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Picturing the Thelon: Natures, Ethics, and Travel Within an Arctic Riverscape

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Picturing the Thelon: Natures, Ethics, and Travel Within an Arctic Riverscape Picturing the Thelon: Natures, Ethics, and Travel within an Arctic Riverscape by Bryan S. R. Grim wood A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2011 Bryan S. R. Grimwood Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-87769-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-87769-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Canada Picturing the Thelon ii ABSTRACT As a special and changing trans-regional waterway located in Arctic Canada, the Thelon River elicits multiple and often incommensurable perceptual visions (e.g., "homeland," "wilderness," "heritage," and "resource frontier"). This dissertation engages interdisciplinary literatures, diverse theoretical perspectives, and case study research to flesh out relational geographies of nature, ethics, and travel associated with the Thelon. Attention is directed to the touristic and inhabitant dimensions of the riverscape, specifically those enacted by wilderness canoeists and residents of the Inuit settlement Qamani 'tuaq (Baker Lake, Nunavut). The dissertation follows an "integrated article" format and consists of an introduction, five substantive chapters, and a conclusion/summary. Each substantive chapter is oriented by objectives relating to the broader instrumental research purpose, which is to enact (i.e., to understand, envision, and cultivate) relational ethics for and within the Thelon River watershed. This intention was designed to work with, and respond to, contemporary thinking in human geography, philosophy, and tourism studies that considers "nature" as the ongoing convergence of multiple social-ecological-cultural relations, an ontological position that challenges many conceptual and material foundations of (environmental) ethics. Descriptive, normative, and affective aspects of enacting relational ethics are interspersed throughout the text. Drawing on community-based, participatory, visual, and experiential research methods, I illuminate: the "natures of canoeing"; the Thelon River as a moral terrain; the expression of nature-culture values in and through different Arctic mobilities; and the various human and non-human traces within the riverscape that Picturing the Thelon iii suggest how practices of making and remaking the Thelon are manifestations of responsibility to and for others connected to personal and social-cultural identity. These suggestive and purposeful interpretations are the effect of "engaged acclimatization," a methodological vision of responsible research characterized by processes of relationship building, immersion, learning, and activism. Moreover, recurrent patterns and themes are synthesized and presented in the summation. Here, I argue that the enactment of relational ethics for and within the Thelon can be characterized by the interaction of five modes and/or attributes: place, perception, partnership, philosophy, and practice. Fostered by some of the limitations identified in the moments constituting this dissertation, ongoing and anticipated future research is also discussed. Picturing the Thelon iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation has been possible because of the supportive contributions of my research advisory committee. As the primary supervisor throughout my PhD studies, Dr. Nancy Doubleday has encouraged me to engage as a compassionate researcher and to build relationships for positive transformation. Her trust in my abilities, her dependability, and her acute awareness amid complexity are traits that I hope to model as a student supervisor. Thanks to Drs. Claudio Aporta and Doug King for their guidance and leadership as co-supervisors, and to Drs. David Fennell and Fiona Mackenzie for their consistent intellectual inspiration. Dr. Gita Ljubicic has been an influential adviser who often assumed supervisory-like responsibilities. Her mentorship in the field, in the classroom, and in the preparation of this manuscript has been exceptionally valuable. This research benefited from the generous funding support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the International Polar Year (PPS Arctic), Carleton University and the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, the Northern Student Training Program, and Tourism Cares. In-kind support was provided by First Air, the Canadian Canoe Museum, and Dr. Bob Henderson. This dissertation has also benefited from the feedback of various journal editors, conference session organizers, and discussants. Thanks to Drs. Erin Sharpe, Heather Mair, Dawn Trussell, Bryan Smale, Andrew Holden, David Fennell, Heather Castleden, Monica Mulrennan, Anne Godlewska, Sarah de Leeuw, Caroline Desbien, Emilie Cameron, and Leila Harris. Carleton's Department of Geography and Environmental Studies and Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs are acknowledged for providing a healthy and motivating environment to carry out this research. Natalie Pressburger was a delight to Picturing the Thelon v work with and deserves more gratitude than an annual bottle of wine can express. Thanks also to DGES Chair Dr. Michael Brklacich, Graduate Studies Chairs Drs. Doug King and Fran Klodawsky, Elsie Clement, Judy Eddy, Judy Donaldson, and Drs. Michael Pisaric and Chris Burn for assisting with NSTP applications. Fellow DGES Graduate Students, and the brilliant Jessica Dunkin and Brendan Haley, were exceptional colleagues to study with and ensured that conversations stayed lively. Thanks also to Morgan Ip, Shawn Donaldson, Kelly Karpala, and Carmelle Sullivan. Vera Avaala was my mentor, guide, and closest friend in Baker Lake. This research would not have been as meaningful to me personally without her willingness to share her stories, knowledge, home, and love. Ma'na. I miss you. I am also indebted to Alex Hall of Canoe Arctic Inc., who sorted through my jargon to find value in a proposed research project and contribute his energies and extensive knowledge of the Thelon. David Pelly was also an important source of information and encouragement. My utmost gratitude goes to the Thelon River canoeists and the residents of Baker Lake that participated in the research. Their enthusiasm to share insights, experiences, and memories made this project come alive. I am thankful for the time spent together within the riverscape, be it in our minds or on the water or land. For their kindness, I am indebted to the students of the Nunavut Teacher's Education Program in Baker Lake, and to Kiah Hachey, Hilu Tagoona, Joan Scottie, John Avaala, Sue Maclssac, Patsy Attungala, Valerie Pudnak, Andy Parker, Eva Noah, Tammy Mansbridge, and David Ford and the staff at the Jessie Oonark Gallery. I appreciate the support received from various community organizations in Baker Lake, including Qillautimiut, the Hamlet Office, the Hunters and Trappers' Organization, the Itsarnitaqarvik Inuit Heritage Centre, Picturing the Thelon vi and the Nunavut Arctic College. Thanks also to the Nunavut Research Institute for coordinating the research licensing process, and to Percy Tutannuaq and the Innirvik Support Services who provided excellent translation for community research reports. Not a day passes that I overlook the privilege of living with the unwavering encouragement, patience, care, and love of my family. The values and any wisdom resonating within these pages is directly linked to the lessons learned from my Mom and Dad, Jonathan, Ann-Christine, Bert, and Jayne. Thank you all for the constancy of your support, which has enabled me to explore new horizons. My wife, Kate, has been an extraordinarily gracious and effective listener, reader, and sounding board. She has inspired new ideas and clarity, and has
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