i i i i West Bohemian Historical Review V j 2015 j 2 “Whose realm, his law”. The Austrian Repression of Italian Nationalist Movement under the Reign of Francis I (1815–1835) Michal Chvojka Department of Historical Sciences and Central-European Studies Philosophical Faculty, University of Ss. Cyrill and Methodius in Trnava Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava Slovakia
[email protected] The Austrian Empire and the Italian Question Italian “Carbonari”1 represented a highly branched secret organiza- tion striving first to overthrow the French occupation of Italy at the 1 There is a considerable number of studies and monographs dealing with Car- bonari and their struggle for Italian independence and against the Austrian supremacy. See for instance G. BERTI – F. della PERUTA (eds.), La nascita della nazione. La Carboneria. Intrecci veneti, nazionali e internazionali, Rovigo 2002; R. U. MONTINI – A. ZANIBONI, I processi Spielberghianni. I fogli matricolari dello Spiel- berg, Roma 1937; A. ZORZI, Österreichs Venedig. Das letzte Kapitel der Fremdherr- schaft 1798–1866, Düsseldorf 1990; D. LAVEN, Venice and Venetia under the Habs- burgs (1815–1835), Oxford 2002; F. PESENDORFER, Eiserne Krone und Doppelad- ler. Lombardo – Venetien 1814–1866, Wien 1992, pp. 160–161; D. UHLÍR,ˇ Moravská epizoda v dˇejináchitalské karbonerie, in: Nový Mars Moravicus, Brno 1999, pp. 366–367; H. REINALTER, Der Geheimbund der Carbonari, in: K. BRANDSTAT- TER – J. HORMANN (eds.), Tirol – Österreich – Italien, Innsbruck 2005, pp. 571– 43 i i i i i i i i West Bohemian Historical Review V j 2015 j 2 turn of the 18th and 19th century. In the beginning, they were not cen- trally organized and existed in different branches.