The Kyrios Christos Controversy
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Ernst Lohmeyer's Kyrios Jesus Revisited
Ernst Lohmeyer’s Kyrios Jesus Revisited Colin Brown September 19, 1996 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the judicial murder of one of the great NT scholars of our time, Ernst Lohmeyer. In an early memorial tribute Oscar Cullmann observed that all future study of Phil. 2:6-11 must take as its starting point the insights of Lohmeyer’s Kyrios Jesus (1928). Lohmeyer’s identification of Phil. 2:6-11 as a pre- Pauline psalm is well known. However, the form-critical analysis which led to this conclusion was by no means the sole contribution of his monograph. Lohmeyer proceeded to suggest theories concerning its place in the eucharistic worship of the primitive Jerusalem church, its role in the development of primitive christology, and its relationship to other literature of the New Testament. All this was done within the context of a metaphysic which Lohmeyer saw not only as the key to understanding the humiliation and exaltation of the servant figure in the psalm, but as the motivating force of Christian living. Lohmeyer divided the passage into two strophes each consisting of three three-line stanzas ( Kyrios Jesus , 5-6; Lohmeyer, KEK 9 [1930], 90): (1) 6 [The one] existing in the form of God [ evn morfh/| qeou/] considered it not plunder [ ouvc a`rpagmo.n ] to be like God [ to. ei=nai i;sa qew/|], (2) 7 but sacrificed himself [ avlla. e`auto.n evke,nwsen ], having taken the form of a slave, having become an image of humanity; (3) and [though] being found “as Son of Man [ w`j a;nqrwpoj ]” 8 he humbled himself, having become obedient unto death [death on a cross]. -
Logos Catalog
ID Name Picture bhstcmot Bible History Commentary: Old Testament $45.50 Excellent tool for teachers - elementary, Sunday school, vacation Bible school, Bible class--and students. Franzmann clarifies historical accounts, explains difficult passages, offers essential background information, warns about misapplications of the biblical narrative, and reminds readers of the gospel. Contains maps, illustrated charts and tables, a Hebrew calendar, indexes of proper names and Scripture references, and an explanation of biblical chronology. The mission of Northwestern Publishing House is to deliver biblically sound Christ- centered resources within the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod and beyond. The vision of Northwestern Publishing House is to be the premier resource for quality Lutheran materials faithful to the Scriptures and Lutheran confessions. NPH publishes materials for worship, vacation Bible school, Sunday school, and several other ministries. The NPH headquarters are located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. BHSWTS42 Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS Hebrew): With Westminster $99.95 4.2 Morphology This edition of the complete Hebrew Bible is a reproduction of the Michigan-Claremont-Westminster text (MCWT) with Westminster Morphology (WM, version 4.2, 2004). The MCWT is based closely on the 1983 edition of Biblica Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS). As of version 2.0, however, MCWT introduced differences between the editions, based on new readings of Codex Leningradensis b19A (L). The MCWT was collated both computationally and manually against various other texts, including Kittel's Biblia Hebraica (BHK), the Michigan-Claremont electronic text. Additionally, manual collations were made using Aron Dotan's The Holy Scriptures and BHK. The Westiminster morphological database adds a complete morphological analysis for each word/morpheme of the Hebrew text. -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY Achebe, Chinua. "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart if Darkness." In Hopes and Impediments, Selected ESSIDIS, 1965-1987 (Portsmouth: Heinemann, 1988) 1-13. ~~-. Moming Yet on Creation DIDI: EsslDIs (Garden City: Anchor, 1975). Achtemeier, Paul J. "'And He Followed Him': Miracles and Discipleship in Mark 10:46-52." Semeia II (1978) 115-145. Adam, A. K. M. What Is Postmodem Biblical Criticism? (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995). Adorno, Theodor W. Minima Moralia: Riflections )Tom Damaged Lift, trans. E. F. N. Jephcott (London: New Left Books, 1974). Aichele, George. 'Jesus' Frankness." Semeia 69-70 (1995) 261-280. Aichele, George and Gary A. Phillips, eds. Intertextuality and the Bible. Semeia 69-70 (1995). ~~-. "Introduction: Exegesis, Eisegesis, Intergesis." Semeia 69-70 (1995) 7-18. Alter, Robert. The Art if Biblical Narratives (New York: Basic, 1981). Althusser, Louis. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation)." In Lenin and Philosophy and Other EsslDls, trans. Ben Brewster (New York: Monthly Review, 1971) 121-173. Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlmuls/ La Frontera: The New Mestiza. (San Francisco: Spinsters/Aunt Lute, 1987). Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Is the Post- in Postmodemism the Post- in Postcolonial?" Critical Inquiry 17 (1991) 336-357. ~~-. "Tolerable Falsehoods: Agency and the Interests of Theory." In Arac and Johnson, 63-90. Arac, Jonathan and Barbara Johnson, eds. Consequences if Theory (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991). Armstrong, Nancy. "The Occidental Alice." Differences 2 (1990) 3-40. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures (New York: Routledge, 1989). Ba, A. Hampate. "The Living Tradition." In General History if Afiica. -
Pious and Critical Scholarly Paradigms of the Pentateuch •Fl
Author Biography Spencer is a third year History major from Martinez, California. In addition, he is perusing a minor in Religious Studies. His major research interests involve the study of the Old and New Testament, as well as military history. After graduation, he hopes to take his passion and research to seminary, where he can further his study of the field and history of Biblical criticism. Morgan Pious and Critical Scholarly Paradigms of the Pentateuch — during the 19th & early 20th centuries by Spencer Morgan Abstract This paper examines the antithesis between Christian scholarship and modern higher criticism of the Pentateuch during the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the 19th century, the popularization and eventual hegemony of the Doc- umentary Hypothesis revolutionized the field of Biblical studies. Modern criti- cal scholars claimed that Moses did not write the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) during the 15th century BC, but rather it was the product of a later redaction of at least four separate documents: J, E, P, and D. Writing hundreds of years apart and long after Moses, their authors reflect not the ancient covenantal religion of Moses, but rather various periods in the evolution of Israel’s religion. The implications of the Documentary Hypothe- sis bring into question the historicity and theological validity of not only the Pen- tateuch, but also the Christian New Testament which presupposes it. The goal of this research is to identify the foundational presuppositions, conclusions, and contextual consciousness that both the modern critics and the Reformed body of Christian scholars opposing them brought to their scholarship. -
Extending the Knowledge of the Glory
“Extending the knowledge of the glory of God in Christ until that knowledge covers the earth as the waters cover the sea” from Westminster’s Mission Statement From the President Philadelphia Campus Mailing address: I am delighted to introduce you to Westminster P.O. Box 27009 Theological Seminary! I trust that the following Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118 pages will provide the information you need to Street address: consider thoughtfully and prayerfully if God would 2960 West Church Road have you study here at Westminster. Glenside, Pennsylvania 19038 We are a thriving community of professors and (215) 887-5511 students seeking to understand the meaning of Scripture and to apply it to all areas of life. (800) 373-0119 That’s why we have three emphases. First, we Fax (215) 887-5404 believe that Reformed theology, as defined by the www.wts.edu Westminster Standards, most accurately represents the teachings of Scripture; therefore, we are unashamedly committed to historic, Extension Campus and Programs of Study Reformed Christianity. Second, proper interpretation of Scripture requires careful Texas Campus scholarship; therefore, we are solidly committed to academic excellence. Third, genuine and effective gospel service requires a heart of love and devotion to Christ; Two Turtle Creek Building therefore, we are deeply committed to spiritual formation. 3838 Oak Lawn Avenue, Suite 200 With these emphases at the core, we offer a variety of degree programs to train Dallas, Texas 75219 men for ordained ministry and men and women for gospel service. Our graduates (214) 528-8600 serve all over the world as pastors, professors, missionaries, counselors, doctors, Fax (214) 373-0907 translators, writers, church planters, and in many other capacities. -
Kyrios Christos Wilhelm Bousset the Princeton Theological Review 12:636-645
Kyrios Christos Wilhelm Bousset The Princeton Theological Review 12:636-645. [1914] A treatise on the term kurioj as applied to Jesus would seem to deal with a sufficiently specialized subject. But, as the subtitle of Dr. Bousset’s work informs us, we receive in it no less than a “History of Christological Faith from the Beginnings Down to Irenaeus.” And even this scarcely covers what the book actually offers, for in reality it approaches to being a sketch of the earliest history of Christian belief in general, including some aspects that are not technically Christological, although the author in the Preface disavows this wider purpose on the ground that the time is not ripe as yet for describing the origin of Christianity in the milieu of the Hellenistic-Roman civilization. The value of the book—and it is great, irrespective of one’s agreement or disagreement with its conclusions—is due largely to this breadth of outlook proceeding from a point that by common consent was of central importance and of propelling force in the earliest development of Christianity, the view taken of and the relation sustained toward Christ as Lord. As might be expected, Dr. Bousset writes as a consistent “religionsgeschichtler.” He repudiates the distinction between biblical theology and history of doctrine not merely, but is eager to obliterate the lines of demarcation between the Christian religion and the surrounding spheres of faith and practice in the midst of which it grew up. He further brings to the front more seriously than has been attempted by anybody before, at least in such a comprehensive way, the principle that the forms of religious belief to a large extent took their rise and shape from the cultus, in other words that doctrine grew out of worship, rather than the reverse, as is usually assumed to have been the case. -
Exegetical Fallacies: Common Interpretive Mistakes Every Student Must Avoid
TMSJ 19/1 (Spring 2008) 15-27 EXEGETICAL FALLACIES: COMMON INTERPRETIVE MISTAKES EVERY STUDENT MUST AVOID William D. Barrick Professor of Old Testament Students of the Bible often make mistakes that can be avoided if they are aware of errors that others have committed. One of the errors is the “Evidential Fallacy” which fails to approach the text with the presumption that it is accurate. Another mistake is the “Superior Knowledge Fallacy” which occurs when one, in approaching difficult texts, practices textual emendation to accommodate the critic’s ignorance. A third mistake is the “Word Study Fallacy” which uses imaginative extrapolations to find unjustified meanings in individual words. The “Fallacy of Reading Between the Lines” reads into the Scriptures what one thinks the text implies. Another mistake occurs in improper explanations of the two tenses of Hebrew verbs, the perfect (or qatal) and the imperfect (or yiqtol). Occasionally in the NT, the “Fallacy of Ignoring Particles” causes an interpreter to miss emphasis that is conveyed by Greek particles. Sometimes a translation leaves out words found in the original language causing the “Fallacy of Reduction.” Correct interpretation results from close attention to details of the text in avoiding the mistakes mentioned above, as well as others. * * * * * Introduction Over twenty years ago, D. A. Carson published his volume entitled Exegeti- cal Fallacies (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984). In it he covers the areas of word-study fallacies, grammatical fallacies, logical fallacies, and presuppositional and historical fallacies. This writer believes that the book should be required reading for every Bible student. Although Carson might be faulted in his own exegesis for some of the examples he employs, he does a respectable job of covering the issues. -
The Shepherd Student
WRS Journal 12:2 (August 2005): 27-36 THE SHEPHERD STUDENT Earl L. Brown, Jr. Breath of Breath1 says Qoheleth,2 the whole is breath. Not only was Qoheleth wise but he also taught knowledge to the people; he studiously weighed3 and arranged many proverbs. Qoheleth sought to find delightful words,4 and to write true words with precision.5 The words of the sages are like prods, and the collected sayings are like firmly fixed nails; they are given by one shepherd6 Be warned, my son, of anything in addition to them. There is no end to the making of many books, and much study is wearisome to the body.7 Having heard everything, I have reached this conclusion. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God will evaluate every deed, including every secret thing, whether good or evil. Ecclesiastes 12:8-14 [Brown adaptation of NET Bible8] The text set before us is not only the key to the interpretation of the book, but it accurately coalesces the convergent philosophy of life as a précis of the life of Solomon,9 as it is paraphrased in the lives of Robert Dick Wilson, Allan MacRae, and Robert W. Anderson.10 Life Transitions: From Solomon to Jesus, From David’s Son to David’s Greater Son Solomon was the Old Covenant prototype for the masterful Shepherd Student. Unlike Solomon, however, Jesus learned in his earthly human nature, obedience “through the things which he suffered” (Heb 5:8). It is in this capacity that Christ in the New Covenant provides a superior Shepherd and student (see 1 Pet 2:21). -
S Ociety R Eport
Society Report SocietyNovember 2012 of Biblical Literature Inside Updates About SBL 2 Minding (and Mining) the Data 3 SBL Facts and Figures 9 International Qur’anic Studies Association 4 Labor of Love Partnership to Provide Primary Texts 5 try on Fridays to call a member—a cold call without having first emailed a request to chat. If I email- Bible Odyssey Website 7 ahead of time, the caller wants to know what the call is about, and the answers are more prepared and Year in Review less visceral. I have thought about asking the same questions every call, in order to give the conversa tion a more intentional agenda and direction, and perhaps even to record answers on a grid to evaluate Publications 8 Iqualitatively. Instead, I try to listen intentionally and let the call go wherever it naturally goes. However, Editorial Boards 10 eventually I usually ask two questions: (1) How is your work going? and (2) What can SBL do better for you? 2012 Publications 12 Like most questions, we hear different things based on our present circumstances and personal- Congresses 14 interests. So a vaguer question elicits a variety of responses. Sometimes I hear about the current challenges in higher education, the poor job market, budget cuts, increased committee work, the “admin Regional Meetings 18 - istration.” Sometimes I hear about a member’s frustration that research and writing always seem to take Affiliates 19 a back seat to other, more pressing responsibilities. What I almost always hear is that, while the profes sion is so time-consuming, all-encompassing, and uncertain, they love it—the teaching, the students, the Annual Meeting intellectual freedom, the intellectual stimulation, and the creativity. -
Divinity of Christ in the Early Church
Diligence: Journal of the Liberty University Online Religion Capstone in Research and Scholarship Volume 6 Summer 2020 Article 2 August 2020 Divinity of Christ in the Early Church Joshua T. Crews Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/djrc Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Crews, Joshua T. (2020) "Divinity of Christ in the Early Church," Diligence: Journal of the Liberty University Online Religion Capstone in Research and Scholarship: Vol. 6 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/djrc/vol6/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Divinity at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Diligence: Journal of the Liberty University Online Religion Capstone in Research and Scholarship by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Crews: Divinity of Christ LIBERTY UNIVERSITY JOHN W. RAWLINGS SCHOOL OF DIVINITY Research Paper- Divinity of Christ in the Early Church Submitted to Dr. Martin Sheldon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of RLGN 490-D01 Research and Scholarly Capstone by Joshua T. Crews August 13, 2020 Published by Scholars Crossing, 2020 1 Diligence: Journal of the Liberty University Online Religion Capstone in Research and Scholarship, Vol. 6, Iss. 1 [2020], Art. 2 Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Jesus as -
KYRIOS in the FOURTH GOSPEL and ITS IMPLICATIONS for AFRICAN/ASIAN ECCLESIOLOGY by Emmanuel Oyemomi, Ph.D Lecturer NBTS Ogbomoso, Nigeria
1 KYRIOS IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR AFRICAN/ASIAN ECCLESIOLOGY By Emmanuel Oyemomi, Ph.D Lecturer NBTS Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Abstract The Christological title kyrios in the Fourth Gospel is analyzed and critiqued in its various inflections and forms like the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and vocative, so that the overwhelming use of the vocative in the Fourth Gospel is read to be ironic. In effect, it is a confession that shows a depth of commitment, and recognition that Jesus is Lord. The work is divided into five sections namely: basic community belief about the kyrios , kyrios in the Old Testament Quotations, Kyrie with non believers, kyrie /kyrios with believers, and Jesus’ affirmation of Himself as kyrios . The work draws theological implications of kyrios with a focus on the individual member of the community, the Jewish synagogue, the early centuries, and the church today from African/Asian perspectives. The paper concludes with the summary that kyrios in the Johannine Gospel is an effulgent glory of the Hebrew adonai or the tetragrammaton revered name, Yahweh . Hence African/Asian believers should hold the commitment to the Lordship of Christ, no matter the hostility around them in a pluralistic, syncretistic, and proliferation of “lord” among African/Asian communities. INTRODUCTION The Christological title Kyrios has been a confession for which several souls have been martyred in history. Believers suffered worse of persecution in the first 450 years of Christian church, especially during the reign of Emperor Nero (54-68 AD), but the persecution did not succeed in checking the spread of Christianity. -
Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today Peter A
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Alumni Book Gallery 10-28-2013 Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today Peter A. Lillback Richard B. Gaffinr J . Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Lillback, Peter A. and Gaffin, Richard B. Jr., "Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today" (2013). Alumni Book Gallery. 305. https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books/305 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Alumni Book Gallery by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today Keywords Bible, doctrine Disciplines Biblical Studies | Religion | Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Publisher P & R Publishing Publisher's Note Reprinted from Thy Word Is Still Truth: Essential Writings on the Doctrine of Scripture from the Reformation to Today edited by Peter A. Lillback and Richard B. Gaffinr J ., copyright 2013, P&R Publishing, Phillipsburg, NJ. ISBN 9781596384477 This book is available at DigitalCommons@Cedarville: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books/305