Foundation supported a regional implementation of the MDS in the district Ziarat of Baluchistan to estimate how many people have severe, moderate and mild disability, and to identify the unmet needs as well as the barriers and inequalities faced by these persons in daily life. The data should be used to better plan services and policies for persons with disability and to advocate for a national data collection in Pakistan. Therefore, the objectives of the MDS in the Ziarat District, Balochistan, Pakistan are: 1. To estimate the prevalence of disability; 2. To determine the current disability distribution of the population; 3. To identify needs, barriers and inequalities faced by persons with different levels of disability; 4. To provide the information necessary for the development of future policy priorities to improve the lives of the population with disability in the Ziarat District. The sample size was extimated using the sample size determination formula for Lorenz's cross-sectional studies and a total minimum of 545 individual participants was set as the target sample. 3 MODEL THE WORLD BAN SUR 2 Core results 2.1 Households The mean, median and range of the number of people living in the 450 participating households by age category are given in Table 1. Table 1: Basic statistics of the number of people living in each household by age category Age group Mean (SD) Median Range Children up to 5 0.7622 (0.99) 0 0 - 4 Children between 5 and 18 2.331 (2.15) 2 0 - 12 Adults between 19-40 years old 2.596 (1.83) 2 0 - 11 Adults between 41-60 years old 0.8711 (0.84) 1 0 - 7 Adults older than 60 years old 0.5067 (0.69) 0 0 - 3 Total persons living in the household 7.067 (2.75) 7 2 - 15 The age and gender distribution of the people living in the selected households is visualized in Figure 1. Figure 1: Age and gender distribution of the of the people living in the selected households. 4 MODEL THE WORLD BAN SUR 2.2 Demographic characteristics The demographic characteristics of the sample of 450 individuals living in the Ziarat District are given in Table 2. The sample included 300 men and 150 women. While women were balanced distributed regarding age, the large majority of men (62.5%) were aged 18 to 39 years old. While almost all men were working (89%), the large majority of women didn’t work for pay (78%). The percentage of persons without any education in mucher higher in women (82%) than in men (22.3%). Given the large sex differences in the sample, results will be presented separately for men and women. Table 2: Demographic characteristics of the sample. Total sample Men Women Characteristic N % N % N % Age group (years) 18-39 233 52.5 185 62.5 48 32.4 40-59 139 31.3 84 28.4 55 37.2 >60 72 16.2 27 9.1 45 30.4 Total 444 100% 296 100% 148 100% Work status Not working 150 33.3 33 11 117 78 Working 300 66.7 267 89 33 22 Total 450 100% 300 100% 150 100% Education level No education 190 42.2 67 22.3 123 82 Elementary 17 3.8 16 5.3 1 0.7 Vocational 41 9.1 34 11.3 7 4.7 Secondary 122 27.1 117 39 5 3.3 Higher 76 16.9 64 21.3 12 8 Other 4 0.9 2 0.7 2 1.3 Total 450 100% 300 100% 150 100% Marital status Single 83 18.4 72 24 11 7.3 Married or legal 318 70.7 227 75.7 91 60.7 cohabitation Widowed 49 10.9 1 0.3 48 32 Total 450 100% 300 100% 150 100% 5 MODEL THE WORLD BAN SUR 2.3 Disability Disability is the outcome of the interaction between health conditions or impairments and features of the physical, human-built, attitudinal and socio-political environment in which the person lives.
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