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T.C. FİLİBE BAŞKONSOLOSLUĞU TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ ESKİ ZAĞRA (STARA ZAGORA) EYLÜL 2016 T.C. FİLİBE BAŞKONSOLOSLUĞU TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ İÇİNDEKİLER SAYFA NO: 1. GİRİŞ .................................................................................................................................................... 2 2. ESKİ ZAĞRA (STARA ZAGORA) HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER ....................................... 3 2.1. Bölgenin Ülke Genelindeki Yeri ve Önemi .................................................................................... 3 2.2. Coğrafi Bilgiler ve Su Kaynakları ................................................................................................... 4 2.3. Nüfus .................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.4. Eğitim ................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.5. Eski Zağra’nın İlçeleri .............................................................................................................. 10 2.5.1. Eski Zağra (Stara Zagora) Merkez İlçe .......................................................................... 10 2.5.2. Kazanlık Belediyesi ........................................................................................................... 13 2.5.3. Radnevo ve Gılıbovo İlçeleri ............................................................................................. 18 2.5.4. Çirpan İlçesi ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.5.5. Pavel Banya İlçesi .............................................................................................................. 21 2.5.6. Mıglij, Gurkovo ve Nikolaevo İlçeleri.............................................................................. 22 2.5.7. Bratya Daskalovi İlçesi...................................................................................................... 24 2.5.8. Opan İlçesi .......................................................................................................................... 24 3. SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK GÖSTERGELER ............................................................................... 25 3.1. Bölgenin Makro Göstergeleri ........................................................................................................ 25 4. BÖLGENİN EKONOMİK DURUMU ............................................................................................ 31 4.1. Ormancılık, Tarım, Balıkçılık ....................................................................................................... 33 4.2. Sanayi .............................................................................................................................................. 35 4.2.1. İmalat Sanayisi ........................................................................................................................ 35 4.2.2. Enerji, Kömür Madenciliği ve Elektrik Enerjisi Sektörleri ................................................ 38 4.2.3. İnşaat ........................................................................................................................................ 40 4.2.4 Ticaret ........................................................................................................................................ 41 4.3 Ulaştırma .......................................................................................................................................... 44 4.4. Kültür, Spor ve Turizm ................................................................................................................. 45 5. BÖLGENİN ÖNDE GELEN YERLİ VE YABANCI YATIRIMCILARI ................................... 48 6. BÖLGEDEKİ BAŞLICA EKONOMİK VE TİCARİ KURULUŞLAR ....................................... 59 7. RAPORUN HAZIRLANMASINDA FAYDALANILAN KAYNAKLAR: .................................. 61 EK1 Belediyeler ............................................................................................................................ 62 EK2 Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım .................................................................................................. 64 FİLİBE TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 1 T.C. FİLİBE BAŞKONSOLOSLUĞU TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 1. GİRİŞ Eski Zağra raporu, Bulgaristan’a ilişkin bölge düzeyinde hazırlanan raporlarımızın devamı niteliğindedir. T.C. Filibe Başkonsolosluğu Ticaret Ataşeliği tarafından alandaki bire bir görüşme, inceleme ve toplantı notlarının Bulgaristan kaynaklı veriler ile harmanlanmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Rapor, bölgeye ilişkin genel bir görünüm sunmasının yanı sıra, içerdiği bilgiler itibariyle Türk iş dünyasının ticari, yatırım ve işbirliği imkânlarına dönük ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayı da hedeflemektedir. Eski Zağra raporuna, T.C. Ekonomi Bakanlığı internet portalı dış ilişkiler bölümü, Bulgaristan ülke profili, Ataşelik/Müşavirlik raporları sayfasından ulaşılabilir. FİLİBE TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 2 T.C. FİLİBE BAŞKONSOLOSLUĞU TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 2. ESKİ ZAĞRA (STARA ZAGORA) HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER 2.1. Bölgenin Ülke Genelindeki Yeri ve Önemi Eski Zağra; Bulgaristan’ın 28 ilinden biri olmakla birlikte, Sofya, Burgaz, Filibe (Plovdiv) ve Varna’dan sonraki 5. en büyük idari bölge konumundadır. Yüzölçümü 5.151,1 km2’dir. Bulgaristan’ın toplam nüfusunun %4,5’i burada bulunmaktadır ve bu gösterge sıralamasında Eski Zağra ülkede 5. sıradadır. Nüfusun üçte ikisi kentlerde yaşamaktadır. İlin en büyük ilçeleri Eski Zağra (Stara Zagora), Kazanlık, Çirpan ve Radnevo’dur. Ortalama nüfus yoğunluğu nispeten yüksektir, 86 kişi/km2. Eski Zağra idari olarak toplam 206 yerleşim yerine ayrılmıştır: 10 kasaba ve 196 köy. Belediye sayısı 11’dir ve bunlardan bazılarının kalkınma seviyesi diğerlerine bakarak belirgin şekilde geridedir. 1. Eski Zağra (Stara Zagora) Haritası Bölge sınırları içerisinde Bulgaristan kuzey sınırını Türkiye’ye ve Yunanistan’a bağlayan önemli yol arterleri kesişmektedir. Buradan 4, 8 ve 9 No’lu Avrupa koridorları geçmektedir. Bölge iki otobana ev sahipliği yapmaktadır: “Meriç” ve “Trakya” otobanları –bunlar da sırasıyla 4 No’lu ve 8 No’lu Avrupa koridorlarının birer kısmını oluşturmaktadır. E80, E85 ve E773 karayolları da buradan geçen önemli yollar arasındadır. Ayrıca Batı Bulgaristan’ı ve Başkent Sofya’yı; Varna ve Burgaz liman şehirlerine ve Türkiye ile Yunanistan’a bağlayan tren yolları da buradan geçmekte ve yoğun şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Önemli taşıma arterlerinin buradan geçmesi, gerek Avrupa’ya gerek Orta Asya’ya ihracatta, bölgeye avantaj sağlamaktadır. Böylece mal ve hizmet, insan ve sermaye kaynaklarının akışına hizmet edecek işletmelerin geliştirilmesine; serbest ekonomi bölgeleri, transit depoları, araç bakım servisleri, çeşitli borsa ve pazarlar, finans merkezleri, internet merkezleri oluşturulmasına yönelik önemli bir çekim gücü oluşturmaktadır. FİLİBE TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 3 T.C. FİLİBE BAŞKONSOLOSLUĞU TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 2.2. Coğrafi Bilgiler ve Su Kaynakları Eski Zağra güney merkez Bulgaristan’da yer almaktadır, yüz ölçümü 5.151,1 km2’dir. Bölgenin coğrafi sınırları içerisine Koca Balkan Dağı’nın (Stara Planina) ve Sredna Gora (Orta Dağ) dağının birer kısmı, Bulgaristan’ın meşhur Gül Vadisi ve Trakya Düzlüğü’nin bir kısmı girmektedir. Bölge su kaynakları yönünden zengindir – nehir, göl ve karst su kaynakları. Onlarca mineral su kaynağı da bölgede spa ve sağlık turizminin geliştirilmesine imkan sunmaktadır. 2. Eski Zağra bölgesinin ülkedeki konumu Yer altı zenginliklerinden bölge için önem taşıyanları; elektrik üretiminde kullanılan linyit kömürü, kahverengi kömür ve alçıtaşıdır. Bunlardan en büyük değer taşıyanı Maritsa – İztok (Meriç-Doğu) kompleksinde bulunan kömür yataklarıdır. Doğu Meriç kömür havzasının büyük kısmı bölge sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Radnevo ve Gılıbovo ilçelerindeki 240 km2 üzerinde yayılan kömür madenlerinde ülkenin ana linyit kömür kaynakları bulunmaktadır. Adı geçen kömür havzasında 1785 milyon ton kömür olduğu hesaplanmakta olup, yıllık 23-25 milyon ton kömür elde edilmektedir. Önümüzdeki yıllarda da kömür yataklarının işletilmesi öngörülmektedir. Var olan linyit kömür yatakları ve modernize edilen elektrik üretim tesisleri sayesinde Eski Zağra (Stara Zagora) bölgesi Bulgaristan’ın en büyük enerji üretim merkezlerinden biridir. Maritsa – İztok (Meriç – Doğu) kompleksi Kozloduy Nükleer Enerji Santrali’nden sonra ülkenin en büyük 2. elektrik enerjisi üreticisidir ve sektör üretiminin %29’nu oluşturmaktadır. Eski Zağra’da aynı zamanda ülkenin “Bulgaristan’ın Enerji Kalbi” adlı ilk sanayi kümelenmesi oluşturulmuştur. FİLİBE TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ 4 T.C. FİLİBE BAŞKONSOLOSLUĞU TİCARET ATAŞELİĞİ Eski Zağra’da barajlar dâhil 192 su kütlesi bulunmaktadır. Barajların çoğu belediyelere aittir. Bunlardan bazılarının işletme hakları imtiyaz ile devredilmiştir. Özel mülk sayılan barajlar da mevcuttur. Bunlardan en büyükleri Eski Zağra’da (Stara Zagora) yer alan Kolena ve İnermat ile Gılıbovo’da yer alan Musaçevo ve Beykovo barajlarıdır. Koprinka, Ovçaritsa ve Rozov Kladenets adlı barajlar, Eski Zağra’nın en büyük barajlarıdır ve Bulgaristan Elektrik Şirketi’nin (NEK EAD) himayesindedir. Koprinka barajı Tunca nehri boyunda 7 kilometre uzunluğunda kurulan bir barajdır. Barajın kurulma amacı kapsamlıdır: sulama, sanayi ihtiyaçları için su tedariği ve elektrik üretimi. Barajın derinliği 80 metreye kadar varmaktadır. Balık avı için de kullanılmaktadır. 3. Koprinka Barajı Ovçaritsa barajı,
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