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Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel 1. Scope And
Alpha Analytical, Inc. ID No.:2165 Facility: Mansfield Revision 8 Department: Organic Extractions Published Date:8/9/2013 10:58:53 AM Title: Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel 3510 Page 1 of 11 Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel References: EPA 3510C, SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update III, 1997. Method 8081B , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007. Method 8082A , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007. Method 8270D , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007 1. Scope and Application Matrices: This method is applicable to aqueous samples. Definitions: Refer to Alpha Analytical Quality Manual. This method describes the procedure for extracting water-insoluble and lightly water-soluble organic compounds from aqueous samples. The method also describes concentration techniques suitable for preparing the extract for the various determinative methods listed in Table 1. The data report packages present the documentation of any method modification related to the samples tested. Depending upon the nature of the modification and the extent of intended use, the laboratory may be required to demonstrate that the modifications will produce equivalent results for the matrix. Approval of all method modifications is by one or more of the following laboratory personnel before performing the modification: Area Supervisor, Department Supervisor, Laboratory Director, or Quality Assurance Officer. This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of trained analysts. -
EXPERIMENT 15 TF Notes
EXPERIMENT 15 TF Notes 1. Have students log onto LoggerPro3 and start heating water as soon as they arrive 2. This reaction is easily contaminated so students must never insert the thermometer directly into the cuvette containing the reaction. Instead they should rather measure the temperature of the water and equate that to the temperature of the solution in the cuvette. 3. We will be using hot gloves in this experiment. 4. Make sure you are familiar with the calculations necessary to fill out the chart. All the necessary equations are given at the top fo the page. Note that the temperature must be converted from °C to K. EXPERIMENT 15 Thermodynamics of Complex-Ion Equilibria Introduction Thermodynamic data for a reaction system provides researchers with information that is important from both theoretical and practical points of view. There are several thermodynamic properties that chemists pay close attention to when designing or carrying out experiments such as thermodynamic stability, the change in free energy of a reaction, and temperature dependence. For example, if a chemist wants to create a new type of solar cell that combines a semiconductor material with a novel conductive oxide and wants to make sure that the two materials will not react with each other, thermodynamics provide the answer. By finding the free energy change associated with the reaction, s/he can determine how stable the layers are in contact with each other and to what temperature. In this experiment, you will learn how to determine those parameters from a controlled experiment by using spectrometry to find concentration data at various temperatures. -
Laboratory Equipment Reference Sheet
Laboratory Equipment Stirring Rod: Reference Sheet: Iron Ring: Description: Glass rod. Uses: To stir combinations; To use in pouring liquids. Evaporating Dish: Description: Iron ring with a screw fastener; Several Sizes Uses: To fasten to the ring stand as a support for an apparatus Description: Porcelain dish. Buret Clamp/Test Tube Clamp: Uses: As a container for small amounts of liquids being evaporated. Glass Plate: Description: Metal clamp with a screw fastener, swivel and lock nut, adjusting screw, and a curved clamp. Uses: To hold an apparatus; May be fastened to a ring stand. Mortar and Pestle: Description: Thick glass. Uses: Many uses; Should not be heated Description: Heavy porcelain dish with a grinder. Watch Glass: Uses: To grind chemicals to a powder. Spatula: Description: Curved glass. Uses: May be used as a beaker cover; May be used in evaporating very small amounts of Description: Made of metal or porcelain. liquid. Uses: To transfer solid chemicals in weighing. Funnel: Triangular File: Description: Metal file with three cutting edges. Uses: To scratch glass or file. Rubber Connector: Description: Glass or plastic. Uses: To hold filter paper; May be used in pouring Description: Short length of tubing. Medicine Dropper: Uses: To connect parts of an apparatus. Pinch Clamp: Description: Glass tip with a rubber bulb. Uses: To transfer small amounts of liquid. Forceps: Description: Metal clamp with finger grips. Uses: To clamp a rubber connector. Test Tube Rack: Description: Metal Uses: To pick up or hold small objects. Beaker: Description: Rack; May be wood, metal, or plastic. Uses: To hold test tubes in an upright position. -
Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are Blind Or Low Vision
Supalo et al.: Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are Blind or Low Vision Vol. 13, No. 1- Spring, 2009 Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are ● , Danielle Dwyer, Heather, L. Eberhart, Blind or Low Vision Natasha Bunnag, Thomas E. Mallouk Cary A. Supalo, Danielle Dwyer, Heather L. Eberhart, Natasha Bunnag, and Thomas E. Mallouk Abstract: The Independent Laboratory Access for the Blind (ILAB) project has developed a suite of speech accessible tools for students who are blind or low vision to use in secondary and post- secondary science laboratory classes. The following are illustrations of experiments designed to be used by educators to introduce them to the ILAB tools, and to demonstrate how these tools can be incorporated into standard laboratory experiments. Information about the Lawrence Hall of Science’s SAVI/SELPH curriculum is also discussed. INTRODUCTION A 1993 study found that over 2/3 of graduates from the schools for the blind were unem- Residential schools for the blind have pro- ployed and a significant percentage received vided educational services to students who uncompetitive wages (6). In addition, only are blind or low vision (BLV) for well over 2.7% of the workforce in the science, technol- 100 years (1). In 1975, the passage of public ogy, engineering, and mathematics professions law 94-142 (Education of All Handicapped are physically disabled, and, of this percent- Children Act, later renamed the Individuals age, only a small number are blind (2). Provid- with Disabilities Education Act) started the ing blind and visually impaired students with trend for students who are blind to enter the the opportunity to work in a science labora- mainstream classroom (2). -
Manual: Zetasizer Nano Accessories Guide
! www.malvern.com Zetasizer nano series Malvern Instruments Limited Printed in England MRK1378-01 Enigma Business Park Q & Grovewood Road, Malvern Worcs, WR14 1XZ, U.K. SelAccessories Guide Tel: +44 (0) 1684 892456 Fax: +44 (0) 1684 892789 Malvern Zetasizer Nano accessories guide MAN0487 Issue 1.1 April 2013 Copyright © 2007 - 2013 Malvern Instruments Ltd. Malvern Instruments pursues a policy of continual improvement due to technical development. We therefore reserve the right to deviate from information, descriptions, and specifications in this publication without notice. Malvern Instruments shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. No reproduction or transmission of any part of this publication is allowed without the express written permission of Malvern Instruments Ltd. Head office: Malvern Instruments Ltd. Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 1XZ United Kingdom. Tel + [44] (0)1684-892456 Fax + [44] (0)1684-892789 Zetasizer, Malvern and the 'hills' logo are registered trademarks in the UK and/or other countries, and are owned by Malvern Instruments Ltd. NIBS and M3-PALS are trademarks of Malvern Instruments. M3 is granted Euro Pat No: 1 154 266 DE FR. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Tygon is a registered trademark of Saint-Gobain Corporation. Hellmanex is a registered trademark of Hellma GmbH & Co. KG. Table of contents Introduction and accessory range Introduction . 1-1 Accessory range. 1-1 General cells and cuvettes Introduction . 2-1 Cuvette holder . 2-2 Cell and cuvettes . 2-3 Size and molecular weight cuvettes . -
130-77 Instruction Manual Updated 10/20/2020 Ver
OFITE HTHP Viscometer Part No. 130-77 Instruction Manual Updated 10/20/2020 Ver. 9 OFI Testing Equipment, Inc. 11302 Steeplecrest Dr. · Houston, Texas · 77065 · U.S.A. Tele: 832.320.7300 · Fax: 713.880.9886 · www.ofite.com ©Copyright OFITE 2015 Intro ..................................................................................................2 Table of Components ....................................................................................3 Contents Specifications .................................................................................5 Setup ................................................................................................6 Computer ....................................................................................6 Viscometer ..................................................................................7 Control Panel ..................................................................................8 Operation .........................................................................................9 Software Start ...............................................................................14 Calibration .....................................................................................18 Fluid Manager ...........................................................................22 Software ........................................................................................23 Options ......................................................................................23 Save Rate Settings -
Laboratory Supplies and Equipment
Laboratory Supplies and Equipment Beakers: 9 - 12 • Beakers with Handles • Printed Square Ratio Beakers • Griffin Style Molded Beakers • Tapered PP, PMP & PTFE Beakers • Heatable PTFE Beakers Bottles: 17 - 32 • Plastic Laboratory Bottles • Rectangular & Square Bottles Heatable PTFE Beakers Page 12 • Tamper Evident Plastic Bottles • Concertina Collapsible Bottle • Plastic Dispensing Bottles NEW Straight-Side Containers • Plastic Wash Bottles PETE with White PP Closures • PTFE Bottle Pourers Page 39 Containers: 38 - 42 • Screw Cap Plastic Jars & Containers • Snap Cap Plastic Jars & Containers • Hinged Lid Plastic Containers • Dispensing Plastic Containers • Graduated Plastic Containers • Disposable Plastic Containers Cylinders: 45 - 48 • Clear Plastic Cylinder, PMP • Translucent Plastic Cylinder, PP • Short Form Plastic Cylinder, PP • Four Liter Plastic Cylinder, PP NEW Polycarbonate Graduated Bottles with PP Closures Page 21 • Certified Plastic Cylinder, PMP • Hydrometer Jar, PP • Conical Shape Plastic Cylinder, PP Disposal Boxes: 54 - 55 • Bio-bin Waste Disposal Containers • Glass Disposal Boxes • Burn-upTM Bins • Plastic Recycling Boxes • Non-Hazardous Disposal Boxes Printed Cylinders Page 47 Drying Racks: 55 - 56 • Kartell Plastic Drying Rack, High Impact PS • Dynalon Mega-Peg Plastic Drying Rack • Azlon Epoxy Coated Drying Rack • Plastic Draining Baskets • Custom Size Drying Racks Available Burn-upTM Bins Page 54 Dynalon® Labware Table of Contents and Introduction ® Dynalon Labware, a leading wholesaler of plastic lab supplies throughout -
Extraction Read 5.1 & 2.18 & 2.21 in Your Lab Text. Extraction Is A
Extraction Read 5.1 & 2.18 & 2.21 in your lab text. Extraction is a separation technique based on differences in solubilities of substances in two immiscible solvents (usually water and a water insoluble organic solvent). solubility in solvent 1 Kc = partition coefficient = ------------------------ solubility in solvent 2 example: Given compound A, K (ether:water) = 4.0, how much of A can be extracted from a solution of 10.0 g of A in 100 mL of water with a single portion of 100 mL of ether? X / 100 mL ether Kc = 4.0 = ------------------------------- (10.0 - X) / 100 mL water X = 8.0 grams of A extracted into the ether -same as above, but extract two times with 50 mL of ether each time. X / 50 mL ether first extraction: Kc = 4.0 = ------------------------- (10.0 - X) / 100 mL water X = 6.67 grams of A extracted Y / 50 mL ether second extraction: Kc = 4 0 = ----------------------------- (3.33 - Y) / 100 mL water Y = 2.22 grams of A extracted total extracted = X + Y = 6.67 + 2.22 = 8.89 grams ==> multiple extractions with smaller amounts of solvent are more efficient than a single extraction with the same total amount of solvent. DRYING: an organic liquid that has been in contact with water is "wet" (contains some water). To "dry" it, use an inorganic drying agent. See Table 2.1 in your lab text. EXTRACTION AND WASHING The processes of extraction and washing are mechanically the same. Extraction refers to the recovery of a desired substance from a complex mixture, while washing denotes the removal of unwanted material. -
FIRST AID ITEMS Eyewash, Eye Care 80-1600-PKIT2 CHEMICAL WOUND CARE KIT EYE/SKIN WASH KIT EACH - (1-500ML BOTTLE PLUS FA SUPPLIES in 10 UNIT PLASTIC)Continued
FIRST AID ITEMS Eyewash, Eye Care 80-1600-PKIT2 CHEMICAL WOUND CARE KIT EYE/SKIN WASH KIT EACH - (1-500ML BOTTLE PLUS FA SUPPLIES IN 10 UNIT PLASTIC)continued... 80-1600-SKIT1 CHEMICAL WOUND CARE KIT EYE/SKIN WASH KIT EACH - (INCLUDES 2 EACH 500ML NEUTRALISER PLUS FA SUPPLIES IN SMALL SOFTPACK BAG) 80-1600-SKIT2 CHEMICAL WOUND CARE KIT EYE/SKIN WASH KIT EACH - (INCLUDES 1 EACH 500ML NEUTRALISER PLUS FA SUPPLIES IN FANNY PACK) 80-1601-0 EYE WASH 1 LITER EACH 80-1602-0 MURINE EYE DROPS - 1OZ (30ML) EACH 80-1605-0 MURINE EYE DROPS - 1/2OZ (15ML) EACH 80-1603-0 EYE WASH - 1OZ (30ML) EACH 80-1604-0 EYE WASH - 4 LITER EACH 80-1606-0 EYE WASH - 8.8OZ (250ML) EACH 80-1612-0 EYE PAD STERILE EACH 80-1613-0 EYE SHIELD EACH 80-1617-0 EYE CUPS - PLASTIC EACH 80-1619-0 EYE DROPPER EACH 80-1620-0 EYE MAGNET AND LOOP EACH 80-1623-0 OPTREX EYE LOTION - 10.5OZ (300ML) EACH 80-1647-0 EYE WASH - 17.6OZ (500ML) EACH 89-1907-0 EYE WASH BOTTLE - 17.6OZ (500ML) EMPTY EACH 80-1624-0 EYE WASH BOTTLE - 1 LITRE, EMPTY EACH 80-1630-0 EYE PADS: STERILE #91650 50/BOX 80-1631-0 EYE PADS STERILE 10/PACK 80-1651-0 SALINE SOLUTION - 1/2OZ (15ML) 24/BX 80-1652-0 SALINE SOLUTION - 1L BOTTLE EACH 80-1653-0 SALINE SOLUTION - 17.6OZ (500ML) BOTTLE EACH 80-3255-0 EYE PACKET KIT#1 BOX 80-3315-0 EYE PACKET # 3 BOX 89-1900-0 EYEWASH STATION WITH 2 - 1 LITER (EMPTY) BOTTLES EACH 89-1905-0 EYEWASH STATION WITH 1 - 1 LITER (EMPTY) BOTTLE EACH 89-1910-0 EYEWASH STATION WITH - 17.6OZ (500ML) (EMPTY) BOTTLE EACH 80-3367-2 CEDERROTH EYE WASH #725200A, INCLUDES 2 - 17.6OZ (500ML) BOTTLES -
William Collins & Kenny Miller
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES & EXPERIMENTS Organic Chemistry I William Collins & Kenny Miller The Lab Notebook and Grading A copy of Edison’s lab notebook. 1 SECTION 1 Chemistry 250-251 Lab Policies The lab is an integral and essential part of the Organic Chemistry c) Be aware of all safety precautions discussed in each experi- course. It must be completed satisfactorily in order for the student ment and in the prelab safety lecture. to receive credit for the course. Please note the following FLC d) Pay particular attention to proper ways of cleaning equip- policies. ment and disposing of chemical wastes. • The student must attend his/her scheduled lab section and e) Keep your drawer and equipment clean and organized for carry out the experiment in the week that it is scheduled. Un- efficient laboratory work. der extenuating circumstances, the student may attend a “make‑up” lab section at another time during the same week • All lab work should be written up and reported in a manner de- with the prior approval of the scheduled instructor and the scribed in this lab manual. Late lab books will receive lower make‑up instructor. Otherwise, credit will not be given for that grades. Please consult your laboratory instructor for further in- experiment. structions. • If the student fails to satisfactorily complete any experiment or fails to properly check out of lab at the end of the course, he/she may be assigned an incomplete (I) for the course or a failing grade (F). • In order to insure your safety in the laboratory, it is important to come well prepared to the lab each week: a) Please read all assigned material in this manual before each experiment. -
Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Reactions That Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds Are Among the Most Useful to the Synthetic Organic Chemist
1 Experiment 12: Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds are among the most useful to the synthetic organic chemist. In 1912, Victor Grignard received the Nobel prize in chemistry for his discovery of a new series of reactions that result in the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. A Grignard synthesis first involves the preparation of an organomagnesium reagent via the reaction of an alkyl bromide with magnesium metal: δ– δ+ R Br + Mg R MgBr The resulting “Grignard reagent” acts as both a good nucleophile and a strong base. Its nucleophilic character allows it to react with the electrophilic carbon in a carbonyl group, thus forming the carbon-carbon bond. Its basic property means that it will react with acidic compounds, such as carboxylic acids, phenols, thiols and even alcohols and water; therefore, reaction conditions must be free from acids and strictly anhydrous. Grignard reagents will also react with oxygen to form hydroperoxides, thus they are highly unstable when exposed to the atmosphere and are generally not isolated from solution. For a variety of reasons, anhydrous diethyl ether is the solvent of choice for carrying out a Grignard synthesis. Vapors from the highly volatile solvent help to prevent oxygen from reaching the reaction solution. In addition, evidence suggests that the ether molecules actually coordinate with and help stabilize the Grignard reagent: Et Et O R Mg Br O Et Et The magnesium metal used in the synthesis contains a layer of oxide on the surface that prevents it from reacting with the alkyl bromide. The pieces of metal must be gently scratched while in the ether solution to expose fresh surface area so that the reaction can commence. -
Standard Operating Procedure for Chlorophyll a Sampling Method Field Procedure
Standard Operating Procedure for Chlorophyll a Sampling Method Field Procedure LG404 Revision 07, March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Number Subject Page 1.0.............SCOPE AND APPLICATION..................................................................................................1 2.0.............SUMMARY OF METHOD ......................................................................................................1 3.0.............APPARATUS .............................................................................................................................1 4.0.............REAGENTS................................................................................................................................1 5.0.............SAMPLE HANDLING AND PRESERVATION ...................................................................1 6.0.............FIELD PROCEDURE ...............................................................................................................2 7.0.............QUALITY ASSURANCE .........................................................................................................2 8.0.............SAFETY AND WASTE HANDLING ......................................................................................3 9.0.............SHIPPING ..................................................................................................................................3 Disclaimer: Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Standard Operating