Shakers/Mixers for EPA Methods
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Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel 1. Scope And
Alpha Analytical, Inc. ID No.:2165 Facility: Mansfield Revision 8 Department: Organic Extractions Published Date:8/9/2013 10:58:53 AM Title: Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel 3510 Page 1 of 11 Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel References: EPA 3510C, SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update III, 1997. Method 8081B , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007. Method 8082A , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007. Method 8270D , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007 1. Scope and Application Matrices: This method is applicable to aqueous samples. Definitions: Refer to Alpha Analytical Quality Manual. This method describes the procedure for extracting water-insoluble and lightly water-soluble organic compounds from aqueous samples. The method also describes concentration techniques suitable for preparing the extract for the various determinative methods listed in Table 1. The data report packages present the documentation of any method modification related to the samples tested. Depending upon the nature of the modification and the extent of intended use, the laboratory may be required to demonstrate that the modifications will produce equivalent results for the matrix. Approval of all method modifications is by one or more of the following laboratory personnel before performing the modification: Area Supervisor, Department Supervisor, Laboratory Director, or Quality Assurance Officer. This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of trained analysts. -
Microlab® STAR™
Microlab ® STAR™ Microlab ® STAR ™ AUTOMATED WORKFLOW SOLUTIONS CENTERED AROUND YOUR ASSAY The STAR combines Hamilton's patented pipetting technology including precise lock-and-key tip attachment, unrivaled liquid level detection, and comprehensive volume ranges to create flexible liquid handling workstations. Available in three base platform sizes, the STAR portfolio incorporates countless options to automate your workflows. Hamilton Robotics has also partnered with top leaders in the biotechnology industry to provide Standard Solutions based on commonly automated applications. Offering ready-to-start protocols for a variety of applications such as NGS, ELISA, and forensic assays, our Standard Solutions provide a faster way to automate your processes. 2 1 PATENTED TECHNOLOGY The STAR utilizes Hamilton’s proprietary Compressed O-Ring Expansion (CO-RE®) technology. CO-RE minimizes the production of aerosols and allows disposable tips or washable, steel needles to be used on channels in the same run. 2 MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ARM Our technology offers high pipetting accuracy and precision, from sub-microliter to large volumes, using Independent Channels and/or the Multi-Probe Head (MPH). Labware transportation is possible with the iSWAP® or CO-RE Grippers. The STAR can incorporate a camera, tube transportation, and other channel tools on a single arm. Comprehensive pipetting range: ■■■0.5 μL to 1 mL using the 1 mL Independent Channel ■■■50 μL to 5 mL using the 5 mL Independent Channel ■■■1 μL to 1 mL using the CO-RE 96 MPH ■■■0.1 μL to 50 μL using the CO-RE 384 MPH 3 FLEXIBLE SETUP The high-capacity deck is customized specific to your workflow, accommodating a wide range of labware and automated devices that can easily be exchanged to support multiple assays on one platform. -
Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are Blind Or Low Vision
Supalo et al.: Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are Blind or Low Vision Vol. 13, No. 1- Spring, 2009 Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are ● , Danielle Dwyer, Heather, L. Eberhart, Blind or Low Vision Natasha Bunnag, Thomas E. Mallouk Cary A. Supalo, Danielle Dwyer, Heather L. Eberhart, Natasha Bunnag, and Thomas E. Mallouk Abstract: The Independent Laboratory Access for the Blind (ILAB) project has developed a suite of speech accessible tools for students who are blind or low vision to use in secondary and post- secondary science laboratory classes. The following are illustrations of experiments designed to be used by educators to introduce them to the ILAB tools, and to demonstrate how these tools can be incorporated into standard laboratory experiments. Information about the Lawrence Hall of Science’s SAVI/SELPH curriculum is also discussed. INTRODUCTION A 1993 study found that over 2/3 of graduates from the schools for the blind were unem- Residential schools for the blind have pro- ployed and a significant percentage received vided educational services to students who uncompetitive wages (6). In addition, only are blind or low vision (BLV) for well over 2.7% of the workforce in the science, technol- 100 years (1). In 1975, the passage of public ogy, engineering, and mathematics professions law 94-142 (Education of All Handicapped are physically disabled, and, of this percent- Children Act, later renamed the Individuals age, only a small number are blind (2). Provid- with Disabilities Education Act) started the ing blind and visually impaired students with trend for students who are blind to enter the the opportunity to work in a science labora- mainstream classroom (2). -
Orbital Shaker Benchmarks: Best Practices for Use and Maintenance
APPLICATION NOTE Orbital shaker benchmarks: best practices for use and maintenance Authors: Mary Kay Bates, Senior Global Cell Culture Specialist and Sara Livingston, Global Product Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific Key words: Orbital shaker, HEPA filter, cleaning, orbit diameter INTRODUCTION Most life science labs have an orbital shaker—often more than one— because these versatile workhorses are used in many applications including chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, environmental and food sciences, clinical diagnostics, and eukaryotic Figure 1. Orbital shakers are available in a wide variety of sizes and formats. cell culture. Usage extends from basic research all the way up to maintenance schedule. In all cases, for before discarding any packing bioproduction. Shakers come in the manufacturer’s recommendations materials; some small parts can be a wide range of sizes and formats for each model take precedence and accidentally discarded. (Figure 1), including open air, heated, should be followed. or refrigerated. Choosing among Recognize that orbital shakers, these many options can be confusing, INSTALLATION regardless of size, can be heavier than and your application may require a Upon delivery of your new shaker, you may think. Take care when lifting specific shaker style1. inspect the shipping carton and the shaker, ensure you have at least ask the carrier to specify and sign one other person to help you, and that Regardless of the models used, this for any damage on your delivery the shelf or bench designated to hold application note contains valuable receipt, to ensure that any damage the shaker will be strong enough. information which applies to all to the components can be properly orbital shakers. -
Thermo Scientific Solutions Automated Liquid Handling, Detection Model Cat
THERMO SCIENTIFIC AUTOMATED LIQUID HANDLING, DETECTION AND SAMPLE PURIFICATION SOLUTIONS Versette™ RapidStak™ Also available: 96-and 384-channel Automated Microplate • A complete range of 96- and 384-well solid and strip microplates. Automated Liquid Handler Stacker • A complete line of sample storage tubes and equipment. • Total volume range 0.5-300 µl • Works seamlessly with • A complete range of Thermo Scientific manual and electronic • 96- and 384-channel interchangeable the entire Multidrop line of single and multichannel pipettes and tips. pipetting heads dispensers • Laboratory automation solutions for microplate instrument systems. • Compatible with D.A.R.T.sTM tips with • Schedule and automate any unique sealing properties two instruments with the • 6-position stage with compact dual level Thermo ScientificTM PolaraTM RS deck structure software For additional information contact your ™ • User-friendly programming options • Capacity from 30 to 150 plates Thermo Fisher Scientific sales representative or visit: with onboard touch screen or Thermo • Quick and easy setup www.thermoscientific.com/kingfisherinfo ScientificTM ControlMateTM PC software Model Cat. No. www.thermoscientific.com/versette RapidStak F01350 www.thermoscientific.com/multidrop RapidStak 2x F01351 Model Cat. No. www.thermoscientific.com/platereaders 30-Plate Stak Versette F01436 www.thermoscientific.com/wellwash Reference Guide Versette base unit 650-01-BS 50-Plate Stak F01437 www.thermoscientifc.com/ELISAsolutions 96- and 384-channel pipetting module for use with 650-02-NTC Polara RS Inquire 96- and 384-channel pipetting head 6-position stage 650-03-SPS Versette Pipetting Heads Orbitor RS™ 96-channel air displacement pipetting head. 650-06-9630 Volume 0.5-30 µl Automated Microplate Mover • Dedicated plate mover providing 96-channel air displacement pipetting head. -
Extraction Read 5.1 & 2.18 & 2.21 in Your Lab Text. Extraction Is A
Extraction Read 5.1 & 2.18 & 2.21 in your lab text. Extraction is a separation technique based on differences in solubilities of substances in two immiscible solvents (usually water and a water insoluble organic solvent). solubility in solvent 1 Kc = partition coefficient = ------------------------ solubility in solvent 2 example: Given compound A, K (ether:water) = 4.0, how much of A can be extracted from a solution of 10.0 g of A in 100 mL of water with a single portion of 100 mL of ether? X / 100 mL ether Kc = 4.0 = ------------------------------- (10.0 - X) / 100 mL water X = 8.0 grams of A extracted into the ether -same as above, but extract two times with 50 mL of ether each time. X / 50 mL ether first extraction: Kc = 4.0 = ------------------------- (10.0 - X) / 100 mL water X = 6.67 grams of A extracted Y / 50 mL ether second extraction: Kc = 4 0 = ----------------------------- (3.33 - Y) / 100 mL water Y = 2.22 grams of A extracted total extracted = X + Y = 6.67 + 2.22 = 8.89 grams ==> multiple extractions with smaller amounts of solvent are more efficient than a single extraction with the same total amount of solvent. DRYING: an organic liquid that has been in contact with water is "wet" (contains some water). To "dry" it, use an inorganic drying agent. See Table 2.1 in your lab text. EXTRACTION AND WASHING The processes of extraction and washing are mechanically the same. Extraction refers to the recovery of a desired substance from a complex mixture, while washing denotes the removal of unwanted material. -
William Collins & Kenny Miller
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES & EXPERIMENTS Organic Chemistry I William Collins & Kenny Miller The Lab Notebook and Grading A copy of Edison’s lab notebook. 1 SECTION 1 Chemistry 250-251 Lab Policies The lab is an integral and essential part of the Organic Chemistry c) Be aware of all safety precautions discussed in each experi- course. It must be completed satisfactorily in order for the student ment and in the prelab safety lecture. to receive credit for the course. Please note the following FLC d) Pay particular attention to proper ways of cleaning equip- policies. ment and disposing of chemical wastes. • The student must attend his/her scheduled lab section and e) Keep your drawer and equipment clean and organized for carry out the experiment in the week that it is scheduled. Un- efficient laboratory work. der extenuating circumstances, the student may attend a “make‑up” lab section at another time during the same week • All lab work should be written up and reported in a manner de- with the prior approval of the scheduled instructor and the scribed in this lab manual. Late lab books will receive lower make‑up instructor. Otherwise, credit will not be given for that grades. Please consult your laboratory instructor for further in- experiment. structions. • If the student fails to satisfactorily complete any experiment or fails to properly check out of lab at the end of the course, he/she may be assigned an incomplete (I) for the course or a failing grade (F). • In order to insure your safety in the laboratory, it is important to come well prepared to the lab each week: a) Please read all assigned material in this manual before each experiment. -
Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Reactions That Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds Are Among the Most Useful to the Synthetic Organic Chemist
1 Experiment 12: Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds are among the most useful to the synthetic organic chemist. In 1912, Victor Grignard received the Nobel prize in chemistry for his discovery of a new series of reactions that result in the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. A Grignard synthesis first involves the preparation of an organomagnesium reagent via the reaction of an alkyl bromide with magnesium metal: δ– δ+ R Br + Mg R MgBr The resulting “Grignard reagent” acts as both a good nucleophile and a strong base. Its nucleophilic character allows it to react with the electrophilic carbon in a carbonyl group, thus forming the carbon-carbon bond. Its basic property means that it will react with acidic compounds, such as carboxylic acids, phenols, thiols and even alcohols and water; therefore, reaction conditions must be free from acids and strictly anhydrous. Grignard reagents will also react with oxygen to form hydroperoxides, thus they are highly unstable when exposed to the atmosphere and are generally not isolated from solution. For a variety of reasons, anhydrous diethyl ether is the solvent of choice for carrying out a Grignard synthesis. Vapors from the highly volatile solvent help to prevent oxygen from reaching the reaction solution. In addition, evidence suggests that the ether molecules actually coordinate with and help stabilize the Grignard reagent: Et Et O R Mg Br O Et Et The magnesium metal used in the synthesis contains a layer of oxide on the surface that prevents it from reacting with the alkyl bromide. The pieces of metal must be gently scratched while in the ether solution to expose fresh surface area so that the reaction can commence. -
2021 Product Guide
2021 PRODUCT GUIDE | LIQUID HANDLING | PURIFICATION | EXTRACTION | SERVICES TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 | ABOUT GILSON 56 | FRACTION COLLECTORS 4 | COVID-19 Solutions 56 | Fraction Collector FC 203B 6 | Service Experts Ready to Help 57 | Fraction Collector FC 204 7 | Services & Support 8 | OEM Capabilities 58 | AUTOMATED LIQUID HANDLERS 58 | Liquid Handler Overview/selection Guide 10 | LIQUID HANDLING 59 | GX-271 Liquid Handler 11 | Pipette Selection Guide 12 | Pipette Families 60 | PUMPS 14 | TRACKMAN® Connected 60 | Pumps Overview/Selection Guide 16 | PIPETMAN® M Connected 61 | VERITY® 3011 18 | PIPETMAN® M 62 | Sample Loading System/Selection Guide 20 | PIPETMAN® L 63 | VERITY® 4120 22 | PIPETMAN® G 64 | DETECTORS 24 | PIPETMAN® Classic 26 | PIPETMAN® Fixed Models 66 | PURIFICATION 28 | Pipette Accessories 67 | VERITY® CPC Lab 30 | PIPETMAN® DIAMOND Tips 68 | VERITY® CPC Process 34 | PIPETMAN® EXPERT Tips 70 | LC Purification Systems 36 | MICROMAN® E 71 | Gilson Glider Software 38 | DISTRIMAN® 72 | VERITY® Oligonucleotide Purification System 39 | REPET-TIPS 74 | Accessories Overview/Selection Guide 40 | MACROMAN® 75 | Racks 41 | Serological Pipettes 43 | PLATEMASTER® 76 | GEL PERMEATION 44 | PIPETMAX® CHROMATOGRAPHY (GPC) 76 | GPC Overview/Selection Guide 46 | BENCHTOP INSTRUMENTS 77 | VERITY® GPC Cleanup System 46 | Safe Aspiration Station & Kit 47 | DISPENSMAN® 78 | EXTRACTION 48 | TRACKMAN® 78 | Automated Extraction Overview/ 49 | Digital Dry Bath Series Selection Guide 49 | Roto-Mini Plus 80 | ASPEC® 274 System 50 | Mini Vortex Mixer 81 | ASPEC® PPM 50 | Vortex Mixer 82 | ASPEC® SPE Cartridges 51 | Digital Mini Incubator 84 | Gilson SupaTop™ Syringe Filters 86 | EXTRACTMAN® 52 | CENTRIFUGES 52 | CENTRY™ 103 Minicentrifuge 88 | SOFTWARE 53 | CENTRY™ 117 Microcentrifuge 88 | Software Selection Guide 53 | CENTRY™ 101 Plate Centrifuge 54 | PERISTALTIC PUMP 54 | MINIPULS® 3 Pump & MINIPULS Tubing SHOP ONLINE WWW.GILSON.COM 1 ABOUT US Gilson is a family-owned global manufacturer of sample management and purification solutions for the life sciences industry. -
Method 3510C: Separatory Funnel Liquid-Liquid Extraction
METHOD 3510C SEPARATORY FUNNEL LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 This method describes a procedure for isolating organic compounds from aqueous samples. The method also describes concentration techniques suitable for preparing the extract for the appropriate determinative methods described in Section 4.3 of Chapter Four. 1.2 This method is applicable to the isolation and concentration of water-insoluble and slightly water-soluble organics in preparation for a variety of chromatographic procedures. 1.3 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of trained analysts. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this method. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD 2.1 A measured volume of sample, usually 1 liter, at a specified pH (see Table 1), is serially extracted with methylene chloride using a separatory funnel. 2.2 The extract is dried, concentrated (if necessary), and, as necessary, exchanged into a solvent compatible with the cleanup or determinative method to be used (see Table 1 for appropriate exchange solvents). 3.0 INTERFERENCES 3.1 Refer to Method 3500. 3.2 The decomposition of some analytes has been demonstrated under basic extraction conditions. Organochlorine pesticides may dechlorinate, phthalate esters may exchange, and phenols may react to form tannates. These reactions increase with increasing pH, and are decreased by the shorter reaction times available in Method 3510. Method 3510 is preferred over Method 3520 for the analysis of these classes of compounds. However, the recovery of phenols may be optimized by using Method 3520, and performing the initial extraction at the acid pH. -
Laboratory Equipment Used in Filtration
KNOW YOUR LAB EQUIPMENTS Test tube A test tube, also known as a sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom. Beakers Beakers are used as containers. They are available in a variety of sizes. Although they often possess volume markings, these are only rough estimates of the liquid volume. The markings are not necessarily accurate. Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer flasks are often used as reaction vessels, particularly in titrations. As with beakers, the volume markings should not be considered accurate. Volumetric flask Volumetric flasks are used to measure and store solutions with a high degree of accuracy. These flasks generally possess a marking near the top that indicates the level at which the volume of the liquid is equal to the volume written on the outside of the flask. These devices are often used when solutions containing dissolved solids of known concentration are needed. Graduated cylinder Graduated cylinders are used to transfer liquids with a moderate degree of accuracy. Pipette Pipettes are used for transferring liquids with a fixed volume and quantity of liquid must be known to a high degree of accuracy. Graduated pipette These Pipettes are calibrated in the factory to release the desired quantity of liquid. Disposable pipette Disposable transfer. These Pipettes are made of plastic and are useful for transferring liquids dropwise. Burette Burettes are devices used typically in analytical, quantitative chemistry applications for measuring liquid solution. Differing from a pipette since the sample quantity delivered is changeable, graduated Burettes are used heavily in titration experiments. -
That Is Meletta Question
CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2003 PROJECT SUMMARY Name(s) Project Number Daniel G. Epperson J0505 Project Title To Press or Espress "O". That is Meletta Question Abstract Objectives/Goals My objective is to determine the relative amount of caffeine in the various ways my parents make coffee in my house. They make coffee by using a Krups home espresso maker, Melitta filter, and coffee press. They use the same amount of coffee beams to brew cups with each method Methods/Materials Coffee samples (single cups of coffee each made with a 25g sample of ground beans) made from a Krupps Espresso maker, Melita drip, and coffee press, will have caffeine removed by extraction. The caffeine will be isolated and weighed. The extraction of each coffee sample will be accomplished with three Methylene Chloride washings in a separatory funnel. The methylene chloride washings will be filtered and then evaporated, leaving caffeine residue behind. The caffeine residue will be weighed by difference. Results The results of this experiment showed that coffee made with the Krups home espresso maker had the most caffeine compared to the Melitta Drip and Coffee Press. Conclusions/Discussion In my experiment the caffeine content was the highest in the espresso. The reason could have been for the higher temperatures of water (steam) used to brew the coffee. Because I was analyzing for a very small amount of caffeine using a normal triple beam balance and glassware, my results could have had some errors. A more precise analytical balance would have been nice to have but it was not available at the time.