Bird's Nest Screwworm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Beneficial Species Profile Photo credit: Copyright © 2013 Mardon Erbland, bugguide.net Common Name: Bird’s Nest Screwworm Fly / Holarctic Blow Fly Scientific Name: Protophormia terraenovae Order and Family: Diptera / Calliphoridae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg 1mm Larva/Nymph Small and white, with about 12 1-12mm segments Adult Dark anterior thoracic spiracle, dark metallic blue in color. 8-12 mm Similar to Phormia regina, however P. terraenovae has longer dorsocentral bristles with acrostichal (set in highest row) bristles short or absent. Pupa (if applicable) 8-9mm Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Sponging in adults / Mouthhooks in larvae Host/s: Larvae develop primarily in carrion. Description of Benefits (predator, parasitoid, pollinator, etc.): This insect is used in Forensic and Medical fields. Maggot Debridement Therapy is the use of maggots to clean and disinfect necrotic flesh wounds. To be usable in this practice, the creature must only target the necrotic tissues. This species ‘fits the bill.’ P. terraenovae is known to produce antibiotics as they feed, helping to fight some infections. P. terraenovae is one of the only blow fly species usable in this way. Blow flies are also one of the first species to arrive on a cadaver. Due to early arrival, they can be the most informative for postmortem investigations. Scientists will collect, note, rear, and identify the species to determine life cycles and developmental rates. Once determined, they can calculate approximate death. This species is also known to cause myiasis in livestock, causing wound strike and death. References: Species Protophormia terraenovae. (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2020, from https://bugguide.net/node/view/862102 Byrd, J. H., & Tomberlin, J. K. (2020). Forensic entomology: The utility of arthropods in legal investigations. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. pg 26 Smith, G.V., Kenneth, A Manual of Forensic Entomology, 1987, Cornell Univ Pr, Pgs. 113 Erzinçliolu, Y. Z. “The larvae of the species of Phormia and Boreellus: Northern, cold-adapted blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae).” Journal of Natural History, 22.1(1988):11-16 Kočišová, A., J. Pistl, R. Link, E. Čonková, and M. Goldová. "Maggot Debridement Therapy in the Treatment of Footrot and Foot Scald in Sheep." Acta Vet. Brno 75 (2006): 277-81 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Apple Maggot [Rhagoletis Pomonella (Walsh)]
Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory ENT-06-87 November 2013 Apple Maggot [Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)] Diane Alston, Entomologist, and Marion Murray, IPM Project Leader Do You Know? • The fruit fly, apple maggot, primarily infests native hawthorn in Utah, but recently has been found in home garden plums. • Apple maggot is a quarantine pest; its presence can restrict export markets for commercial fruit. • Damage occurs from egg-laying punctures and the larva (maggot) developing inside the fruit. • The larva drops to the ground to spend the winter as a pupa in the soil. • Insecticides are currently the most effective con- trol method. • Sanitation, ground barriers under trees (fabric, Fig. 1. Apple maggot adult on plum fruit. Note the F-shaped mulch), and predation by chickens and other banding pattern on the wings.1 fowl can reduce infestations. pple maggot (Order Diptera, Family Tephritidae; Fig. A1) is not currently a pest of commercial orchards in Utah, but it is regulated as a quarantine insect in the state. If it becomes established in commercial fruit production areas, its presence can inflict substantial economic harm through loss of export markets. Infesta- tions cause fruit damage, may increase insecticide use, and can result in subsequent disruption of integrated pest management programs. Fig. 2. Apple maggot larva in a plum fruit. Note the tapered head and dark mouth hooks. This fruit fly is primarily a pest of apples in northeastern home gardens in Salt Lake County. Cultivated fruit is and north central North America, where it historically more likely to be infested if native hawthorn stands are fed on fruit of wild hawthorn.
[Show full text]
Do Longer Sequences Improve the Accuracy of Identification of Forensically Important Calliphoridae Species?
Do longer sequences improve the accuracy of identification of forensically important Calliphoridae species? Sara Bortolini1, Giorgia Giordani2, Fabiola Tuccia2, Lara Maistrello1 and Stefano Vanin2 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy 2 School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom ABSTRACT Species identification is a crucial step in forensic entomology. In several cases the calculation of the larval age allows the estimation of the minimum Post-Mortem Interval (mPMI). A correct identification of the species is the first step for a correct mPMI estimation. To overcome the difficulties due to the morphological identification especially of the immature stages, a molecular approach can be applied. However, difficulties in separation of closely related species are still an unsolved problem. Sequences of 4 different genes (COI, ND5, EF-1α, PER) of 13 different fly species collected during forensic experiments (Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lu- cilia sericata, Lucilia illustris, Lucilia caesar, Chrysomya albiceps, Phormia regina, Cyno- mya mortuorum, Sarcophaga sp., Hydrotaea sp., Fannia scalaris, Piophila sp., Megaselia scalaris) were evaluated for their capability to identify correctly the species. Three concatenated sequences were obtained combining the four genes in order to verify if longer sequences increase the probability of a correct identification. The obtained results showed that this rule does not work for the species L. caesar and L. illustris. Future works on other DNA regions are suggested to solve this taxonomic issue. Subjects Entomology, Taxonomy Submitted 19 March 2018 Keywords ND5, COI, PER, Diptera, EF-1α, Maximum-likelihood, Phylogeny Accepted 17 October 2018 Published 17 December 2018 Corresponding author INTRODUCTION Stefano Vanin, [email protected] Species identification is a crucial step in forensic entomology.
[Show full text]
UNIVERSITY of WINCHESTER the Post-Feeding Larval Dispersal Of
UNIVERSITY OF WINCHESTER The post-feeding larval dispersal of forensically important UK blow flies Molly Mae Mactaggart ORCID Number: 0000-0001-7149-3007 Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 This Thesis has been completed as a requirement for a postgraduate research degree of the University of Winchester. No portion of the work referred to in the Thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institute of learning. I confirm that this Thesis is entirely my own work Copyright © Molly Mae Mactaggart 2018 The post-feeding larval dispersal of forensically important UK blow flies, University of Winchester, PhD Thesis, pp 1-208, ORCID 0000-0001-7149- 3007. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Copies (by any process) either in full, or of extracts, may be made only in accordance with instructions given by the author. Details may be obtained from the RKE Centre, University of Winchester. This page must form part of any such copies made. Further copies (by any process) of copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the permission (in writing) of the author. No profit may be made from selling, copying or licensing the author’s work without further agreement. 2 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors Dr Martin Hall, Dr Amoret Whitaker and Dr Keith Wilkinson for their continued support and encouragement. Throughout the course of this PhD I have realised more and more how lucky I have been to have had such a great supervisory team.
[Show full text]
Protophormia Terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) a New Forensic Indicator to South-Western Europe
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante Ciencia Forense, 12/2015: 137–152 ISSN: 1575-6793 PROTOPHORMIA TERRAENOVAE (ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830) (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) A NEW FORENSIC INDICATOR TO SOUTH-WESTERN EUROPE Anabel Martínez-Sánchez1 Concepción Magaña2 Martin Toniolo Paola Gobbi Santos Rojo Abstract: Protophormia terraenovae larvae are found frequently on corpses in central and northern Europe but are scarce in the Mediterranean area. We present the first case in the Iberian Peninsula where P. terraenovae was captured during autopsies in Madrid (Spain). In the corpse other nec- rophagous flies were found, Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps and Sarcopha- ga argyrostoma. To calculate the posmortem interval, the life cycle of P. ter- raenovae was studied at constant temperature, room laboratory and natural fluctuating conditions. The total developmental time was 16.61±0.09 days, 16.75±4.99 days in the two first cases. In natural conditions, developmental time varied between 31.22±0.07 days (average temperature: 15.6oC), 15.58±0.08 days (average temperature: 21.5oC) and 14.9±0.10 days (average temperature: 23.5oC). Forensic importance and the implications of other necrophagous Diptera presence is also discussed. Key words: Calliphoridae, forensic entomology, accumulated degrees days, fluctuating temperatures, competition, postmortem interval, Spain. Resumen: Las larvas de Protophormia terraenovae se encuentran con frecuen- cia asociadas a cadáveres en el centro y norte de Europa pero son raras en el área Mediterránea. Presentamos el primer caso en la Península Ibérica don- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales/Instituto Universitario CIBIO-Centro Iberoame- ricano de la Biodiversidad.
[Show full text]
Myiasis During Adventure Sports Race
DISPATCHES reexamined 1 day later and was found to be largely healed; Myiasis during the forming scar remained somewhat tender and itchy for 2 months. The maggot was sent to the Finnish Museum of Adventure Natural History, Helsinki, Finland, and identified as a third-stage larva of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Sports Race the New World screwworm fly. In addition to the New World screwworm fly, an important Old World species, Mikko Seppänen,* Anni Virolainen-Julkunen,*† Chrysoimya bezziana, is also found in tropical Africa and Iiro Kakko,‡ Pekka Vilkamaa,§ and Seppo Meri*† Asia. Travelers who have visited tropical areas may exhibit aggressive forms of obligatory myiases, in which the larvae Conclusions (maggots) invasively feed on living tissue. The risk of a Myiasis is the infestation of live humans and vertebrate traveler’s acquiring a screwworm infestation has been con- animals by fly larvae. These feed on a host’s dead or living sidered negligible, but with the increasing popularity of tissue and body fluids or on ingested food. In accidental or adventure sports and wildlife travel, this risk may need to facultative wound myiasis, the larvae feed on decaying tis- be reassessed. sue and do not generally invade the surrounding healthy tissue (1). Sterile facultative Lucilia larvae have even been used for wound debridement as “maggot therapy.” Myiasis Case Report is often perceived as harmless if no secondary infections In November 2001, a 41-year-old Finnish man, who are contracted. However, the obligatory myiases caused by was participating in an international adventure sports race more invasive species, like screwworms, may be fatal (2).
[Show full text]
An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects Entomology, Department of 4-2020 An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology Diana Gallagher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entodistmasters Part of the Entomology Commons This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Diana Gallagher Master’s Project for the M.S. in Entomology An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology April 2020 Introduction For my Master’s Degree Project, I have undertaken to compile an annotated bibliography of a selection of the current literature on archaeoentomology. While not exhaustive by any means, it is designed to cover the main topics of interest to entomologists and archaeologists working in this odd, dark corner at the intersection of these two disciplines. I have found many obscure works but some publications are not available without a trip to the Royal Society’s library in London or the expenditure of far more funds than I can justify. Still, the goal is to provide in one place, a list, as comprehensive as possible, of the scholarly literature available to a researcher in this area. The main categories are broad but cover the most important subareas of the discipline. Full books are far out-numbered by book chapters and journal articles, although Harry Kenward, well represented here, will be publishing a book in June of 2020 on archaeoentomology.
[Show full text]
Midsouth Entomologist 5: 39-53 ISSN: 1936-6019
Midsouth Entomologist 5: 39-53 ISSN: 1936-6019 www.midsouthentomologist.org.msstate.edu Research Article Insect Succession on Pig Carrion in North-Central Mississippi J. Goddard,1* D. Fleming,2 J. L. Seltzer,3 S. Anderson,4 C. Chesnut,5 M. Cook,6 E. L. Davis,7 B. Lyle,8 S. Miller,9 E.A. Sansevere,10 and W. Schubert11 1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, e-mail: [email protected] 2-11Students of EPP 4990/6990, “Forensic Entomology,” Mississippi State University, Spring 2012. 2272 Pellum Rd., Starkville, MS 39759, [email protected] 33636 Blackjack Rd., Starkville, MS 39759, [email protected] 4673 Conehatta St., Marion, MS 39342, [email protected] 52358 Hwy 182 West, Starkville, MS 39759, [email protected] 6101 Sandalwood Dr., Madison, MS 39110, [email protected] 72809 Hwy 80 East, Vicksburg, MS 39180, [email protected] 850102 Jonesboro Rd., Aberdeen, MS 39730, [email protected] 91067 Old West Point Rd., Starkville, MS 39759, [email protected] 10559 Sabine St., Memphis, TN 38117, [email protected] 11221 Oakwood Dr., Byhalia, MS 38611, [email protected] Received: 17-V-2012 Accepted: 16-VII-2012 Abstract: A freshly-euthanized 90 kg Yucatan mini pig, Sus scrofa domesticus, was placed outdoors on 21March 2012, at the Mississippi State University South Farm and two teams of students from the Forensic Entomology class were assigned to take daily (weekends excluded) environmental measurements and insect collections at each stage of decomposition until the end of the semester (42 days). Assessment of data from the pig revealed a successional pattern similar to that previously published – fresh, bloat, active decay, and advanced decay stages (the pig specimen never fully entered a dry stage before the semester ended).
[Show full text]
Enhancing Forensic Entomology Applications: Identification and Ecology
Enhancing forensic entomology applications: identification and ecology A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Sarah Victoria Louise Langer 2017 Environmental and Life Sciences M.Sc. Graduate Program September 2017 ABSTRACT Enhancing forensic entomology applications: identification and ecology Sarah Victoria Louise Langer The purpose of this thesis is to enhance forensic entomology applications through identifications and ecological research with samples collected in collaboration with the OPP and RCMP across Canada. For this, we focus on blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and present data collected from 2011-2013 from different terrestrial habitats to analyze morphology and species composition. Specifically, these data were used to: 1) enhance and simplify morphological identifications of two commonly caught forensically relevant species; Phormia regina and Protophormia terraenovae, using their frons-width to head- width ratio as an additional identifying feature where we found distinct measurements between species, and 2) to assess habitat specificity for urban and rural landscapes, and the scale of influence on species composition when comparing urban and rural habitats across all locations surveyed where we found an effect of urban habitat on blow fly species composition. These data help refine current forensic entomology applications by adding to the growing knowledge of distinguishing morphological features, and our understanding of habitat use by Canada’s blow fly species which may be used by other researchers or forensic practitioners. Keywords: Calliphoridae, Canada, Forensic Science, Morphology, Cytochrome Oxidase I, Distribution, Urban, Ecology, Entomology, Forensic Entomology ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Blow flies are among the most familiar of insects.
[Show full text]
Terry Whitworth 3707 96Th ST E, Tacoma, WA 98446
Terry Whitworth 3707 96th ST E, Tacoma, WA 98446 Washington State University E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Published in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Vol. 108 (3), 2006, pp 689–725 Websites blowflies.net and birdblowfly.com KEYS TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF BLOW FLIES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO UPDATES AND EDITS AS OF SPRING 2017 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................... 5 Separating families ....................................................................................................... 10 Key to subfamilies and genera of Calliphoridae ........................................................... 13 See Table 1 for page number for each species Table 1. Species in order they are discussed and comparison of names used in the current paper with names used by Hall (1948). Whitworth (2006) Hall (1948) Page Number Calliphorinae (18 species) .......................................................................................... 16 Bellardia bayeri Onesia townsendi ................................................... 18 Bellardia vulgaris Onesia bisetosa .....................................................
[Show full text]
Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and Compared Development of Protophormia Terraenovae (R.-D.) from Beringia and the Great Lakes Region
Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and Compared Development of Protophormia terraenovae (R.-D.) from Beringia and the Great Lakes Region By Katherine Rae-Anne Bygarski A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Applied Bioscience In The Faculty of Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology July 2012 © Katherine Bygarski, 2012 Certificate of Approval ii Copyright Agreement iii Abstract Forensic medicocriminal entomology is used in the estimation of post-mortem intervals in death investigations, by means of arthropod succession patterns and the development rates of individual insect species. The purpose of this research was to determine arthropod succession patterns in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, and compare the development rates of the dominant blowfly species (Protophormia terraenovae R.-D.) to another population collected in Oshawa, Ontario. Decomposition in Whitehorse occurred at a much slower rate than is expected for the summer season, and the singularly dominant blowfly species is not considered dominant or a primary colonizer in more southern regions. Development rates of P. terraenovae were determined for both fluctuating and two constant temperatures. Under natural fluctuating conditions, there was no significant difference in growth rate between studied biotypes. Results at repeated 10°C conditions varied, though neither biotype completed development indicating the published minimum development thresholds for this species are underestimated. Keywords: Forensic entomology, decomposition, Protophormia terraenovae, minimum development threshold. iv Acknowledgments This research would not have completed without the collaboration, assistance, guidance and support of so many people and organizations. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Helene LeBlanc for her supervision, support and advice throughout this project.
[Show full text]
Calliphoridae (Diptera) from Southeastern Argentinean Patagonia: Species Composition and Abundance
TrabC n8 25/7/04 6:35 PM Page 85 ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 63 (1-2): 85-91, 2004 85 Calliphoridae (Diptera) from Southeastern Argentinean Patagonia: Species Composition and Abundance SCHNACK, Juan A.* and Juan C. MARILUIS ** * División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque. 1900 La Plata, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] *Servicio de Vectores, ANLIS, Instituto Nacional de Microbiología “Dr. Carlos Malbrán”, Avda. Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] ■ ABSTRACT. Species composition and spatial and temporal numerical trends of blow flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) species from three southeastern Patagonia localities: Río Grande (53° 48’ S, 67° 36’ W) (province of Tierra del Fuego), Río Gallegos (51° 34’ S, 69° 14’ W) and Puerto Santa Cruz (50° 04’ S, 68° 27’ W) (province de Santa Cruz) were studied during November, De- cember (1997), and January and February (1998). Results showed remarka- ble differences of overall fly abundance and species relative importance at every sampling site; nevertheless, they shared a poor species representation (S ≤ 6). The cosmopolitan Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, the nearly worldwide Lucilia sericata (Meigen), and the native Compsomyiops fulvi- crura (Robineau-Desvoidy) prevailed over the remaining species. Records of Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy), a species indigenous to the Northern Hemisphere are noteworthy. KEY WORDS. Calliphoridae. Patagonia. Species Composition. Spatial and Temporal Numerical Trends. ■ RESUMEN. Calliphoridae (Diptera) del Sudeste de la Patagonia Argentina: Composición Específica y Abundancia. Se estudian la composición y las va- riaciones numéricas espacio-temporales de especies de Calliphoridae (Dipte- ra) de tres localidades del sudeste patagónico: Río Grande (53° 48’ S, 67° 36’ W) (provincia de Tierra del Fuego), Río Gallegos (51° 34’ S, 69° 14’ W) y Puerto Santa Cruz (50° 04’ S, 68° 27’ W) (provincia de Santa Cruz), a par- tir de muestreos realizados en noviembre, diciembre (1997), enero y febre- ro (1998).
[Show full text]
Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and Compared Development of Protophormia Terraenovae (R.-D.) from Beringia and the Great Lakes Region
Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and Compared Development of Protophormia terraenovae (R.-D.) from Beringia and the Great Lakes Region By Katherine Rae-Anne Bygarski A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Applied Bioscience In The Faculty of Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology July 2012 © Katherine Bygarski, 2012 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-92032-9 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-92032-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
[Show full text]