SECTION 01 | ENERGY

MI 2020 SOLUTIONS

3 RD MI MINISTERIAL 2018

1 Highlighting innovative solutions emerging from Mission Innovation member investments that have the greatest potential to significantly accelerate the delivery of clean and affordable energy by 2020

CONTENTS

Foreword 04

Innovation Challenges 06

SECTION 01 Smart grids & energy storage 08

SECTION 02 Renewable Energy 26

SECTION 03 Fuels 44

SECTION 04 Transportation 60

SECTION 05 Buildings 70

SECTION 06 Industry 82

SECTION 07 Innovative financing 94 Delivering this transformation requires This publication global partnerships of governments highlights some of and the private sector, and Mission these success stories Innovation is one of the international from across the globe: the innovative community’s most important vehicles for HYBRIT project from Sweden, which is driving this forward. The UK is delighted using hydrogen to reduce CO2 emissions to be part of Mission Innovation and to from ironmaking to zero, and India’s be collaborating with partners around unique Micro Solar Dome device are just the world in pursuit of our common goal: two of the great examples that should accelerating the clean energy revolution. inspire us all. Mission Innovation is also about But there is more work for us to do. coming together to celebrate our We must harness the ingenuity and FOREWORD successes. I am proud to say that since determination of scientists and engineers 1990 the UK has reduced emissions by in universities and industry across over forty per cent while growing our the globe, to continue to drive the economy by over seventy per cent, phenomenal progress made to date, outperforming the rest of the G7. This and to succeed in delivering a clean This is an The launch of Mission Innovation shows that a low carbon transition goes growth revolution. at the signing of the Paris hand in hand with economic success, extraordinary moment Climate Agreement was a critical proof that clean growth is not only for international moment in building this global possible, but the best game in town. climate collaboration. movement. It acknowledged This success is underpinned by that to decarbonise successfully innovation and I am delighted that at The global community has we need to unlock a huge wave the 3rd Mission Innovation Ministerial Rt Hon Claire Perry MP come together to tackle the of innovation to fundamentally in Malmö, Sweden we can shine a Minister of State for Energy and Clean challenge of man-made climate transform the way we generate light on some of the most significant Growth, UK Department for Business, change and to safeguard our and consume energy. breakthroughs emerging from other Energy and Industrial Strategy planet for future generations. MI members’ investments. SECTION 01 | ENERGY SECTION 01 | ENERGY

INNOVATION CHALLENGES

Many of the solutions highlighted in this booklet are contributing to the MI Innovation Challenges. Innovation Challenges are global calls to action aimed at accelerating research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in technology areas where Mission Innovation members believe increased international attention can make a significant impact in our shared fight against climate change.

01 02 05 06 SMART GRIDS OFF-GRID ACCESS CONVERTING CLEAN ENERGY MATERIALS SUNLIGHT Enabling future grids Developing systems that Accelerating the exploration, that are powered by enable off-grid households Discovering affordable discovery, and use of new affordable, reliable, and communities to access ways to convert sunlight high-performance, low-cost decentralised renewable affordable and reliable into storable solar fuels clean energy materials electricity systems renewable electricity 03 04 07 08 CARBON CAPTURE SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS AFFORDABLE HEATING HYDROGEN AND COOLING OF Enabling near-zero CO2 Developing ways to Accelerating development of BUILDINGS emissions from power produce, at scale, widely a global hydrogen market by plants and carbon affordable, advanced Making low-carbon identifying and overcoming intensive industries biofuels for transportation heating and cooling key barriers to the production, and industrial applications affordable for everyone distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen at gigawatt scale

6 7 SECTION 1 SMART GRIDS & ENERGY STORAGE 05 Korea 08 Korea

Development of Organic-Inorganic Development and Demonstration Hybrid Solid Electrolytes for of an IoT-Based Campus Microgrid Medium-Large-Sized Semi-Solid at Seoul National University Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

01 UK 03 EC 06 UK 09 Germany

Piclo Peer-to-peer Energy BroadBit Upside Energy Cloud Based Die Stadt als Speicher Trading Platform Smart Grid Platform (City as Storage)

02 Australia 04 Japan 07 Germany 10 India

Power Ledger High-power all-solid-state Silicon-air battery reaches a Establishment of pilot project batteries using sulfide duration of over 1000 hours for on Grid scale Battery Energy superionic conductors the first time Storage Systems (BESS) of different technologies

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01 PICLO PEER-TO-PEER ENERGY TRADING PLATFORM

CHALLENGE enables the distribution network operators (DNOs) to participate by Piclo is a revolutionary online placing bids for “demand flexibility” energy marketplace that UK in congested parts of their network NL, IT is democratising access to and reward customers accordingly. © Open Utility Ltd local energy markets. Piclo is The electricity system is very lowering barriers for individuals, complex with multiple different communities and businesses with Edoardio Raffinerie Garrone (ERG) in This technology has the potential to actors and needs; Piclo helps with solar panels and batteries to Italy and Essent in Netherlands. disrupt centralised and manual market simplify and standardise all local mechanisms designed for traditional trade peer-to-peer and provide The second phase of the project was trading opportunities whether they energy companies and traders, and balancing services to the local initiated in 2017 through a further are peer-to-peer or directly with replace it with distributed and algorithmic electricity grid. As a result, Piclo is £412,000 UK government grant. It the DNO. trading mechanisms that unlock direct helping solve one of the biggest involved engaging with local DNOs to participation from customers. barriers facing the global energy ACTION unlock the financial benefits of local system today: how to connect trading. Piclo is working with these The $2.2 trillion global electricity system Piclo launched in 2015 and more renewables and electric operators to set up flexible capacity is going through a transformation and was delivered in partnership vehicles to the grid without contracts for customers with batteries, peer-to-peer trading will underpin all with electricity supplier Good sacrificing cost, efficiency or demand response technology or electric energy exchange in the future: helping Energy. It was supported by a resilience. vehicles, so they can manage grid propel us towards a fully renewable and £310,000 Energy Entrepreneurs congestion more effectively. decentralised energy economy. INNOVATION Fund grant from the UK government’s Department of Piclo is a match-making service POTENTIAL Energy and Climate Change. for local energy markets. Just Peer-to-peer marketplace technology Following a successful regional as Airbnb matches customers removes barriers to a decarbonised and USEFUL LINKS: trial in Cornwall, the service with the most relevant short-term decentralised energy system. It provides Peer-to-peer network charging white was commercialised and rolled rentals, Piclo matches customers a scalable means to connect everything paper: bit.ly/local-grid-charging out across the UK. Further with the energy produced by their to the grid without compromising on international roll-outs followed neighbour’s solar panels. Piclo also cost, reward or resilience.

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system will be managed using this ACTION POTENTIAL technology and data analytics. Power Ledger will create and maintain Trading in embedded networks breaks 02 This will demonstrate how a blockchain platform which enables the nexus between renewables blockchain works with assets that POWER LEDGER electricity metering, big data acquisition, generation ownership and energy are either co-located or located in rapid micro transactions and grid consumption, meaning value can be different locations, such as an off- management at an unprecedented derived from an investment in distributed site solar farm planned for South granular scale. energy resources even when the investor Fremantle. is absent or doesn’t consume all the CHALLENGE The Australian Government will provide In April 2018, Power Ledger energy they generate. The challenges of integrating 2.57 million AUD in direct funding and announced a trial partnership with distributed energy production another 5.68 million AUD will be provided AUSTRALIA Japan’s second largest energy and alignment with demand could by project partners including Curtin retailer KEPCO. The trial will help be addressed through blockchain University, Murdoch University, Curtin USEFUL LINKS: renewable energy customers technology and data analytics. Institute of Computation, LandCorp, the powerledger.io better monetise their investments, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial and help KEPCO develop virtual INNOVATION Research Organisation (CSIRO)/Data energy power plants to better Power Ledger is trialling the 61 and Cisco. use of blockchain-powered support the demands of the wider distributed energy and water energy market. systems. It is gathering In May 2018, Power Ledger academics, infrastructure, and struck a deal with Northwestern technology experts to assess how University in Chicago, USA, for cities can use this technology for the first commercial deployment the integration of renewables. of its technology platform. The trial will involve highly This deployment will enable resilient, low-carbon and low-cost Northwestern to trade the power systems installed and connected generated by solar panels on using blockchain technology. university buildings between A large solar PV plant, rooftop facilities without investing in solar PV panels, a precinct- any technology of its own, with sized battery, an electric vehicle Power Ledger collecting a small charging station and a precinct percentage of each trade. water capture and treatment

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This revolutionary sodium-based battery POTENTIAL creates the conditions for long-lasting The new generation of sodium-based impact on the electric vehicle and batteries will allow electronics such as renewables sectors and a range of laptop computers, sensors and flashlights electronic applications. to be lighter and last longer between ACTION charges. These batteries are also safer as non-flammable electrolyte is used The project was awarded the Innovation to eliminate the risk of fire due to short Radar Prize in 2015. BroadBit is now circuits. 03 working with Fraunhofer to develop the manufacturing process for a battery Decarbonising the transport sector is BROADBIT capable of higher energy density and at an urgent need and can be achieved by a lower cost than lithium-ion batteries. increasing the deployment of e-vehicles. High costs, safety, long recharging time New generations of batteries and and limited storage are the main barriers innovative energy storage solutions have to uptake of e-vehicles. BroadBit offers a huge potential to accelerate the market an innovative solution making electric adoption of electric vehicles and to CHALLENGE INNOVATION vehicles price competitive and enabling progress in transitioning towards a clean Compared to the current The technology start-up BroadBit longer driving range. and sustainable mobility system. lithium-ion technology solutions, has developed new batteries EC In the short term, BroadBit is planning to BroadBit is already at an advanced BroadBit’s sodium batteries are using novel sodium-based FI have the batteries used in drones and stage of pre-commercialisation and is significantly more cost-effective, chemistries with the support of electric bikes. The mid term goal is to currently raising funds and negotiating safer and more environmentally the EU Framework Programme. have the batteries used in electric cars, partnerships to finalise R&D and to friendly have a wider operating BroadBit’s batteries are based passenger planes, buses and trucks, produce battery components and temperature range and allow on metallic sodium and other while the long term goal is to have assembly battery cells. for the 100x scaling needed to widely available and plentiful applications in grid storage. supply coming rechargeable compounds. The main active battery market. material is sodium chloride (NaCl), USEFUL LINKS: also known as table salt. BroadBit website: broadbit.com

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greenhouse gas emissions. They provide an opportunity for a cost- USEFUL LINKS: 04 effective means to smoothen the icef-forum.org/top10/pdf/ICEF2017_ HIGH-POWER ALL-SOLID-STATE electricity from intermittent renewable top10_5.pdf energy sources, especially solar. There BATTERIES USING SULFIDE is still work remaining in order for the nedo.go.jp/english/news/ SUPERIONIC CONDUCTORS technology to become commercially AA5en_100060.html available, but this discovery may pave nature.com/articles/ the way for all-solid-state batteries to nenergy201630?WT.feed_ become commercialised. name=subjects_energy

CHALLENGE Technology Development Organization (NEDO), the Conventional lithium-ion batteries, Japanese government agency which use liquid electrolytes, are JAPAN which supports innovation reaching the upper limit of energy in renewable energies and density and facing challenges environmental and industrial concerning limited operation technologies. temperature. All-solid-state batteries are a promising solution ACTION to creating a high-capacity and Testing has revealed that the highly-powered battery of the battery is able to operate future. efficiently at a wide range of INNOVATION temperatures, between -30 and 100 degrees Celsius while Toyota Motor Corporation and a conventional lithium ion cell the Tokyo Institute of Technology showed very low discharge have discovered superionic capacity at -30 degrees and conductors with the world’s couldn’t operate at 100 degrees. highest lithium-ion conductivity. They have been applied to POTENTIAL develop an all-solid-state battery All-solid-state batteries can that has achieved a power be used as electric vehicle density three times as high as the batteries or stationary storage to conventional lithium-ion batteries. support intermittent renewables, This is part of a project with contributing to the reduction of the New Energy and Industrial

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electrodes by mixing in a POTENTIAL fluoropolymer, a ceramic Developing a lithium secondary solid electrolyte that features battery that features high- enhanced conductivity, with a safety solid electrolytes, which small amount of liquid electrolyte, performs as well as organic liquid before making the mixture into 05 electrolytes, will enable LIB use a film. DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC-INORGANIC in electric vehicles and energy The electric energy storage storage systems, while ensuring HYBRID SOLID ELECTROLYTES FOR capacity of the new battery is public safety. MEDIUM-LARGE-SIZED SEMI-SOLID about 95% of the capacity of the conventional LIB but with LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES enhanced safety. ACTION The ionic conductivity of a LLZO ceramic electrolyte was improved CHALLENGE This required the team to to as much as a fifth of the level overcome low ionic conductivity The lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) found in conventional liquid and deterioration of performance electrolytes and separators. KOREA that are currently available characteristics due to high use flammable organic liquid By applying this technology, resistance in the degradation electrolytes, posing a potential an organic-inorganic hybrid of contact with the anode and fire and explosion hazard. solid electrolyte with enhanced cathode that occurs during cell ionic movement capability was INNOVATION manufacturing. designed and developed that is This project sought to replace A soft, half solid-state electrolyte more than 50% better than the liquid electrolytes with safer material was designed that can level found in conventional liquid solid electrolytes in lithium-ion be directly coated onto electrolytes and separators. batteries.

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06 UPSIDE ENERGY CLOUD BASED SMART GRID PLATFORM

CHALLENGE the right times, communicating through the Internet of Things. The deployment of renewable energy technologies means that UNITED ACTION power increasingly comes from KINGDOM Upside Energy developed a pilot multiple, intermittent sources. through a collaborative project, This makes it challenging for the with funding from Innovate UK, network operators to balance and partners including Sharp supply with demand. Inefficiencies Laboratories of Europe, Select in energy supply lead to volatile Innovations (enLight), Tempus energy prices for customers and © Upside Energy Ltd Energy and the University of higher greenhouse gas emissions. Manchester. INNOVATION When there is too much power, the system, in a physical and digital network, In 2017 the UK government and batteries and hot water tanks will charge/ would provide the flexibility needed to A UK company, Upside Energy, Innovate UK awarded £2.5m heat; when there is too little, the batteries efficiently integrate renewable energy has developed a cloud based to a consortium led by Upside can provide power to the grid and the hot supplies into the grid, helping network smart-grid technology that eases Energy,with Powervault, Mixergy, water tanks will stop heating. The project operators to balance electricity supply peak-time pressure by connecting Eden Project and Oxford expects to install 500 intelligent hot and demand. Customers could also save a range of common devices that University, for the Pete (Power, water tanks and 100 lithium-ion batteries on their energy costs, avoiding using store energy. Upside Energy’s energy, technology, efficiency) in households across England. electricity during peak times. platform aggregates the energy Project. The project is developing stored in everyday connected an integrated system using home POTENTIAL devices, such as batteries and battery systems, intelligent hot Through the aggregation of domestic hot water tanks, to create a virtual water tanks, and cloud-based storage devices, Upside Energy USEFUL LINKS: energy store that can be drawn Demand Side Response Services estimates that the Pete Project will Pete (Power, energy, technology, on as needed. Devices in homes to provide a balancing service to be able to offer 1MW of power to the efficiency) website:peteproject.com and small businesses can then the power industry. grid. This type of integrated, low-cost be quickly switched on or off at

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08 DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF AN IOT-BASED CAMPUS MICROGRID 07 AT SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SILICON-AIR BATTERY REACHES A DURATION Seoul National University has At the same time, technologies for developed an Internet of Things- effective load management and OF OVER 1000 HOURS based campus microgrid. It uses economic grid management can various resources including be developed. KOREA FOR THE FIRST TIME renewable energy to optimise In the future, demonstration power consumption and save of microgrids needs to be energy. conducted in a wide variety of The development of energy On the downside, silicon-air The microgrid analyses the conditions so that the economics storage capabilities is crucial for batteries have a relatively short characteristics of each load to and reliability of the campus the integration of renewables into runtime The AlSiBat project is develop precise campus models. microgrids model can be GERMANY the power grid or in off-grid areas. seeking to overcome this. Having Supplying surplus power from one thoroughly verified. Silicon-air batteries have the discovered this weakness was microgrid to another microgrid potential to outperform current caused by the consumption of the manages the power consumption technology. They have a much electrolyte, a pump system was of the entire grid system, higher energy density, are smaller developed to refill the electrolyte especially during peak demand. and lighter than today’s lithium- fluid as required achieving a ion batteries, as well as being runtime of over 1,100 hours. environmentally friendly and Ways to keep the battery running insensitive to external influences. without refilling the electrolyte are Silicon is also relatively low-cost now being explored. and almost indefinitely available.

22 23 SECTION 01 SMART GRIDSSECTION & ENERGY 01 STORAGE| ENERGY

10 ESTABLISHMENT OF PILOT PROJECT ON GRID SCALE BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS (BESS) OF DIFFERENT 09 TECHNOLOGIES DIE STADT ALS SPEICHER (CITY AS STORAGE) Recognising the increasing various parameters like overall importance of Battery Energy sizing, efficiency, auxiliary Storage Systems in India, power consumption, operational POWERGRID has established difficulties and maintenance INDIA Virtual energy storage has been The virtual storage was a pioneering pilot project requirements. While the units successfully demonstrated across adapted to market demand and demonstrating two battery are relatively small for large grid two German cities, Herten and participated in the spot market. storage system technologies storage management, this could GERMANY Wunsiedel. As part of a project, This system could have a role (Advanced Lead Acid & Lithium be advantageous in the future as several small and medium-size to play in the rapidly changing Iron Phosphate) with battery grids become less centralised, as prosumers and producers were energy supply sector with owners management at Puducherry. well as for off-grid locations. bundled and participated in the of CHP plants, heat pumps, night The systems, of 250 kWh and The inclusion of multiple storage energy markets. Both private storage heating or PV-batteries 500 kW in size, are installed in technologies along with grid and municipal plants formed motivated to promote clean one location and connected management software will part of the model, connecting energy systems. with the same feeder to provide provide valuable data to enable households, electric vehicles and identical grid conditions. They grid balancing and facilitate wider a public swimming pool, as great can therefore be compared on deployment of renewables. untapped storage capability lies in existing infrastructure.

24 25 SECTION 2 RENEWABLE ENERGY 05 Norway 08 Sweden

Dynatec Reactor - Wave power inspired Spinning the solar revolution by the heart

01 Canada 03 Korea 06 Canada 09 Chile

Fundy Ocean Research Center Development of fabrication of Glencore’s Raglan mine: Atacama Modules, for Energy (FORCE) a highly efficient and large-area A wind turbine success Systems & Technology Center perovskite photovoltaic module (AtaMoSTeC) using a printing process

02 India 04 India 07 China 10 Japan

Ocean based floating islands Micro Solar Dome (MSD) Qinghai achieves zero emissions Breakthrough’s in solar capable of generating sustainable - Surya Jyoti for 168 hours non-stop conversion efficiencies solar power for remote coastal locations

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Used with permission from FORCE 01 FUNDY OCEAN RESEARCH CENTER FOR ENERGY

CHALLENGE Unlike wind and solar, tidal energy offers a significant strategic Most of Nova Scotia’s electricity advantage: it is predictable, is still generated by burning CANADA allowing electricity utilities to imported fossil fuels. These reliably predict tidal resource emissions contribute to rising levels years in advance. For tidal sea levels, storm surges, stream technology to move to extreme weather events, ocean large-scale development, the acidification and population-level public and regulators must be ACTION POTENTIAL shifts in the marine ecosystem satisfied that any development on which Atlantic Canada is FORCE has successfully fabricated and The world’s oceans contain vast activity is safe, sustainable and particularly dependent. installed an 11 km subsea power cable amounts of energy, with the potential to viable. FORCE’s environmental network – the largest transmission meet 10% of global electricity demand. INNOVATION effects monitoring program is capacity for tidal stream in the world. It Estimates suggest Canada’s total marine Tidal stream energy holds great designed to better understand has also welcomed the first 2-megawatt renewable energy technology potential promise for producing low-carbon the natural environment of the tidal stream turbine connected to the is approximately 80,000 MW, with many electricity and the Fundy Ocean Minas Passage and the potential North American grid – Cape Sharp Tidal’s high-energy sites. To explore these Research Centre for Energy effects of turbines as related to OpenHydro turbine. opportunities, the industry must continue marine life and mammals, marine to refine tidal stream technology, (FORCE) is in an ideal geographic The Fundy Advanced Sensor Technology noise, benthic habitat and other lowering technical and financial risk, setting to explore this promise. programme enhances environmental data variables. as well as monitoring tidal devices and Approximately 160 billion tonnes of capture, site characterization capability mitigating any potential effects. water flows through Canada’s Bay and marine operation methodologies of Fundy each tide, equal to four in extreme high flow environments. times the estimated flow of all the Collecting this data will help address any USEFUL LINKS: freshwater rivers and streams in environmental concerns related to this the world combined. breakthrough technology. fundyforce.ca

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INNOVATION ACTION These solar powered islands can also serve as autonomous research stations 02 PSea6 Energy has created eco- A prototype unit has been installed in the middle of the sea, capable of friendly floating islands called off the coast of Tamil Nadu, where the collecting valuable oceanographic data OCEAN BASED Dweeps, which are modular, results have been extremely promising. throughout the year. FLOATING ISLANDS scalable and designed to survive the harsh marine environment. POTENTIAL CAPABLE OF The Dweeps make use of the As a next step, there are plans to deploy GENERATING plentiful ocean surface to provide a system capable of generating at USEFUL LINKS: least 100 kW of power to demonstrate a novel way of deploying existing dweep.in SUSTAINABLE SOLAR technology to generate solar the potential of the system. The size POWER FOR REMOTE energy. This power can also be of the islands can vary based on their used to generate fresh water application, ranging from a few square COASTAL LOCATIONS through desalination plants, metres to several hectares. generating the maximum amount of fresh water in the hot summers when the sun is most plentiful and CHALLENGE when water is most needed. There are several coastal and The Dweeps are able to withstand island communities in India and poor weather conditions by INDIA around the world with intermittent making use of a concept found or no access to electricity. While ubiquitously in nature – tensegrity solar energy can help electrify – to flex to the changing surface these locations, acquiring of the ocean rather than resisting large tracts of land on which to it. Using a combination of pre- base a plant in these regions stressed cables and struts, it is is problematic and expensive, able to mimic the flexibility seen in especially considering the the human body with bones and growing population. However, tendons. An added advantage these coastal regions do have of this system is that the flexible one resource in abundance – nature allows the structure to the sea. Floating solar power absorb the wave energy, acting installations on lakes has been as a natural breakwater to reduce gaining popularity over the last coastal erosion by waves. few years, but there has been no system capable of laying a solar power plant over the ocean.

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03 DEVELOPMENT OF FABRICATION OF A performance after 50 heat cycles (-45°C The team is currently working on – 85°C). This makes these cells longer optimising the module production HIGHLY EFFICIENT lasting and more efficient than previous process to minimise areas of loss and AND LARGE- generations. make them longer lasting. AREA PEROVSKITE ACTION POTENTIAL The project has broken the world record The research team applied high- PHOTOVOLTAIC for perovskite solar cell efficiency five efficiency technologies in producing MODULE USING A times and most recently achieved an large modules through a printing process. efficiency level of 22.7% on a unit cell in It is expected that applying roll-to-roll PRINTING PROCESS October 2017. This efficiency level is on processing, a production method that par with those of conventional silicon allows for rapid mass production at low solar cells and higher than the 22.1% cost, will revolutionise the dissemination and 22.6% maximum efficiency levels of of solar cells in the future. cadmium telluride (CdTe) in thin film solar cells and copper indium gallium selenide CHALLENGE INNOVATION (CIGS) solar cells. The efficiency of perovskite solar A research team at the Korea cells, which are price-competitive Research Institute of Chemical A 20.9% efficiency level was also KOREA and offer flexibility, translucency, Technology has produced large confirmed on a unit cell created as part and lightness, needs to be modules through a printing of the effort to secure enlargement improved so they can compete process. It has successfully technology. with silicon solar cells. Unlike fabricated high efficiency modules conventional silicon solar cells, with an efficiency level of over perovskite solar cells can be used 15% (based on active areas) that in the emerging window-type and exhibit heat stability for 1,000 portable solar cell market. hours at 85°C, as well as excellent

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POTENTIAL 04 The installation of Micro Solar Domes MP Local Area Development Schemes, MICRO SOLAR DOME (MSD) could lead to an emission reduction and Corporate Social Responsibility of 12.5 million tonnes of CO2. The activities of public sector enterprises. - SURYA JYOTI Department of Science and Technology is providing training and licenses to start-up and self-help groups to make the lamps. Attempts are also being made USEFUL LINKS: to integrate the device for subsidy in youtu.be/irpJvLqh6a0 The light passes through a sun- CHALLENGE rural and urban housing schemes, tube, which has a thin layer of The Surya Jyoti Micro Solar Dome highly reflective coating on the is a unique device designed to INDIA inner wall of the passage. tackle the problem of access to lighting for remote and The latest model operates in underdeveloped communities. three modes: daylight without any There are currently millions of electricity, night time with solar PV off-grid households in rural areas and night time with conventional or households in urban areas grid after 17 hours of operation. without reliable electricity. ACTION INNOVATION 4,000 Micro Solar Domes The device is low cost, simple have been installed in to use and eco-friendly. It can impoverished parts of Delhi, work for up to 17 hours giving an Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru. illumination equivalent of a 60 They have been tested and watt incandescent lamp, with a developed with support from lifespan of up to 20 years for the the Department of Science and dome structure. Technology’s Clean Energy Research Initiative. 54 technicians The device has a transparent from 14 states have been trained semi-spherical upper dome in the manufacturing process. made of acrylic material which captures the sunlight.

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CHALLENGE ACTION Producing solar panels requires With support from the Research the purification of silicon, which Council of Norway, Dynatec NORWAY 05 is a slow and energy intensive has built two demonstration DYNATEC REACTOR - SPINNING process. Currently production reactors. The energy consumption of solar grade silicon is primarily of a decomposition reactor is THE SOLAR REVOLUTION carried out using the Siemens currently about 70 kwh/kg, while reactor. Silicon rods are heated to the new centrifugal reactor has between 800 and 1,100 degrees demonstrated production of Celsius, and a silicon containing first grade silicon at less than gas is injected and thermally 5kwh/kg. decomposed releasing silicon that is deposited onto the rods. POTENTIAL To prevent silicon growth on the Having already built two walls, these are kept at below successful demonstration reactors 200 degrees Celsius. the company is now building a full-scale industrial reactor in INNOVATION cooperation with a customer. Dynatec has produced a Dynatec has also founded two centrifugal reactor which lowers spin off companies where the the energy intensity of refining centrifugal reactor is to be used silicon in solar panel production differently and refitted to make by 90% compared to the silicon nano-particles of similar decomposition reactors currently shape and size for both battery in use. and medical applications. Instead of keeping hot elements inside a cool chamber, with Dynatec’s reactor the deposition USEFUL LINKS: takes place on the walls. The whole reactor is also set into sciencenordic.com/speedy- rotation and built as a centrifuge. production-silicon-solar-cells By inverting the process, it is possible to grow the silicon without maintaining large © Dynatec Engineering AS temperature differences.

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06 GLENCORE’S RAGLAN MINE: A WIND TURBINE SUCCESS

CHALLENGE wheel – to successfully manage wind power dips and drops Wind power in Northern Canada without tripping the security has had limited success. CANADA mechanisms of the Raglan diesel Conditions in the area can be micro-grid. challenging for rotating machines and the variable nature of wind The project deployed an Arctic- makes it difficult to integrate with rated 3 MW ENERCON E-82 © Tugliq Energy Co. diesel power plants. As a result, E4 wind turbine generator. A one of the best wind resource spider-like steel foundation regions is largely unexploited. was engineered for the turbine ACTION in the region, Glencore’s Raglan mine successfully demonstrates that in order to alleviate potential The wind turbine has successfully INNOVATION harvesting wind energy can improve problems associated with operated for three consecutive years, Glencore’s Raglan mine long-term economic stability and energy melting of ice lenses in Raglan’s delivering 20.1 GWh of renewable energy demonstrates that these security, and reduce greenhouse permafrost, should global to the Glencore RAGLAN Mine, abating obstacles can be overcome. With gas emissions and the environmental warming accelerate over the 20- 5.1 million litres of diesel and 14,424 tons $7.8 million in funding from the footprint of Canada’s northern mining year lifecycle of the turbine. It is of CO2 equivalent in greenhouse gas Government of Canada, Tugliq operations and communities. The also equipped with a cold winter emissions. Energy Co is reaching new package that includes blade company is currently installing another heights in harvesting wind energy heating by air convection. Through 2015 and 2016 the wind turbine wind turbine, with even more storage. at an industrial scale through its achieved a record-setting 97.6% uptime A Hatch Microgrid Controller Glencore Raglan Mine Renewable average (among the world’s best in 3MW (HμGrid) monitors demand for Electricity Smart-Grid Pilot class). The wind and storage system will wind power, and variations in USEFUL LINKS: Demonstration project. be monitored for a minimum of five years. supply, to produce a smooth tugliq.com/en/wind.html Tugliq Energy used a flywheel – power output that enables high POTENTIAL tugliq.com/press/Tugliq%20 a mechanical device that stores (50%) wind power penetration in a Acting as a flagship site for future Public%20Report%20EN.pdf energy created by a spinning cost-effective way. industrial-scale wind power development

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08 WAVE POWER INSPIRED BY THE HEART 07 QINGHAI ACHIEVES CorPower Ocean AB has Public sector support has been developed a compact high- provided at several stages ZERO EMISSIONS FOR efficiency Wave Energy including through the EU Horizon Converter, with a design inspired 2020 funded project WaveBoost. SWEDEN 168 HOURS NON-STOP by the pumping principles of A half-scale unit is currently being the human heart. The design tested on the coast of Scotland. enables the converter to oscillate in resonance with the incoming The State Grid Corporation of The Qinghai Yellow River waves, strongly amplifying their China achieved 100% clean Hydropower Company developed motion and power capture. This USEFUL LINKS: energy supply to the Qinghai a new model of water and enables a significant reduction in corpowerocean.com CHINA province for a record-breaking solar complementarity using the required buoy size compared 168 hours non-stop. During this photovoltaic power generation to conventional wave energy period it relied on the coordinated of plants such as the Gonghe converters, and improves use of various power sources Photovoltaic Industrial Park, and survivability due to the ability to including wind, hydro and solar upstream hydroelectric power detune the device in storms. and control and rolling closed- stations, such as Longyangxia, loop dispatching to achieve zero emissions moving them closer to achieving towns run on 100% renewable energies.

40 41 SECTION 02 SECTIONRENEWABLE 01 | ENERGY

10 BREAKTHROUGH’S IN SOLAR CONVERSION 09 EFFICIENCIES ATACAMA MODULES, SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY CENTER Japan aims to reduce the cost Kaneka Corporation has also of solar power generation to achieved the world’s highest (ATAMOSTEC) $0.06 per kWh by 2030 through conversion efficiency in a its innovation programme. As crystalline silicon solar cell of JAPAN part of the programme, several practical size (26.33% for 180 breakthroughs have been cm²). By combining heterojunction The Atacama Desert, in the north Chilean Universities, Fraunhofer achieved in this technology area. technology, low resistance of Chile has the highest levels (Germany), the National Solar electrode technology, and a Sharp Corporation has achieved of solar irradiation in the world. Energy Institute (France) and 19 back-contact structure achieved one of the world’s highest CHILE However, this region faces a companies to carry out applied capture of more solar energy. conversion efficiency for a solar DE,FR number of specific challenges research and development. The module (31.17% for 968 cm2). A which effects the scale-up of consortium aims to adapt and triple-junction compound was the use of photovoltaics. This develop appropriate photovoltaic used to capture a wider range of include high levels of ultra violet technologies for desert zone the spectrum of sunlight. radiation, temperature over conditions and high solar the solar panels of up to 70°c irradiation, in terms of durability degrees, dust, water scarcity and and expected yields, with the a high seismic activity. In 2016 target to reduce the energy cost the Chilean Government funded level by the year 2025. a consortium involving several

42 43 SECTION 3 FUELS

01 EC 03 China 05 China 07 EC

Itaka Biomass aqueous CO2 Hydrogenation with European Innovation reforming to produce renewable H2 to produce Council Prize - Fuel from the alternative aviation fuels chemical fuels Sun: Artificial photosynthesis

02 Germany 04 India 06 Sweden 08 Germany

Energiepark Mainz The DBT-ICT C Green - 21st century Synlight - The World’s 2G-Ethanol Technology superefficient sludge largest artificial sun disposal

44 45 SECTION 03 FUELS

© Maksym Yemelyanov - fotolia.com value chain, from feedstock and 01 fuel producers to fuel distributors and users such as airports and ITAKA airport managers and airlines. The breakthrough project has revealed total compatibility and better energy efficiency for CHALLENGE airplane engines, testing biojet fuel in existing airport fuel systems In order to reduce carbon and in a series of long-haul and emissions, biofuels are EC short-haul flights. At the same time, considered the only available ES, FR, RO, the project has proved that flying CH, UK, FI, option to decarbonise the air on advanced biofuel is safe, and IT, NL,BR transport sector in the near future, successfully demonstrated that due to this sector’s dependence biojet fuel can be used as a green on liquid fuels and its rapid alternative to fossil fuels in the rate of growth expecting to same aeroplane engine and in the exceed 10% of the global GHG and negligible particle shoot emissions Recognising that scaling up is critical same airport structure. emissions in 2050. As an aircraft due to the fuel source and handling while for bringing innovation to the market, lifetime is over 30 years, drop- ACTION engine tests proved more than 30% a new project (BIO4A) is supported in decarbonised solutions are improvement for the local air quality under Horizon 2020 ensuring industry The environmental impact as an needed for existing fleets. at airports. commitment as part of retrofitting Total’s indirect outcome of this project refinery in La Méde France which has (if the project would be applied For the market out-reach, the project INNOVATION renewable fuel capacity of several to 2.1 million hectares left fallow established supply of biojet fuel through Project ITAKA has supported the hundred thousand tonnes per year. (no crop) in Europe yearly) is only conventional logistics channels and development of aviation biofuels The production of 5,000- 10,000 estimated at around 700,000 illustrated that the declaration of its use in an economic and sustainable thousand tonnes of biojet fuel within tons per year of sustainable is possible under the Emissions Trading manner, and at the same time the project is supported also through biojet fuel (around 1% of EU jet Scheme and the Renewable Energy improved the readiness of existing take off agreements for its purchase fuel consumption) that could save Directive policies. technologies and infrastructures. by KLM and Air France. 1.7 Mt CO2eq and create around ITAKA is an innovative project 100,000 jobs. POTENTIAL funded by the EU’s Seventh Since January 2017, biojet fuel produced Framework Programme for The project confirmed very in the EU was used for the first time USEFUL LINKS: Research and Technological positive environmental impact of worldwide by more than 6 million ec.europa.eu/research/infocentre/ Development. The project brought GHG savings more than 70% on a passengers in around 60,000 flights. article_en.cfm?artid=44616 together the main actors along the life cycle basis of the value chain

46 47 SECTION 03 FUELS

and to make heat and power, The hydrogen produced can be augment the energy transition by 02 but also as a building block for stored and either converted back sector integration. To achieve this the green industry. E.g. in a fuel cell, to electricity later, or used for other concept needs to reach economic ENERGIEPARK hydrogen can be converted purposes like mobility, heating or as viability; for that, energy regulation and MAINZ (ENERGY directly and highly efficiently an industrial feedstock. political support should be tailored into electric power, allowing accordingly. In addition, the production, The Energiepark constitutes the world’s FARM IN MAINZ) zero emission mobility on roads, storage and distribution of hydrogen first multi-Megawatt PEM electrolyser railway and water. should be standardised, electrolysers installation; previously the technology capabilities further improved and Energiepark Mainz, operated had been used at much smaller scale, extended hydrogen applications by Stadtwerke Mainz and Linde e.g. at hydrogen fuelling stations. In May actively developed and pushed. CHALLENGE and co-financed by the Federal 2018 it is still the world’s largest system Ministry of Economic Affairs and Electricity from renewable by peak capacity. Energy in Germany, was launched sources accounts for GERMANY to investigate and demonstrate POTENTIAL USEFUL LINKS: approximately one third of the large-scale hydrogen production In the future similar plants could work in power supplied in Germany. energiepark-mainz.de from renewable energy for a various locations to stabilise the grid and The government aims to raise variety of use cases. A 6 MW this to 65% by 2030 and to Proton Exchange Membrane 80% by 2050. The challenge (PEM) electrolysis made by is that wind and solar radiation Siemens has been brought to are intermittent, so storage full-scale proof-of-concept at capabilities are needed. Further, Energiepark. It is connected to “sector integration” is vital to also a wind farm in the direct vicinity, decarbonise other sectors, and which is sufficient to compensate energy needs to be transported for capacity shortages in the from the sources to the users. distribution grid. INNOVATION ACTION The energy carrier hydrogen is Energiepark Mainz vividly the key element to solving these demonstrates the potential of three challenges. hydrogen as an energy vector. It can be made by from water The electrolysers can be and renewable power by switched on and off or ramped “electrolysis”, and it can simply up and down within seconds be stored, transported and used to take up excess energy and – not only as a fuel for vehicles stabilise the grid. By Energiepark Mainz

48 49 SECTION 03 FUELS

ACTION POTENTIAL 03 The demonstration project has Governments could work together to an anticipated production volume of make the most of their resources, for BIOMASS AQUEOUS REFORMING TO 1,000 tons of aviation fuel per year. example agriculture and industries like PRODUCE ALTERNATIVE AVIATION FUELS The project will process 12,000 tons sugar refining could convert their waste of corn stalks per year generating 2.4 or by-products into aviation fuels. The million yuan for local farmers, providing research would also benefit from the value-added utilisation of corn stalks. support of leading airlines, especially in the areas of emission control and The key component of the CHALLENGE creating a new aviation fuel standard. processes is to effectively The International Air Transport combine the traditional hydrolysis Association has calculated that CHINA technology and new hydrothermal alternative jet fuel can reduce depolymerisation technology. carbon dioxide emissions by 50 per cent. Sustainable aviation fuel Another advantage of the can be created by aqueous phase technology is to simplify the reforming technology. This is the utilisation process of biomass, most viable solution particularly resolving the problem associated for developing economies that with separation of biomass cannot afford to buy newer platform compounds and generation aircraft. enrichment of energy intensity. INNOVATION This new technology is the only method that can convert To produce sustainable aviation whole biomass to aviation fuel from lignocellulose, an fuels by an aqueous reforming innovative technology had been process. It is more efficient and developed by the Guangzhou environmentally friendly than Institute of Energy Conversion to pathways. and Chinese Academy of Science. The alternative aviation fuels is produced from corn or sorghum stalks using a series of catalytic conversion processes.

50 51 SECTION 03 FUELS

CHALLENGE take anywhere from 3 to 5 days. The plant design also has unique 80% of India’s 150GW energy features such as advanced requirement is met from imported reactor design and separation INDIA petro-crude. The country is technologies with rapid reaction mandated to blend 5% green regime operations. 04 biofuels into gasoline and diesel THE DBT-ICT 2G-ETHANOL by its National Biofuel Policy ACTION (2009). However, India today The technology was proven at 1 has no diesel substitute of TECHNOLOGY ton/day scale during Phase 1 at note while barely managing to the India Glycols site. This was achieve circa 3.3% bioethanol later scaled up to a demonstration blending into gasoline. The use scale plant of 750,000 litres of surplus agricultural residues annual alcohol capacity. and other renewable sources of energy could lead to partial or POTENTIAL full replacement of petro-derived The DBT-ICT Centre, along fuels, ensuring a sustainable with industrial partners, Bharat energy supply for the country. Petroleum Corporation and INNOVATION Hindustan Petroleum Corporation, are already on the way to design 2G Ethanol technology developed and scale-up the technology by the DBT-ICT Centre, which to 400 ton/day scale. Larsen & produces ethanol from agricultural Toubro Hydrocarbon Engineering residue feedstock, has the has signed on as the engineering potential to significantly reduce partner for the commercialisation emissions from the transportation of the technology. and agricultural sectors in India. It also promises added social, The aim is to demonstrate that the economic and environmental technology is cost-effective and benefit such as revenue for easy to scale up. The impact of farmers, job creation and less significant usage would be a net agricultural waste. reduction in the import of crude oil and of carbon emissions. The continuous processing technology converts biomass The conversion of agri-waste to feed to alcohol within 24 hours. ethanol would help achieve the Competing technologies from proposed 20% target of ethanol the developed economies can blending with biodiesel.

52 53 SECTION 03 FUELS

CHALLENGE to 315°C. The catalyst showed high stability for at least 500 The direct production of liquid hours on stream and resistance to fuels from carbon dioxide sintering at higher temperatures. CHINA hydrogenation has attracted 05 enormous interest for its significant The DICP team also achieved CO2 HYDROGENATION role in mitigating emissions and selective conversion of CO2 reducing dependence on fossil to lower olefins through CO2 WITH RENEWABLE H2 TO fuels. That is provided that the hydrogenation over a ZnZrO/ hydrogen (H2) is from renewable SAPO tandem catalyst. The PRODUCE CHEMICAL FUELS sources, such as photocatalytic selectivity for lower olefins was or photoelectrochemical as high as 80−90%. Furthermore, splitting of water. this catalyst is stable toward the thermal and sulfur treatments. INNOVATION DICP has also reported a highly In 2017, scientists in China efficient, stable and multifunctional developed a variety of catalysts Na–Fe3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst. It can to covert carbon dioxide (CO2) to directly convert CO2 to gasoline- methanol, gasoline hydrocarbons, range (C5–C11) hydrocarbons and even lower olefins with with selectivity up to 78% of all high selectivity and conversion hydrocarbons, while only 4% efficiency under relatively mild methane at a CO2 conversion experimental conditions. of 22% and remarkable stability Development of these CO2 for 1,000 hours on stream. hydrogenation catalysts makes it possible to reduce CO2 emissions ACTION and convert CO2 to value added The technologies attracted chemicals, such as fuels and extensive attention from the chemical feedstocks in large scale. industrial sector and now the process is going through a Dalian Institute of Chemical pilot phase to scale up the Physics (DICP) has developed experimental solutions in China. a ZnO-ZrO2 solid solution catalyst, which can achieve CO2 POTENTIAL to methanol selectivity of 86- This breakthrough may rapidly 91% with conversion efficiency accelerate CO2 utilisation in of more than 10% under reaction industry, thereby reducing conditions of 5.0 MPa, 24,000 ml/ global emissions. (g hour), H2/CO2 = 3:1 to 4:1, 320°

54 55 SECTION 03 SECTION 01 | ENERGYFUELS

07 EUROPEAN INNOVATION COUNCIL PRIZE - FUEL FROM THE 06 SUN: ARTIFICIAL ©Brosko #235563640, ifong #82142185 2017 C GREEN – PHOTOSYNTHESIS 21ST CENTURY

SUPEREFFICIENT Artificial photosynthesis can This is one of six Horizon 2020 SLUDGE DISPOSAL contribute to tackling both prizes, setting ambitious goals energy and climate problems as to solve major challenges facing a sustainable alternative to fossil present-day society. EC fuels for a range of applications in Meeting the challenge will Sweden-based C Green has This can convert 60 tons of industry, housing and transport. stimulate innovation, raise created a revolutionary new way wastewater sludge, industrial It mimics the process of natural public awareness, encourage to convert wet sludge into biofuel. sludge or wet biomass per day photosynthesis by absorbing the industrial participation and Increasing amounts of sludge into biofuel. solar energy to produce fuel that SWEDEN creation of start-ups, as well as are being produced by sewage can be stored and transported. The resulting biofuel is increase commercial interest. treatment plants around the It is considered one of the odourless and free from bacteria, Moreover, this prize will help world, containing 270 TWh per most promising clean energy viruses and the most complex accelerate the development of year of energy. technology breakthroughs. pharmaceutical residues, and is new solar energy conversion To tackle the challenge of water suitable for use in biofuel The European Commission systems. content of the material, C Green power plants. has launched a €5 million patented Zero-Energy HT - an Artificial Photosynthesis Prize for energy-efficient hydrothermal innovators globally to build a fully carbonization process. functioning prototype.

56 57 SECTION 03 SECTION 01 | ENERGYFUELS

08 SYNLIGHT - THE WORLD’S LARGEST ARTIFICIAL SUN

Synlight, located at the German Aerospace Center facility in Jülich, is the world’s largest solar simulator. With a 350-kilowatt array, Synlight GERMANY produces solar radiation 10,000 times more intense than at the Earth’s surface. Temperatures at the target point of the lamps can reach up to 3,000 degrees Celsius. Researchers use these temperatures to manufacture fuels including hydrogen. With three radiation chambers available for experiments in which the required radiation can be directed, Synlight allows intensive research into alternative energy production. Fuels, propellants and combustibles acquired using solar power offer immense potential for long-term storage, the production of chemical raw materials, and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. ©Markus Hauschild

58 59 SECTION 4 TRANSPORTATION

03 Norway 05 Germany

ChargeFlex New fuel membrane beats state-of-the-art technology

01 Australia 02 Norway 04 Sweden 06 Canada

Reinventing the wheel Future of the Fjords Enerfy - the future of AddÉnergie’s smart infrastructure for global markets auto insurance for charging electric vehicles

60 61 SECTION 04 TRANSPORTATION

01 REINVENTING THE WHEEL FOR GLOBAL MARKETS

CHALLENGE The one-piece carbon fibre wheels are up to 50% lighter than Transport is responsible for aluminium wheels for equivalent almost a quarter of energy-related AUSTRALIA strength, and can deliver a 6% greenhouse gas emissions improvement in fuel efficiency worldwide, and emissions are when they are fully integrated increasing at a faster rate than into vehicle design. Their use any other sectors in the past could significantly improve vehicle decade. Emissions produced by fuel efficiency and reduce CO₂ light vehicles account for over half The Australian Government through production markets, closer to major emissions intensity by reducing of the total. Without intervention, the Clean Energy Innovation Fund, global automotive markets. The local vehicle weight. global transport emissions could committed 10 million AUD to Carbon operation will be used as a test bed and grow by 70% to 2050. ACTION Revolution’s 50 million AUD capital also serve as a production site for larger raising in 2016. but small-volume wheels for trucks Carbon Revolution’s carbon INNOVATION and aeroplanes. fibre wheels are already being Australian company Carbon POTENTIAL used in growing volumes in Revolution has developed a Carbon Revolution is looking to high performance vehicles world-leading technology to capitalise on manufacturer interest manufactured by Ford in the USEFUL LINKS: tackle carbon emissions in light to extend the use to more affordable US. Carbon Revolution is aiming vehicles. It has developed the first models. The company is planning an carbonrev.com to expand its annual wheel mass-produced carbon fibre car initial public offering to raise as much cefc.com.au/media/files/clean-energy- production to over 100,000 wheel as an alternative to heavier as 100 million AUD in the near future, innovation-fund-helps-australian- by 2021. aluminium wheels, which are to expand the plant’s capacity to manufacturer-reinvent-the-wheel-for- used in approximately half of 250,000 wheels a year. After that, global-markets.aspx all cars globally. it will seek to expand into offshore

62 63 SECTION 04 TRANSPORTATION

CHALLENGE maritime transport. PILOT-E is a collaboration between different Hundreds of cruise-vessels visit Norwegian support systems to the famous Norwegian fjords fast-track through the stages of NORWAY every summer, causing air research from idea to market. It JP, SE, DE, KR pollution in the area. Emissions was inspired by the American could be considerably reduced if 02 programmes designed to address some of the cruise vessels could specific challenges, such as the FUTURE OF THE FJORDS stop closer to the coastline and Advanced Research Projects use zero emission vessels to show Agency and Defense Advanced tourists some of the UNESCO Research Projects Agency. world heritage areas. INNOVATION ACTION To increase the range of this type of Brødrene Aa built the world’s weight sensitive vessel, the battery first civilian passenger boat in technology needs to be improved, carbon fibre back in 2001. Now and a higher energy density is they have taken this a step further also needed. It is also important to by constructing an all-electric source a lower price battery. passenger vessel called Future of the Fjords. They combined a POTENTIAL low weight carbon fibre structure When Future of the Fjords can with the lightest lithium battery operate at 16 knots, with 400 technology, and an effective passengers for 2.5 hours, it will be propulsion line with controllable a real eye-opener in the market for pitch propellers, to deliver a zero emission vessels. Brødrene zero emission vessel. The vessel Aa has already received many also has a unique universal enquiries from all over the world design, giving tourists a special about the boat. experience of the scenery in the Norwegian Fjords. The project is part of the Norwegian Research Council’s USEFUL LINKS: PILOT-E programme, which braa.no is focused on emission-free ©Brødrene Aa

64 65 SECTION 04 SECTIONTRANSPORTATION 01 | ENERGY

04 ENERFY – THE FUTURE OF AUTO INSURANCE

Enerfy™ is an auto insurance The company is seeking $15 03 data platform that saves million to globally scale up sales © eSmart Systems CHARGEFLEX customers lives, produces fuel and marketing to meet the goal savings and reduces claims costs of 40 million drivers insured SWEDEN by 40% and CO2 emissions by within five years. 17% through changed behaviours. The World Wildlife Fund and By generating real-time ChargeFlex, an R&D project from This means that the end-users Swedish Energy Agency has risk reports on safety and eSmart Systems, developed can charge their EVs at home estimated that the Enerfy environmental performance software to better exploit the knowing that the electricity bill technology can contribute to a for auto insurers, it provides a NORWAY grid and increase the charging will not be higher than necessary. global reduction of CO2 emissions financial incentive for drivers capacity for electric vehicles The car charges when the price of over 100 million tons per year. (EVs). It provides analysis and is at its lowest. to be environmentally friendly. enables the control of energy The software has now been resources with the help of commercialised under the brand predictive algorithm to increase Connected Prosumer. capacity by 40%. By expanding the charging capacity without investing in the current infrastructure, electricity providers can put up more charging points and offer better charging opportunities.

66 67 SECTION 04 SECTIONTRANSPORTATION 01 | ENERGY

06 ADDÉNERGIE’S SMART INFRASTRUCTURE 05 FOR CHARGING NEW FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Used with permission from AddÉnergie Technologies Inc. MEMBRANE BEATS STATE-OF-THE-ART

TECHNOLOGY Canada’s AddÉnergie is To date, AddÉnergie has developing new and innovative deployed over 4,500 charging technologies that contribute to the stations and 3,500 residential growth of the country’s electric chargers, all connected to the CANADA Fuel cells can efficiently The innovative membrane vehicle charging infrastructure, central system. produce electricity with low or reduces stack costs by 20%, such as fast-charging stations, The project has led to better no emissions, with applications requires a 30% smaller cooling curbside stations for city streets market awareness, an increased GERMANY from zero-emission vehicles, to system, minimises cooling costs and residential chargers. understanding of needs and off-grid power generation and by almost 70%, and is more This infrastructure relies on expectations of drivers and portable power for electronic robust at high temperatures. The AddÉnergie’s Charging Station charging station owners, and devices. The project PSUMEA-2 PSUMEA-3 project will continue Network Management System, a a clarified business model for focussed on developing lower this promising research with the cloud-based management system operating charging stations. cost and more reliable alternative ultimate goals of scale-up and the that enables the company to membranes for PEM fuel cells and facilitation of market access. provide a highly reliable service PEM electrolysers, compared to across the network. the market-established Nafion membrane.

68 69 SECTION 5 BUILDINGS

03 EC 05 Sweden

Celcius City Ectogrid

01 UK 02 Japan 04 UK 06 Australia

Q-Bot Demonstration of positive Warming up to Affordable heating and energy building begins hydrogen cooling open data platform in Lyon

70 71 SECTION 05 BUILDINGS

It works by using a robotic loss through the floor. Q-Bot has channel. This in turn brings jobs and vehicle to insulate the underside been awarded the highly prized BBA upskills the workforce and can deliver the 01 of the floor with a polyurethane accreditation for the installation process service to the private market. foam developed and certified (British Board of Agrément Certificate Q-BOT Q-Bot is currently working with a number for this application. The robot Number 17/5440i1). of partners to bring the service to Europe is inserted under the floor and North America, and is developing a through an access hatch or POTENTIAL number of new solutions to improve the air vent, surveys the void and Q-Bot is currently rolling the service out CHALLENGE health of our buildings. The largest single contributor to condition of the floor, if suitable in the UK with social housing providers. the UK’s CO2 emissions is space sprays an expanding insulation By working with local authorities and UK foam, and finally records the housing associations, Q-Bot can quickly USEFUL LINKS: FR, EU heating of homes, accounting for 60% of domestic energy use. install to verify the area and create a critical mass in each region Q-Bot website: q-bot.co/news The vast majority of older, hard- depth of insulation applied. that underpins the creation of a delivery to-heat homes have suspended Applying the insulation in situ floors which let cold air, dust allows it to expand and fit the and mould in from the void shape of the floor, leaving no below, creating cold draughts gaps for draughts to enter and uneven temperatures. the property and reducing Recent studies demonstrate the risk of damp and mould – that uninsulated timber floors meaning far better results for can contribute as much as one the building and occupants. quarter of the total heat loss and a third of the draughts for the ACTION whole building. Without retrofit Q-Bot’s solution is cheaper, of existing buildings and the performs better and has none insulation of suspended timber of the hassle and disruption of floors, it will be almost impossible traditional methods. Independent to meet targets set by the UK’s studies have shown that the Climate Change Act 2008. insulation resulted in a significant improvement in thermal comfort INNOVATION with less cold draughts and Q-Bot has developed the uneven temperatures. The first affordable solution for results show on average a 33% retrofitting insulation to improvement in airtightness ©Q-Bot Ltd suspended timber floors. and an 80% reduction in heat

72 73 SECTION 05 BUILDINGS

02 DEMONSTRATION OF POSITIVE ENERGY BUILDING BEGINS IN LYON

CHALLENGE This is in partnership with Japanese government agency Energy demand and greenhouse New Energy and Industrial gas emissions from global JAPAN Technology Development buildings will reach 40% of total FR Organization (NEDO) and Grand demand in 2050, according to ©NEDO Lyon, France. the International Energy Agency’s Energy Technology Perspectives HIKARI is a 12,500-m2 complex (2016). As zero energy housing of three mixed-use buildings ACTION USEFUL LINKS: technology can greatly cut down containing offices, shops and Energy consumption has been carbon dioxide emissions, France apartments. Three positive reduced by 15% or more than the nedo.go.jp/content/100871965.pdf has set the goal of making all new energy building features of HIKARI calculated amount at the basic design bouygues-immobilier-corporate. public buildings constructed as include bioclimatic architectural phase. HIKARI has been verified as a com/en/press-release/greater-lyon- ‘positive energy’ buildings. design, the ability to produce positive energy building. The next step inaugurates-hikari-first-positive- energy on-site and pooled energy is to make it economically feasible. INNOVATION energy-mixed-use-development- resources and data analysis. france As part of a demonstration They use photovoltaic (PV) power POTENTIAL conducted in Lyon, France, generation (including a see- There is huge potential for this project eu-smartcities.eu/sites/default/ Toshiba and Bouygues have through PV façade on the MINAMI as buildings remain the most widespread, files/2017-09/1.%20Positive%20 constructed the positive energy building), storage batteries, and also the most overlooked, target for Energy%20Blocks%20for%20 complex HIKARI (meaning ‘light’), and heat storage materials that rational energy management. NEDO is Small%20%26%20Medium%20 which generates more energy than are controlled by an energy aiming to disseminate the results of Sized%20Cities_0.pdf it consumes by using a range of management system. the demonstration widely in other cutting edge technology. cities and countries.

74 75 SECTION 05 BUILDINGS

buildings in the appropriate high density adopted and adapted to the specific 03 areas of the city. These systems make needs of any city. use of a range of excess heat sources all In terms of reducing harmful emissions, CELSIUS CITY created within the city during the course the EU estimated that district heating of an average operational day. has the potential of saving an extra 400 POTENTIAL million tons of CO2 each year. Celsius City and its smart district CHALLENGE Instead, any heat source can heating technologies promote transfer be connected to the network Buildings account for almost a of information, knowledge and expertise USEFUL LINKS: by identifying waste heat and third of total energy consumption to cities across Europe, creating a EC devising ways to capture and Project website: celsiuscity.eu globally, with space heating and model that can be exported, SE, DE, UK, integrate this heat into a city’s NL, IT cooling and the provision of water local district heating system. accounting for approximately half of this consumption. Waste The project is funded by the EU heat produced in the EU could with about €14 million under the be enough to heat its entire EU FP7 programme to provide building stock, but heat recovery smarter, more efficient heating processes are often challenging, and cooling systems to cities and there is no sufficient across the EU. distribution network to move the energy from where it is produced ACTION to where it is needed. Celsius City currently provides new integrated technology INNOVATION solutions to develop smart district Celsius City is an innovative city- heating and cooling systems to 67 based project making building European cities. heating and cooling systems It creates better heating systems more sustainable and efficient. It for cities to facilitate a more has developed a new approach efficient transfer of heat from using a network of insulated pipes point of production to storage that distribute heat or cold using and point of use. The project hot water, steam or cold water, established an intelligent heating meaning individual homes do not system, covering virtually all the need to generate their own households and commercial heat on-site.

76 77 SECTION 05 SECTION 01BUILDINGS | ENERGY

04 WARMING UP TO HYDROGEN

Over 35% of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from the use of natural gas for heating and cooking in homes and businesses. UK The UK Government is funding a £25 million programme, known as Hy4Heat, to explore whether hydrogen could replace natural gas and enable reuse of the existing gas network to deliver low carbon energy. This programme will focus on overcoming two of the biggest challenges with hydrogen: safety issues associated with its use in buildings, and development of appliances to burn hydrogen. It will involve creating new gas standards for the safe use of hydrogen. Manufacturers will be appointed to develop hydrogen boilers, cookers and fires for test and demonstration, and preparations will be made for a community trial.

78 79 SECTION 05 SECTION 01BUILDINGS | ENERGY

06 AFFORDABLE HEATING AND 05 COOLING OPEN ECTOGRID DATA PLATFORM

ectogrid™ is a 5th generation By connecting buildings with As a result of the MI IC#7 It will accelerate industry district heating system that different needs and balancing the ‘Affordable Heating and Cooling’ growth by attracting innovators enables the efficient use of energy between them, only one workshop, an international and start-ups, and used to run SWEDEN heating and cooling, integrated thermal grid is needed that serves consortium of industry and hackathons and grand challenges. AUSTRALIA with electricity generation. several purposes – thermal researchers will develop an Where appropriate, data will be CA, NL, US, MX, NZ, IL ectogrid™ takes the best distribution for both heating open data platform to reduce the accessible to define new global characteristics from heat pumps and cooling as well as storage energy wastage (up to 30%) from and national benchmarks or and cooling machines and and flexibility. E.on intends to poorly maintained, degraded indices, and inform jurisdictional combines them with the best build a demonstration system in and improperly controlled air- policy on codes, standards characteristics from energy cooperation with Medicon Village, conditioning equipment. and ratings. distribution grids (electrical, Peab and Qvantum and to verify The platform will provide energy Rapid implementation will thermal and gas). the system together with Lund efficiency service providers be achieved by adapting a University of Technology. with access to low-cost, high- leading building industry controls quality data from buildings and software platform, provided USEFUL LINKS: infrastructure, to enable heating, by Switch Automation, and a ectogrid.com ventilation, and air conditioning business model developed for software-as-a-solution services. the platform to become financially self-sustaining.

80 81 SECTION 6 INDUSTRY

01 Canada 03 Sweden 05 EC 07 Germany

Shell Canada’s Quest carbon Climeon - Dependable. H2Future Carbon2Chem capture and storage facility renewable, clean electricity

02 India 04 Australia 06 Sweden 08 Norway

Methane carbon capture in Integrating Solar Thermal HYBRIT, hydrogen breakthrough Full scale carbon capture everyday value-added products for minerals processing for ironmaking technology at Norcem Brevik - String Bio PVT LTD

82 83 SECTION 06 INDUSTRY

01 SHELL CANADA’S QUEST CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE FACILITY

CHALLENGE scale, fully integrated CCUS project located near Edmonton, Carbon capture, use and Alberta, Canada. This is the first storage (CCUS) is a low-carbon CANADA commercial-scale project of this technology necessary to reduce nature to tackle carbon emissions carbon dioxide emissions from in the oil sands. fossil-fired power plants, and a key option for deep CO2 emission The Quest facility captures and reductions from refineries, the stores up to 1.2 million tonnes chemical sector, and cement of CO2 per year from a bitumen Used with permission from Shell and steel production. The upgrading unit, the Scotford International Energy Agency has upgrader. The captured CO2 is highlighted the role of CCUS then transported via pipeline and Quest illustrates an effective public- Oil Recovery (EOR), fertiliser production, in reducing future temperature stored in a deep saline aquifer in private partnership, with private sector and concrete curing. Quest’s success can increases to 2°C in the period the Western Sedimentary Basin. investment by Shell and joint venture help demonstrate that CCUS is feasible to 2060, in a cost-effective owners, and jointly funded by Canada’s and cost-effective, supporting broaden manner. The Intergovernmental ACTION federal government, with $120M provided its uptake globally by serving as a model Panel on Climate Change’s The project began commercial by Natural Resources Canada, and by the for advancing and deploying CCUS in a Fifth Assessment Report operations in November 2015 provincial government of Alberta, which variety of industrial operations. states that without widespread and, as of March 2018, has provided $745 million. captured and stored 2.7 million implementation of CCUS, the POTENTIAL world is unlikely to reach its tonnes of CO2 – approximately USEFUL LINKS: Given Quest’s success, future CCUS desired 2°C scenario. the equivalent of 22 years of energy.alberta.ca/AU/CCS/CCSPA/ opportunities from Shell-operated electricity emissions from the Pages/default.aspx INNOVATION City of Vancouver. Direct facilities in Alberta are being Shell Canada, on behalf of the emissions from the Scotford investigated, including consideration of Shell Canada: tinyurl.com/ybnt6v5q Athabasca Oil Sands Project, upgrader are now being reduced utilisation options such as CO2-Enhanced has developed Quest, a large- by as much as 35%.

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INNOVATION 02 The proprietary platform of the String Integrated Methane METHANE CARBON Platform project exploits CAPTURE IN EVERYDAY advances in synthetic biology, fermentation technology, VALUE ADDED chemistry and process PRODUCTS - STRING engineering. BIO PVT LTD One of the critical components of this platform is the gas conversion technology that this project has developed, with its first product to market being a protein, String Pro, CHALLENGE made from methane. Conversion Methane is the second most of methane to protein is a process source that is cost effective and can damaging greenhouse gas that takes place naturally in lakes ACTION INDIA address the growing worldwide protein produced by human activity. and ponds. Using advances The technology behind String Pro demand by using a vented or flared Though methane’s lifetime in the in biology and engineering, provides a biological route for conversion resource as the input carbon. atmosphere is shorter than that this conversion has been of methane to value added products and, of carbon dioxide, it is more industrialised. It can be leveraged as a second step, allows for working with The project is currently being validated efficient at trapping radiation. for the manufacture of chemicals, small to medium volumes of natural gas. at pilot scale and is seeking finance, Methane has 25 times greater food and feed ingredients from manufacturing capacity, and land to scale POTENTIAL impact on climate change than methane. the technology to commercial production. CO2 over a 100 year period. An The project scope can be further Biological conversion of methane economical and sustainable widened when adapted for other can occur at ambient temperature technology to enable methane geographies as well as alternate sources and pressure and has advantages USEFUL LINKS: conversion to value added of methane. Converting methane into such as no risk of catalyst youtu.be/NQ7LEROhB0s products will help harness protein creates a sustainable protein poisoning, low operating costs methane for productive use. and higher specificity.

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03 CLIMEON – DEPENDABLE, RENEWABLE, CLEAN ELECTRICITY

CHALLENGE ACTION Low temperature waste heat is an Climeon’s Heat Power system untapped source of energy that generates electricity below SWEDEN is equal to over half the world’s 250F and is a physically energy output. compact, plug-and-play modular system, which comes with a high INNOVATION return on investment and a Climeon provides a technology short payback time. that uses the energy in waste heat from industries and low POTENTIAL temperature geothermal heat The technology makes low to generate electricity, creating temperature geothermal plants so called heat power. economically viable and allows waste heat from ship engines Heat power is a 100% renewable to steel plants to be used to baseload, meaning it produces generate renewable energy. an even flow of electricity irrespective of the weather or the time of day. USEFUL LINKS: Project website: climeon.com ©Climeon

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05 04 H2FUTURE INTEGRATING SOLAR THERMAL Steel manufacturing is one of the green hydrogen for industrial largest sources of CO2 emissions. use, which will be fed directly into FOR MINERALS Cutting these is necessary to Voestalpine’s internal gas network achieve the goals set at the for testing in various process EC PROCESSING United Nations Climate Change stages of steel production. Conference (COP21) in 2015. The EU backed project where The €18 million H2Future, Voestalpine, Siemens and Alumina refining in Australia is the Australian Government a Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Austrian utility Verbund join energy-intensive and reliant on though the Australian Renewable Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) forces, represents the type of natural gas. A project looking Energy Agency. The University project, is one of the first to unique public private cooperation AUSTRALIA at using concentrated solar of Adelaide, CSIRO and the explore harnessing the power that is needed to address the thermal technologies such as University of New South Wales of renewable hydrogen to complexity of curbing industrial low-temperature digestion, solar are contributing over 600,000 decarbonise steelmaking. An CO2 emissions. By supporting reforming of natural gas, and high- AUD in cash and 8.7 million AUD innovative electrolysis pilot research, technological temperature calcination could of in-kind resources, further plant will be constructed at the development and demonstration lead to a 50% reduction of the supported by 620,000 AUD of Voestalpine production site, in fuel cell and hydrogen natural gas consumed and may be in-kind contributions from industry currently one of Austria’s biggest technologies, the FCH JU aims to applicable in other industries. The partners including Alcoa of greenhouse gas emitters. One accelerate market introduction in 15.1 million AUD project, led by the Australia Limited, IT Power, of the largest and most modern order to realise the technologies’ University of Adelaide, includes and Hatch. electrolysers using Proton full potential for achieving a 4.5 million AUD in funding from Exchange Membrane technology carbon-lean energy system will be deployed to produce across multiple sectors.

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07 CARBON2CHEM 08 FULL SCALE 06 CARBON HYBRIT, HYDROGEN GERMANY CAPTURE AT ©Norcem/Heidelberg Group BREAKTHROUGH The Carbon2Chem project of the NORCEM BREVIK FOR IRONMAKING Federal Ministry of Education and Research is exploring the utilisation of TECHNOLOGY smelter gases from steel production The cement industry is a A full-scale capture at Norcem and hydrogen produced using surplus major source of industrial CO2 Brevik would be the first of its kind electricity from renewable energy emissions, contributing 5-6% of globally for cement production. sources to create valuable primary global anthropogenic greenhouse It would achieve improved levels NORWAY products, such as fuels, plastics or gas emissions. Norcem AS, of carbon emission from cement fertilisers. The Carbon2Chem approach with its parent company installations, along with a new is expected to make 20 million tons of SWEDEN Heidelberg Cement Group and environmental standard for the German steel industry’s annual CO2 the European Cement Research cement production in Europe. emissions economically exploitable. The HYBRIT project, supported by Academy, is exploring various the Swedish Energy Agency, aims to Carbon2Chem will answer central post-combustion CO2 capture reduce carbon dioxide emissions from questions of the energy transition technologies at small-scale ironmaking to zero by using hydrogen concerning the storage of electrical to determine their suitability produced from “clean” electricity to energy and the stabilization of the for deployment in modern eliminate the need to use fossil fuels for electrical grid and build a bridge cement kiln systems. iron ore reduction. The project, led by between basic research and the market. Swedish companies SSAB, LKAB and BMBF is providng more than €60 million Vattenfall, started in 2016 with a pre- funding for the project with partners feasibility study. A pilot demonstration involved expected to invest more than plant is planned for 2018. €100 million by 2025.

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01 Sweden 02 UK 03 Australia 04 Australia

India-Sweden Leveraging crowd investors Innovative peer-to-peer Australian Clean Energy Innovations Accelerator to deliver affordable solar green lending platform Seed Fund energy access for families in Sub-Saharan Africa

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01 INDIA-SWEDEN INNOVATIONS ACCELERATOR

CHALLENGE Industries – Green Business Centre are programme partners. There was a desire to introduce The innovation of the project lies innovative technologies and SWEDEN in its approach to collaboration solutions from Sweden to Indian IN between two countries: initiated counterparts for joint adaptation by the Swedish Energy Agency, in both countries. in partnership with business INNOVATION associations in both Sweden The Sweden-India Innovations and India. TVS company based in Chennai using food waste for biogas generation and the gas is used for cooking Accelerator (ISIA) is an initiative ACTION with the purpose to bridge Since 2015 the programme has innovations and entrepreneurship developed as one of the most In March 2018 Swedish company Aili nine companies will join. During the between India and Sweden. ISIA important tools for collaboration Innovation collaborated with the Indian same time period, tenfold as many Indian has developed several new clean between small, medium and company Tata Thrust to develop highly counterparts have contributed. Around energy technologies, including large sized companies from efficient solar driven water pumps for 50% of the Swedish companies that solar powered water pumps to both countries, in the fields of small scale farmers in India, based on a have gone through the programme are bring water and energy to rural technology for new, renewable, new invention from Sweden. Replacing still active in India with various projects India, and the repurposing of efficient energy. diesel pumps, the solar pump system spanning from pilot installations to the material used to make provides water for irrigation and power commercial partnerships. airbags to create fabric based ISIA consists of several for lighting and the charging of smaller biogas reactors. collaborative projects, for devices like cell phones or fans. example using the material ISIA was initiated in 2012 by developed for airbags, FOV POTENTIAL the Swedish Energy Agency as USEFUL LINKS: Biogas has developed cost- a central pillar of the bilateral In 2017 more than 330 Swedish Project website: effective fabric based biogas work in India. Business Sweden companies participated in the innovationsaccelerator.com reactors. and Confederation of Indian programme, and during 2018 another

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more experienced investors, clean energy in Kenya, Uganda, perceived risk to individual investors 02 in pioneering businesses that Mozambique and Tanzania. considering investing in Africa. Energise install life-changing solar systems Africa is also looking to build further By crowdfunding investments from LEVERAGING in Sub-Saharan Africa homes. awareness amongst a younger and more UK-based retail impact investors at This platform allows businesses diverse investor base of the important CROWD INVESTORS scale, Energise Africa is helping to to extend ‘pay-as-you-go’ credit role impact investing plays in supporting enable solar companies on the ground in to low income households, renewable energy access. TO DELIVER Africa to grow and expand their scope, so they can afford to pay for AFFORDABLE SOLAR providing a long-term, sustainable way solar energy systems in small of improving clean energy access. ENERGY ACCESS FOR instalments over time. USEFUL LINKS: The innovation lies in applying POTENTIAL FAMILIES IN SUB- Further information: lendahand.co.uk lessons from the growth of Energise Africa is an evolving initiative SAHARAN AFRICA alternative finance in Europe which would benefit from further match Energise Africa video: youtu.be/ to the needs of early stage funding, first loss cover and electronic WRXUoUo-Xzk businesses in the energy access vouchers to continue to lower the sector and matching these with CHALLENGE the evolving needs of investors who want to generate a social, ©Lendahand Ethex Current levels of investment have environmental and financial put Africa far behind schedule UK return with their money. The in achieving the United Nations TZ, KE, UG, MZ web-based operation enables Sustainable Development Goal Lendahand Ethex (the two partner 7 to deliver universal access to organisations behind Energise affordable, reliable, sustainable Africa) to contain overheads whilst and modern energy by 2030. rapidly scaling, which translates Businesses installing solar home into lower costs to the borrower systems are in urgent need of low and attractive rates for lenders. interest rates of working capital, in order to provide rural families with ACTION the low-cost financing plans they Since the launch of Energise need to afford these systems. Africa in August 2017, it has raised £3.4 million from 650 investors, INNOVATION providing investment to enable Energise Africa uses fintech 25,000 families and 125,000 to facilitate investments from people to access affordable individual investors, as well as

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It is an online platform, which brings ACTION together investors, borrowers and 20 million AUD funding has been clean energy product providers with provided by the Australian Government, a shared interest in low emissions, 03 through the Clean Energy Finance energy efficiency and renewable energy Corporation to develop the platform. The projects, to conclude deals that benefit INNOVATIVE platform will increase the flow of finance both parties. PEER-TO-PEER into the clean energy sector through It allows investors to lend directly to RateSetter’s retail lender base, which will GREEN LENDING creditworthy borrowers looking to buy now have access to borrowers via the PLATFORM or install an approved “green” product. peer-to-peer loan product. Investors can specify the amount they wish to invest and the interest rate they POTENTIAL are prepared to accept. Their request The facility creates an opportunity for can then be matched to approved retail investors to have access to a CHALLENGE INNOVATION borrowers who seek finance to invest regulated “green” loan product for the Scaling-up investment in Australia’s first peer-to-peer green in eligible clean energy assets such first time in the Australian market and renewable electricity is critical lending platform, RateSetter’s as solar panels and inverters for may establish a precedent for the rollout AUSTRALIA for reducing greenhouse gas Green Loan marketplace, makes rooftop installation or energy efficient of similar investment platforms. emissions from the power it easier for investors, borrowers and low emission equipment such sector. Despite increasing and clean energy providers to do as power factor correction, voltage cost-competitiveness of the business in the clean energy field optimisation or LED lighting. USEFUL LINKS: technologies, policy and market by reducing market fragmentation. cefc.com.au/media/files/cefc-commits- fragmentation is hampering the 20-million-to-australian-first-peer-to- financing of such projects. peer-green-lending-platform/

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04 AUSTRALIAN CLEAN ENERGY SEED FUND

The Australian Clean Energy Hostplus and Future Super. Over Seed Fund launched in 2016 with a four to five-year period the the aim of increasing the supply fund will invest at seed, angel AUSTRALIA of clean energy start-ups in and later stages of development Australia through venture capital in up to 50 start-ups across a support. It seeks to encourage range of technologies, such co-investment from a wide range as: energy storage; demand of investors. management; biofuels and energy from waste; renewable The fund gained a 10 million AUD energy, and technologies that cornerstone commitment from the exploit the Internet of Things. Australian Government’s Clean Energy Innovation Fund in 2016, and a further 16 million AUD from Australian Ethical Investment,

102 Mission Innovation www.mission-innovation.net