Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. eaErfanzadeh Reza species different regions to semiarid relation in in characteristics bank Soil hc eedffrn ncmoiinfo edbnso h pnmti Dee n se,21) This 2011). microclimate suitable Esler, providing and and (Dreber trapping matrix seed in open the canopy of of their ability banks the beneath al., by seed SSBs et induced diverse from Marone are L´azaro, density and 2000; composition effect and SSB large in significant (Pugnaire reports accumulated different areas some shrubs surrounding were particularly, to the which According sites, than characteristics. overgrazing shrubs SSB In the change 2004). under to higher able vegetation much are existing was shrubs replace regions, community can that semiarid any soil In in of Denboba, buried parts and degraded. functional (Mohammed are non-mature important lands they as degraded most SSBs when rehabilitating by the identified of of production process (1989) the one Bakker seed in is 2020). increasing components it significant or be since, can seeds 2016). Funk important, and 2018; al., trapping is al., et SSB by et Mussa on (Niknam canopies (Garc´ıa-S´anchez 2012; (SSB) Study their environment bank al., seed the under et habitat soil ameliorating SSB the on through affect increase et and influences (Garc´ıa They sub-canopy 2019) Ruiz al., significant yields 2019). et sediment have al., Lu 2017). and 2016; they et al., runoff al., enhance et 2018), et alter since, Keesstra al., 2019), (Lortie et 2013; islands, (Chandregowda al., al., ecosystem functions Calder´on fertile et microbial an (Armenta soil as of increase colonization described to mycorrhizal shrubs functioning shown was foundation been and ecology called have as Shrubs in structure function frequently conditions. species the shrubs been foundation and on A has globe impacts the significant It 2015). of Williams, with area and species land (Yang as the ecosystems of these 36% within occupy species ecosystems semi-arid and Arid richness. and of diversity restoration species sites the and degraded reservoir in in SSB considered Introduction cover herbaceous stellata be in E. to role of advised prominent extension the are the its on SSB and to also Planting revealed on due but priority study regions. shrubs shrubs, of semiarid of This of in presence be species control. and shrubs the could different of and richness on of planting shrubs depend Species through roles only other areas different m2). not the degraded These did per under was characteristics seeds shrub. than SSB SSB (110 SSB of stellata affected the vegetation vegetation E. species of their which herbaceous density under and to in the greater extent lowest sampled that significantly the and showed were was that results m2) proximity, SSB The per the close seeds determined. of in were (1133 diversity (control) depth scoparia scoparia, cm patch A. (Amygdalus 0-10 under herbaceous species at shrub highest a diversity in potential three and (SSB) their and containing evaluated richness bank each stellata) and seed species sites, density, characteristics Ebenus soil Fifteen SSB the and projects. on of restoration mezereum species composition rangeland shrub the in dominant on use three shrubs possible of of their role species for the different determined of We effects regions. the semiarid about available is information Little Abstract 2020 6, May Organization Extension 2 1 aua eore eatet aadrnArclueRsac,Euainand Education Research, Agriculture Mazandaran Department, Resources Natural University Modares Tarbiat 1 abbhHadinezhad Mahbubeh , 1 n asnGhelichnia Hassan and , 1 2 Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. risaeatatv obrswt orsligileet Mzffra,21) hsseisi on globally found is species ingested, Nevertheless, This if 2012). animals. humans (Mozaffarian, grazing to effects for poisonous ill unpalatable are resulting is plant no shrub this with this of Therefore, parts to All attractive bark. It are tall. wide. and m cm sap stem. 1.5 0.5 fruits, main to and the single-elongate grows long especially a typically cm having that 2012). 1.5 m, (Mozaffarian, habit to July bushy 6 1 of to are end up and . the B) of drupes of at palatability height are dehiscent the high Fruits a and from and ripened to branches. fruits oil are grows green shade, the They that its and of to shrub long due use numerous large animals produces and grazing a extraction for attractive is The is It plant countries. The neighbouring 2016). its al., and Iran central scoparia of parts vegetation many herbaceous surrounding with A) together with accompany shrubs selected: reservoir were three SSB SSB control) as Thereupon, richer called and use potential (hereafter larger potential grazing. higher the with have their for quantify associated which thus palatability that to and species shrubs higher conducted them shrub firstly with was restoring identify associated to consider study of secondly, important SSB helps this is and the restoration that Therefore, it enhance potential and Therefore, to important 2016). soil shrubs restoration. the al., for of of bare et one species revegetating found different (Shang during been herbaceous of sites ha) has potential average Therefore, degraded per empty SSB The created of goats priority. and 2016). a and/or restoration soil is sheep the asl. al., plants exposed of native et partly m using heads to (Gravand 2200 sites four led AGV degraded have is (ca. drought the altitude area recently in with the on average together gaps in based The grazing grazers climate Intensive dominant semiarid year. 1). the a the are has goats which (Fig. and mm, E) Sheep 250 23” is 01’ rainfall average 54deg (30 the index. Iran - and Domarten province, 17.5degC E Yazd is 16” Chenarnaz, temperature of 00’ annual rangelands 53deg the N; in 89” conducted was study This area of Study canopy the under Methods SSB and of Materials diversity and richness than species higher and be with density would i.e. facilitation shrubs the higher dominant selected, in that have three were study, hypothesized species shrubs We this canopy shrub procumbent In the canopies. different and in free dwarf of zereum and architectures stem that potentials and erect supposed different features planting with We by different comparing know sites seeds SSB. to trap degraded through to us in recovery ability activities to plant restoration important herbaceous the is starting of is it Before effect goals. Unfortunately, shrubs, this restoration architectures. native whether for and Iran and features in crown SSB (e.g. and gelands different through characte- shrubs recover with plants exotic can SSB shrubs of other species affect of planting shrub they of species these diversity that different whether and supposed between know different we abundance to characteristics. traits, the need SSB canopy sub-canopy we facilitate their on perspective, consistently shrubs in restoration of different In species of differently. were dominant ristics, effect shrubs three the of selected effect the compared the Since has compared regions. we studies characteristics, study, semiarid SSB the this in alter In of SSBs may supposed none on shrubs production be shrubs that of seed can of showed species differently it different species review affect Therefore, result, different could literature others. a different and in our As sub-canopy. seeds However, open Nevertheless, some their trapping differently. and 2014). and in some in stems species al., in performances raised smaller dense have different et by is have species (Erfanzadeh canopy may shrub The Some shrubs species ground. architectures. that plant canopy the their to other in attached different by are are production shrubs of seed species for conditions and ahemezereum Daphne mgau scoparia Amygdalus ihsnl-lnae ansesand, stems main single-elongated with so neetdet hi at cd opsto hti oprbet hs foieol(oke et (Sorkheh oil olive of those to comparable is that composition acids fatty their to due interest of is .scoparia A. .(hmleca aiy saruddurgtdcdossrbwt neetand erect an with shrub deciduous rounded-upright a is family) ( L. pc Rsca aiy sawl pce famn htocpe ag ra in areas large occupies that almond of species wild a is family) (Rosaceae Spach tilxcanescens Atriplex and .mezereum D. bnsstellata Ebenus a enetnieyocre nai n eirdran- semiarid and arid in occurred extensively been has ) . 2 ihpoubn aoyadmlil stems. multiple and canopy procumbent with mgau scoparia Amygdalus ° 3 1 0e 05’ 30deg - N 51” 03’ and aheme- Daphne .stellata E. 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Past the sample. using that calculated in were SSB indices in diversity species The plant all of germinants all of n Where ln pce admyslce rma nentl ag omnt.TeSmsnidxwscalculated was index two Simpson for S The taxa is 2015). 2 different ecology al., Equation community. to in et large belonging (Chernov used indefinitely frequently 2 of an probability equation index from diversity the the Another from selected as determined randomly 2015). frequently al., species is et plant which (Chernov index, sample Simpson that the in SSB in species the p as Where to Shannon referred The = sometimes H’ is under-shrub. 1 it communities; Equation individual of each diversity 1). for the (Equation characterize calculated to index were used Shannon-Wiener frequently indices most diversity is species index richness. m SSB SSB as addition, per considered In seeds was of sample soil number each the breaking. for data, dormancy species for seed greenhouse dry help to the to left Using month were measurements one trays characteristics another the bank for Therefore, reirrigated seed emerged. were Soil were samples further seedlings the allow further then to no and months, pots weeks seven to two of transplanted period were were a identified seedlings After be The not possible. week. could was every that identification trays between Seedlings until the growth placed level. from randomly removed species were and to counted material identified were sterile The seedlings only contamination. trays. germinated (Niknam containing seed day Identifiable the for trays second light in test every control natural thickness sterilised irrigated to six with The and the trays addition, ) greenhouse in sample total). In degC the in cm the 26 trays in 2 2018). and (60 benches maximum degC al., cm 15 was on cold 35 et between layer randomly for x (varied soil distributed cm conditions oC evenly collected 25 temperature and 5 each distributed field of and to for labelled was trays the were oC sample pooled the and trays 4 in soil were cm sand germination at each subsamples 3 Subsequently, and stored the was soil were days. then layer potting samples 25 and soil sterilised of soil of auger two the period mix each diameter any a Then, a cm beneath over between for 5 collected). site, 2011) distance were a sampling (Dreber, The samples with each stratification soil cm, In 60 10 2). ( (totally autocorrelation. of patch litter depth spatial (Fig. coarse a exclude were other removing area to to sites control each collected, after m sampling herbaceous (patch), to 100 a fifteen individual proximity least with survey, shrub at close together field dispersion. was shrubs in a seed sites of canopies) and After sampling species season shrub three growing seeds. the the the containing persistent of (outside site ending and each the transient selected, after contained randomly autumn SSB early open the the is in Thus, structure 2). collected canopy were (Fig. The samples 2012) Soil (Mozaffarian, India). experiments livestock to greenhouse graze Iran dry to and and some difficult sampling and Oman is Soil provinces is it species Hormozgan range that This and branches native Fars flakes. thorny (its Esfahan, silk compact world Yazd, dense with Kerman, of with including regions covered Iran semi-dry and of and alternate part are large that in leaves Iran. grows ternate central the and branches in oblong-leafy located provinces the in C) and, areas semi-dry and dry in bnsstellata Ebenus i i sterltv bnac fSBo h t pce nasi ape n stenme fdetected of number the is S and sample, soil a in species ith the of SSB of abundance relative the is steidvda ubro ahpatseisi h S nasml,adNi h oa number total the is N and sample, a in SSB the in species plant each of number individual the is I = P P i s =1 i s os.(aaeefml)i hrysrbwt egto 010c,hvn hr and short having cm, 30-120 of height a with shrub thorny a is family) (Fabaceae Boiss. =1 ni N ilgpi log pi ( ( N ni − − 1) 1) 3 > 2 a acltd(S est)adtenme of number the and density) (SSB calculated was m 0si oe sbape)wr randomly were (subsamples) cores soil 10 cm) 2 Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. nadto,tema ufc fsrbcnpe ngon a a . m 7.5 Discussion with ca. comparing was m ground 3.5 respectively on ca. canopies with height shrub mean (8%) of control mezerum surface the in D. mean observed scoparia, was the lowest P addition, the and and In 15.11 19%) to = (18% F shrubs 3, P three = and under (df 5.02 found of were = canopy AGV F under and 3, found SSB = were (df indices respectively diversity beneath P (0.44), Simpson observed control and were of values index 6.41 lowest diversity = and Shannon-Wiener highest F of values 3, lowest = and of highest (df under the respectively observed that samples), showed were results per SSB species of (3.13 number control under species found lowest were densities and SSB highest of values /m lowest and seeds species, highest (1133 1). shrubs the (9 that (Appendix the Poaceae showed respectively results under ANOVA species), species), characteristics The total total bank of of seed 13.43% 17.91% soil species, species, of (9 Variation (12 Lamiacea and Asteraceae species) to of total seeds belonged of germinated SSB 13.43% The in of patches. species seeds four while observed in greenhouse belonging common the seedlings were species, in 910 they observed 12 samples: while were soil 1). There SSB in in (Appendix (control). in species germinated SSB present 45 were the were to families) in (22 absent belonging species while in species 55 AGV species 67 AGV. 28 the of to and in seedlings present SSB 2316 were total, the species In in 53 found and AGV were the species in 118 absent of total A composition bank seed Soil were analyses statistical All 16. Results species used. ver. shrub were test. software of tests SPSS Levene’s effect comparison the the mean using evaluate in LSD To variance and performed ANOVA distribution. of and one-way normal homogeneity AGV properties the and SSB meet between toto on similarity test transformed and Kolmogorov-Smirnov was indices density the seed diversity Total using richness, examined species density, was (SSB SSB) data of shrub normality individual Firstly, each of height the analysis and statistical ground Data on the shrubs in our measure. only of tape SSB. found surface metal the species canopy using of in mean number only the the estimated found A, also species SSB, We of and number AGV the between B, common and species number AGV the is C Where 3. similarity a equation Jaccard using place 3IS the patch to using Equation Qualitative each assessed possible was analyses. in not SSB the 1994) the was in Coker and AGV it and AGV for the because (Kent data of index estimated presence-absence composition patches used not the species we was of the and each between AGV similarity within shrubs the species the plant of beneath all frame abundance of sampling presence Species the SSB. recorded for we season, sampled growth the during addition, In .stellata E. j n oto ih10 n .3 epciey(f=3 .2adP and 3.32 = F 3, = (df respectively 0.83, and 1.06 with control and = 2 .scoparia A. n oto 10ses/m seeds (110 control and ) h ( C + C A and + B < ) .stellata E. .1 Fg 6). (Fig. 0.01) i .stellata E. ac,61selnsblnigt 0seisin species 30 to belonging seedlings 661 patch, × 100 ac n 0 edig eogn o2 pce nhraeu patch herbaceous in species 23 to belonging seedlings 108 and patch epciey n mns he shrubs, three amongst and respectively, , .mezereum D. 2 .mezerum D. ,rsetvl d ,F=35 n p and 3.56 = F 3, = (df respectively ), < .1 Fg ) h ihs auso iiaiybetween similarity of values highest The 5). (Fig. 0.01) 4 and and .stellata E. .stellata E. .stellata E. huswr beti h S.Most SSB. the in absent were shrubs < .mezereum D. ihc.26 n a .3m, 1.83 ca. and m 2.60 ca. with .1 Fg ) nadto,the addition, In 4). (Fig. 0.01) 82 pce e ape)and samples) per species (8.26 2 . m 5.5 , .scoparia A. .stellata E. .scoparia A. < 2 < .5 Fg ) The 5). (Fig. 0.05) .5 Fg ) The 3). (Fig. 0.05) n .0m 4.00 and ac,67seedlings 637 patch, a h highest the had 07)adthe and (0.75) .scoparia A. hu was shrub 2 for A. Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iest n ihesi S.Orrslssoe htteseso ayseiswr on under found were species many of seeds the that showed results Our were SSB. annuals in some in richness of ground the and seeds to diversity in The cover crown canopy attached larger plants. that in and be by canopy taller procumbent production shrubs, However, seed other under . frequent the higher evapotranspiration 2000) strong to lower through Lazaro, at comparing or density found result, and 2015), SSB a annuals (Pugnaire by al., As increase particularly seeds et production, might 2019). seed of (Zhang al., for nutrients microclimate arrival et favourable soil radiation a (Filazzola the solar creating higher more 2013) impact Gutschick, have intercept and can could 2005), (Kidron shrubs Larger shrub Cortina, effects. a and facilitative greater (Maestre of provide can size density shrubs SSB larger the increasing because that in observed Wall, showed were and Sylvain characteristics studies of 2011; SSB canopy al., on the et shrubs into Li under different matter 2009; of al., organic effects et different adding Olvera-Carrillo However, and 2009; 2012). direct al., erosion al., et decreasing from et Barness micro-relief, soil Garcia-Sanchez 2008; soil 2011; al., surface improving et the exudation, or (Ruiz physical protecting root soil the production conditions and the moisture, modifying seed suitable litter through soil a increase with canopies increasing provide their soil to sunlight, Shrubs under Additionally, of able plants 2000). properties herbaceous are chemical Lazaro, 2018). of seed that and and seeding al., for facilitate plants (Pugnaire and cache et flowering indirectly seeds the (Vergara-Torres as growing, can produced facilitating ants for or of Shrubs by 1994) and vigority Isenmann, SSB 2010) and Shrubs 2013). thus and increase Wall, viability (Debussche al., and indirectly der birds 2013). et 2013) van can seed-carrying al., (Giladi al., and shrubs for movement et et site (Beck for perching (Hoffman rodents Giladi barrier a canopy granivorous 2004; as mechanisms as their Moy, acting indirect act around by by and or water arrival or (Bullock direct seeds or seeds through trap species trapping wind exerted movement directly can plant are by the SSB or soil and on influence 2014) positively animal in shrubs significantly by al., seeds of and intermediary associated et effects buried plants an Positive Erfanzadeh less increase woody were through 2020). They (e.g. al., grasses under studies ways. et of previous higher indirect Mndela density some and often (e.g. seed with were others consistent Marone the with forbs are whereas (e.g. disagree results of vegetation, studies Our was density woody Previous shrubs vegetation. of seed the woody forbs. cover the under for the diversity that pronounced with and showed more richness correlated was 2004) species differentiation and al., be this density eventually et SSB and will the control and plants that than predations showed these higher of study provided, amount this not 2009). woody general, higher of are al., In the dormancy et conditions seeds, seed (Chaideftou these breaking the SSB if that in of in the shown and from species size species have removed conditions woody woody larger studies of Some special because the richness reason requires include 2011). and the al., plants could density be et These the (Esmailzadeh cannot reducing dormancy area. this SSB in study, seed the an involved the our in are in in in in species Although, factors SSB AGV, species woody Many species the greenhouse. the of these frequent. of lack the in of were the number in species seeds AGV attributed found mature highest the the (2009) scarcely of the increasing al. were lack for had et shrubs) the reason Chaideftou forbs to and (2011), and a that (trees (1997) al. be species Granstrom reported et might plant and (2012) Bertiller AGV Teketay woody study, the contrast, our al. in In of et forbs SSB. results Tessema of the number and with Higher (2011) accordance SSB. In number al. beneath that beneath area. et showed species species study Parlak results 5 the 17 and Our et in and 5 Hong respectively) 24 composition. 7, 1977; control, (6, SSB 27, (Harper, grasses shape, the (33, SSB than production wing in the higher respectively) seed and plants in control, was abundant size abundant seeds al., species the their most seed et forb is of the small Gomaa presence of SSB were with the Forbs in Asteraceae (e.g. for plants 2012). of conditions SSB these provide al., Aster- Species the of dispersal to in increase seeds. easy belonged present the and the species light widely for of of also reasons characteristics number were possible morphological highest plants the and the these of SSB, One that in showed 2012). families studies plant Previous 22 among aceae. that showed results Our .scoparia A. .scoparia A. n pce ihesaddvriyudrtecnp of canopy the under diversity and richness species and .stellata E. i.e. , .stellata E. ih nraeseisdvriyadrcns fSB tmight It SSB. of richness and diversity species increase might rmstectorum Bromus 5 hsclyosrc oesesadehnespecies enhance and seeds more obstruct physically .stellata E. .stellata E. , aimaparine Galium , , .mezareum D. .mezareum D. and .stellata. E. , eoiaanagalis Veronica , .scoparia A. .scoparia A. .scoparia A. Previous and and E. Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. hietuE hnsC,BrmirE almnsA ioolsP 09 edBn opsto and Greece). Composition (NW Bank Forests Seed Oak sub-Mediterranean 2009. P. in Dimopoulos Grazing A, to Ecology Kallimanis Response E, in Vegetation Bergmeier dispersal. Above-Ground CA, with interference Thanos inter-specific E, Argentina. Chaideftou traps: Monte, seed Patagonian as Plants the in 2004. 25 IL. Study Moy Case JM, A Crusts Bullock Biological Affect Shrublands? Negatively Arid Paths Grazing in Management Along Banks Selectivity Environmental Sheep Seed Does environments. Soil 2011. arid and J. in Ares rodents B, scatter-hoarding M Bertiller by dispersal Seed 2010. Ecology SB. community Wall of system. microbial der desert soil van a a MJ, of in Beck distribution adaptation Vertical pp. ecophysiological 2009. plant Diego.462 Y. by San Steinberger affected I, Inc. as Shmueli Press, SR, Academic Zaragoza G, Banks. Barness Seed Soil of myc- Ecology plants. Arbuscular Desert HG.1989. Bakker Sonoran 2019. in A. Ochoa-Meza aggregation soil E, and Gomez :42-53. Furrazola content SF, carbon second Moreno-Salazar orrhiza, as AD, shrub Calderon this Armenta of planting through site degraded References of is recovery increase of for diversity canopy considered plant the if be priority. sites may under degraded density uses endemic of of grazing SSB restoration conservation and highest and, through However, improvement areas different rangeland priority. of These for restoration of Although, shrub. However, priority in of of considered regions. canopies. species be be the semiarid can their to on the under advised dependent are in seeds temporal is SSB shrubs species characteristics shrubs, its on that SSB herbaceous and shrubs showed affects of of SSB study shrubs roles This reserving the which of efforts. in habitat to restoration to Knowledge extent role and lead the important conservation may area. for an This the tool played grazing. of useful over overall, a part as is some such variation activities in spatial their human and destruction from ended vegetation suffers and and area degradation study dried present and or the temperature in grazed AGV radiation, be solar might or shrubs. AGV grazers AGV of to the canopies the Conclusions availability in the in absent higher under annuals while to with shrubs comparing due some the speed control time, under wind the AGV 1997). sampling in the al., the stages in et perennial, At present phenological (Thompson were were bank species species control. these These seed of of transient shrubs. Most their three was (e.g. AGV. as under for as SSB the versa such and well-known some such in the annuals are vice that present and species, some ones, and were fact AGV shrubby Moreover many they bank, the the while especially area, between to seed bank these, similarity this low due seed the and the the In The usually from However, from is absent absent control. 2016). control. were studies were and al., the other they et shrubs in and while Erfanzadeh three lowest our vegetation, 2014; in al., in the low et SSB in generally Valkoa the was present AGV and were the AGV species shrubs. and between the diversity bank between and seed similarity richness the species density, between of SSB Similarity effect of direct differences and significant annuals) these (some resulted species plant species few of production seed , stellata rgpgnjezdianus Tragopogon :35-41. 201 hl hywr beti oto rudrohrsrb,e.g. shrubs, other under or control in absent were they while , 98 255-265. : :1300-1309. and inhsorientalis Dianthus 92 :2091-2096. rmstectorum Bromus .stellata E. , inhscrinitus Tianthus and 6 a o ritreit aaaiiyfrgaes it grazers, for palatability intermediate or low a has aimaparine Galium cnhlmnscorpius Acantholimon .scoparia A. rey nieteetof effect indirect Briefly, . irba Ecology Microbial .stellata E. oyou dumosum Polygonum eefudi h S ncontrol in SSB the in found were pns ora fSi Science Soil of Journal Spanish ihisptnili medicinal in potential its with nse rpigo many of trapping seed on and 57 :36-49. bnsstellata Ebenus caOecologica Acta .scoparia A. , o sinaica Poa ora of Journal Journal Plant on 9 , Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. etM oe .19.Vgtto ecito n nlss rcia prah ie,Cihse.UK. Chichester. Wiley, approach. practical A analysis. and A. description Vegetation Cerda orchards. 1994. A, apricot P. Vegetation Jordan Coker in Wetland M, L, erosion Kent Parras-Alcantara water Restoring soil C, for on Azorin-Molina Techniques techniques EC, management Bank Environment soil Brevik Seed of A, Soil Effects Novara P, 2016. 2012. Pereira S, Y. Keesstra Zhang sediment G, on vegetation Wetland. Shi Yeyahu woody in Sh, and Diversity Liu annual of J, effects Hong Small-scale 2013. conditions. BR. field pp.83-110. under Boeken Ny, displacement H, Press, Yizhaq Academic O, Plant. Hoffman of of Biology structure Papulation the 1997. of JV. Investigation Harper 2016. AR. Iran Ahmadi of Saudi. A, dual Ecosystems Avoili Egypt. K, of landscape: atlantica Ahmadi Desert cia semi-arid SM, Eastern a Hosseini the of J, in Gravand Habitats flow Different in seed Bank herbaceous Seed Sciences and Soil Biological Shrubs 2012. NH, barrier. Gomaa 2013. and trap ED. as Ungar shrubs of M, functioning Segoli ecosystem. I, semiarid Giladi Mexican a of Manuel fertility A, soil Romero-Manzanares and M, Luna-Cavazos 2012. E, N. Garcia-Moya Montano SL, Camargo-Ricalde landscapes: R, Mediterranean Garcia-Sanchez in Erosion patchy challenges. semiarid 2013. S. in future Begueria bank and N, seed changes Lana-Renault on E, drought Nadal-Romero and JM, grazing Garcia-Ruiz of Effect Argentina. Above-Ground Patagonia, 2019. northern and RA. of Distel Bank G, rangelands Peter Seed A, Loydi Soil FA, Funk Between Iran. Northern Relationship in Forest 2011. Temperate Technology M. Mixed-deciduous Tabari a of S, bank Vegetation seed Hosseini soil O, the from Esmailzadeh flora preserving Iran. in northern patches in plant of habitat 16 Role high-mountain overgrazed 2014. an H. Zali in Iran. R, northern Shahbazian of R, Erfanzadeh grasslands sub-alpine vegetation aboveground in on removal composition grazing of bank :309-320. Effect seed 2016. soil J. Karoo? Petillon Nama and H, the Ghelichnia of P, Kamali rangelands R, arid Erfanzadeh in banks seed soil quantify to Assessment best Monitoring How Namibia, 2011. Arid N. Regimes in Grazing Dreber Contrasting Rainfall under Seasonal Banks Mediter- Seed High patchy Soil and in in Variation Low Spatial-Temporal Following establishment 2011. seedling KJ. Esler and N, Dreber rain seed -dispersed vegetation. 1994. ranean P. Isenmann characterization the M, analysis. for meta-genomic Debussche indices by diversity community of prokaryotic Assessment multi- soil 2015. and the OV. Kutovaya of functions AK, microbial Tkhakakhova I, soil T ecosystem. increase Chernov grazing shrubs semi-arid Woody tropical 2018. a S. in Bagchi functionality K, Murthy MH, Chandregowda :229-238 2 assi nlsdadnnecoe ra PoetdRgo fBg hdi Yazd). in Shad Bagh of Region (Protected areas non-enclosed and enclosed in masses 551 :399-409. :357-366 rspslaevigata Prosopis 19 Oikos 7 :89-102. :211-220. 173 69 :813–824. :414-426. clgclEngineering Ecological Geomorphology Catena and ioabiuncifera Mimosa ora fEcology of Journal 109 nentoa ora fPatSciences Plant of Journal International 198 :157-163. eit eBooi Tropical Biologia de Revista :20-36 5 7 192-202. : ora fAi Environments Arid of Journal ora fArclua cecsadTechnology and Sciences Agricultural of Journal Lgmnse,jityiflec ln diversity plant influence jointly (Leguminosae), ora fAi Environments Arid of Journal 101 uainSi Science Soil Eurasian :97-106. ora fArclua cec and Science Agricultural of Journal ln clg n Diversity and Ecology Plant 60 :87-103 48 180 155 cec fteTotal the of Science :410-415. :337-344 :65-72. 13 Environmental :174-184. ora of Journal Natural Pista- 9 Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. irnG,GtcikV.21.Si osuecreae ihsrbgasascaini h Chihuahuan the in association shrub–grass with correlates moisture Soil 2013. Desert. VP. Gutschick GJ, Kidron oamdS,DnoaM.22.Suyo olse ak ne-lsrsfrrsoaino degraded of restoration for ex-closures in banks source seed reliable soil Ethiopia. a of of Valley Africa? bank Study Rift central seed South the 2020. soil in of MA. lands the Denboba rangelands Is SA, semi-arid Mohammed Desert 2020. bush-cleared Over S. Composition of Dube Bank restoration :1.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0204-6. F, Seed Nherera-Chokuda Soil passive CI, for 2004. Madakadze J. M, Casenave size, Mndela de shrub Mechanisms, Lopez of Plausible FA, effects and Milesi Patterns VR, steppes: Microhabitats, occurrence. semi-arid Cueto and richness Mediterranean L, understorey in Marone on shrubs identity Remnant species region. mosaic- and of 2005. crisscross factors Effects erosion J. abiotic 2019. wind-water Cortina GL. Wua a FT, J, in and Zhenga Maestre ZJ, yield facilitation Wang sediment BR, plant Liu and H, effect: runoff Hea Y, :199-205. on Groot Liu patches The Z, Huang shrub C, pattern 2017. Jia Evolution. YF, M. and Liu Westphal R, Ecology T, Lu damage. Noble extensive by following A, induced regrowth scales Filazzola shrub fine E, desert at Gruber properties chemical CJ, soil Lortie of heterogeneity Spatial 2011. J. Ma ammodendron Y, Li C, Li eea ,GasrmA 97 edVaiiyo footn reSeisi oetSoils. Forest in Species Tree Afromontane of planet. Viability changing Seed a for 1997. Ecology implications Tropical A. Granstrom vegetation: D, and Teketay biodiversity soil Botany Linking of composition. Journal 2011. American and DH. content Wall ( oil ZA, almond its Sylvain Wild of variability above- the 2016. with relation on A. its Studies Sofo and future: bank S, seed meadow. Kiani Soil alpine K, 2016. of Sorkheh RJ. gradients Long degraded LM, the Ding along JJ, around vegetation Shi islands YL, ground Wang Fertility SH, Yang ZH, Shang 2008. environment: RF. semi-arid a Cerrato in SR, Botany hollianus composition Zaragoza of species Annals TG, understorey rainfall. Ruiz and and bank age shrub Lands Seed of Grazing 2000. effect in Vegetation the R. Aboveground Lazaro and F, Bank Pugnaire Seed Soil Turkey. 2011. Marmara, HC. Southern Demiray of A, Gokkus AO, Parlak Orozco- of P, germination Huante field on VL, seeds. heterogeneity Barradas environmental Opuntioideae) of J, Effect Cushion Marquez-Guzman under 2009. ME, A. Bank Sanchez-Coronado Segovia Seed I, Soil Mendez of Y, Variation Olvera-Carrillo Spatial Grassland. Degraded 2018. along Subalpine A. properties a Cerda phsico-chemical in H, soil Plants Ghelichnia on R, species Erfanzadeh plants P, Ethiopia. woody Niknam eastern of Iran. of Impact Publisher, rangelands Moaser 2016. in Iran, L. gradients in Nigatu grazing A, Herbs Ebro Aromatic M, and Mussa Medicinal of Recognition 2012. M. Mozafarian 57651-1. Catena ntedyad fZptta aia,Mexico. Salinas, Zapotitlan of drylands the in Ceooica)pat nasnydesert. sandy a in plants (Chenopodiaceae) 107 13 :71-79. :81-95. ora fAi Environments Arid of Journal 98 oua oaia ot gooaiiCluj-Napoca Agrobotanici Horti Botanicae Notulae :517-527. cetfi Reports Scientific adDgaainadDevelopment and Degradation Land rnsscoparia Prunus 73 aainJunlo Botany of Journal Canadian rpcladSbrpclAgroecosystems Subtropical and Tropical 8 86 :414-420. ora fAi Environments Arid of Journal :807-813. clgclResearch Ecological 10 96 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020- :956. clgclEngineering Ecological . sptniloledrsuc o the for resource oilseed potential as L.) odChemistry Food rspslaevigata Prosopis 8 caOecologica Acta pni tomentosa Opuntia 26 :706-715. 29 :385-394 20 39 :4-14. :1809-1816. 212 clgclProcesses Ecological :96. 72 :58-64. 90 and :1202-1212 27 19 :268-277. Pachycereus :161-169. (Cactaceae, Catena :343-355. ora of Journal Haloxylon 174 9 Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. pce aiyGot ai eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed habit Growth Family Alkanna Allium inutiflorum Allium berardioidesAegopordon spinosum Acanthophyllum scorpius Acantholimon Acantholimon Species vegetation. above-ground the in species the of *presence differences significant 1. statistically Appendix. indicate letters case Lower Iran. ( province, Yazd Rangelands, Chenarnaz ( shrubs three ( differences 6. significant Fig. statistically indicate letters case Lower Iran. mezereum Daphne 5 ( differences Fig. significant statistically indicate letters case Lower mezereum 4. ( differences Fig. significant statistically indicate letters N; case 89” Lower 05’ 30deg - mezereum N E). 51” 23” 3. 01’ 03’ soil Fig. 54deg comparing (30deg for - Iran (D) E province, control 16” Yazd as 00’ rangelands, used 53deg vegetation, Chenarnaz herbaceous characteristics, surrounding bank the seed in patches woody formed that 2. site. Fig. each in other each to closed 1. Fig. in change China. Captions Size-related northwestern Figures desert, 2015. arid W. an Zhao in environments. X, interaction semi-arid Wang shrub-annual and Q, arid Yang in G, processes Zhang and Landforms Mexico. 2015. central M. of Williams forest dry X., Yang, tropical a in 2018. associations host-epiphyte A. Environmental the Flores-Palacios on PLANTS ants VH, 2014. by Toledo-Hernandez removal P. seed C, Torok of Diaz-Castelazo Effect BA, AM, Lukacsc Corona-Lopez T, CA, Miglecz Vergara-Torres grasslands. alkali E, in diversity Simon bank A, seed driving Kelemen density factors methodology, B, Tothmereszb Europe: West O, North Valkoa of Press. bank University seed soil Cambridge the The CUP, determines longevity. 1997. Ethiopia. banks and RM. seed of Bekker soil Savanna JP, on Bakker semi-arid grazing K, a of Thompson in Influence vegetation 2012. aboveground HH. of Prins RM, potential Baars restoration WF, Boer de ZK, Tessema P < .5 mn ac types. patch among 0.05) p iica ob7.1 33*120*18.67 112.07* 93.39* 74.71* Forb Liliaceae sp. en(-S)SannadSmsndvriyidcsudrtresrb ( shrubs three under indices diversity Simpson and Shannon SE) (+- Mean . egahcllcto ftesuyae n fenstsi hc l he hu pce eefound were species shrub three all which in sites fifteen and area study the of location Geographical endniis(-E fsesta emntdudrtresrb ( shrubs three under germinated that seeds of (+-SE) densities Mean apigaescontaining areas Sampling en(-S)Jcadsmlrt ne ewe olse akadaoegon eeainunder vegetation above-ground and bank seed soil between index similarity Jaccard SE) (+- Mean p oaiaeeFr 86 0 18.67 0 0 Forb Boraginaceae sp. enseisrcns + E fgriat ne he hus( shrubs three under germinants of SE) (+- richness species Mean 0 l06 o:1.03 aobpla/ply056 10.1093/ doi: ply056; 10: and and mgau scoparia Amygdalus p lmaiaeeSrb0 *0 0* 0* 0* 0* Shrub Plumbaginaceae sp. bnsstellata Ebenus stellata Ebenus vrg olse akdniyo ahseisudrtecnp fec hu tedigits). (the shrub each of canopy the under species each of density bank seed soil Average and ee.LlaeeFr *0 18.67 0* 0* 0 Forb Liliaceae Regel. bnsstellata Ebenus .Pubgnca hu *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Shrub Plumbaginaceae L. os.Atrca ob0 *0 0* 0* 0* 0* Forb Asteraceae Boiss. .A. C. n ebcosvgtto,CeanzRnead,Yz rvne Iran. province, Yazd Rangelands, Chenarnaz vegetation, herbaceous and ) Iran. province, Yazd Rangelands, Chenarnaz vegetation, herbaceous and ) May , mgau scoparia Amygdalus ahemezereum Daphne n ebcosvgtto,CeanzRnead,Yz province, Yazd Rangelands, Chenarnaz vegetation, herbaceous and ) aypylca hu *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Shrub Caryophyllaceae 9 giutr,Eoytm n Environment and Ecosystems Agriculture, (A), and ahemezereum Daphne bnsstellata Ebenus P P caOecologica Acta < < .5 mn ac types. patch among 0.05) types. patch among 0.05) irrasphaerocarpa Nitraria P < .5 mn ac types. patch among 0.05) mgau scoparia Amygdalus mgau scoparia Amygdalus n ebcosvegetation, herbaceous and ) B and (B) mgau cpraDpn eaemEeu Stellata Ebenus Mezareum Daphne Scoparia Amygdalus 69 121-128. : Biotropica mgau scoparia Amygdalus bnsstellata Ebenus ace hfsthe shifts patches Catena 44 182 , , :211-219. 134 Daphne Daphne :80-87. AoB :1-3. (C) 2 , eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) Control 2 ) Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. atc serriola Lactuca orientalis Lactuca lanceolate Lactuca Linum microcarpa Lappula glaucifolia Lactuca prostrata kochia inflexus Juncus Isatis Geranium angustifolia Hertia aparine Galium ovina Festuca bangai Eryngium Eryngium Erodium cicutarium Erodium Erysimum distans Erymopyrum platyloba Echinophora stellata Ebenus mannulatum Dichanthiu orientalis Dianthus crinitus Dianthus mezereum Daphne sancta Crepis fruticosus Convolvulus aspera Clypeola oxyodon Cicer Crepis virgate Centaurea m per (seeds glaucus density Carthamus Seed Carex habit Growth scoparius Bromus tectorum Bromus danthonia Bromus Brassica orientalis Family Asperula terrestris Astragalus spachianus Astragalus Astragalus albispinus Astragalus aucheri Artemisia kotschyi Arrhenathrum Angelonia scoparia Amygdalus lycioides Amygdalus Alyssum minus Alyssum marginatum Alyssum Species p rsiaeeFr 86 0 18.67 0 0 Forb Brassicaceae sp. p yeaeeFr 60 86 60 0 56.03 18.67 56.03 Forb Cyperaceae sp. p seaeeFr 86 0 18.67 0 0 Forb Asteraceae sp. p iaeeFr 73 86 60 0 56.03 18.67 37.35 Forb Linaceae sp. p rccca ob00 0 0 0* 0 Forb Bracicaceae sp. p rsiaeeFr *000* 0 0 0* Forb Brassicaceae sp. p eaica ob0 *00 0 0* 0* Forb Geraniaceae sp. p melfreFr *00 0 0* 0 0* Forb Umbelliferae sp. p eaica ob0 *00 0 0* 0* Forb Geraniaceae sp. p lnaiaeeFr *00 0 0* 0 Forb Plantaginaceae sp. p rsiaeeFr 47 0 0 0 74.71 Forb Brassicaceae sp. p aiinca ob0 73*7.10 74.71 37.35* 0* Forb Papilionaceae sp. .Atrca ob0 0 0 0 0* Forb Astaraceae L. .PaeeGas577 8.87.1448.28 74.71 280.18 597.71 Grass Poaceae L. os oe.Fbca ob01.71.70 18.67 18.67 0 Forb Fabaceae Hohen. & Boiss is.Fbca hu *0 *0 0* 0* 0* Shrub Fabaceae Bioss. L)Rtm rsiaeeFr *1.7 86 0* 18.67 18.67* 0* Forb Brassicaceae Rothm. (L.) Gae)Tril rsiaeeFr 0* 0 0 0 Forb Brassicaceae Turrill. (Grauer) .JnaeeFr 73 0 0 0 37.35 Forb Juncaceae L. .RbaeeFr 5.1 046*865*74.71 896.57* 1064.68* 859.21* Forb Rubiaceae L. L)Sha hnpdaeeFr 86 0 0 18.67 0 Forb Chenopodiaceae Schrad (L.) .Atrca ob000 0* 0* 0 0 Forb Asteraceae L. is.Ubliea ob0 *0 0* 0* 0* 0* Forb Umbelliferae Bioss. .PaeeGas1077*56.7 072*149.42 3007.26* 5360.77* 11057.77* Grass Poaceae L. m aypylca ob003.50 37.35 0 0 Forb Caryophyllaceae Sm. aac.Atrca ob0 *0 0 0* 0* 0* Forb Asteraceae Lamarck. .PaeeGas0 *0 0* 0* 0* 0* Grass Poaceae L. os.Atrca ob0 *0* 0* 0 0* Forb Asteraceae Boiss. os.Atrca hu 47*7.1 1.7 74.71* 112.07* 74.71* 74.71* Shrub Asteraceae Boiss. .Atrca ob0 *0 0 0* 0* 0* Forb Asteraceae L. .TyeaaeeSrb0 *0 0 0* 0* 0* Shrub Thymelaeaceae L. L)D.PaeeGas00 0 0 0* 0 Grass Poaceae DC. (L.) os.Atrca ob03.500 0 37.35 0 Forb Asteraceae Boiss. D. uteAtrca ob0 *00 0 0* 0* Forb Asteraceae Kuntze (DC.) Boiss .ib seaeeFr 47 2.4 9.118.67 597.71 224.144 74.71 Forb Asteraceae M.Bieb. et.CrohlaeeFr 86 0 18.67 0 0 Forb Caryophyllaceae Beitr. Ldbu)E rBrgnca ob001.718.67 18.67 0 0 Forb Boraginaceae Pr & En (Ledebour) pc.Rsca re194*1.7 86*0* 18.67* 18.67* 149.42* Tree Rosaceae Spach. .GrnaeeFr *000 0 0 0* Forb Geraniaceae L. pc.Rsca hu *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Shrub Rosaceae Spach. ia.PploaeeFr *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Forb Papilionaceae Kitam. Ldb abPaeeGas637 4.818.2149.42 1288.82 541.68 653.75 Grass Poaceae Jaub (Ledeb) ij&Br.PploaeeFr *0 *0 0* 0* 0* Forb Papilionaceae Born. & Sirj .Bascca ob0 *00* 0 0* 0* Forb Brassicaceae L. os.PploaeeFr *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Forb Papilionaceae Boiss. C hmlecaFr *0 0* 0 0* 0* Forb Thymelaeacea DC. .Cnovlca ob00 0 0 0* 0 Forb Convolvulaceae L. os oca rs 86 86 0 18.67 18.67 0 Grass Poaceae Boiss . Frs. tp.PaeeGas0201 18.67 0 280.18 0 Grass Poaceae Stapf. (Forssk.) Hohen & . uica rs 60 86 0 0 18.67 56.03 Grass Rubiaceae 10 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 ) Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. tp barbata Stipa longistylum Sterigmostemum arabica Stipa plumose Stipagrostis blatteri Stellaria inflata Stachys Senecio Scorzonera holoschoenus Scirpoides arabicus Schismus olivieri Scabiosa nigrum Solanum Sinapis Silene spergulifolia Silene heteromalla Saussurea destontainei Senecio mucida Scorzonera aucheri Scandix orientalis Scoriola paradoxa Scariola iebersteinii Ribes Psathyrostachys sinaica Poa annual Poa dumosum Polygonum Polygonum erectum Polygonum Boiss aucheri Phlomis olivieri Phlomis affinis Pimpinella m per (seeds atlantica density Pistacia Seed harmala Peganum habit Growth Paracaryum Papaver Onopordon mucronata Nonea pungens Family Nepeta Medicago sativa Medicago Marrubium vulgare Marrubium decipienc Minuartia longifolia Mentha Myosotis Micropus radiata Medicago grewinkii Loranthus Lolium perenne Lolium Species p aypylca ob194 4.2228 130.75 242.82 242.82 149.42 Forb Caryophyllaceae sp. p oca rs *00 0* 0* 0 0* Grass Poaceae sp. p rsiaeeFr 86 18.67 0 18.67 0 Forb Brassicaceae sp. p seaeeFr *000 0 0 0* Forb Asteraceae sp. p aaeaeeFr *0018.67 0 0 0* Forb Papaveraceae sp. p oaiaeeFr *00 0 0* 0 Forb Boraginaceae sp. p aaeeFr 86 73 0 37.35 0 18.67 Forb Fabaceae sp. p seaeeFr *0 0* 0 0* 0* Forb Asteraceae sp. p seaeeFr *00 0 0* 0 Forb Asteraceae sp. p seaeFr *5.3 *0* 0* 56.03* 0* Forb Asterace sp. p oyoaeeFr 86 47 0 74.71 0 18.67 Forb Polygonaceae sp. p aica ob00107 0 130.75 0 0 Forb Lamiaceae sp. .PaeeGas0 0* 0 0 0* Grass Poaceae L. tu.PaeeGas001.70 18.67 0 0 Grass Poaceae Steud. p oaiaeeFr *00 0 0* 0 0* Forb Boraginaceae sp. rnR.PaeeGas939 106 516 93.39 2521.62 2110.69 933.93 Grass Poaceae Trin&Ru. ef oca rs *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Grass Poaceae Desf. et.LmaeeFr *1.6 0* 0 67 18. 0* Forb Lamiaceae Benth. .PaeeGas0 0 0 0 0* Grass Poaceae L. BneBnh,LbGn aica ob05.300 0 56.03 0 Forb Lamiaceae Lab.Gen. (Bunge)Benth., et.LmaeeFr 73 73 73 0 37.35 37.35 37.35 Forb Lamiaceae Benth. .Fbca ob003.593.39 37.35 0 0 Forb Fabaceae L. os.Aica ob1.73.53.5149.42 37.35 37.35 18.67 Forb Apiaceae Boiss. p oca rs *0 *0* 0* 0* 0* Grass Poaceae sp. .Cpioica ob0 0 0 0 0* Forb Caprifoliaceae L. at.CrohlaeeFr 73 74.71 37.35 0 0 Forb Caryophyllaceae Mattf. .Slnca ob181 73 0 37.35 0 168.10 Forb Solanaceae L. eln.xC rsuaic re1.7000 0 0 18.67 Tree Grossulariace Berland.exDC. .Fbca ob0 *0 0 0* 0* 0* Forb Fabaceae L. ef ncrica re0120 60 0 56.03 112.07 0 Tree Anacardiaceae Desf. L)Hd.LmaeeFr 86 0 0 18.67 0 Forb Lamiaceae Huds. (L.) .Atrca ob01.700 0 18.67 0 Forb Asteraceae L. osk hnpdaeeSrb1.7 60*56.03 56.03* 0 18.67* Shrub Chenopodiaceae Forssk. .Aica ob9.9000 0 0 93.39 Forb Apiaceae L. .Zgpylca ob5.30018.67 0 0 56.03 Forb Zygophyllaceae L. Bis)Sjk seaeeFr 86 6.037.35 168.10 18.67 0 Forb Asteraceae Sojak. (Boiss.) es oca ob00 0 0 0* 0 Forb Poaceae Ness. Wld)MBe.CrohlaeeFr 2.4482 9.5242.82 298.85 448.28 224.14 Forb Caryophyllaceae M.Bieb. (Willd.) .Atrca ob3.51.71.70 18.67 18.67 37.35 Forb Asteraceae L. .LmaeeFr 86*0181 18.67 168.10 0 18.67* Forb Lamiaceae L. .Plgnca ob1.71.700 0 18.67 18.67 Forb Polygonaceae L. os us oataeeFr *00 0 0* 0 Forb Loranthaceae Buhse & Boiss Fnl on.CrohlaeeFr 86 86 0 18.67 0 18.67 Forb Caryophyllaceae Bornm. (Fenzl) Ln. oca ob0288 73 18.67 37.35 298.85 0 Forb Poaceae (Linn.) .Atrca ob1.7000 0 0 18.67 Forb Asteraceae L. os oyoaeeFr 73 0 37.35 0 0 Forb Polygonaceae Boiss aica ob0000* 0 0 0 Forb Lamiaceae . C seaeeFr 86 0 0 18.67 0 Forb Asteraceae DC. .Cprca ob0 0 0 0 0* Forb Cyperaceae L. rsiaeeFr *000 0 0 0* Forb Brassicaceae 11 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 ) Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. pce aiyGot ai eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed habit Growth Family tenuior Ziziphora clinopodioids Ziziphora anagallis Veronica oxyrhynchus Valerianella jezdianus Tragopogon trnascaucasicus Thymus montanum Taraxacum parviflora Stipa Species ef oca rs *00 0* 0* 0 0* Grass Poaceae Desf. .LmaeeFr *0 *18.67* 0* 0* 0* Forb Lamiaceae L. .Patgnca ob912 4.80 541.68 0 971.29 Forb Plantaginaceae L. .Atrca ob001.70 18.67 0 0 Forb Asteraceae L. CA e. seaeeFr 4.2456 7.30 672.43 485.64 242.82 Forb Asteraceae Mey.) (C.A. a.LmaeeSrb1.7000 0 0 18.67 Shrub Lamiaceae Lam. ongr aica hu 1.7194 33 56.0 93.39 149.42 112.07 Shrub Lamiaceae Ronniger. aeinca ob0 *0 0* 0* 0* 0* Forb Valerianaceae 12 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 eddniy(ed e m per (seeds density Seed ) 2 ) Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 13 Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158880301.19320298 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 14