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Biotechnology Applicable to Animal Production and Health in Asia

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Biotechnology Applicable to Animal Production and Health in Asia BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH IN ASIA Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Biotechnology in Animal Production and Health in Asia Bangkok, Thailand, 17-21October1988 Kasetsart University Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Bangkok, Thailand Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 Il. RECOMMENDATIONS 3 A. General Recommendations 3 B. Biotechnology in Animal Production 5 1. Embryo transfer (ET) and manipulation 6 2. Open nucleus breeding systems (ONBS) 6 3. Animal feeding and ruminant nutrition 7 4. Production related hormones 7 5. Immunology ofreproduction 8 6. Genetic engineering applied to farm animals 9 C. Biotechnology in Animal Health 9 1. Diagnostic Methods 9 2. Vaccine Production 10 D. FAO/UNDP Regional Project 11 Ill. ANNEXES 13 ANNEX A List of participants 15 ANNEX B Programme 21 ANNEX C Teclmical Papers Presented 25 1. Opening Statement H.A. Jasiorowski 27 OVERALL REVIEW 2. Application of Recombinant DNA K.S. Guise 32 Techniques in Animal Improvement 3. Review of Development of Biotechnology T.K. Mukherjee 53 in Animal ProduGtion and Health in Asia NUTRITION AND FEED RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 4. Breeding and Biotechnology for R.B. Singh 69 Improvement of Livestock Feeds 5. Application of Biotechnology in I. F. Dalmacio 82 Improvement of Fibrous Crop Residues 6. Application of Biotechnology in Y.W. Ho et al . 93 Improvement of Fibrous Crop Residues: Anaerobic Rumen Fungi in the Utilisation of Fibrous Crop Residues as Feed Resource for Ruminant 7. Potential of Biotechnology in Animal C. Natarajan 97 Production and Health in India 8. Present Status of the Use of Genetically T.K. Mukherjee 101 Engineered Growth Hormones, and growth hormone gene in animals BREEDING/GENETICS/REPRODUCTION 9. Genetic Improvement of Livestock J. Hodges 116 in Developing Countries Using Open Nucleus Breeding System 10. Potential of Multiple Ovulation and P.N. Bhat 125 Embryo Transfer Technologies in Developing Countries in Asia 11. Embryo Transfer Technology in Cattle: M. Anwar et al . 145 Experience in Pakistan 12. Embryo Transfer Technology in Cattle: S. Singhajan et al. 149 Experiences in Thailand 13. Embryo Transfer Technology in Pigs: P. Chantaraprateep 153 Experiences in Thailand 14. Superovulation and Embryo Transfer W. Sharifuddin et al . 158 in Goats: The Malaysian Experience VACCINE PRODUCTION AND DISEASE DIAGNOSIS 15. Genetically Engineered Vaccines for K. Y amanouchi 163 Animal Disease - Present Status 16. Biotechnology in Animal Disease B.W~J. Mahy et al. 167 Diagnosis in Developing Countries: New Types of Diagnostic Methods, 17. DraftFAO/UNDPProject B.K. Soni 182 ANNEX D Country Reports Presented 193 1. China, People's Republic of Wang Ruixiang 195 2. India P.N. Bhat 197 3. Indonesia G. Gunawan 210 4. Korea, Republic of K. S. Im 218 5. Malaysia (presented by W. Sharifuddin) T.K. Mukherjee 221 6. Pakistan M. Anwar et al. 235 7. Thailand C. Satayapunt 237 1 A Regional Workshop on Biotechnology in Animal Production and Health in Asia was held from 17 to 21 October 1988 at the PAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand. It was organized jointly by the F AO and the Kasetsart University, Thailand. Mr. S.S. Puri, F AO Assistant Director General and Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific, in his opening address, said that more research in this highly promising and relatively new field should be carried out by the developing nations of this Region. Since problems of developing countries are very different from those of developed nations, sharing of high technology is becoming progressively difficult. Biotechnology as applied to livestock development of this Region can only be undertaken in this Region. He cited the case of the water buffalo as being particularly pertinent. The ubiquitous water buffalo is widely used throughout the Region as a draught animal for farm labour and as a source of meat and milk. It is, therefore, quite logical that scientists in the Region must take the lead in all aspects of biotechnology that relate to the required research improvement of livestock in the Region. Dr. H.A. Jasiorowski, DirectoroftheFAO Animal Production and Health Division told the Workshop participants that the improvement of livestock nutrition was another area where much work needs to be done within the Region. Without better nutrition for its livestock, Dr. Jasiorowski said, the production of adequate supplies of high-quality protein for the Region's population, which makes up 56 percent of the entire human race will continue to lag behind. He added that the advanced technology is available to do this work relatively quickly, at least in comparison to past decades, but scientists of the Region must work together in a network and take necessary leap forward and share the labour to reach an achievable target. Dr. S utham Areekul, Rec tor of the Kase ts art University, while addressing the Workshop, outlined the advantages of biotechnological research in developing countries. He identified genetic engineering and embryo transfer as major areas of thrust for developing countries. Another area of the thrust he identified was animal vaccines and diagnostics. He said embryo transfer and associated technologies were key to buffalo development. He cautioned the Workshop that while genetic engineering looked exciting and promising from the point of view of benefits, it also could do a lot of damage to environment and therefore it was imperative that researchers kept this in mind. The safeguard which are neededin undertaking genetic engineering work with bacteria and viruses must be enforced. The experiments should be so designed that facilities where such experiments are being done should be safe enough that there is no release of genetically engineered organisms in the environment and no problem addeq to already difficult situation for the ecology of the Region. 2 He welcomed the delegates from the countries abroad and hoped that they would have a very enjoyable Workshop. He hoped they would come up with specific recommendations which could be taken up in the institutions of the Region for the benefit of the poorest of the poor. He ·declared the Workshop opened. There were 19 invited experts from 10 countries. Their names and addresses, as well as those of the Organizing Committee, F AO Staff and Observers are given as Appendix 1 of this paper. The primary purpose of the Workshop was to enable selected experts in biotechnology applied to animal production and health from 8 Asian countries to consult and discuss current issues and to formulate a workplan for a Regional Network linking national institutes in the participating countries which are involved in biotechnology research and development. Biotechnology applied to animal production and health includes the topics of Breeding and Genetics, Reproduction, Nutrition, Lactation, Growth, Disease Diagnosis and Vaccine Production. Specifically, the Workshop : a) Reviewed the national capabilities for biotechnology applied to animal production and health. b) Reviewed the foreseen areas of biotechnology which are having or are likely to have an impact on the future development of animal production and health in the developing countries of Asia. c) Identified the specific topics of animal production and health in the countries of Asia which merit biotechnology research and development in the immediate, medium-term and long-term. d) Identified the special strengths of individual institutes engaged in biotechnology research applied to animal production and health. e) Formulated recommendations for institutionalized linkages of research for the de­ velopment of biotechnology for improving animal production and health in the Region. f) Drew up a 3-year workplan for a network which incorporates Technical Cooperation between Developing Countries in the areas ofresearch.projects, training, communica­ tions, equipment and pilot projects for application in practice. The Workshop discussed seventeen (17) technical papers on 4 major thrust areas of biotechnology : (a) Genetic Engineering for vaccine and diagnostic agent production. (b) Augmentation of feed resources through engineered micro-organism on different substrates. (c) Augmentation offertility - genetic improvement oflivestock through Multiple Ovula­ tion Embryo Transfer (MOET). (d) Genetic engineering for animal improvement and seven (7) country reports on status of biotechnology research in the Region. Recommendations were presented by individual experts, evaluating the need for further development of the biotechnology in livestock 3 production and health in Asian and Pacific Region. The Workshop adopted the following recommendations addressed to FAO Member Countries as well as to F AO : IL Recommendation A) General Recommendations It is recommended ToFAO 1. That in order to create conditions for sustained growth of research, development and large scale application of biotechnologies in the Region; it is necessary to improve research cooperation, coordination, planning, identification of priorities, training and exchange of informa­ tion. The Workshop recommended that a F AO network of collaborating centres in animal production and health biotechnology should be set up; 2. That following institutes should form the F AO network of collaborating centres in animal production and health biotechnology : India (i) Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, UP 24 3122 (ii) National Dairy Research Institute Kamal, Haryana Indonesia (i) Research Institute for Animal Production
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