The Changing Chinese Linguistic Situation in Suriname Under New Migration
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The Guangzhou-Hongkong Strike, 1925-1926
The Guangzhou-Hongkong Strike, 1925-1926 Hongkong Workers in an Anti-Imperialist Movement Robert JamesHorrocks Submitted in accordancewith the requirementsfor the degreeof PhD The University of Leeds Departmentof East Asian Studies October 1994 The candidateconfirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where referencehas been made to the work of others. 11 Abstract In this thesis, I study the Guangzhou-Hongkong strike of 1925-1926. My analysis differs from past studies' suggestions that the strike was a libertarian eruption of mass protest against British imperialism and the Hongkong Government, which, according to these studies, exploited and oppressed Chinese in Guangdong and Hongkong. I argue that a political party, the CCP, led, organised, and nurtured the strike. It centralised political power in its hands and tried to impose its revolutionary visions on those under its control. First, I describe how foreign trade enriched many people outside the state. I go on to describe how Chinese-run institutions governed Hongkong's increasingly settled non-elite Chinese population. I reject ideas that Hongkong's mixed-class unions exploited workers and suggest that revolutionaries failed to transform Hongkong society either before or during the strike. My thesis shows that the strike bureaucracy was an authoritarian power structure; the strike's unprecedented political demands reflected the CCP's revolutionary political platform, which was sometimes incompatible with the interests of Hongkong's unions. I suggestthat the revolutionary elite's goals were not identical to those of the unions it claimed to represent: Hongkong unions preserved their autonomy in the face of revolutionaries' attempts to control Hongkong workers. -
Background I. Names
Background I. Names 1. China It used to be thought that the name ‘China’ derived from the name of China’s early Qin dynasty (Chin or Ch’in in older transcriptions), whose rulers conquered all rivals and initiated the dynasty in 221 BC. But, as Wilkinson notes (Chinese History: A Manual: 753, and fn 7), the original pronunciation of the name ‘Qin’ was rather different, and would make it an unlikely source for the name China. Instead, China is thought to derive from a Persian root, and was, apparently, first used for porcelain, and only later applied to the country from which the finest examples of that material came. Another name, Cathay, now rather poetic in English, but surviving as the regular name for the country in languages such as Russian (Kitai), is said to derive from the name of the Khitan Tarters, who formed the Liao dynasty in north China in the 10th century. The Khitan dynasty was the first to make a capital on the site of Beijing. The Chinese now call their country Zhōngguó, often translated as ‘Middle Kingdom’. Originally, this name meant the central – or royal – state of the many that occupied the region prior to the unification of Qin. Other names were used before Zhōngguó became current. One of the earliest was Huá (or Huáxià, combining Huá with the name of the earliest dynasty, the Xià). Xià, in fact, combined with the Zhōng of Zhōngguó, appears in the modern official names of the country, as we see below. 2. Chinese places a) The People’s Republic of China (PRC) [Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó] This is the political entity proclaimed by Máo Zédōng when he gave his speech (‘China has risen again’) at the Gate of Heavenly Peace [Tiān’ān Mén] in Beijing on October 1, 1949. -
The Status of Cantonese in the Education Policy of Hong Kong Kwai Sang Lee and Wai Mun Leung*
Lee and Leung Multilingual Education 2012, 2:2 http://www.multilingual-education.com/2/1/2 RESEARCH Open Access The status of Cantonese in the education policy of Hong Kong Kwai Sang Lee and Wai Mun Leung* * Correspondence: waimun@ied. Abstract edu.hk Department of Chinese, The Hong After the handover of Hong Kong to China, a first-ever policy of “bi-literacy and Kong Institute of Education, Hong tri-lingualism” was put forward by the Special Administrative Region Government. Kong Under the trilingual policy, Cantonese, the most dominant local language, equally shares the official status with Putonghua and English only in name but not in spirit, as neither the promotion nor the funding approaches on Cantonese match its legal status. This paper reviews the status of Cantonese in Hong Kong under this policy with respect to the levels of government, education and curriculum, considers the consequences of neglecting Cantonese in the school curriculum, and discusses the importance of large-scale surveys for language policymaking. Keywords: the status of Cantonese, “bi-literacy and tri-lingualism” policy, language survey, Cantonese language education Background The adjustment of the language policy is a common phenomenon in post-colonial societies. It always results in raising the status of the regional vernacular, but the lan- guage of the ex-colonist still maintains a very strong influence on certain domains. Taking Singapore as an example, English became the dominant language in the work- place and families, and the local dialects were suppressed. It led to the degrading of both English and Chinese proficiency levels according to scholars’ evaluation (Goh 2009a, b). -
Intonation in Hong Kong English and Guangzhou Cantonese-Accented English: a Phonetic Comparison
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 724-738, September 2020 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1105.07 Intonation in Hong Kong English and Guangzhou Cantonese-accented English: A Phonetic Comparison Yunyun Ran School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, China Jeroen van de Weijer School of Foreign Languages, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China Marjoleine Sloos Fryske Akademy (KNAW), Doelestrjitte 8, 8911 DX Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Abstract—Hong Kong English is to a certain extent a standardized English variety spoken in a bilingual (English-Cantonese) context. In this article we compare this (native) variety with English as a foreign language spoken by other Cantonese speakers, viz. learners of English in Guangzhou (mainland China). We examine whether the notion of standardization is relevant for intonation in this case and thus whether Hong Kong English is different from Cantonese English in a wider perspective, or whether it is justified to treat Hong Kong English and Cantonese English as the same variety (as far as intonation is concerned). We present a comparison between intonational contours of different sentence types in the two varieties, and show that they are very similar. This shows that, in this respect, a learned foreign-language variety can resemble a native variety to a great extent. Index Terms—Hong Kong English, Cantonese-accented English, intonation I. INTRODUCTION Cantonese English may either refer to Hong Kong English (HKE), or to a broader variety of English spoken in the Cantonese-speaking area, including Guangzhou (Wong et al. -
Cotton on Group Supplier List 2018 Cotton on Group - Supplier List 2
Cotton On Group supplier list 2018 Cotton On Group - Supplier List _2 TOTAL % OF FEMALE % OF MIGRANT/ PARENT COUNTRY FACTORY NAME SUPPLIER ADDRESS STAGE WORKERS WORKERS TEMP COMPANY (IF APPLICABLE) UNIT 4/22 NARABANG WAY AUSTRALIA AXIS TOYS BELROSE CMT 3 67 0 NSW 2085 10 CHALDER STREET AUSTRALIA BODYTREATS AUSTRALIA MARRICKVILLE CMT 3 3 0 NSW 2204 32 CHESTERFIELD AVE BONDI CONSTELLATION PTY LTD MALVERN AUSTRALIA T/A ZEBRA HOMEWARES AND CMT 4 67 0 MELBOURNE SMILING ZEBRA SUITE 6, 60 LANGRIDGE ST AUSTRALIA I SCREAM NAILS COLLINGWOOD CMT VIC 3066 42 BARKLY ST INNOVATIVE BEVERAGE CO PTY AUSTRALIA ST KILDA CMT 7 29 0 LTD VIC 3182 UNIT 1, 57-59 BURCHILL STREET AUSTRALIA LIFESTYLE JEWELLERY PTY LTD LOGANHOLME CMT 20 56 0 QLD 4129 90 MARIBYRNONG CT AUSTRALIA LONELY PLANET FOOTSCRAY CMT VIC 3011 88 KYABRAM ST AUSTRALIA MERCATOR PTY LTD COOLAROO CMT VIC 3048 3/1490 FERNTREE GULLY ROAD AUSTRALIA WARRANBROOKE PTY LTD KNOXFIELD CMT VIC 3180 HARI BARITEK BANGLADESH A&A TROUSERS PUBAIL COLLEGE GATE CMT 1973 61 0 N/A GAZIPUR SINGAIR ROAD, DEKKO ACCESSORIES BANGLADESH AGAMI ACCESSORIES LTD HEMAYETPUR, RAW MATERIALS 324 25 0 LIMITED SAVAR, DHAKA GOLORA, CHORKHONDO, BANGLADESH AKIJ TEXTILE MILLS LTD MANIKGANJ SADAR, FABRIC/MILLS 1904 18 0 AKIJ GROUP MANIKGANJ Supplier List as at June 2018 Cotton On Group - Supplier List _3 BOIRAGIRCHALA BANGLADESH AMANTEX UNIT 2 LTD SREEPUR, INPUTS 74 0 0 N/A GAZIPUR 468-69, BSCIC I/A, SHASHONGAON BANGLADESH AMS KNITWEAR LTD ENAYETNAGAR, FATULLAH CMT 212 83 0 N/A NARAYANGONJ-1400 SATISH ROAD BANGLADESH ANAM CLOTHING LTD -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2016 ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 6, 2016 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 21–471 PDF WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 19:58 Oct 05, 2016 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\AR16 NEW\21471.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Cochairman Chairman JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina TOM COTTON, Arkansas TRENT FRANKS, Arizona STEVE DAINES, Montana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois BEN SASSE, Nebraska DIANE BLACK, Tennessee DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio GARY PETERS, Michigan MICHAEL M. HONDA, California TED LIEU, California EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS CHRISTOPHER P. LU, Department of Labor SARAH SEWALL, Department of State DANIEL R. RUSSEL, Department of State TOM MALINOWSKI, Department of State PAUL B. PROTIC, Staff Director ELYSE B. ANDERSON, Deputy Staff Director (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 19:58 Oct 05, 2016 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 U:\DOCS\AR16 NEW\21471.TXT DEIDRE C O N T E N T S Page I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 5 Recommendations to Congress and the Administration .............................. -
Languages Supported Spring 2020
LANGUAGES SUPPORTED SPRING 2020 1-888-556-5541 Languages in Motion Ltd. #300, 404 6th Ave SW Calgary, AB, T2P 0R9 On-Site Interpreters | Scheduled LD1 LD2 Arabic Kinyarwanda* Cambodian (Khmer)* Albanian* Kiswahili* Japanese Amharic Korean Armenian Kurdish - Bahdini* Assyrian Kurdish - Kurde* Azerbaijani* Kurdish - Kurmanchi* Bengali* Kurdish - Sorani* Bulgarian* Lingala* Chao-Chow* Macedonian* Chin (Hakachin)* Malayalam* Chinese (Cantonese)* Nepali* Chinese (Mandarin) Oromo Chinese (Hakka)* Pashto Chinese (Hokkien)* Persian/Farsi Chinese (Shanghainese)* Polish Chinese (Taishanese)* Portuguese Chinese (Toisanese)* Punjabi Dari Romanian* Dinka* Russian French Somali* Fukinese* Spanish German Swahili* Greek* Tagalog/Filipino* Gujarati* Tamil* Hebrew* Tigrinya* Hindi Turkish Igbo* Twi* Ilocano* Ukrainian Italian* Urdu Kikuyu* Vietnamese* Kinyamulenge* *Availability varies as there are only one or two local interpreters available. Your Account Manager will contact you if an interpreter is not available for the selected time and arrange a different date or suggest OPI/VRI service. On-Demand & Scheduled Video Remote Interpreters Fully Supported for VRI From 8am MST-10pm MST Pilot phase for the select VRI languages From Monday to Friday Hold and connections times may vary LD1 LD2 LD2 Arabic Burmese Amharic Chinese (Cantonese) Nepali Guianese Creole Chinese (Mandarin) Somali Gujarati French Swahili Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Vietnamese Hmong Portuguese (Brazil) Hungarian Portuguese (Portugal) Italian Russian Japanese Spanish Kabuverdianu Karen -
Shanghainese Vowel Merger Reversal Full Title
0 Short title: Shanghainese vowel merger reversal Full title: On the cognitive basis of contact-induced sound change: Vowel merger reversal in Shanghainese Names, affiliations, and email addresses of authors: Yao Yao The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [email protected] Charles B. Chang Boston University [email protected] Address for correspondence: Yao Yao The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 1 Short title: Shanghainese vowel merger reversal Full title: On the cognitive basis of contact-induced sound change: Vowel merger reversal in Shanghainese 2 Abstract This study investigated the source and status of a recent sound change in Shanghainese (Wu, Sinitic) that has been attributed to language contact with Mandarin. The change involves two vowels, /e/ and /ɛ/, reported to be merged three decades ago but produced distinctly in contemporary Shanghainese. Results of two production experiments showed that speaker age, language mode (monolingual Shanghainese vs. bilingual Shanghainese-Mandarin), and crosslinguistic phonological similarity all influenced the production of these vowels. These findings provide evidence for language contact as a linguistic means of merger reversal and are consistent with the view that contact phenomena originate from cross-language interaction within the bilingual mind.* Keywords: merger reversal, language contact, bilingual processing, phonological similarity, crosslinguistic influence, Shanghainese, Mandarin. * This research was supported by -
De Sousa Sinitic MSEA
THE FAR SOUTHERN SINITIC LANGUAGES AS PART OF MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA (DRAFT: for MPI MSEA workshop. 21st November 2012 version.) Hilário de Sousa ERC project SINOTYPE — École des hautes études en sciences sociales [email protected]; [email protected] Within the Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) linguistic area (e.g. Matisoff 2003; Bisang 2006; Enfield 2005, 2011), some languages are said to be in the core of the language area, while others are said to be periphery. In the core are Mon-Khmer languages like Vietnamese and Khmer, and Kra-Dai languages like Lao and Thai. The core languages generally have: – Lexical tonal and/or phonational contrasts (except that most Khmer dialects lost their phonational contrasts; languages which are primarily tonal often have five or more tonemes); – Analytic morphological profile with many sesquisyllabic or monosyllabic words; – Strong left-headedness, including prepositions and SVO word order. The Sino-Tibetan languages, like Burmese and Mandarin, are said to be periphery to the MSEA linguistic area. The periphery languages have fewer traits that are typical to MSEA. For instance, Burmese is SOV and right-headed in general, but it has some left-headed traits like post-nominal adjectives (‘stative verbs’) and numerals. Mandarin is SVO and has prepositions, but it is otherwise strongly right-headed. These two languages also have fewer lexical tones. This paper aims at discussing some of the phonological and word order typological traits amongst the Sinitic languages, and comparing them with the MSEA typological canon. While none of the Sinitic languages could be considered to be in the core of the MSEA language area, the Far Southern Sinitic languages, namely Yuè, Pínghuà, the Sinitic dialects of Hǎinán and Léizhōu, and perhaps also Hakka in Guǎngdōng (largely corresponding to Chappell (2012, in press)’s ‘Southern Zone’) are less ‘fringe’ than the other Sinitic languages from the point of view of the MSEA linguistic area. -
The Global Consumer Culture': an Empirical Study
THE GLOBAL CONSUMER CULTURE': AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE NETHERLANDS Kamila Sobol A Thesis in The John Molson School of Business Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science in Administration (Marketing) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada July 2008 © Kamila Sobol, 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42543-5 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42543-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese
Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese Grainger Lanneau A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Washington 2020 Committee: Zev Handel William Boltz Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2020 Grainger Lanneau University of Washington Abstract Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese Grainger Lanneau Chair of Supervisory Committee: Professor Zev Handel Asian Languages and Literature Middle Chinese glottal stop Ying [ʔ-] initials usually develop into zero initials with rare occasions of nasalization in modern day Sinitic1 languages and Sino-Vietnamese. Scholars such as Edwin Pullyblank (1984) and Jiang Jialu (2011) have briefly mentioned this development but have not yet thoroughly investigated it. There are approximately 26 Sino-Vietnamese words2 with Ying- initials that nasalize. Scholars such as John Phan (2013: 2016) and Hilario deSousa (2016) argue that Sino-Vietnamese in part comes from a spoken interaction between Việt-Mường and Chinese speakers in Annam speaking a variety of Chinese called Annamese Middle Chinese AMC, part of a larger dialect continuum called Southwestern Middle Chinese SMC. Phan and deSousa also claim that SMC developed into dialects spoken 1 I will use the terms “Sinitic” and “Chinese” interchangeably to refer to languages and speakers of the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. 2 For the sake of simplicity, I shall refer to free and bound morphemes alike as “words.” 1 in Southwestern China today (Phan, Desousa: 2016). Using data of dialects mentioned by Phan and deSousa in their hypothesis, this study investigates initial nasalization in Ying-initial words in Southwestern Chinese Languages and in the 26 Sino-Vietnamese words. -
Traditional Chinese Phonology Guillaume Jacques Chinese Historical Phonology Differs from Most Domains of Contemporary Linguisti
Traditional Chinese Phonology Guillaume Jacques Chinese historical phonology differs from most domains of contemporary linguistics in that its general framework is based in large part on a genuinely native tradition. The non-Western outlook of the terminology and concepts used in Chinese historical phonology make this field extremely difficult to understand for both experts in other fields of Chinese linguistics and historical phonologists specializing in other language families. The framework of Chinese phonology derives from the tradition of rhyme books and rhyme tables, which dates back to the medieval period (see section 1 and 2, as well as the corresponding entries). It is generally accepted that these sources were not originally intended as linguistic descriptions of the spoken language; their main purpose was to provide standard character readings for literary Chinese (see subsection 2.4). Nevertheless, these documents also provide a full-fledged terminology describing both syllable structure (initial consonant, rhyme, tone) and several phonological features (places of articulation of consonants and various features that are not always trivial to interpret, see section 2) of the Chinese language of their time (on the problematic concept of “Middle Chinese”, see the corresponding entry). The terminology used in this field is by no means a historical curiosity only relevant to the history of linguistics. It is still widely used in contemporary Chinese phonology, both in works concerning the reconstruction of medieval Chinese and in the description of dialects (see for instance Ma and Zhang 2004). In this framework, the phonological information contained in the medieval documents is used to reconstruct the pronunciation of earlier stages of Chinese, and the abstract categories of the rhyme tables (such as the vexing děng 等 ‘division’ category) receive various phonetic interpretations.