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In a Roman legioncenturies were grouped into cohorts commanded by their senior-most centurion. The prestigious 1st cohort was led by the primus pilusthe most senior centurion in the legion and its third-in-command. A centurion's symbol of office was the vine staffwith which they disciplined even Roman citizenswho were otherwise legally protected from corporal punishment by the Porcian Laws. Centurions also served in the Roman navy. The centuries centuriae commanded by the centurion theoretically derive from centum "hundred", "company", or "tribe"The Centurions but that connection is now disputed. In the Roman infantry, the centurions commanded a centuria or "century". During the Mid Republic these centuries were grouped in pairs to make up a manipleeach century consisting on 30 - 60 men. Later, generals and emperors further manipulated these numbers with double and half-strength units. Julius Caesarfor instance, made the first cohort of 5 double strength centuries. Centurions received a much higher rate of pay than the average legionary. During the Imperial era, centurions gradually rose in seniority in their cohort, commanding centuries with higher precedence, until The Centurions the senior century and therefore the whole cohort. The best centurions were then promoted to the First Cohort, called Primi Ordinescommanding one of the ten centuries and also taking on a staff role. The most senior centurion of the legion was the Primus Pilus who commanded The Centurions first century. All centurions, however senior, had their own allocated century. There was little difference between the ranks of centurions except for the Primus Piluswho also participated in war councils. Only eight officers in a fully officered legion outranked the Primus Pilus : the legate legatus legioniscommanding The Centurions legion; the senior tribune tribunus laticlaviussecond-in-command of the The Centurions the Camp Prefect praefectus castrorum ; and the five other tribunes tribuni angusticlavii who served as senior staff officers to the legate with a rank roughly equivalent The Centurions a modern Colonel. Comparisons between the centurion grades and modern officer ranks can lead to many incorrect assumptions. Centurions could be elected, appointed by the Senate, or promoted from the ranks for a variety of reasons. Historians cite examples of them being the first over the enemy's wall or through the breach. Centurions were held personally responsible for the training and discipline of The Centurions legionaries under their command, and they had a reputation for dealing out harsh punishment. Unlike legionaries, the Roman Centurions carried their swords on their left The Centurions as a sign of distinction [12] The Centurions carried the pugio dagger on the right, as the sidearm. Centurions often had important social status and held powerful positions in society. They seem to have The Centurions their status according to their rank. Each century The Centurions a precedence within the cohort. Centurions' seniority within the cohort and legion depended on the position within the legion of the century they were in charge of, which often took their name from their centurion. Centurions began by leading junior centuries before being promoted to leading a more senior one. Promotion usually came with experience, or at least length of service, but many still never made it as far as leading The Centurions 1st cohort. Yet for centurions who showed, say, particularly conspicuous bravery The Centurions battle, there was the opportunity to be promoted several grades at once. For example, Julius Caesar's reward for a centurion who had greatly pleased him was to advance him eight grades. Promotion through the various grades often meant transferring to another legion. The precedence during the times of the manipular legion, commanding sixty men, was organized like this:. There were five centuries in the first cohort, each century with twice the number of soldiers of a normal century. All first-cohort centurions outranked all centurions from other cohorts. Centurions had to be literate to be able to read written ordershave connections letters of recommendationbe at least 30 years of age, and have already served a few years in The Centurions military. They also have had to be The Centurions to boost their The Centurions morale. The centurion in the infantry is chosen for his size, strength and dexterity in throwing his missile weapons and for his skill in the use of his sword and shield; in short for his expertness in all the exercises. He is to be vigilant, temperate, active and readier to execute the orders he receives than to talk; Strict in exercising and keeping up The Centurions discipline among his soldiers, in obliging them to appear clean and well-dressed and to have their weapons constantly rubbed and bright. Matthew's Gospel and Luke's Gospel [17] relate an incident in which a servant The Centurions a centurion based in Capernaum was ill. In the Gospel of Luke, the centurion concerned had a good relationship The Centurions the elders of the local Jewish population and had funded the development of the The Centurions in Capernaum, and when he heard that Jesus was in the locality, he asked the Jewish elders to request healing for his servant. In the Gospel of Matthew, the centurion makes direct contact with Jesus. The stories report that Jesus marvelled at his faith and restored his servant to health. The Book of Acts [18] tells of a centurion named Cornelius whose righteous and generous acts find favour with God. The apostle Simon Peter is told in a vision to visit Cornelius, a Gentilewith whom association was not permitted under Jewish law. The encounter leads Simon Peter to understand that God accepts non-Jews who believe in The Centurions and repent. After this revelation, the message of Jesus was evangelized to the Gentiles. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about The Centurions Roman army officer. For other uses, see Centurion disambiguation. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. De Re Militari[16] II, Ancient Rome portal War portal. Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 3 September Johnson, Jr. Graham Shipley. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved Kavin Rowe. Archived from the The Centurions on Authority control GND : Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title Articles needing additional references from The Centurions All articles needing additional references Articles containing Latin-language text Articles containing Ancient Greek to -language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable The Centurions from August Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. GND : Centurion - Wikipedia

Centurionthe principal professional officer in the armies of ancient Rome and its empire. The centurion was the commander of a centuria, which was the smallest unit of a Roman legion. A legion was nominally composed of 6, soldiers, and each legion was divided up into 10 cohorts, with each cohort containing 6 centuria. The centurion thus nominally commanded about men, and there were 60 centurions in a legion. The centurions in a legion were The Centurions in a complicated order of rank, with variations in authority and responsibility from top to bottom. There was little actual difference in status between most of these centurion ranks, however, with the exception of the first-ranking centurion of the first-ranking cohort; this officer, the primus pilus, participated The Centurions councils The Centurions war with the military tribunes and the legion commander. Most centurions were of plebeian origin and were promoted from the ranks of the common soldiers. They formed the backbone of the legion and were responsible for enforcing discipline. They received much higher pay and a greater share of the spoils than did common soldiers. Centurion Article Additional Info. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have The Centurions to improve The Centurions article requires login. External Websites. The Catholic Encyclopedia - Centurion. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on The Centurions content or via study for an advanced degree See Article History. Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. In the auxiliaries the unit commanders praefecti were equites, often of provincial birth. On retirement the soldiers…. Legiona The Centurions organization, originally the largest permanent organization The Centurions the armies of ancient Rome. The term legion also denotes the military system by which imperial Rome conquered and ruled the ancient world. The expanding early Roman Republic found the Greek The Centurions formation too unwieldy for fragmented fighting in the hills…. Army, a large organized force armed and trained for war, especially on land. Throughout history, the character and organization of…. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Dayevery day in your inbox! Email address. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.