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Feminism Part 2, Paper 10: Political Philosophy

Lecturer: Dr. Clare Chambers Faculty of Philosophy www.clarechambers.com

This is an extensive reading list, designed to: • Provide details for all the works discussed in the lectures, not all of which are feminist, and • Provide suggestions for further reading for those who want to develop their interest in , whether for supervision essays, Tripos examinations, extended essays and dissertations, or personal interest.

Asterisks indicate that the work is particularly important, stimulating, or pertinent to the Part 2 Political Philosophy syllabus.

Introductory and general works

• Banyard, Kat, The Equality Illusion: The Truth About Women & Men Today (Faber & Faber 2011) • Brownmiller, Susan, In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution (Random House, 1999) • * Bryson, Valerie, Feminist Political Theory: An Introduction • * Chambers, Clare, “Gender” in Catriona McKinnon (ed.) Issues in Political Theory (Oxford University Press, 2008; 2nd ed. 2011; 3rd ed. forthcoming). • * Chambers, Clare, “Feminism” in Michael Freeden, Lyman Tower Sargent and Marc Stears (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies (Oxford University Press, 2013). • Faludi, Susan, Backlash • * Fine, Cordelia, Delusions of Gender • * Okin, Susan Moller, Justice, Gender and the Family • Rhode, Deborah, Speaking of Sex: the denial of gender inequality • Squires, Judith, Gender in Political Theory • * Walter, Natasha, Living Dolls: The Return of (Virago, 2010) • Whelan, Imelda, Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to ‘Post-Feminism’

Lecture 1: Concepts, method and aims

• * Bartlett, Katherine, “Feminist Legal Methods” in Harvard Law Review 103, no. 4 (1990). • Butler, Judith, Gender Trouble • * Fausto-Sterling, Anne, Sexing the Body (Basic Books, 2000) and Myths of Gender. • * Fine, Cordelia, Delusions of Gender: The Real Science Behind Sex Differences (Icon, 2010) • Gatens, Moira, “Power, bodies and difference” in Barrett and Phillips, Destabilizing Difference • Helliwell, Christine, “It’s Only a Penis: Rape, Feminism and Difference” in Signs 25, no. 3 (2000) • Hirschmann, Nancy J., and Christine Di Stefano. Revisioning the Political: Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. • Krause, Sharon R. “Contested Questions, Current Trajectories: Feminism in Political Theory Today” in Politics & Gender Vol. 7 No. 1 (2011). Available at http://tinyurl.com/74stktv • * MacKinnon, Catharine, Towards a of the State Part II: “Method”. • Martínez-Patiño, María José, “Personal Account: A woman tried and tested” in Lancet (2005) http://www.aissg.org/PDFs/Patino-Tried-Tested-Lancet-2005.pdf • * Okin, Susan Moller, Justice, Gender and the Family chapters 1 and 8.

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Lecture 2: Feminism, liberalism and the law

• Abbey, Ruth, The Return of Feminist Liberalism (Acumen, 2011) • Berlin, Isaiah, “Two Concepts of Liberty” in his Four Essays on Liberty or in Miller, The Liberty Reader or in Michael Sandel (ed.) Liberalism and its critics. • Bryson, Valerie, Feminist Political Theory: An Introduction • * Fraser, Nancy, Justice Interruptus chapter 1: “From Redistribution to Recognition?” • Hirschmann, Nancy J. The Subject of Liberty: Towards a Feminist Theory of Freedom. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003 (especially chapter 1). • Kennedy, Helen, Eve Was Framed • * MacKinnon, Catharine, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State chapter 10 or : Discourses of Life and Law chapter 8. • Mill, John Stuart, The Subjection of Women • MacKinnon, Catharine, Women’s Lives, Men’s Laws chapter 1 (on the Equal Rights Amendment) • Radcliffe Richards, Janet, “Enquiries for liberators” in her The Sceptical Feminist. • Williams, Bernard, “The Idea of Equality” in P Laslett and WG Runciman, Philosophy, Politics and Society Series II or in Pojman and Westmoreland, Equality: Selected Readings • Wollstonecraft, Mary, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Lecture 3: The family and the Ethics of Care

• Bubeck, Diemut, Care, Gender, and Justice. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. • Delphy, Christine, and Diana Leonard, Familiar Exploitation: A New Analysis of Marriage in Contemporary Western Societies • Dworkin, Andrea, Heartbreak • * Fraser, Nancy, Justice Interruptus chapter 2: “After the Family Wage” • * Friedan, Betty, The Feminine Mystique • * Gilligan, Carol, In a Different Voice (or abridged version in Meyers, Feminist Social Thought: A Reader) • * Held, Virginia, The Ethics of Care • * Hochschild, Arlie Russell, and Anne Machung. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. London: Piatkus, 1990 • * Meyers, Diana, Feminist Social Thought: A Reader Part 6: “Care and its critics” • Nussbaum, Martha, Sex and Social Justice chapter 2: “The feminist critique of liberalism” • Oakley, Ann. The of Housework. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985. • * Okin, Susan Moller, Justice, Gender and the Family chapters 2, 6 and7. • * Ruddick, Sarah, “Maternal Thinking” in Feminist Studies Vol. 6 (1980) or in Meyers, Feminist Social Thought: A Reader • Sanchez, Laura, and Elizabeth Thomson. “Becoming Mothers and Fathers: Parenthood, Gender, and the Division of Labor.” Gender and Society 11, no. 6 (1997). • Smith, Joan, Misogynies and Different for Girls • Tronto, Joan, Moral Boundaries

Lecture 4: Femininity, masculinity and the body

• Bartky, Sandra Lee, “Foucault, Femininity and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power.” In Feminist Social Thought: A Reader, edited by Diana Tietjens Meyers. London: Routledge, 1997. • Blackledge, Catherine, The Story of V: Opening Pandora’s Box. Phoenix, 2003. • Bordo, Susan, “Feminism, Foucault and the Politics of the Body.” In Up against Foucault, edited by Caroline Ramazanoglu. London: Routledge, 1993. • Bordo, Susan, The Male Body: A New Look at Men in Public and in Private. New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2000. • * Bordo, Susan, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003. 3

• Butler, Judith, Gender Trouble. London: Routledge, 1999. Particularly chapter 1: “Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire” • Butler, Judith, Bodies That Matter • * Chambers, Clare, Sex, Culture, and Justice: The Limits of Choice. Penn State University Press: 2008. Part 1 • Davis, Kathy, Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgery. London: Routledge, 1995. • De Beauvoir, Simone, The Second Sex. • * Dworkin, Andrea, chapter 6. • Faludi, Susan, Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Male • Fausto-Sterling, Anne, Sexing the Body. Basic Books, 2000, and Myths of Gender. • * Fine, Cordelia, Delusions of Gender: The Real Science Behind Sex Differences (Icon, 2010) • Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, chapter on Panopticism Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991. • Foucault, Michel, The Will to Knowledge: The History of Sexuality: 1. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990. • Fraser, Nancy. “Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions.” In Michel Foucault (2): Critical Assessments, edited by Barry Smart. London: Routledge, 1995. • Gatens, Moira. “Power, bodies and difference.” In Destabilizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates, edited by Michele Barrett and Anne Phillips. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992. • Greer, Germaine, . London: Flamingo, 1991. • * Jeffreys, Sheila, Beauty and : harmful cultural practices in the West. London: Routledge, 2005. • MacKinnon, Catharine, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State chapter 6 “Sexuality” • McNay, Lois. Foucault and Feminism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992. • Martha Nussbaum, “The Professor of Parody” (critique of the work of Judith Butler), available on-line at http://www.akad.se/Nussbaum.pdf • Vincent, Norah, Self-Made Man: My Year Disguised as a Man • * Walter, Natasha, Living Dolls: The Return of Sexism (Virago, 2010) • Weitz, Rose (ed.), The Politics of Women’s Bodies: Sexuality, Appearance and Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. • * Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. London: Vintage, 1990 • * Young, Iris Marion, On Female Body Experience especially “Throwing Like A Girl”.

Lecture 5:

• Adams, Carol, The Pornography of Meat • Assiter, Alison and Avedon Carol (ed.), Bad Girls and Dirty Pictures: The Challenge to Reclaim Feminism • Assiter, Alison, Pornography, Feminism and the Individual • Brown , Wendy, States of Injury (Princeton: Princeton UP,1995), ch 4 • Cornell, Drucilla (ed.), Feminism and Pornography • Cornell, Drucilla, The Imaginary Domain: Abortion, Pornography and • * Dines, Gail, Pornland: How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality (Boston Press, 2010) • * Dworkin, Andrea, Pornography: Men Possessing Women • *Dworkin, Andrea, “Pornography is a Civil Rights Issue”. From her Letters From a War Zone, and available at http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/WarZoneChaptIVF1.html • Dworkin, Andrea, Woman Hating Part Two: “The Pornography” • * Dworkin, Ronald, ‘Do we have a right to pornography?’, in his A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP,1985) • * Dworkin, Ronald, ‘Pornography and Hate’ and ‘MacKinnon’s Words’, in his Freedom’s Law (OUP, 1996) • Ferguson, Ann, “Sex War: The Debate between Radical and Libertarian Feminists” in Signs Vol. 10 No. 1 (1984). Available at www.jstor.org/stable/3174240 4

• * Itzin, Catherine. (ed.) Pornography (OUP, 1992) • * Langton, Rae, “Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts” in Philosophy & Public Affairs Vol. 22 No. 4 (Autumn 1993), or in her Sexual Solipsism (OUP, 2009) • MacKinnon, Catharine and , In Harm’s Way: The Pornography Civil Rights Hearings • * MacKinnon, Catharine, Feminism Unmodified Part III: “Pornography”. • * MacKinnon, Catharine, (Harper Collins, 1994) • Moorcock, Michael, “Working in the Ministry of Truth: Pornography and Censorship in Contemporary Britain” in Itzin (ed.) Pornography. • Schlosser, Eric, Reefer Madness and other tales from the American underground chapter 3: “An Empire of the Obscene”. • Segal, Lynne, and Mary McIntosh, eds. Sex Exposed: Sexuality and the Pornography Debate. • * Strossen, N., Defending Pornography: free speech, sex and the fight for women’s rights (Abacus, 1996) • * Sunstein, Cass, “Neutrality in Constitutional Law (with special reference to pornography, abortion, and surrogacy).” Columbia Law Review 92, no. 1 (1992). • * Walter, Natasha, Living Dolls: The Return of Sexism (Virago, 2010) • * Williams, Bernard (ed.), Obscenity and Film Censorship: an abridgment of Williams Report (CUP, 1981) • Wosnitzer, Robert et al, “Aggression and Sexual Behavior in Best-Selling Pornography: A Content Analysis Update” available at https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/hivstd/conference/2008/handouts/Pre_Sexuality.pdf

Lecture 6: Rape, violence and fear

• * Archard, D., Sexual Consent (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998) • * Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977. • Buchwald, Emilie, Pamela Fletcher and Martha Roth (eds.), Transforming A Rape Culture. Milkweed Editions, 2005. • * Dworkin, Andrea, Life and Death: Unapologetic writings in the undeclared war against women. • Gordon, Margaret and Stephanie Riger, The Female Fear. New York: Macmillan, 1989. • Greer, Germaine, The Whole Woman chapter “Fear”. • Helliwell, Christine, “It’s Only a Penis: Rape, Feminism and Difference” in Signs 25, no. 3 (2000) • Horley, Sandra. The Charm Syndrome: Why Charming Men Can Make Dangerous Lovers. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991. • * Kennedy, H., Eve was framed (Chatto and Windus, 1992), chapter 5 • * Lees, S., Carnal Knowledge: Rape on Trial (Penguin Books, 1996) • * MacKinnon, C., Towards a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1989) chapter 9 • * MacKinnon, Catharine, Are Women Human? Parts 1 and 3. • McGregor, Joan, Is it Rape? On Acquaintance Rape and Taking Women’s Consent Seriously. Ashgate, 2005. • Smith, Joan, Misogynies chapter “M’Learned Friends” • * Tomaselli, S. & Porter (eds), Rape: an historical and social inquiry (Blackwell, 1989) • Travis, Cheryl Brown (ed.), Evolution, Gender and Rape. • Wertheimer, Alan, Consent to Sexual Relations 5

Useful and interesting websites – more suggestions welcome

• Andrea Dworkin: • online library http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/dworkin/index.html • video and audio library http://andreadworkin.com/audio/ • memorial http://www.andreadworkin.net/memorial/ • Feminist Philosophers blog http://feministphilosophers.wordpress.com/ • Feminist Theory Website http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/enin.html • ’ website, author of Pornland http://www.gaildines.com • International Prostitutes Collective http://www.prostitutescollective.net • London Feminist Network http://londonfeministnetwork.org.uk • Looks Philosophical: This is what a philosopher looks like http://looksphilosophical.tumblr.com • Mamamia blog: celebrity images before and after photoshopping. http://www.mamamia.com.au/style/18-celebrity-photoshop-before-and-after-images/ • Ms Magazine http://www.msmagazine.com • OBJECT pressure group, and their “top shelf” campaign, at http://www.object.org.uk • Rape Crisis http://www.rapecrisis.org.uk • Refuge http://www.refuge.org.uk • http://www.stoppornculture.org • The F-Word: Contemporary UK feminism http://www.thefword.org.uk • The Fawcett Society http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk • is full of interesting articles on gender and feminism. See http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/women • UK Government Equalities Office https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/government-equalities-office • UK Equality Act 2010: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2010/ukpga_20100015_en_1 • UK Feminista: http://www.ukfeminista.org.uk • US Equal Rights Amendment http://www.equalrightsamendment.org • US National Organisation for Women http://www.now.org/index.html

Novels relating to feminism and gender – more suggestions welcome Almost all novels tell you something interesting about gender. Those listed here focus explicitly on the topic.

• Atwood, Margaret, The Handmaid’s Tale – and most other Atwood novels • Dworkin, Andrea Mercy, Ice and Fire, First Love and the new woman’s broken heart • Eugenides, Jeffrey, Middlesex • Faber, Michel, The Crimson Petal and the White • French, Marilyn, The Women’s Room • Lessing, Doris, The Golden Notebook • Perkins Gilman, Charlotte, Herland and The Yellow Wallpaper • Sebold, Alice, Lucky • Woolf, Virginia, Orlando