Th of Kirke the Two He Avenly

x

r s nt

I continu il ustration

inﬂu nc of N Aryan East upon H llas a subj ct which hav discuss d in by inv stigation of a articular rsonag and pisod trust that this study will bring into still cl ar r romin nc fact that arl st and at sam tim most important links b tw n ast st subj ct is also
Po ms constitut of in strict continuation of my prior mythological s arch s and as I hav al ady tr at d s pa at y of Sun ion sos oon in and tars in and so in m th of Kirk two h av nly rotagonists ill a ar in clos conn xion alik ith

ac oth r and ith st llar host As pr viously sta d such inv stigations int nd d to

butions

and highly important study of

arc aic psychology mighty ha p of Hom r is h ptach rd
Po ms r s lv th ms lv s into a s v nfold asp ct which may d not d by t rms R ligion logy Folklor Archa logy History Humanity and Linguistic and v ry f om last word upon any th s divisions Inv stigators

chos this or that branch of

study in accord

anc wit th ir tast s and opp rtuniti s works with spad anoth r historically at d ciph rm nt a third on lin s of linguistic sci nc a fou th upon hos of comparativ myth logy th s lab urs truly valuabl va ious subj cts

int rtwin and int rp n t at

goal will

ach d but is not and m anwhil hall ll to r cogniz importanc of car ful and sci ntiﬁc ort in v ry portion of ﬁ ld

uch of a st ictly inguistic charact r still r mains to don in study t xt of

and

Esp cially should all r c rri g

formulas and pith ts ith r obscur or appar ntly not pa ticularly appropriat r c iv car ful att ntion in a c mparativ point vi w unint lligibl and s mingly unsuitabl constantly survivals f om a prior stag and g n rally b com luminous by aid of comparison

ix

o ms of cours Ar an in charact r
Aryan l m nt how v r important is xc ptional

and s bordinat
Whil r j ct any imaginary moral graft d on a myth in a comparativ ly lat shall do w ll at sam tim to think of Natur as arli st Gosp l of is and of nobl st myths as adumbrating and s tting forth in a c rtain mann r inﬁnit r aliti s Wh n Sokrat s in

has quot d

l g nd of dyss us in

Shad s and told how h ro saw inos holding a

sc ptr of gold and giving laws to d ad adds th s nobl and m morabl words Now I am p rsuad d of truth of th s things and I consid r how I shall pr s nt my soul whol and b for Judg in that day R nouncing honours at which world aims I d sir nly to know Truth and to liv as w ll as I can wh n tim com s to And to utmost of my pow r I xhort all oth r to do sam

R ON ON
R I IONS
S C IO
N

R

IR

S N

S

O
NO I S IR

V I I S IR
R NS OR ION

X

S

O

S

I OIN S IN
IR

A RE IATIO S

d

S

dd

d

S

ddd

S

d

S
S

bl l l

SECTION I
O with his ship s cr w having scap d fr m who d scrib d as b i g giant cannibals com s to irk own sist r of and daught r of H li s and P rs daught r of On third day
Isl wh r dw l aft r th ir a rival h ro r connoitr s and having notic d smok and ﬂam afar in woodland tu ns to ship with a stag upon which company f ast N xt mor ing divid s his band and s nds

with to xplor country
T y ﬁnd palac of irk in for st sur round d by tam and b witch d wolv s and lions Th y h ar godd ss singing as wo ks at a mighty and hail and bids th m nt r

ga s

alon r mains without and

aft r long watching r turns to Odyss us ith n ws that his f llows had disa p ar d in pa ac anwhil irk havi g s at d gu sts mak th m a m ss mix d with ha mful drugs which caus

th m to for t th i hom Wh n th hav drunk potion smit s th m with magic wand wh r upon th y b com swin and shut up in sti s but still r tain th ir human ind Odyss us now arms hims lf and s s out to r scu of his and on his way m ts ith rm s who in him how to b hav and giv s magic h rb by m ans of which wi nabl d to succ ssfull d fy nchantm nts of irk Having nt r d palac ro is s at d by godd ss on a goodly chair and giv n drugg d otion in a gold n cup smit s him with wand and bids him join his company in sty but is not b witch d and drawing sword springs

upon With a gr at

clasps his kn s

and surmising that must Odyss us s ks his lov mak s sw ar that wi l not hurt him wh n nak d m anwhil four handmaids daught rs of w lls woods and iv rs busy th m s lv s hall pr par a m al and a bath of th m wash s anoints with oil and dr ss s h ro who how v r r fus s to tast banqu t ntil his comrad r stor d to man s s at which is don accordingly Odyss us th n r turns to

ship and conducts

and his f llows to

halls of irk wh r th y r main in ac and pl nty for a y ar wh n h ro s companions sug g st to him that it is tim to part irk cons nts and informs him that must s k Und rwo ld in ord r to consult soothsay r T ir sias giv s

him full dir ctions for p rilous journ y and at dawn cloth s him v ils h ad and pass s l ghtly away having s nt a br z to ﬁll v ss l s sail h ro th n voyag s to Land of D ad and aft rwards r turns to abod of i k who again kindly nt tains him and his and h ars his story Having instruct d r sp cting s v al dang rs which await him dismiss s him at dawn with a favourabl wind

This bri f out in of

will s rv

to r fr sh r ad r s m mory r sp cting famous story and I would also r f him to xc ll nt

of tal by iss J E Har ison who has v ry ably illustrat d its asp ct in po try and art has not how v thought ﬁt pass on of myth a task which I shall now

att mpt

v l p

SECTION II will facilitat inv stigati n to compar in ﬁrst plac two myst rious godd ss s K k and a pro ss which sh ws that though is actuall a r dup ication of oth r that th y m r ly variant phas s of sam g at pow r p incipal points of r s mblanc b tw n th m as f llows
Each is a fair and lov ly godd ss in a r m t i land att nd d by handmaid ns
II Each is conn ct d with g ld silv r and w av s a ighty as sings
Each sp cially d c ib d as fai hai d
IV Each is sp cially styl d an awful g dd ss m tal s ch
V Each has a b autiful dw lli g surround d by w ods
VI Each l v s ro who unwillingly r turns pas i n and whom is p rmitt d to r tain
Each sw ars s l mnly not inj r h o
VII Each s s that is bath d and dr ss d

x

v x

x

v x

v

x

v x v

ach at dawn clad h rs lf in a gr shining rob ight of woof and gracious and about waist cas a fai gold n girdl and put a v il upon h ad
Each wh n h ro d art d s nt a w lcom br z to sp d him on his way dw lls in isl gygia nav l of but this circumstanc impli s no n c ssa y di r nc b tw n two godd ss s sinc nam m r ly m ans oc an and so in r al ty qually appli s to g n
Nors girt island and

nam s

and

r ad god stormy who r app ars in od rn tim s as w l kn wn or tidal riv r wav and Ogr variant phas s originally xp ssiv of t r or xcit d by

vast and t mp stuous

who app ars

in and as an archaic g is always conn ct d with a ﬂood and his nam is quival nt to prim val in r f r c to uppos d pristin

wat ry chaos

fol owing Windisch

mann and Pict t bs rv s Son nom m m para t d riv c lui qui d signait primitiv m nt d lug dans idiom s ary ns sanscrit Pau amo gst his almost innum rabl valuabl

v

x

v
V

V

xxxv p l

littl scraps of bscur mythic p digr has s rv d fact that h ro El usis C ming Sun god was according to som son
Knowing daught r of according to oth rs son of but thus illus id ntity of two latt r Sun god constantly springs in mythic p digr from Oc an and som knowing light bringing nymph for primarily to s to know and darkn ss ignoranc uns n ﬁrst point of r al di r nc b tw n two

is daught r

g dd ss s is in par ntag

of Atlas Enduring who hims lf upholds ta l pillars which k p arth and sky asund r Atlas is a p rsoniﬁcation of that p w r which sustains h av n ab v arth in kosmic o d r s lar H akl s ssay d task but aft r a tim at night was f ign to r tir in favour of mor during Atlas who thus and also b caus at night luna and st llar h av n which upb ars com s into fu l st pro n nc is mo a nocturnal than a diurnal p rsonag and h nc po t appli s to

p culia pith t

a titl which

sha s with and and which as Gladston not s s ms to imply in som for a formidabl injurious craft ss s Butch r and Lang r nd r x r ssion wis and t rribl but I

r f r to t ansla it by t rm bal ful for highly myst rious Cav rn solar mythology
Egyptia dw ll ng of alypso is r mot in that yst ious which towa ds W st is form d by und ﬁn d bl nding of Ov rs a mar

agnum sin in which solar and luna ba qu s sai Oc an prop r which of unknown and awful va tn ss nrings world idgard and Und rs a invisibl and fathoml ss to man and in which gold n solar boat cup disapp ars l k Kirk although thus dw ll ng afar is p culiarly l abl to sway of H rm s Wind p w r upon clouds who is abl to blot fr m h av n and so to d stroy in a mom nt b auty of cav And thus wh n H rm s is s nt to with a command it is in his charact r of A g iphont s who can put out thousand

starry y s of Arg s

which o bs

Gl aming h av n puts in p acock s tail
H rm s as Z us m ss g r w l kn ws his pow r and although int rvi w b tw n him and is mark d by a charming court sy on both sid s wh n gr at slay r of A gos d parts his ﬁnal word to godd ss is Sp d him dyss us now up n his path and hav r gard unto wrath of Z us l st haply ang r d and b a hard on th h r aft r

N v l v

V

v
V

v

oth irk and w ll acquaint d with riv r Styx at ful which was con

with Und rs a and b ing a f atur in r al of d ath and darkn ss b cam v ry typ of dr ad ns n and thus suppli d a conc pt for most sol mn oaths although upon whol a mor t nd d id al than Kirk is n c s arily to a gr at xt nt distinctly lunar inasmuch as mo n always

is and must h ad of ight light is also as will furth r app ar consid rably mor Aryan in cha than sist r godd ss basis of myth is too wid to monopolis d by any sp cial rac of mankind and th r for som of stori s conn ct d with it A yan in origin hilst oth s not form r class has b n su ﬁci nt y r f rr d to by Aryan mythologists and Sir G W Cox w ll

says of d lling of

that it is hom

of Tara Bai Star maid n of Hindu f lklor b ing who can n ith r grow old nor and witch ry of whos lull ng songs no mortal may with stand is m di val tradition ntic s ill fat d abod of Ursula Littl bright myriad star maid ns to which V nus of as o pos d to wh r fairy qu n k s Thomas Rim r a not

v x

S

xx

lb ﬂ b k v v b

unwilling prison r maj sty b auty d grada ti n and h rror of Night qu n combin d in varying phas s of a singl con pt H kat in long car r from H siod to Shaksp r

V

b b

S

b

v W

pl

S CTION III will d sirabl in n xt plac to dis ntangl from story a parasitic ov rgrowth of imaginary morality This which is v ry di r nt f om that of Kirk has b n chi ﬂy wov n around luckl ss comrad s Odyss us and pr s nts a notabl instanc of h dl ssn ss with which form a judg m nt and of facility with which an anci nt rror is hand d down from to Thus l arn that
S krat s s s b ast f rm only a symbol mad to gr din ss Stoics ﬁnd a s mon r ad

hand Circ is for t m incarnation of b st lik irrationality discov rs in dr ad aught r of H lios an imp rsonation of animal p tit orac b com s quit s v r ly virtuous wh n cal s his fri nd s att ntion to what sup pos s w r admirabl obj cts b lli
Ho r it s ms wrot his po ms much for sam moral r asons which induc d Johnson to com os Int mp ranc d v lop d in various ways produc s dismal r sults at

I

v

roy and bard n xt proc ds to show quid virtus quid sapi ntia us a att rn charact r Odyss us xhibits b for nobis
This vi w is d l ghtfully absurd x mplar and all mor so b caus it is so grav l and hon stly advanc d by a and worldl ng lik orac Odyss us having v ry judiciously avoid d g tting

hims lf kill d at roy most prop rl wish s to com his ducation by trav l w mak rand tour and r turn to vastly improv d torum urb s mor s Aft r pa ing a round of visits amongst yklop s i k
Shad s of

ad

Skylla Cha ybdis and

would naturally r turn hom r pl t with irtu as arry Sa dford hims lf But alas v n this grand x mplar had no upon his infatuat d com

rad s

continu s Horac to his fri nd

acqu int d ith voic s of Sir ns and cu s of Circ this was no doubt strictly tru of which if
Ulyss s had foo shly and gr dil drunk with his companions

d

p

l

But suppos som
Fath r of
Church Cl m nt of A xandria T rtull an

or Augustin had said to him How dar you hold up an x m lar of virtu a wand ring vagabond who liv d in adult ry ﬁrst with f mal and th n with anoth r pr t nding whil that d sir d no thi g so much as to r turn to his wif And this story Circ and Ulyss s is most profoundly oral not m r ly in its incid nts but sp cially in this that only sinn r party was Ulyss s hims lf who scap d scot fr with many advantag hilst his uno nding f i nds w r s v r ly p nish d To avoid t lling forc of argum nts such as th s wh n appli d to gods g n rally lat r Pagan philosoph rs w r f ign to ak r fug may hop in som cas s unwillingly in tangl d jungl s of Plato is wh r th y and p rish d mis ra ly but had th y b n Comparativ ythol gists th y would had an asy r ply to this obj c ion of th ir Christian ppon nts fro to luckl ss comrad s h ro hav had to b ar many a taunt and point moral

until r ach

of ilton and swinish

multitud of Burk
But wh n turn to story its lf ﬁnd no fault stat d or impli d against party by nl ss ind d it is a fault to d c iv d by sup rhuman pow r Th r is no sugg stion that th y drank of cup gr dily in sty th y did not njoy acorns and mast and fruit of corn l tr wh r on wallowing swin do always batt n h ro mou ns th ir hapl ss cas and a passag p haps un xc ll d in b auty by any in w l

po m d scrib s how th w r mor than r stor d to th ir for r stat not pardon d for th had don no wrong
It is tru that hog as of most nous animals is sac d V nus and that cording to Pythag r an doctrin s bas d upon a

misconc ption of this story lustful

trans

But th is no sugg stion in w r s inish in f rm d into hogs tal that band of such s ns nor again is any sp cial str ss laid upon th ir b ing turn d into for round palac of godd ss w r b witch d wolv s and lion and

f ar of

was that irk would su l

chang us to swin wolv s ions to guard gr at hous
I n d not how v r nlarg furth r upon this point for ind d mo nt r m mb r that story what v r its subs qu nt l m nts may is ba d upon obs rvation of atural ph nom na which it f qu ntly r lat s with a t uly curious

curacy

at onc that s rious y pr dicat

moral ty or immorality of p rsoniﬁ d Sun or his att ndants of oon or of Ni ht is absurd Fro th ir long and m lancholy d gradation in this con gods hav b n at l ngth and it is no long r n c ssary to r gard Jupi r b oad bright h av n lov s countl ss nymphs as Solomon of a ha m I am v ry far f om ith r sa ing or

k bj v

ll

Z

x
SECTION at pr s nt day th r x sts any anci nt tak s story of k and Odyss us to a gr at xt nt m r ly stripping

sup rnatural l m nt aft r fashion in which som sa s tr at Four Gosp ls I will not att mpt to disturb his r pos or

d d l l d l d

him trac in p ac voyag of h r up dit rran an and in tim bring him back again
But having got rid of crud m al st it is p rhaps d si abl to n tic how his br th r in

rro

Platonist has d alt with rk sto y

I hav notic d that N Pla nism xt nd d and

of cours cr at d Chri tian
Eu m ism Lik v ry oth phas of mind it aris s v ry simply and naturally An anci nt story v n rabl and hallow d d sc nds to a compa ativ ly lat and r gard it with a ctionat r v r nc It not truth but it contains truth arry hav l ng c as d b li v it l t rally

occultl

not our appar ntl simpl anci nt

in r alit as full of pro

st ri s sa s

found signiﬁcanc as any of your boast d myths tr at d of om r or siod So rat that th y as I will show nay mor so t achings and int r r tations w r conn ct d with liv s of Abraham and Jos ph and

oth rs but

world not to outdon

tr at d th ir ntir mythol gy in a similar fa hi n syst m has but fault it is found d on unsupport d fancy and arbitrar ass rtion
That