Appendix A A Guide for Species Selection Managing trees in a changing climate is challenging for arborists  Right Tree Right Place. Improperly siting trees can result and urban foresters. Species that are currently thriving could decline in economic, environmental, and social losses to the as future climatic conditions alter weather events and patterns. community. The “right tree right place” maxim is central Local knowledge and expertise of Cleveland’s urban forest was to changing the conversation around trees, specifically with utilized to produce the following guide for the selection of trees that respect to thinking of trees as assets versus liabilities (Arbor can tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Day Foundation). Tree planting and transplanting projects Trees were selected and compiled into a recommended species list should carefully consider plant characteristics at maturity, for Cleveland’s urban forest by Holden ’s Plant above- and below-ground site factors, and urban forest Collection and Records Curators. This list is intended to aid species composition. selection for public and private land across the community with A unique tool is also available to assess the urban site index consideration given to trees that tolerate urban conditions like (USI) developed by regional urban foresters at the compaction, drought, pollution, and salt. Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry Specific characteristics were considered in selecting species that (Leibowitz 2012). The tool utilizes a rapid assessment of could collectively contribute to a more sustainable urban and factors to score sites between 0 and 20 as a means to community forest, including the promotion of diversity, selective identify planting suitability. A long-term commitment to use of native plants, maximization of benefits, and improvement of USI could provide an opportunity to quantify planting site overall population resiliency. Ultimately, all species should be suitability and track urban tree growth, longevity, and matched to the prospective site after a detailed assessment of the performance over time. above- and below-ground landscape is performed and considered.  Diversity. As a general rule of thumb, no more than 30% Tree Planting Guidelines of any family, 20% of any genus, or 10% of any species All future tree plantings should fall within specific guidelines should comprise the collective urban forest (Santamour outlined below and according to industry standards, such as ANSI 1990). The same diversity guidelines should apply to A300.6-2014 Planting and Transplanting standards and ANSI individual reforestation or planting and transplanting Z60.1-2014-American Standards for Nursery Stock. The following projects. tree planting guidelines help emphasize important concepts in urban and community forestry management and planning.

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Many pests and diseases leave genera susceptible to and pollution reduction benefits can be increased via infestation and damage as opposed to the overall tree inclusion of evergreen . To sustain benefits and family (Ball et al. 2007). Proposed tree plantings should, improve diversity, all planting projects should include at at a minimum, consider limiting the number of trees least 5% conifers that retain their foliage. within a single genus to less than 10% per planting.  Growing Space Potential, Volume, and Size. Ambitious projects may aspire to meet more rigorous Potential planting sites are defined as areas suitable for guidelines of planting no more than 15% of any family, tree planting within the existing right-of-way. The size 10% of any genus, or 5% of any species. of the site should be designated as small, medium, or Many pests and diseases leave genera susceptible to large, depending primarily on the growing space infestation and damage as opposed to the overall tree available and the presence of overhead wires. The family (Ball et al. 2007). Proposed tree plantings should, overall landscape and existing planting scheme should at a minimum, consider limiting the number of trees also be taken into consideration for the spacing and within a single genus to less than 10% per planting. sizes of recommended planting sites. Ambitious projects may aspire to meet more rigorous Ensuring that a tree reaches its full size potential guidelines of planting no more than 15% of any family, depends on the amount of available soil volume and 10% of any genus, or 5% of any species. surrounding site constraints. Minimum soil volumes for Diversity should also be promoted within fine scale root space are suggested to be 1–2 ft3 for each square street segments to ensure large contiguous losses of foot of projected mature crown (Lindsey and Bassuk canopy does not occur (ODNR 2013). A master planting 1991). Other formulas have derived minimum soil plan can aid in urban forest diversity. volumes based on trunk to crown diameter (Urban Native species should be prioritized where possible and 2008). Urban foresters generally adhere to the following practical for biodiversity as the site allows. Known soil volume minimums: 300 cubic feet for small trees, invasive trees and trees likely not native to the region 600 cubic feet for medium trees, and 1,000 cubic feet should be avoided. If a tree is scientifically deemed for large trees. invasive in the 25-75 year urban forest management Planting site width is critical to calculating available soil cycle, then the trees should not be planted. volume; a site’s capacity influences the size of trees selected. Small trees require minimum widths of 4–6  Evergreen Conifers and Ecosystem Services. Many of feet, medium trees 6–8 feet, and large trees 8 feet or the benefits attributed to urban trees in the greater. Spacing depends on the size of adjacent or and Canada are derived from broadleaf projected tree canopy diameters and should be no less species (Klapp 2014); these benefits are lost during leaf- than half of the projected crown. Each prospective off periods. Therefore, a concerted effort should be planting site will vary in its tree-carrying capacity. made to account for and ensure canopy-dependent

benefits. For example, year-round stormwater mitigation

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 Utilities. Planting medium or large trees underneath  Limitations and Moratoriums. Urban forest canopy overhead utilities is a potentially costly mistake. Only has been lost from mortality associated with pests, small trees less than 25 feet tall at maturity should be diseases, and structurally weak tree species. Limitations planted underneath utility lines to limit the potential for and moratoriums should be considered to limit future future conflicts as trees mature in size (Ohio loss due to susceptibility: Consumers’ Council 2012). There may be situations where overhead utility lines are constructed at greater o Ash – Trees in the Fraxinus genus should not be heights, but only qualified arborists should investigate planted due to the confirmed presence of those instances for planting. emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) within the community. The location of below-ground utilities is equally o Elm – Trees in the Ulmus genus that do not concerning to overhead utilities. The presence of buried have Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi; electrical, natural gas, and water lines can limit the Ophiostoma novo-ulmi) resistance should not be viability of planting sites. Detection of these utilities can planted within the community. be accomplished by dialing 811 for Ohio Utilities Protection Services (OUPS) at least 48 hours in advance o – Trees in the Acer genus are susceptible of underground site assessment and planting. to Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) and are currently in excess of the  Infrastructure Conflicts. Green and grey infrastructure 20% genus rule. Planting of maple should be conflicts are common occurrences. Such conflicts are limited within the community. Planting of usually caused by siting large-growing species in spaces Norway maple (Acer platanoides) should also that are unsuitable for their mature size or not be limited as it currently exceeds the 10% considering existing infrastructure in the site selection species rule. and planting process. o – Planting of trees in the red oak group of the Quercus genus should be limited due to the presence of oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) within the community. o Pear – Pyrus calleryana is a non-native and invasive tree with weak branch and wood structure; it should not be planted in the community.

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Trees should always be sited away from existing  Diversity – over 70 species and cultivars of trees were infrastructure at these minimum distances: selected to promote diversity; there has not been a o Street Intersections – at least 35 feet recent inventory to assess the diversity of public and private trees. o Utilities (poles, water boxes, street lamps, etc.) – 10 to 15 feet  Invasiveness – non-native invasive tree species like Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) colonize vacant o Alleys – 15 feet lots, displace native trees, and fragment forests; these o Driveway and Walkway Intersections – 10 to types of trees were not included. 15 feet  Hardiness – increased temperatures from urban heat o Fire Hydrants – 10 to 15 feet island effect and challenging microclimates; large buildings were considered in selecting trees that are When trees are given adequate space, less conflicts tolerant of extreme climatic conditions. arise, management costs are reduced, and access to municipal amenities is more efficient.  Disease and Pest Resistance – the presence of lethal pests and diseases was considered in excluding certain Characteristics and Scenarios genera/species of trees and selecting specific varieties Planning, planting, and maximizing the benefits of the urban (e.g., no ash trees; emerald ash borer). forest requires careful consideration of the following:  Mature Size and Form – since urban environments are characteristics of tree selection; realistic scenarios to create often limited in growspace, species and varieties were equitable distribution of canopy; and identifying specific selected to provide options when existing tree canopy community goals. Cleveland’s urban and community forest can and infrastructure are present or could potentially function at optimum levels through the maximization of proper obstruct growth. tree selection, installation, and continued care and focus towards ensuring a sustainable future.  Longevity – trees are often short-lived in urban environments due to poor species selection, lack of care, Tree Characteristics and challenging growing conditions; all species are The following recommended species list for Cleveland’s urban intended to last at least 25 years. forest was compiled to address limiting factors in urban forest  Aesthetics – the functional shape and beauty (bark, management and planning. With an understanding of species flowers, foliage, and fruit) associated with specific characteristics, trees can be selected to flourish in a wide range species of trees was highlighted, as Cleveland has a rich of scenarios. Tree characteristics should be considered only horticultural legacy of curating plants. after a detailed site assessment has been performed.

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Native – The majority of plants in Cleveland’s urban forest Urban Forestry section’s urban forester will then inspect are likely not native to the region, however, native plants the site, select an appropriate tree species, and acquire can be appropriate as the quality of the site allows. insurance from the planting contractor. Plantings are  Messiness – Fruit can clutter the landscape, but notorious typically completed by contractors who are required to species (i.e., ginkgo, Kentucky coffeetree, persimmon) abide by the city’s tree planting details and specification. have fruitless varieties or can be sited away from  Park Trees. A ‘park tree’ may have different definitions infrastructure and traffic. depending on the type of park, the managing agency, and  Notes – Local knowledge and expertise and unique plant the desired goals and objectives. In general, many parks needs or considerations were highlighted to ensure proper were created from open areas that were originally use within Cleveland. forestland. Some exceptions may be applied for historically conserved areas. In Cleveland, park trees fall under the Common Planting Scenarios management of the Division of Park Maintenance and Planting in the urban forest typically involves three different Properties with oversight from the Urban Forestry planting scenarios: street trees, park trees, and private trees. A site Section’s urban forester. All tree plantings within the park inspection presents opportunities to identify important species require a process in which the Urban Forestry section’s selection considerations and space out and plan where future trees urban forester can inspect, select, and oversee the process. can be planted. Scenarios provide valuable perspective on existing All planting is based on the availability of funding. processes and potential limiting factors. The following  Private Trees. The majority of urban tree canopy is recommended species list for Cleveland’s urban forest should be located on private lands across the community. Land uses utilized when selecting species for any planting project. may include: residential, multi-family residential,  Street Trees. A ‘street tree’ is defined as a tree growing commercial/industrial, cemeteries, golf courses, within the public rights-of-way (generally the area between agricultural, vacant, institutional, utility, wetlands, a curb and a sidewalk) which has been planted by the city transportation, and other mixed or independent uses. Trees or its residents. If you want to plant a street tree in may be planted in specific land uses with a performance Cleveland, there are a series of steps that should be taken. goal in mind. For example, riparian corridors may be First and foremost, you should request a tree from the planted with trees to improve stream flow. Medical Division of Park Maintenance and Properties. Tree planting campuses may utilize trees to improve human health. should be coordinated with the Urban Forestry Section by Industrial districts may plant to improve air quality and dialing 216-664-3104 to obtain Priority Planting status on mitigate climate change. Also, high-density, mixed-use the city’s database. A tree can be installed by the city districts with a large amount of impervious cover may find through this process. innovative ways to site trees in an effort to offset urban heat island effect. All other street tree plantings require a permit, which can The most important part of identifying scenarios for planting is be acquired by dialing 216-664-2388 for procurement. The the careful consideration of environmental conditions and

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cultural constraints (site factors) in tandem with economic and Genus Species cultural factors (Miller 1997). It is important to examine the Maackia amurensis ‘MaacNificent’ Amur maackia landscape and assess the soil, climatic, physiographic, and Maackia amurensis ‘Starburst’ Amur maackia biological variables of a prospective planting site. The Maclura pomifera ‘White Shield’, Osage orange Parrotia persica ‘Vanessa’ Persian ironwood surrounding constraints (utilities, structures, land cover, and Quercus robur x bicolor ‘Nadler’ Kindred Spirit oak pollution) may limit species selection while informing best Ulmus parvifolia Allee lacebark elm arboricultural and urban forest management practices around Ulmus propinqua Emerald Sunshine elm tree selection and planting. Zelkova serrata ‘Mushashino’ columnar Japanese zelkova Zelkova serrata ‘Village Green’ Japanese zelkova Please note that planting of trees is based on availability. Most of the following cultivars may not be widely available: Large: Over 50’ Climate Resilient Trees for Cleveland Genus Species Street/Tree Lawn Acer x freemanii ‘Autumn Blaze’ Freeman maple river birch - tree form, single Betula nigra Small: Under 25’ stem Ginkgo biloba ginkgo (male clones) Genus Species honeylocust [Imperial, Acer buergerianum trident maple Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis ‘Shademaster’, Skyline, dwarf chinkapin oak (super lime and Quercus prinoides StreetKeeper] drought tolerant) Kentucky coffeetree - male Styphnolobium japonicum ‘Pendulum’ weeping Japanese pagodatree Gymnocladus dioica clones [Espresso, Prairie Titan, Syringa reticulate Ivory Silk’ Japanese tree lilac Stately Manor] Tilia cordata Summer Sprite, littleleaf linden Ostrya virginiana hophornbeam Zelkova serrata City Sprite, Japanese zelkova Platanus x acerifolia ‘Exclamation’ London planetree Quercus bicolor swamp white oak Medium: 26–50’ Quercus imbricaria shingle oak Quercus macrocarpa bur oak Genus Species Quercus muehlenbergii chinkapin oak hedge maple (‘Queen Elizabeth’ not fully Acer campestre Quercus palustris pin oak hardy in Zone 5) Quercus palustris Green Pillar columnar pin oak Acer miyabei ‘Morton’ State Street Miyabe maple Carpinus betulus Emerald Avenue, European hornbeam Celtis laevigata sugar hackberry Celtis ‘Magnifica’ hackberry hybrid Koelreuteria paniculata goldenrain tree

Medium (Continued) Large (Continued)

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Genus Species Small (Continued) Quercus robur x bicolor ‘Long’ Regal Prince oak Quercus rubra red oak Genus Species Quercus shumardii Shumard oak virginiana sweetbay magnolia Styphnolobium japonicum ‘Regent’ Japanese pagodatree Malus ‘Bob White’ flowering crab apple Taxodium distichum baldcypress Malus ‘Prairifire’ flowering crab apple Tilia × euchlora Crimean Linden Malus ‘Red Jewel’ flowering crab apple Tilia cordata Greenspire, littleleaf linden Malus ‘Sugar Tyme’ flowering crab apple Tilia tomentosa silver linden Syringa reticulata ‘Ivory Silk’ Japanese tree lilac American elm cultivars. Tilia cordata ‘Summer Sprite’ littleleaf linden Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’, ‘Jefferson’, ‘New Zelkova serrata ‘City Sprite’ Japanese zelkova Harmony’ Ulmus ‘Patriot’ elm hybrid Medium: 26-50’ Ulmus ‘Triumph’ elm hybrid Genus Species Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’ Japanese zelkova (Avoid Queen Elizabeth: not Acer campestre reliably winter hardy in Zone 5) Deciduous Trees for Parks and Other Larger Plots Acer griseum paperbark maple Including Private Land Acer miyabei ‘Morton’ State Street Miyabe maple Small: Under 25’ Acer triflorum threeflower maple Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye Genus Species Amelanchier x grandiflora apple serviceberry Acer buergerianum trident maple Amelanchier laevis Allegheny serviceberry Aesculus pavia red buckeye Carpinus betulus ‘Emerald Avenue’ European hornbeam Asimina triloba pawpaw Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam Cercis canadensis redbud Celtis laevigata sugar hackberry Chionanthus retusus Asian fringetree Celtis ‘Magnifica’ hackberry hybrid Cornus florida ‘Appalachian Spring’ flowering dogwood Cladrastis kentukea yellowwood Cornus kousa Asian flowering dogwood Crataegus viridis ‘Winter King’ green hawthorn Magnolia ‘Golden Gift’ yellow magnolia Halesia tetraptera Carolina silverbell Magnolia x loebneri loebner magnolia Koelreuteria paniculata goldenrain tree Magnolia stellata star magnolia Maackia amurensis ‘MaacNificent’ Amur maackia Maackia amurensis ‘Starburst’ Amur maackia Maclura pomifera ‘White Shield’ Osage orange

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Medium (Continued) Large (Continued) Genus Species Genus Species Magnolia ‘Butterflies’ yellow magnolia Magnolia acuminata cucumber tree Magnolia ‘Coral Lake’ magnolia Metasequoia glyptostroboides dawn redwood Magnolia ‘Daybreak’ magnolia Nyssa sylvatica black gum Magnolia ‘Elizabeth’ yellow magnolia Ostrya virginiana hophornbeam Magnolia tripetala umbrella magnolia Platanus × acerifolia ‘Exclamation’ London planetree Magnolia ‘Yellow Bird’ yellow magnolia Quercus bicolor swamp white oak Parrotia persica Persian ironwood Quercus imbricaria shingle oak Quercus robur x bicolor ‘Nadler’ Kindred Spirit oak Quercus macrocarpa bur oak Ulmus ‘Frontier’ elm hybrid Quercus muehlenbergii chinkapin oak Ulmus parvifolia Allee lacebark elm Quercus palustris pin oak Ulmus propinqua ‘Emerald Sunshine’ elm Quercus palustris Green Pillar, columnar pin oak Zelkova serrata ‘Mushashino’ columnar Japanese zelkova Quercus robur × bicolor ‘Long’ Regal Prince oak Zelkova serrata ‘Village Green’ Japanese zelkova Quercus rubra red oak Quercus shumardii Shumard oak Styphnolobium japonicum ‘Regent’ Japanese pagodatree Large: Over 50’ Taxodium distichum bald cypress Tilia × euchlora Crimean Linden Genus Species Tilia americana American linden Acer x freemanii ‘Autumn Blaze’ Freeman maple Tilia cordata ‘Greenspire’ littleleaf linden Aesculus flava yellow buckeye Tilia tomentosa silver linden river birch - tree form, single Betula nigra American elm cultivars. stem Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’, ‘Jefferson’, ‘New Cercidiphyllum japonicum katsuratree Harmony’ Diospyros virginiana common persimmon Ulmus ‘Patriot’ elm hybrid Fagus sylvatica European Ulmus Triumph elm hybrid Ginkgo biloba ginkgo (male clones) Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’ Japanese zelkova honeylocust [Imperial, Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis ‘Shademaster’, Skyline, StreetKeeper] Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky coffeetree Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree sweetgum [‘Moraine’, Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Variegata’, plants of Ohio provenance]

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Evergreen Trees for Parks and Other Larger Plots Including Private Land Small: Under 25’ Genus Species Chinese juniper (average to dry Juniperus chinensis ‘Keteleeri’ sites)

Medium: 26-50’ Genus Species (‘Canaertii’, ‘CorCorCor’ Juniperus virginiana Emerald Sentinel), eastern redcedar (average to dry sites) Virginia (average to dry Pinus virginiana sites) Eastern arborvitae (upright Thuja occidentalis types) Thuja ‘Green Giant’ a.k.a. ‘Spring arborvitae hybrid Grove’

Large: Over 50’ Genus Species Abies concolor white Abies nordmanniana Nordman fir Picea orientalis oriental Pinus rigida pitch pine Pinus rigida × taeda pitch-lob pine *Compiled by Charles Tubesing, Curator of Plant Collections, The Holden Arboretum, with input on conifers from Ethan Johnson, Plant Records Curator.

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Species Selection Matrix

Common Hardiness Growth Species1 Cultivars Size2 Spread Form Longevity Aesthetics Native3 Scenario Performance4 Notes Name Zone Rate Abies concolor white fir ••• L 20' conical 3 to 7 slow 50 > years ••• ••• park or private AQ ; protected sites Abies Nordman fir ••• L 30' pyramidal 4 to 6 slow 50 > years ••• ••• park or private AQ conifer nordmanniana Acer park, private or overhead-utility line trident maple ••• S 25' oval 5 to 8 slow 50 > years ••• ••• ••• buergerianum street compatible park, private or Queen Elizabeth not fully Acer campestre hedge maple ••• M 30' rounded 5 to 8 slow 50 > years ••• ••• ••• street hardy in Zone 5 paperbark Acer griseum ••• M 20' rounded 5 to 7 slow 50 > years bark ••• park ••• ••• maple park, private or Acer miyabei Miyabe maple Morton M 25' upright oval 4 to 6 slow 50 > years ••• ••• ••• street threeflower Acer triflorum ••• M 30' upright spreading 5 to 7 slow 50 > years bark ••• park ••• ••• maple Acer x Freeman Autumn 25-50 park, private or L 40' broad oval 4 to 7 fast foliage Ohio CC,H,S,UHI dominant central leader freemanii maple Blaze years street yellow Aesculus flava ••• L 50' upright oval 4 to 8 moderate 50 > years ••• Ohio park CC,H,S,UHI requires a sheltered site buckeye Cuyahoga Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye ••• M 40' rounded 3 to 7 moderate 50 > years ••• park CC,H,S,UHI shade tolerant County Aesculus pavia red buckeye ••• S 20' rounded (varies) 4 to 8 moderate 50 > years flowers Ohio park ••• red flower Amelanchier Allegheny ••• M 40' rounded 4 to 8 moderate 50 > years flowers Ohio park AQ prefers shade laevis serviceberry Amelanchier x apple ••• M 30' rounded 5 to 8 moderate 50 > years fruit North America park AQ prefers shade grandiflora serviceberry pyramidal (multi- 25-50 Cuyahoga Asimina triloba paw-paw ••• S 20' 5 to 9 moderate fruit park AQ ••• stem) years County pyramidal 25-50 Cuyahoga park, private or Betula nigra river birch ••• L 50' 4 to 9 fast bark ••• tree form, single stem (rounded) years County street Carpinus European Emerald pyramidal (oval- park, private or M 30' 4 to 7 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• ••• ••• betulus hornbeam Avenue rounded) street Carpinus American Cuyahoga ••• M 30 round (irregular) 3 to 9 slow 50 > years ••• park ••• ••• caroliniana hornbeam County park, private or Celtis laevigata sugarberry ••• M 50' broad-rounded 5 to 9 moderate 50 > years bark North America CC,H,UHI ••• street hybrid park, private or Celtis x Magnifica M 40' broad-oval 5 to 9 fast 50 > years ••• North America CC,H,UHI ••• hackberry street Cercidiphyllum pyramidal (oval- 25-50 katsuratree ••• L 50' 4 to 8 moderate ••• ••• park or private AQ moist and protected sites japonicum rounded) years Cercis flat-topped 25-50 redbud ••• S 25 4 to 9 moderate flowers Ohio park or private ••• lime tolerant; well drained sites canadensis (rounded) years Chionanthus Chinese 25-50 ••• S 20' broad-rounded 4 to 9 slow fruit ••• park or private ••• ••• retusus fringetree years Cladrastis Kentucky 25-50 ••• M 40' broad-rounded 4 to 8 moderate ••• Ohio park or private ••• attention to structural pruning kentukea yellowwood years flowering Appalachian flat-topped 25-50 Cuyahoga Appalachian Spring Cornus florida M 20' 5 to 9 slow flowers park or private ••• dogwood Spring (rounded) years County anthracnose resistant Asian rounded 25-50 Cornus kousa flowering ••• M 30' 5 to 8 slow fruit ••• park or private ••• ••• (horizontal) years dogwood

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Common Hardiness Growth Species1 Cultivars Size2 Spread Form Longevity Aesthetics Native3 Scenario Performance4 Notes Name Zone Rate Crataegus green 25-50 Winter King M 25' vase (spreading) 4 to 7 slow fruit North America park or private ••• Winter King thornless viridis hawthorn years Diospyros common pyramidal (oval- 25-50 not widely available; plant ••• L 35 4 to 9 moderate ••• Ohio park or private AQ virginiana persimmon rounded) years where fruit is not an issue European pyramidal Fagus sylvatica ••• L 50' 5 to 7 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• park or private CC ••• beech (rounded) pyramidal (wide- park, private or Ginkgo biloba ginkgo see notes L 40' 4 to 7 slow 50 > years ••• ••• CC,H,S male clones spread) street 25-50 Cuyahoga park, private or Imperial L 40' broad-spreading 4 to 7 fast ••• ••• ••• years County street 25-50 Cuyahoga park, private or 'Shademaster' L 40' upright-spreading 4 to 7 fast ••• ••• ••• Gleditsia years County street triacanthos var. honeylocust pyramidal- 25-50 Cuyahoga park, private or inermis Skyline L 35' 4 to 7 fast ••• ••• ••• spreading years County street 25-50 Cuyahoga park, private or StreetKeeper L 20' broad-columnar 4 to 7 fast ••• ••• ••• years County street park, private or Espresso L 35' vase (irregular) 4 to 8 slow 50 > years ••• Ohio ••• street Gymnocladus Kentucky park, private or Prairie Titan L 45' oval (irregular) 4 to 8 slow 50 > years ••• Ohio ••• male clones dioica coffeetree street Stately obovate park, private or L 40' 4 to 8 slow 50 > years ••• Ohio ••• Manor (irregular) street Halesia Carolina ••• M 30 round headed 5 to 8 moderate 50 > years flowers Ohio park or private ••• white flower tetraptera silverbell Juniperus Chinese 25-50 Keteleeri S 15' pyramidal 3 to 9 moderate foliage ••• park or private ••• average to dry sites; conifer chinensis juniper years 25-50 'Canaertii' M 20' dense-pyramidal 4 to 9 moderate ••• Ohio park or private ••• average to dry sites; conifer Juniperus eastern years virginiana redcedar Emerald pyramidal 25-50 average to dry sites; conifer; M 10' 4 to 9 moderate ••• Ohio park or private ••• Sentinel column years good fruiting form Koelreuteria goldenrain 25-50 park, private or ••• M 30' rounded 5 to 8 moderate flowers ••• ••• heat tolerant paniculata tree years street 25-50 'Moraine' L 40' pyramidal 5 to 9 fast foliage Ohio park or private CC,H,S,UHI ••• Liquidambar years sweetgum styraciflua 25-50 'Variegata' L 35' pyramidal 5 to 9 moderate foliage Ohio park or private CC,H,S,UHI variegated years Liriodendron pyramidal Cuyahoga tuliptree ••• L 40' 4 to 9 fast 50 > years ••• park or private CC,H,S,UHI ••• tulipifera (rounded) County 25-50 park, private or MaacNificent M 25' upright vase 4 to 7 slow bark ••• ••• ••• Maackia years street amur maackia amurensis 25-50 park, private or 'Starburst' M 20' vase (rounded) 4 to 7 slow bark ••• ••• ••• years street Maclura 'White 25-50 Cuyahoga park, private or osage organge M 35' rounded 4 to 9 fast ••• ••• fruitless; thornless pomifera Shield' years County street Magnolia pyramidal Cuyahoga cucumber tree ••• L 40' 4 to 8 moderate 50 > years fruit park or private CC,H,S,UHI ••• acuminata (rounded) County

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Common Hardiness Growth Species1 Cultivars Size2 Spread Form Longevity Aesthetics Native3 Scenario Performance4 Notes Name Zone Rate 25-50 shelter from wind; yellow 'Butterflies' M 10' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• years flower 25-50 'Coral Lake' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• coral flower; shelter from wind years 25-50 'Daybreak' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• pink flower; shelter from wind years Magnolia spp. magnolia 25-50 shelter from wind; yellow 'Elizabeth' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• years flower 25-50 shelter from wind; yellow 'Golden Gift' S 5' compact 5 to 7 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• years flower 25-50 shelter from wind; yellow 'Yellow Bird' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• years flower Magnolia 25-50 pink and white flower; heat and star magnolia ••• S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• stellata years cold tolerance Magnolia umbrella 25-50 ••• M 15' pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers Ohio park or private H ••• tripetala magnolia years Magnolia sweetbay 25-50 ••• S 20' oval (rounded) 5 to 9 moderate flowers North America park or private ••• fragrant flowers virginiana magnolia years Magnolia x Loebner 25-50 ••• S 15' rounded (dense) 5 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• pink or white fragrant flower loebneri magnolia years Magnolia 25-50 pink and white flower; heat and star magnolia ••• S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• stellata years cold tolerance Magnolia umbrella 25-50 ••• M 15' pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate flowers Ohio park or private H ••• tripetala magnolia years Magnolia sweetbay 25-50 ••• S 20' oval (rounded) 5 to 9 moderate flowers North America park or private ••• fragrant flowers virginiana magnolia years Magnolia x Loebner 25-50 ••• S 15' rounded (dense) 5 to 8 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• pink or white fragrant flower loebneri magnolia years 25-50 Malus spp. crab apple Bob White S 20' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• white flower years 25-50 Prairiefire S 20' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderate flowers ••• park or private ••• fuchsia flower years 25-50 Red Jewel S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderate fruit ••• park or private ••• red fruit years 25-50 Sugar Tyme S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderate fruit ••• park or private ••• red fruit years Metasequoia dawn pyramidal ••• L 25' 5 to 8 fast 50 > years bark ••• park or private CC,H,S,UHI best near water source; riparian glyptostroboides redwood (conical) Cuyahoga Nyssa sylvatica blackgum ••• L 30' pyramidal 4 to 9 moderate 50 > years foliage park or private ••• fall color County Ostrya American rounded Cuyahoga park, private or ••• L 30' 4 to 9 slow 50 > years fruit CC,UHI ••• virginiana hop-hornbeam (horizontal) County street Persian 25-50 park, private or Parrotia persica 'Vanessa' M 15' pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate bark ••• ••• ••• ironwood years street oriental Picea orientalis ••• L 20' pyramidal 4 to 7 slow 50 > years ••• ••• park or private ••• conifer spruce pyramidal Pinus rigida pitch pine ••• L 40' 4 to 7 moderate 50 > years ••• Ohio park or private ••• conifer; well drained (irregular) Pinus rigida x pich-lob pine ••• L 40' pyramidal 4 to 7 fast 50 > years ••• North America park or private ••• conifer taeda 25-50 Pinus virginiana Virginia pine ••• M 30' broad (pyramidal) 4 to 8 slow ••• Ohio park or private ••• average to dry sites; conifer years

Cleveland Tree Plan August 2015 August 2015

Common Hardiness Growth Species1 Cultivars Size2 Spread Form Longevity Aesthetics Native3 Scenario Performance4 Notes Name Zone Rate Platanus x London park, private or Exclamation L 40' upright-pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate 50 > years bark ••• CC,H,S cold hardy acerifolia planetree street swamp white Cuyahoga park, private or Quercus bicolor ••• L 50' broad rounded 3 to 8 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• soil adaptability oak County street Quercus Cuyahoga park, private or shingle oak ••• L 60' broad rounded 4 to 7 slow 50 > years ••• ••• ••• imbricaria County street Quercus Cuyahoga park, private or bur oak ••• L 70' broad rounded 2 to 8 slow 50 > years ••• ••• drought and lime tolerant macrocarpa County street Quercus Cuyahoga park, private or chinkapin oak ••• L 40' rounded 4 to 7 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• drought and lime tolerant muehlenbergii County street Quercus Cuyahoga park, private or pin oak ••• L 40' pyramidal 4 to 7 fast 50 > years ••• CC lime intolerant palustris County street Cuyahoga park, private or Green Pillar L 15' narrow-columnar 4 to 7 fast 50 > years ••• CC County street lime and drought tolerant; Quercus dwarf 25-50 ••• S 10' pyramidal 4 to 8 slow ••• North America street ••• overhead-utility line prinoides chinkapin oak years compatible 'Nadler' Quercus robur x hybrid 25-50 park, private or Kindred M 10' narrow-columnar 3 to 7 slow ••• ••• ••• ••• bicolor English oak years street Spirit Oak 'Long' Regal 25-50 park, private or L 20' narrow-columnar 4 slow ••• ••• ••• ••• Prince Oak years street Cuyahoga park, private or Quercus rubra red oak ••• L 60' rounded 4 to 7 fast 50 > years ••• ••• ••• County street Quercus 25-50 park, private or Shumard oak ••• L 50' rounded 5 to 9 moderate ••• Ohio CC,H,S,UHI soil adaptability shumardii years street Styphnolobium japonicum Japanese 25-50 park, private or 'Regent' L 40' oval (rounded) 4 to 7 fast ••• ••• ••• ••• (Sophora pagodatree years street japonica) 25-50 overhead-utility line 'Pendulum' S 15' weeping 4 to 7 fast ••• ••• street ••• years compatible Syringa Japanese tree 25-50 park, private or overhead-utility line 'Ivory Silk' S 20' rounded 3 to 7 moderate flowers ••• ••• reticulata lilac years street compatible Taxodium park, private or bald cypress ••• L 25 pyramidal 4 to 9 moderate 50 > years bark Ohio H,S ••• distichum street Thuja eastern many exist L 15' pyramidal 2 to 7 slow 50 > years ••• Ohio park or private ••• upright types; conifer occidentalis arborvitae 'Green Giant' hybrid Thuja x or 'Spring L 20' broad-pyramidal 4 to 7 slow 50 > years ••• ••• park or private ••• conifer arborvitae Grove' American oval rounded Cuyahoga Tilia americana ••• L 40' 2 to 8 moderate 50 > years ••• park or private CC,H,S,UHI low urban tolerance linden (arched) County littleleaf park, private or Tilia cordata Greenspire L 30' oval-rounded 4 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• linden street Summer overhead-utility line S 15' rounded 4 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• street CC,H,S,UHI Sprite compatible pyramidal (oval- park, private or Tilia tomentosa silver linden ••• L 40' 2 to 6 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• egg) street Crimean 25-50 park, private or Tilia x euchlora ••• L 25' rounded 3 to 7 moderate ••• ••• H ••• linden years street

Cleveland Tree Plan August 2015 August 2015

Common Hardiness Growth Species1 Cultivars Size2 Spread Form Longevity Aesthetics Native3 Scenario Performance4 Notes Name Zone Rate Ulmus Cuyahoga park, private or American elm 'Princeton' L 50' vase (spreading) 4 moderate 50 > years ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• americana County street Cuyahoga park, private or 'Jefferson' L 50' vase (arching) 4 moderate 50 > years ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• County street 'New Cuyahoga park, private or L 65' vase (arching) 4 moderate 50 > years ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• Harmony' County street vase (upright- 25-50 park, private or Ulmus parvifolia Chinese elm Allee M 30' 5 to 9 moderate bark ••• ••• ••• rounded) years street emerald Emerald 25-50 park, private or Ulmus propinqua M 25' vase (pyramidal) 5 fast ••• ••• ••• ••• sunshine elm Sunshine years street 25-50 Ulmus x hybrid elm 'Frontier' M 30' vase (oval) 5 fast foliage ••• park or private ••• ••• years vase (upright- park, private or 'Patriot' L 40' 4 fast 50 > years ••• ••• ••• ••• narrow) street vase (upright- park, private or Triumph L 45' 4 fast 50 > years ••• ••• ••• ••• oval) street Japanese overhead-utility line Zelkova serrata City Sprite S 20' vase (compact) 5 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• street CC,H,S,UHI zelkova compatible Green Vase L 30' vase (spreading) 5 to 8 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• street CC,H,S,UHI ••• park, private or 'Mushashino' L 15' narrow (upright) 5 to 8 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• street 'Village park, private or L 40' vase (rounded) 5 to 8 moderate 50 > years ••• ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• Green' street Ulmus Cuyahoga park, private or American elm 'Princeton' L 50' vase (spreading) 4 moderate 50 > years ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• americana County street Cuyahoga park, private or 'Jefferson' L 50' vase (arching) 4 moderate 50 > years ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• County street 'New Cuyahoga park, private or L 65' vase (arching) 4 moderate 50 > years ••• CC,H,S,UHI ••• Harmony' County street vase (upright- 25-50 park, private or Ulmus parvifolia Chinese elm Allee M 30' 5 to 9 moderate bark ••• ••• ••• rounded) years street 1 Developed by Charles Tubesing and Ethan Johnson with edits from Chad Clink *Reference Dirr's Encyclopedia of Trees and Woody Plants; Dirr's Manual of Woody Plants; The Practical Science of Planting Trees and Shrubs. Check for local availability. 2 Small trees >25', Medium trees 25-50', Large trees >50' 3 The Woody Plants of Ohio, E. Lucy Brown (cultivars are not considered native) 4 H = Health; S = Stormwater; AQ = Air Quality; UHI = Urban Heat Island; CC = Climate Change

Cleveland Tree Plan August 2015 August 2015