Introduction to Mainframe Networking TCP/IP Problem Determination
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z/OS Basic Skills Information Center Networking on z/OS z/OS Basic Skills Information Center Networking on z/OS Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 251. This edition applies to z/OS (product number 5694-A01). We appreciate your comments about this publication. Comment on specific errors or omissions, accuracy, organization, subject matter, or completeness of this book. The comments you send should pertain to only the information in this manual or product and the way in which the information is presented. For technical questions and information about products and prices, please contact your IBM branch office, your IBM business partner, or your authorized remarketer. When you send comments to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute your comments in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. IBM or any other organizations will only use the personal information that you supply to contact you about the issues that you state on this form. Send your comments through this web site: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zoslnctr/v1r7/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.zcontact.doc/webqs.html © Copyright IBM Corporation 2006, 2010. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Before you begin the topic about Coupling channels ...........40 networking on z/OS .........vii Open Systems Adapter (OSA) .......40 HiperSockets ..............46 The I/O cage ..............48 Part 1. Introduction to networking on the mainframe...........1 Chapter 4. Sample network configuration ............49 Chapter 1. Mainframes and networks . 3 Requirements for a mainframe network .....49 Mainframes, networks, and you ........3 Example: the ZOS Company data center.....49 Networks and online systems.........4 Key mainframe network availability aspects . 52 Why are networks important? ........6 Hardware availability ..........53 Examples of mainframe-based networks .....6 Software availability ..........54 Technology choices abound in network technology 7 Who supports the network? .........8 Part 2. TCP/IP implementation on What are the basic elements of a network? ....9 Overview of mainframe network capabilities . 9 the mainframe ...........55 z/OS Communications Server .......11 SNA and TCP/IP on z/OS ........12 Chapter 5. TCP/IP on z/OS ......57 Security in a network ...........13 The TCP/IP daemon ...........57 Data protection in a mainframe network....13 The TCP/IP profile ............58 Availability of a mainframe network .....14 TCP/IP Profile statements ........59 The FTP server .............64 Chapter 2. Network layers and The telnet daemon ............67 protocols review ..........15 A good resolver is hard to find ........68 Networking terminology ..........15 How an application searches for resolver Network layers ............15 configuration information ........69 Physical media, layer 1 ..........16 The multi-stack environment .......72 Network interface card (NIC) .......16 TCP/IP clients .............72 Data link layer, layer 2 ..........17 Ethernet ..............17 Chapter 6. TCP/IP in a sysplex ....75 Media access control (MAC) addressing ....19 Computer cluster ............75 Network layer, layer 3 ...........19 The z/OS sysplex ............75 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) .....20 Cross-system Coupling Facility (XCF) ....76 Network types ............20 Workload Manager (WLM) ........76 Virtual LAN .............22 Dynamic virtual addressing .........77 Network routing............22 Unique application-instance DVIPA .....77 Routing tables and protocols .......24 Multiple application-instance DVIPA .....80 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and Dynamic cross-system coupling........81 other layer 3 protocols..........26 Sysplex distributor ............83 Transport layer, layer 4 ..........27 Sysplex distributor roles .........84 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) .....27 TCP/IP definitions for sysplex distributor . 85 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) .......29 How work can be distributed to the network . 90 Sockets ...............29 Problem detection and recovery in the cluster . 91 Network applications ...........29 The routing function in a sysplex .......91 Network security ............30 Network interface card .........94 Systems Network Architecture (SNA)......31 Part 3. SNA and SNA/IP Chapter 3. Hardware connectivity on implementation on the mainframe . 97 the mainframe ...........33 Channel subsystem (CSS)..........33 Chapter 7. Systems Network The mainframe channel subsystem and network links.................35 Architecture - basics and Hardware channels ............37 implementation ...........99 Channel command word (CCW) channels . 37 What is Systems Network Architecture (SNA)? . 99 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2006, 2010 iii The evolution of SNA ..........101 DLSw configuration ..........163 Subarea networking ...........102 Enterprise Extender ...........163 SNA nodes .............103 Why does Enterprise Extender use UDP System services control point (SSCP) ....105 packets? ..............166 Subareas and domains .........105 Class of service (CoS) and type of service (ToS) 167 Connecting subarea nodes ........106 EE implementation in non-z/OS remote sites 168 Architectural components of the SNA network . 108 Internet connectivity exploitation and Enterprise Path information unit (PIU).........111 Extender ..............169 How LU-LU sessions are initiated .....112 A comparison of Enterprise Extender and DLSw 169 Class of service (CoS)..........114 Enterprise Extender implementation......170 VTAM subarea definitions .........114 SNA/IP configuration examples .......172 VTAM start options ..........115 Enterprise Extender configuration .....173 VTAM configuration lists ........116 Extended border node configuration.....177 How VTAM resources are defined .....116 Cisco SNASw definitions ........178 Sift-down effect............118 Sample VTAM network .........118 Chapter 10. TN3270 Enhanced ....181 Introduction to the 3270 terminal .......181 Chapter 8. SNA Advanced 3270 data stream ...........182 Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) . 121 TN3270 Enhanced (TN3270E) ........184 Introduction to APPN ..........121 Telnet protocol and SNA meet.......184 Advanced Program-to Program TN3270E description ..........185 Communications (APPC) ........122 Additional TN3270E functions supported in Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) . 122 z/OS ...............186 APPC versus APPN ..........122 Where to place a TN3270E server.......187 APPN node types ............123 TN3270E server implementation .......188 Low-entry networking (LEN) nodes .....124 TELNETPARMS statement block ......188 End nodes (EN) ...........125 BEGINVTAM statement block .......190 Network nodes (NN) ..........125 VTAM setup for TN3270E server ......191 Specialized network node types ......127 Specialized VTAM Nodes ........129 Part 4. Network operations and Control point (CP-CP) sessions .......132 administration ..........193 APPN databases ............133 Topology database (TOPO DB) ......134 Directory services database (DS DB) .....135 Chapter 11. Network operational tasks 195 APPN network topology .........135 Network startup ............195 Topology data update (TDU) flows .....135 VTAM startup ............196 How directory services locate resources in TCP/IP startup............197 APPN ...............138 How the network is stopped ........198 Route calculation in APPN ........143 z/OS network administrator tasks ......199 Transmission group (TG) characteristics . 143 Examples of managing VTAM .......200 Class of service (CoS)..........144 Examples of managing TCP/IP ......203 High performance routing (HPR) .......145 Examples of controlling TCP/IP applications 207 Rapid transport protocol (RTP) ......146 Network environment documentation .....210 Automatic network routing (ANR) .....147 HPR headers ............148 Chapter 12. Network security ....213 Path switching ............149 About security .............213 Connection networks ...........149 TCP/IP security ............214 Dependent LU requester/server (DLUR/DLUS) 151 Industry standard network security features . 215 Defining a VTAM APPN network ......153 TCP/IP on z/OS security features .....220 Defining data sets and VTAM startup JCL. 153 TN3270 security ............224 Creating definitions in ATCSTRxx .....153 SNA security .............225 Defining VTAM major nodes .......154 Chapter 13. Network problem Chapter 9. SNA/IP implementation . 155 determination ...........227 Background on SNA/IP implementation ....155 Determining the network problem ......227 DLSw and Logical Link Control 2 (LLC2) ....157 Network tools and diagnostic aids ......228 How an LLC2 connection is established over a Common (z/OS-wide) tools and diagnostic aids 228 LAN...............157 VTAM tools and diagnostic aids ......231 Data link switching (DLSw) .......158 TCP/IP tools and diagnostic aids......235 How SDLC devices are connected using DLSw 159 VTAM problem determination........239 iv Introduction to Mainframe Networking TCP/IP problem determination .......241 Notices ..............251 Communications Storage Manager (CSM) ....244 Programming interface information ......252 Debugging CSM ...........244 Trademarks ..............253 Commands used to monitor CSM .....245 Network performance and tuning ......246 Related publications ........255 Part 5. Appendixes ........249 Contents v vi Introduction to Mainframe Networking Before you begin