Annual Historical Review, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM), FY 1992
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The Rise and Fall of Missiles in the Us Air Force, 1957-1967
FLAMEOUT: THE RISE AND FALL OF MISSILES IN THE U.S. AIR FORCE, 1957-1967 A Dissertation by DAVID WILLIAM BATH Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Joseph G. Dawson, III Committee Members, Terry H. Anderson Olga Dror Angela Pulley Hudson James Burk Head of Department, David Vaught December 2015 Major Subject: History Copyright 2015 David William Bath ABSTRACT This dissertation documents how the U.S. national perspective toward ballistic nuclear missiles changed dramatically between 1957 and 1967 and how the actions and attitudes of this time brought about long term difficulties for the nation, the Air Force, and the missile community. In 1957, national leaders believed that ballistic missiles would replace the manned bomber and be used to win an anticipated third world war between communist and capitalist nations. Only ten years later, the United States was deep into a limited war in Vietnam and had all but proscribed the use of nuclear missiles. This dissertation uses oral histories, memoirs, service school theses, and formerly classified government documents and histories to determine how and why the nation changed its outlook on nuclear ballistic missiles so quickly. The dissertation contends that because scientists and engineers created the revolutionary weapon at the beginning of the Cold War, when the U.S. and U.S.S.R. were struggling for influence and power, many national leaders urged the military to design and build nuclear ballistic missiles before the Soviet Union could do so. -
The Cold War and Beyond
Contents Puge FOREWORD ...................... u 1947-56 ......................... 1 1957-66 ........................ 19 1967-76 ........................ 45 1977-86 ........................ 81 1987-97 ........................ 117 iii Foreword This chronology commemorates the golden anniversary of the establishment of the United States Air Force (USAF) as an independent service. Dedicated to the men and women of the USAF past, present, and future, it records significant events and achievements from 18 September 1947 through 9 April 1997. Since its establishment, the USAF has played a significant role in the events that have shaped modem history. Initially, the reassuring drone of USAF transports announced the aerial lifeline that broke the Berlin blockade, the Cold War’s first test of wills. In the tense decades that followed, the USAF deployed a strategic force of nuclear- capable intercontinental bombers and missiles that deterred open armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Cold War’s deadly flash points, USAF jets roared through the skies of Korea and Southeast Asia, wresting air superiority from their communist opponents and bringing air power to the support of friendly ground forces. In the great global competition for the hearts and minds of the Third World, hundreds of USAF humanitarian missions relieved victims of war, famine, and natural disaster. The Air Force performed similar disaster relief services on the home front. Over Grenada, Panama, and Libya, the USAF participated in key contingency actions that presaged post-Cold War operations. In the aftermath of the Cold War the USAF became deeply involved in constructing a new world order. As the Soviet Union disintegrated, USAF flights succored the populations of the newly independent states. -
The 6555Th Table of Contents
The 6555th Table of Contents The 6555th Missile and Space Launches Through 1970 by Mark C. Cleary 45th Space Wing History Office Table of Contents Preface Chapter I - Foundations of the 6555th: The Post War Legacy Section 1 - Post-War legacy Through 1949 Section 2 - Activities at Holloman, Eglin and Patrick AFB, 1950-1951 Chapter II - MATADOR and the Era of Winged Missiles Section 1 - MATADOR Operations Through 1954 Section 2 - MATADOR and MACE Operations 1955-1963 Section 3 - LARK, BOMARC and SNARK Operations Section 4 - The NAVAHO Program The 6555th Table of Contents Chapter III - The 6555th's Role in the Development of Ballistic Missiles Section 1 - Ballistic Missile Test Organizations and Commanders Section 2 - The Eastern Test Range in the 1950's Section 3 - Ballistic Missile Test Objectives Section 4 - The THOR Ballistic Missile Program Section 5 - The ATLAS Ballistic Missile Program Section 6 - The TITAN Ballistic Missile Program Section 7 - Organization, Resources and Activities in the 1960's Section 8 - The MINUTEMAN Ballistic Missile Development Program Chapter IV - Taking the High Ground: The 6555th's Role in Space Through 1970 Section 1 - U. S. Military Space Efforts Through 1960 Section 2 - ATLAS, THOR and BLUE SCOUT Space Operations Section 3 - The TITAN II/GEMINI Program Section 4 - The TITAN III Program Section 5 - Organizational Changes 1965-1970 Preface (1st Edition, November 1991) When I assumed the duties of Chief, ESMC History Office in January 1986, I was completely unaware of the 6555th's contributions to America's missile and space efforts in the 1950s and 1960s. Like most Americans -- indeed, like most people the world over -- I assumed that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration dominated most aspects of the United States space effort after 1958. -
For Silver Taps Information, Click on the Name. Name Branch Rank Start
For Silver Taps information, click on the name. Name Branch Rank Start Finish Units Comments Date Date Served Aardal, USN O-5 Jun-63 Jun-70 Natl Def Svc Medal Marvin Bronze Star Adams, USAF O-4 Silver Taps James C. Adams, John Army Jun-62 Jun-67 114 Assault Helicopter Company Silver Taps B. Vietnam Killed in 1970 while testing aircraft as employee of Bell Helicopter when his chopper lost its tail rotor. Agnew, USCG E-5 Jun-58 Jun-66 Recruiting duty Corpus Christi, TX Bravery Citation Phillip 3 buoy tenders Galveston, TX 2 Captain of the Port duty Houston, TX Search and Rescue duty Naval Air Station, Jacksonville FL Allenson, USAF O-4 Silver Taps Vincent J. WW II Korea Anderson, Military O-2 Aug-62 Aug-64 Ft. Benning GA Silver Taps Gary Intelligence Ft. Holabird, Baltimore MD Natl Def Svc Medal 319th Military Intelligence Bn (Field Army) Anthis, John Army O-3 May-63 Mar-69 Platoon Leader, Liquid Oxygen Platoon, Vietnam Germany Bronze Star Medal – Meritorious Svc Executive Officer & Commanding Officer, Army Commendation Medal with OLC 69th Topographic Engineering Co., - Meritorious Svc Germany Unit Commendation - Vietnam Commanding Officer, 66th Topographic Company, Vietnam Engineer Instructor, U.S. Artillery & Missile School, Fort Sill, OK Ary, James O-4 Silver Taps Asbury, Army O-2 Jan-63 Jan-66 Aviation School – Ft. Rucker AL Flight instructor, fixed wing aircraft Gordon R. Natl Def Svc Medal Ashy, Joe USAF O-10 Jun-62 Oct-96 CIC North American Aerospace Def Cmd Vietnam CIC US Space Cmd Combat: F-100 pilot in Vietnam 67- Cmdr Air Force -
Guide to Air Force Worldwide Installations
Guide to Air Force Installations Worldwide ■ 2016 USAF Almanac Active Duty Installations This section includes Air Force-owned and -oper- Hq. 8th Air Force (AFGSC), operational leader- Cape Cod AFS, Mass. 02561. Nearest city: ated facilities around the world. (It also lists the ship; Global Power Museum (AFGSC). History: Sandwich. Phone: 508-968-3283. Owning com- former USAF bases now under other service activated Feb. 2, 1933. Named for Lt. Eugene mand: AFSPC. Unit/mission: 6th SWS (AFSPC), leadership as joint bases.) The section does H. Barksdale, WWI airman killed in August missile warning. History: established April 4, not list all units or agencies at each base. Many 1926 crash. 1980, as Cape Cod Missile Early Warning Sta- USAF installations also host numerous tenants, tion. Renamed Jan. 5, 1982. including other USAF major command units and Beale AFB, Calif. 95903. Nearest city: Marysville. civil, DOD, federal, and other service entities. Phone: 530-634-3000. Owning command: ACC. Cavalier AFS, N.D. 58220. Nearest city: Cavalier. Units/missions: 7th SWS (AFSPC), missile warn- Phone: n/a. Owning command: AFSPC. Unit/ Altus AFB, Okla. 73523. Nearest city: Altus. ing; 9th RW (ACC), ISR, RPA operations; 548th mission: 10th SWS (AFSPC), missile warning. Phone: 580-482-8100. Owning command: ISRG (ACC), DCGS; 940th Wing (AFRC), C2, History: established 1975 as Army’s Mickelsen AETC. Unit/mission: 97th AMW (AETC), train- ISR, RPA operations. History: opened October Complex, an anti-ballistic missile facility. All but ing. History: activated January 1943. Inactivated 1942 as Army’s Camp Beale. Named for Edward perimeter acquisition radar inactivated 1976. -
The 66Th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing in Europe
The 66th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing in Europe. By Doug Gordon From the time when man first went aloft in a balloon to report on enemy movements below, tactical reconnaissance has played a vital part in warfare. We have come a long way since those far off days. Today supersonic aircraft fly with sophisticated cameras and electronic listening devices designed to probe every secret of the enemy’s strength, disposition and technology. Major and minor wars from 1914 to the present day have relied heavily on the skill of pilots and the relative sophistication of their hardware and technicians to collect and process data from the battlefield and it’s environs. Europe has so often been the battlefield and in the two major conflicts the United States (Army) Air Force has played a significant role: from the artillery spotting of the 2nd Balloon Squadron in France in 1918; to the intensive aerial reconnaissance of the 10th Reconnaissance Group during and after Normandy landings of 1944. That Europe has for so long seen a period of comparative peace is due, not only to the oft quoted nuclear deterrent; but also to the skill, dedication and readiness of the western alliance’s conventional forces; not least those who have been responsible for constantly updating all the available data on the enemy’s ground forces, and for developing the tactics to be forever one step ahead in conventional terms: the tactical reconnaissance units of the United States Air Force in Europe (USAFE) and their counterparts in NATO. Before the advent of the Cold War, peacetime reconnaissance in the European theatre had been primarily the responsibility of Strategic Air Command; the emphasis being on reconnaissance for strategic planning. -
BACKGROUND 6 June Shortly After Midnight the 82Nd and 101St
BACKGROUND The Allies fighting in Normandy were a team of teams – from squads and crews through armies, navies and air forces of many thousands. Click below for maps and summaries of critical periods during their campaign, and for the opportunity to explore unit contributions in greater detail. 6 JUNE ~ D-Day 7-13 JUNE ~ Linkup 14-20 JUNE ~ Struggle In The Hedgerows 21-30 JUNE ~ The Fall Of Cherbourg 1-18 JULY ~ To Caen And Saint-Lô 19-25 JULY ~ Caen Falls 26-31 JULY ~ The Operation Cobra Breakout 1-13 AUGUST ~ Exploitation And Counterattack 14-19 AUGUST ~ Falaise And Orleans 20-25 AUGUST ~ The Liberation Of Paris 6 June Shortly after midnight the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions jumped into Normandy to secure bridgeheads and beach exits in advance of the main amphibious attack. Begin- ning at 0630 the 1st and 29th Infantry Divisions stormed ashore at Omaha Beach against fierce resistance. Beginning at 0700 the 4th Infantry Division overwhelmed less effective opposition securing Utah Beach, in part because of disruption the airborne landings had caused. By day’s end the Americans were securely ashore at Utah and Commonwealth Forces at Gold, Juno and Sword Beaches. The hold on Omaha Beach was less secure, as fighting continued on through the night of 6-7 June. 1 7-13 June The 1st, 2nd and 29th Infantry Divisions attacked out of Omaha Beach to expand the beachhead and link up with their allies. The 1st linked up with the British and pushed forward to Caumont-l’Êventé against weakening resistance. The 29th fought its way south and west and linked up with forces from Utah Beach, while the 2nd attacked alongside both and secured the interval between them. -
44Th Bomb Group Veterans Association
44TH BOMB GROUP VETERANS ASSOCIATION 8 BALL TAILS Vol. 1 - Issue #4 Journal of the ft Winter 1995 44th Bomb Group Non Profit Veterans Organization Veterans Association EIN #68-0351397 "WELCOME SIGHT" A Limited Edition signed by two distinguished WWII Bomber Pilots General Leon Johnson & Major General Ramsay Potts "WELCOME SIGHT" By Robert Taylor 1000 signed & numbered, 27 1/2" x 20 1/2" B-24 Liberators of the 44th Bomb Group pass over Ely Cathedral, aesthetic role in the story of the US Air Force's war effort in England. The Cambridgeshire, after a mission to occupied Europe. Ely Cathedral, men of the 8th Air Force still fondly recall those stirring moments towering above the East Anglian flatlands, was a welcome landmark for returning from a mission, when they spotted that beautiful old monument the returning US 8th Air Force crews. rising from the flatlands of the Fen country, providing an easily recognizable This classic work by Robert Taylor pays tribute to the men of the 8th Air landmark, and thus a bearing on their home base. The Cathedral has ever Force and in particular the gallant crews of the B-24 Liberator, and the since been regarded by the gallant crews of the B-I 7's and B-24's as 'their' contribution they made to the Allies' success in World War II. Returning Cathedral. from a mission, flying over the beautiful Cambridgeshire landscape with The aircraft centered in the Robert Taylor painting is the 68th Bomb Ely Cathedral in the background, the B-24's make an imposing subject. -
Major Commands
Hq. Air Force The Department of the Air Force incorporates all elements of the Air ■ 2007 USAF Almanac Force and is administered by a civilian Secretary and supervised by a military Chief of Staff. The Secretariat and the Air Staff help the Secretary and the Chief of Staff direct the Air Force mission. Headquarters Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Headquarters Air Force Established Sept. 18, 1947 Secretary Michael W. Wynne HAF Chief of Staff Gen. T. Michael Moseley ROLE PERSONNEL Organize, train, and equip air and (as of Sept. 30, 2006) space forces Active duty 1,713 Officers 1,456 MISSION Enlisted 257 Deliver sovereign options for the Reserve components 479 defense of the United States of ANG 0 America and its global interests—to AFRC 479 fly and fight in air, space, and cyber- Civilian 871 space Total 3,063 FORCE STRUCTURE— SECRETARIAT One Secretary One undersecretary Four assistant secretaries Two deputy undersecretaries Five directors Five offices FORCE STRUCTURE— AIR STAFF USAF photo by A1C Marleah L. Miller One Chief of Staff One vice chief of staff One Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Eight deputy chiefs of staff Three directors Eight offices The US Air Force Honor Guard Drill Team performs during a USAF open house at the Pentagon. 86 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2007 SECRETARIAT, PENTAGON, WASHINGTON, D.C. Secretary of the Air Force Undersecretary of the Air Force Asst. Secretary of Asst. Secretary of Asst. Secretary of Asst. Secretary Deputy Undersec- Deputy Undersec- the Air Force for the Air Force for the Air Force for In- of the Air Force retary of the Air retary of the Air Acquisition Financial Mgmt. -
Usaf & Ussf Installations
2020 ALMANAC USAF & USSF INSTALLATIONS Tech. Sgt. Joe Harwood Tech. C-130s at Mansfield Lahm Air National Guard Base, Mansfield, Ohio. Domestic Installations Owning command: AETC. Unit/mission: missile warning. History: Dates from 1961. 42nd ABW (AETC), support; 908th AW Bases owned, operated by, or hosting substantial (AFRC), air mobility operations; Air Force Eielson AFB, Alaska 99702. Nearest city: Department of the Air Force activities. Bases marked Historical Research Agency (USAF), histori- Fairbanks. Phone: 907-377-1110. Acres: 24,919. “USSF” were part of the former Air Force Space com- cal documentation, research; Air University Total Force: 3,257. Active-duty Air Force: 1,993. mand and may not ultimately transfer to the Space (AETC); Hq. Civil Air Patrol (USAF), manage- Owning command: PACAF. Unit/mission: 168th Force. For sources and definitions, see p. 109. ment; Hq. Air Force Judge Advocate General ARW (ANG), air mobility operations; 354th FW Active Reserve Guard Range USSF States Corps (USAF), management; PEO-Business (PACAF), aggressor force, fighter, Red Flag- and Enterprise Systems (AFMC), acquisi- Alaska operations, Joint Pacific Alaska Range UNITEDUnited STATES States tion. History: Activated 1918 at the site of Complex support; Arctic Survival School (AETC), the Wright brothers’ flight school. Named training. History: Activated October 1944. Named AlabamaALABAMA for 2nd Lt. William C. Maxwell, killed in air for Carl Ben Eielson, Arctic aviation pioneer who accident Aug. 12, 1920. Museum: Air Park. died in Arctic rescue mission in November 1929. Dannelly Field, Montgomery Regional Inn: 334-953-3931. (Maxwell); 334-416-2501 Museum: Heritage Park. Inn: 907-377-1844. Airport, Ala. -
Correspondence David Woodhouse Resume
WOODHOUSE GEOSCIENCES 1400 1st Avenue West, Unit 204 BRADENTON, FL 34205 941-773-8682 [email protected] EXPERIENCE SUMMARY David Woodhouse is a registered professional geologist currently retired and practicing as Woodhouse Geosciences which offers over 50 years of experience in hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, and construction/geological forensics. He is a court recognized expert on groundwater and contaminant flow through fractured bedrock. In that capacity, he has provided consultation and technical expertise to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), major architectural/engineering (A/E) firms, municipalities, and expert witness services to attorneys on cases involving the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment. He has also worked for major A/E firms such as ENSR, Weston, GCA Technology/Alliance Technology, and Camp Dresser McKee. For the USEPA, assignments included the following: Superfund Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) assignments; peer reviewer and consultant to develop siting criteria for landfills governed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) (RCRA) and dioxin disposal at Times Beach; peer reviewer for EPA to develop time of travel criteria for fate and transport studies; and Department of Justice and EPA consultant on site remediation and cleanups including the Technical Assistance Team (TAT), Technical Environmental Support (TES), Alternative Remediation Contracting Strategy (ARCS), and Remediation Environmental Management (REM). For the US Military, consultant on investigations and remediation of military bases including contracts for the Corps of Engineers’ Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Plan (FUSRAP),NAVY CLEAN; United States Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHEMA); and the United States Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence(AFCEE) Installation Rehabilitation Program (IRP). -
Anatomy of Aconvention
Vol. 29, No. 1 SECOND AIR DIVISION ASSOCIATION Spring 1990 Anatomy of aConvention Budby Chamberlain Most (and, I hope, ALL) of us had a great time at our 42nd annual convention at Hilton Head Island's Hyatt Regency in South Carolina. In case any of you feel the location has something to do with the hotel chain by the same name, let me explain. Hilton Head Island was named for Captain William Hilton who charted the island in 1663 — over 200 years before Conrad Hilton was born. Early settlers grew indigo and long grain rice. From 1790 until the Civil War, long-staple Sea Island cotton was grown there. It was then turned into a Union base for 50,000 men. It has only been since 1949 that this largest of the Sea Islands has grown into a resort and residen- tial community of 12,000 people. The 15 by 4 mile island, about 50 miles southwest of Charleston, was incorporated only recently 2ADA Treasurer and Past President Dean Moyer (left) receives the 2ADA Exceptional in 1983. It was chosen by our convention Service Award from Bud Chamberlain committee on the rebound. After an unsuc- cessful 1989 site hunt on Florida's west and the banquet in the PM. In addition, convention, it was second best. The exact coast in 1986, the committee explored HHI tours for the ladies were arranged for attendance list is carried elsewhere in this on the way home. As fate would have it, quaint Beaufort and elegant old issue. That number taxed, nearly to the HHI was the charm.