Erosion As a Factor of Transformation of Soil Radioactive Contamination in the Basin of the Shchekino Reservoir (Tula Region) V

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Erosion As a Factor of Transformation of Soil Radioactive Contamination in the Basin of the Shchekino Reservoir (Tula Region) V ISSN 1064-2293, Eurasian Soil Science, 2021, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 291–303. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2021. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2021, published in Pochvovedenie, 2021, No. 2, pp. 247–260. SOIL ЕROSION Erosion as a Factor of Transformation of Soil Radioactive Contamination in the Basin of the Shchekino Reservoir (Tula Region) V. N. Golosova, b, c, M. M. Ivanova, b, A. S. Tsyplenkova, M. A. Ivanovc, Y. Wakiyamad, A. V. Konoplevd, E. A. Konstantinovb, and N. N. Ivanovaa, * aLomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia bInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017 Russia cKazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia dInstitute of Environment Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Kanayagava, Fukushima, 1960–1296 Japan *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 30, 2020; revised June 16, 2020; accepted July 13, 2020 Abstract—Redistribution of sediments and Chernobyl-derived 137Сs transported with them were estimated using a set of field methods and erosion model calculations for the Shchekino reservoir (Tula region) catch- ment, and changes in the contents of 137Сs in soils of various types that occurred over 1986–2018 were deter- mined. The rate of snowmelt soil erosion on arable land during this period has decreased by about a half in comparison with that in 1960–1985 due to a reduction in soil freezing depth in winter. The rainfall erosion rate increased by about a third between 1986–2003 due to an increase in the rainfall erosivity index; after that, it tended to decrease synchronously with a decrease in the rainfall erosivity. The total average annual soil loss related to water erosion varies in the range of 1.3–1.6 t ha–1 depending on the soil type. The erosional loss of 137Сs from arable land averaged 1.5–2% of its total inventory, which decreased by more than a half in com- parison with the initial inventory in May 1986 due to natural decay. On 0.4% of the arable land with maximum rates of erosion, the decrease in the 137Сs inventory reached 12–40% from the initial inventory. More than 90% of 137Сs washed away with sediments from arable lands were redeposited along the transportation path- way from arable fields to permanent streams. The total soil 137Сs inventory exceeded its initial inventory at the time of fallout from the atmosphere in May 1986 in the bottoms of hollows in areas from the lower edge of the arable land to the upper reaches of dry first-order valleys due to high sedimentation rates. The 137Сs inventory exceeded the lower threshold of permissible radioactive contamination of soils (37 kBq m–2) also in some other sediment sinks (bottoms of dry valleys, foot of plowed slopes, and a low floodplain of rivers) due to the accumulation of contaminated sediments. Keywords: radioactive contamination, snowmelt erosion, rainfall erosion, 137Cs inventory, sediments redis- tribution, Luvic Chernic Phaeozems, Luvic Greyzemic Chernic Phaeozems, Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phae- ozems, Stagnic Phaeozems (Colluvic, Pachic) DOI: 10.1134/S106422932102006X INTRODUCTION as the Plavsk cesium spot (Fig. 1). It is found in the Soils of a part of Europe were radioactively con- agricultural region with a high proportion of arable 137 taminated (mainly, with 137Cs) after the Chernobyl lands. The content of Cs, which is quickly and disaster at the end of April 1986 [28]. On a larger part firmly fixed on soil particles, determines the level of of polluted territory, the levels of radioactive contam- radioactive contamination of soils [3, 32]. In regions ination of soils did not exceed the permissible values with a high proportion of arable lands, erosion-accu- and were comparable in magnitude with the pollution mulative processes are the main mechanism for the from 137Cs global fallout as a result of nuclear explo- subsequent redistribution of radionuclides within river sions in the atmosphere since the beginning of the basins [31]. In the north of the forest-steppe zone of 1950s and until 1963. However, locally, areas with the European part of Russia, wind erosion is not contamination levels exceeding the maximum permis- developed [12]. Snowmelt erosion in spring and rain- sible level were formed, including those in the Euro- fall erosion in summer and fall play the major role in pean part of Russia. For example, in the southern half the lateral migration of 137Cs. Over more than 30 years of Tula region, the maximum fallout of 137Сs and other that have passed since the Chernobyl disaster, the con- radionuclides was observed in the area extending from tent of 137Cs in soils has already been halved due to nat- Chernskii to Bogoroditskii districts; this area is known ural decay (the half-life period of 137Cs is 30.2 years). 291 292 GOLOSOV et al. (a)(a) (c)(c) ((b)b) TulaTula 7 Depth, m 0−1 ShR-9/1,ShR-9/1, 9/29/2 SShR-8/1,hR-8/1, 88/2/2 UpaUpa 6 1−2 ShR-6/1,ShR-6/1, 6/26/2 ShR-5/1,ShR-5/1, 5/25/2 1 2−3 PlavaP l a − v 3 4 a 2 5 4−5 PlavskPlavsk 8 UpaUpa 5−6 ShR-7/1,ShR-7/1, 77/2/2 4 − 3 6 7 ShR-3,ShR-3, 4 Density of contamination 137Cs, kBq/m2 0 0.25 0.50 1.0 1.5 2.0 km −9 0 3.7 10 20 37 185 555 Fig. 1. Research area, location of gauging stations, weather stations, and sampling points for soil and bottom sediments: (a) loca- tion of Tula region; (b) map of radioactive contamination of Tula oblast in 1986 [4] ((1) boundary of the Upa River basin, (2) catchment of the Shchekino reservoir; soil sampling sites: (3) grassed bottom of the hollow and plowed slope, (4 and 5) flood- plains of the Lokna and Upa rivers, respectively; gauging stations on the Upa River: (6) Orlovo, (7) Tula; (8) weather station in Plavsk); and (c) bathymetric map of the Shchekino reservoir ((9) sampling points of bottom sediment cores). The water erosion contributes to the redistribution of catchment of the Shchekino reservoir under the impact washed off soil particles with 137Сs fixed on them of erosion-accumulative processes. within river catchments. As a result, secondary pollu- tion areas are formed, where the total 137Сs inventory exceeds the levels of its initial deposition [22, 45]. OBJECTS AND METHODS These areas include unplowed lower parts of slopes, Study area. The Shchekino water reservoir was cre- bottoms of dry valleys, floodplains, and water bodies, ated in 1950 in the upper reaches of the Upa River as a in which the accumulation of 137Cs transported with cooling pond of the Shchekinskaya electric power sta- soil particles takes place [36, 37, 39, 41, 47]. tion. Its catchment (1350 km2) is found southeast of Available estimates of 137Cs redistribution are the center of Tula oblast (Fig. 1), in the agricultural mainly based on the use of erosion models, or their region with a predominance of arable land and the combined use with actual measurements of the total absence of large settlements. 137 Cs inventory in the areas of erosion and accumula- According to the Köppen–Geiger climate classifi- tion [31]. In some cases, for the catchments of small cation, the investigated part of the Upa River basin is 137 ponds, the Cs budget was assessed taking into located in the humid continental (Dfb) climate zone account its accumulation in bottom sediments [35]. At without dry season and with hot summer. The mean the same time, no quantitative assessments of 137Cs annual precipitation slightly decreases from the north- redistribution for catchments of large reservoirs have west to the southeast from 630 to 592 mm with about been carried out so far. 460 mm in the warm season. The upper reaches of the This study aims at a quantitative assessment of the Upa River lie near the main divide between the Volga transformation of the field of radioactive soil contam- and Don River basins. The studies territory is a part of ination in 32 years after the Chernobyl disaster for the the eastern slope of the Central Russian Upland and it EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE Vol. 54 No. 2 2021 EROSION AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL RADIOACTIVE 293 is characterized by a relatively slightly dissected topog- interpretation and subsequent manual digitization. raphy with extensive nearly level watersheds. The For other land uses, we used the automatic classifica- maximum relative elevation of the relief is observed in tion by the Random Forest method with the number the western part of the Upa River basin, where the of trees equal to 100. Thus, three vector layers of land river sharply turns to the northeast towards the use maps for different years were obtained. Their over- Shchekino reservoir. This part of the basin was most lay showed the areas of reduction and increase of ara- heavily contaminated after the Chernobyl disaster ble land and other land categories for the estimated (Fig. 1b). The network of permanent streams includes time intervals. The calculation of the areas of used and the Upa River, its large right-bank tributary—the abandoned arable land was carried out in the MapInfo Uperta River—and their confluents. The soil cover of program. A more detailed description of the methods the basin consists of leached chernozems (Luvic Cher- of image interpretation is given in [10]. nic Phaeozems), podzolized chernozems (Luvic To calculate rainfall erosion, the revised universal Greyzemic Chernic Phaeozems), and dark gray forest soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used [45]: soils (Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems) on the interfluves covered with loesslike calcareous loam as YRKLSCP= , (1) the parent material is [16].
Recommended publications
  • TULA М4 Rail М2 М2
    CATALOGUE OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY THE TULA REGION 1 CATALOGUE CONTENTS INFORMATION 3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 6 METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY 16 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 25 LIGHT INDUSTRY 36 FOOD INDUSTRY 48 CONTACT INFORMATION 62 2 CATALOGUE CONTENTS “THE FOREIGN TRADE TURNOVER STRUCTURE NOW MEETS ALL THE CRITERIA FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND IS EXPORT-ORIENTED. WE NEED TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF EXPORTS AND FIND NEW SALES MARKETS.” Governor of the Tula Region Alexei Dyumin 3 TULA REGION TRADE WITH MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS: 126 USA, CHINA, COUNTRIES BELARUS, ALGERIA, TURKEY, UAE, GERMANY 36,2% Chemical industry products and rubber 28,1% Other goods 6,8% Mechanical engineering products 5% Foods and raw materials Population Total area Tula Novomoskovsk 23,9% Metals and metal 1 466 127 25 700 550,8 125,2 products people sq. km thousand people thousand people EXPORT STRUCTURE EXPORT 4 TULA REGION MOSCOW М2 MOSCOW REGION TWO FEDERAL HIGHWAYS • M2 ‘Crimea’ М4 Zaokskiy Rail • M4 ‘Don’ KALUGA REGION Aleksin RAILWAY ROUTES Yasnogorsk • MOSCOW–KHARKOV–SIMFEROPOL, Venoyv • MOSCOW–DONBAS; TULA TRANSPORT ROUTES Dubna Suvorov Novomoskovsk RYAZAN REGION • Tula – M4 ‘Don’ Transcaucasia, Western Asia (part of the Chekalin Shchyokino Uzlovaya Kimovsk European route E 115) Odoyev Kireyevsk • Tula – M2 ‘Crimea’ Europe (part of the European route E105) Belyov Arsenyevo Bogoroditsk Plavsk Tyoploye Volovo AIR TRAFFIC: • Sheremetyevo (210 km) – more than 230 domestic and М2 Chern Kurkino international destinations • Domodedovo (170 km) – 194 destinations Arkhangelskoye LIPETSK • Vnukovo (180 km) – more than 200,000 domestic and REGION international destinations ORYOL REGION Yefremov • Kaluga Airport (110 km) – 9 domestic destinations М4 5 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING THE TULAMASHZAVOD PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION The TULAMASHZAVOD Production Association is a major holding that includes the parent TULAMASHZAVOD Joint-Stock Company and twenty subsidiaries that focus equally on both the manufacturing of products for the defence industry and civilian products.
    [Show full text]
  • BR IFIC N° 2646 Index/Indice
    BR IFIC N° 2646 Index/Indice International Frequency Information Circular (Terrestrial Services) ITU - Radiocommunication Bureau Circular Internacional de Información sobre Frecuencias (Servicios Terrenales) UIT - Oficina de Radiocomunicaciones Circulaire Internationale d'Information sur les Fréquences (Services de Terre) UIT - Bureau des Radiocommunications Part 1 / Partie 1 / Parte 1 Date/Fecha 16.06.2009 Description of Columns Description des colonnes Descripción de columnas No. Sequential number Numéro séquenciel Número sequencial BR Id. BR identification number Numéro d'identification du BR Número de identificación de la BR Adm Notifying Administration Administration notificatrice Administración notificante 1A [MHz] Assigned frequency [MHz] Fréquence assignée [MHz] Frecuencia asignada [MHz] Name of the location of Nom de l'emplacement de Nombre del emplazamiento de 4A/5A transmitting / receiving station la station d'émission / réception estación transmisora / receptora 4B/5B Geographical area Zone géographique Zona geográfica 4C/5C Geographical coordinates Coordonnées géographiques Coordenadas geográficas 6A Class of station Classe de station Clase de estación Purpose of the notification: Objet de la notification: Propósito de la notificación: Intent ADD-addition MOD-modify ADD-ajouter MOD-modifier ADD-añadir MOD-modificar SUP-suppress W/D-withdraw SUP-supprimer W/D-retirer SUP-suprimir W/D-retirar No. BR Id Adm 1A [MHz] 4A/5A 4B/5B 4C/5C 6A Part Intent 1 109039087 AUT 17727.5000 250105A 199903A AUT 15E18'44'' 48N14'24'' FX 1 ADD
    [Show full text]
  • Quantification of the Sediment Budget of a River Basin, Based on Reconstruction of the Post-Fallout Redistribution of Chernobyl Particle-Bound 137Cs
    394 Erosion and Sediment Yields in the Changing Environment (Proceedings of a symposium held at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS-Chengdu, China, 11–15 October 2012) (IAHS Publ. 356, 2012). Quantification of the sediment budget of a river basin, based on reconstruction of the post-fallout redistribution of Chernobyl particle-bound 137Cs VLADIMIR BELYAEV1, EUGENIA SHAMSHURINA1, MAXIM MARKELOV1, VALENTIN GOLOSOV1,2, NADEZDA IVANOVA1, VALERIY BONDAREV1, TATIANA PARAMONOVA3, OLIVIER EVRARD4, CATHERINE OTTLÉ4, IRÈNE LEFÈVRE4 & PHILIPPE BONTÉ4 1 Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, Russia [email protected] 2 Institute of Ecology and Geography, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya st., 18, Kazan, Russia 3 Department of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia 4 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Centre de Recherche du CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Abstract Quantitative assessment of the sediment budget of a fluvial system is a key approach to understanding its geomorphic behaviour and an essential tool for investigating the redistribution of particle- bound contaminants along the sediment cascade. Here, we present a study involving the application of several independent approaches for quantifying the post-fallout (1986–2009) redistribution of Chernobyl particle-bound 137Cs and the basin-scale sediment budget for the River Plava basin situated in the northern part of the Srednerusskaya Upland (Central European Russia). The techniques employed include 137Cs-based sediment tracing, two soil erosion models and the analysis of soil profile morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • ~Jilsfi JOUR~(! Russian Philatel9 1I~
    'The / ~JilSfi JOUR~(! Russian Philatel9 1i~ Na.38 March 1966 . .... .. .. .... .•. • ..•. .....---..... .• Published by the British Society of Russian Philately London THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN PHILATELY THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY OF RUSSIAN PHILATELY (Founded 1936) Edited by P. T. Ashford No. 38, March 1966 _from Robins Bush, Sixty Acre Close, Failand, Bristol. Special Subject: TRANSCASPIA AND TURKESTAN Page 3 Transcaspia and Turkestan. 5 The Bogus Stamps of Bukhara. P. T. Ashford. 6 Outstanding Covers: Early Cover from Vernii. A. Droar. Covers from Kokan, Samarkand, and Persia. Dr. A. H. Wortman. 7 The Malleson Mission to Transcaspia 1918-19. P. T. Ashford. 11 Money Transfer Cards and other Covers from Turkestan. E. G. Peel. 12 Zemstvos of the Post-Abdication Years. Fred W. Speers. 16 Dots Cancellations: New Information. Dr. A. H. Wortman. 18 •·used Abroad" Chronicle-XL S. D. Tchilinghirian. 23 The Shagiv Issues of the Ukraine; New Data. /. L. G. Baillie. 27 The Shagiv Issues; Possible Forgeries of Postage Stamps. I. L. G. Baillie. 30 Outstanding Items. M. Liphschutz. .30 Miniature Sheets of the Soviet Union (I) A. S. Waugh . 31 Varieties in the Soviet Airmail Etiquette of August, 1928. Fred W. Speers. 33 Modern Soviet Perforation Varieties (V). A. S. Waugh. 34 Obituary. .34 Correspondence. 36 Reviews of New Literature. 38 A Collector's Calendar. P. T. Ashford. 38 Auction Notes. W. S. E. Stephen. 40 Meeting Reports. 43 The Zemstvo Gazetteer (continued). Fred W. Speers. All Rights Reserved O;1inions expressed by Contributors are their own and not necessarily those of the Editor or the Society THE BRITISH SOCIETY OF RUSSIAN PHILATELY A Society founded in 1936 to study Philatelic and Postal Matters connected with Past and Present Russia Affiliated to the British Philatelic Association and to the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain ------------------------------- President: A.
    [Show full text]
  • TULA REGION TULA Moscow Moscow REGION Region
    TULA REGION TULA Moscow Moscow REGION region Kaluga region Tula Novomoskovsk Ryazan region Lipetsk Oryol region region Population Total area Tula Novomoskovsk 1.5million 25 700km2 550 800 125 200 OVERVIEW OF TULA REGION ECONOMY GRP Manufacturing at comparable prices 40,5% (rating 2017) 578 bn rubles industries 103,4% Wholesale and retail trade 12,2% Industry in the region Industrial production growth 105,6 Transport and at comparable prices % communications 6,5% (2017) Agricultural output Real estate transactions 11,4% production growth at current prices 109,3% (2017) Agriculture 7,0% Investment at current prices (2017) 127,1 bn rubles Other kinds of economic 22,4% activities 9,4% at comparable prices to the same period in 2016 FORMULA FOR SUCCESS Favorable Tailor-made Tax logistics approach benefits Highly qualified workforce Good governance FAVORABLE LOGISTICS Nearest airports: Domodedovo - 2hours km 180 Vnukovo - 2hours from Moscow Kaluga - 1hour and 40minutes In direct proximity to the largest target market М2 Crimea M4 Don Moscow Railway: southern branch of the Paveletsky route Major national highways INVESTOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOMPONIMENT Support in establishing local production Location matching Legal support State support at both the federal Selection of contractors and regional levels Regional integrated development projects Consulting support Establishment and development of industrial parks PPP projects One-stop shop 24/7 TAX BENEFITS Property tax reduction 0% up to 4 tax periods Income tax reduction 15,5% up to 4 tax periods Projects from 50m rubles According to Tula region law No. 1390-ATR dated 06.02.2010 Investments in construction of infrastructure facilities According to Government Decrees of the Tula region No.
    [Show full text]
  • Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
    GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 62. Records of German Field Commands: Corps (Part Vn) (I, LH - XCI Corps) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1970 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as Microfilm Publication T314. Those desiring to purchase microfilm should write to the Publications Sales Branch, NARS, GSA, Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not be- lieved to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 62,. Records of German Field Commands; Corps (Part VII) (I, LII - XCI Corps) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1970 P R E 3 E The Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria. Va. Channel Islands in 1942 and 1943, in Belgium from 1942 to 1944, constitute a series of finding aids describing National Archives in the Netherlands from 1942 to 1945, in Italy in 1943 and 1944, microfilm that reproduces seized records of German central, re- and in Greece in 1943 and 1944; and the occupation of Hungary in gional, and local government agencies, and of military commands 1944.
    [Show full text]
  • ECONOMIC CONDITIONS in RUSSIA 1 Catastrophic Change in the National Economy
    C. 705. M. 451. 1922. II. LEAGUE OF NATIONS REPORT ON ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN RUSSIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FAMINE OF 1921-1922 AND THE STATE OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS Page Introductory N o t e on S o u r c e s of In f o r m a t io n ........................................................................................ v Chapter I. —- S u m m a r y of t h e S it u a t io n .................................................................................................. I Chapter II. —- R u ssia n A g r ic u l t u r e b e f o r e t h e F a m i n e ......................................................... 6 Chapter III. — T h e F a m in e o f 1921-1922........................................................................................................ 26 Chapter IV. — T h e P r e s e n t P o s i t i o n .............................................................................................................. 58 Annex I. ■— (a) The Russian Land System and the Agrarian Policy of the Soviet Govern­ ment ............................................................................................................................................................ 77 (b) The Single Food Tax ............................................................................................................. 88 Annex II. •— Recent Harvest Statistics..................................................................................................................... 93 Annex III. ■— Mr. Hoover's Report to President Harding on the Work of the American
    [Show full text]
  • TULA REGION TULA Moscow Moscow REGION Region
    TULA REGION TULA Moscow Moscow REGION region Kaluga region Tula Novomoskovsk Ryazan region Lipetsk Oryol region region Population Total area Tula Novomoskovsk 1.5million 25 700km2 550 800 125 200 OVERVIEW OF TULA REGION ECONOMY GRP Manufacturing (rating 2017) 40,5% 562 bn rubles industries 104,4% Wholesale and retail trade 12,2% Industrial production GRP structure growth 106,2% Transport and (2017) communications 6,5% Agricultural output Real estate transactions 11,4% production growth 110,4% (2017) Agriculture 7,0% Investment at current prices (2017) 127 bn rubles Other kinds of economic 22,4% activities 109,4% at comparable prices to 2016 FORMULA FOR SUCCESS Favorable Tailor-made Tax logistics approach benefits Highly qualified workforce Good governance FAVORABLE LOGISTICS Nearest airports: Domodedovo - 2hours km 180 Vnukovo - 2hours from Moscow Kaluga - 1hour and 40minutes In direct proximity to the largest target market М2 Crimea M4 Don Moscow Railway: southern branch of the Paveletsky route Major national highways INVESTOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOMPONIMENT Support in establishing local production Location matching Legal support State support at both the federal Selection of contractors and regional levels Regional integrated development projects Consulting support Establishment and development of industrial parks PPP projects One-stop shop 24/7 TAX BENEFITS Property tax reduction 0% up to 10 tax periods Income tax reduction 15,5% Projects from 100m rubles According to Tula region law No. 1390-ATR dated 06.02.2010 Investments in construction
    [Show full text]
  • English Lessons for Teaching Russian Culture and Cultural Diversity in Russia
    English lessons for teaching Russian culture and cultural diversity in Russia Учебно-методическое пособие для учителей английского языка Editors: Anastasia Khodakova, Elena Nadtocheva Authors: Elizaveta Salokhina, Anna Kudelina, Anna Shilina, Olesya Grigorova, Daria Dulevskaya, Anastasia Samarina, Natalia Ulyanova, Anastasia Pakhomova, Ekaterina Bobrova, Anastasia Yegorova, Anastasia Gamburg, Maria Koksharova, Irina Manyakina, Christina Rogozhina, Svetlana Shuvaeva, Irina Rodionova, Olga Titova, Evgeniya Dolganova, Ekaterina Elagina, Anastasia Burmistrova, Polina Sonina, Rauza Sidekulova, Anastasia Khodakova, Nadezhda Maslova Front and Back Picture: by Anna Shtrynova Тула 2015 1 APPRECIATING DIVERSITY LESSON PLANS Под. ред. А.Г.Ходаковой и Е.С.Надточевой Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для учителей английского языка начальной и средней школы. Пособие включает в себя планы-конспекты уроков по обучению культуре РФ на английском языке и может быть использовано на уроках английского языка как дополнение к основному УМК. Многие уроки посвящены историческим и культурным особенностям г. Тулы и Тульской области. Электронные материалы к урокам и иллюстрации можно найти на сайте проекта «Воспитание уважения к культурам народов России и мира на уроках английского языка» http://diverserussia.ru. APPRECIATING DIVERSITY LESSON PLANS Содержание Colours of Tula (Form 2)……………………………………………………7 The weather around Russia. (Form 3)……………………………………….9 My favourite food (Form 3)………………………………………………...16 A visit to the great writer (Form 4)…………………………………………20
    [Show full text]
  • Uzlovaya Kimovsk Kireyevsk Belyov
    WHERE RUSSIAN INGENUITY LIVES TULA REGION INVESTMENT STRATEGY FOR 2019-2022 TULA REGION INVESTMENT STRATEGY. STRUCTURE Zаoksky Aleksin Yasnogorsk Leninsky Venyov CURRENT BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT AND TULA STATUS TRENDS DETERMINING INVESTMENT PRIORITIES Suvorov Dubna THE STRATEGY Novomoskovsk Odoyev Shchyokino Uzlovaya Kimovsk Kireyevsk Belyov Arsenyevo Bogoroditsk Plavsk Tyoploye Volovo Kurkino Chern FINANCIAL AND N TOOLS. CENTRES OF Arkhangelskoye ON-FINANCIAL GOALS RESPONSIBILITY Yefremov STRATEGIC PLANNING DOCUMENTS. TULA REGION INVESTMENT STRATEGY THROUGH 2030 TULA REGION GOVERNMENT DECREE NO. 1113-Р DATED 11 DECEMBER 2013 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND TRENDS OF THE TULA REGION’S INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT BY SECTOR: BY TERRITORY: INNOVATIVE RENEWAL OF TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SECTORSИ TULA AGGLOMERATION DEVELOPMENT FORMATION OF A "NEW ECONOMY" CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS FOR REDUCING THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT KEY DEVELOPMENT AREAS 1 IMPLEMENTING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE COMPREHENSIVE UPGRADING OF THE HOUSING AND UTILITIES COMPLEX, CREATION OF THE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE, SUCH AS INDUSTRIAL 2 6 LARGE-SCALE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION FOR LOW AND MEDIUM INCOME PARKS AND TECHNOPARKS, BUSINESS INCUBATORS POPULATION GROUPS DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY INVESTMENT AREAS BASED ON THE 3 LIFTING ELECTRICITY GRID RESTRICTIONS TO MEET CURRENT AND FUTURE 7 ESTABLISHED POTENTIAL OF BASIC INDUSTRIES CONSUMER NEEDS 4 CONSTRUCTION OF THE REQUISITE GAS TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TO
    [Show full text]
  • Uzlovaya» Ip Great Wall Motor
    TULA REGION TULA Moscow Moscow REGION region Kaluga region Tula Novomoskovsk Ryazan region Lipetsk Oryol region region Population Total area Tula Novomoskovsk 1.5million 25 700km2 550 800 125 200 OVERVIEW OF TULA REGION ECONOMY GRP Manufacturing at comparable prices 40,5% (rating 2017) 578 bn rubles industries 103,4% Wholesale and retail trade 12,2% Industry in the region Industrial production growth 105,6 Transport and at comparable prices % communications 6,5% (2017) Agricultural output Real estate transactions 11,4% production growth at current prices 109,3% (2017) Agriculture 7,0% Investment at current prices (2017) 127,1 bn rubles Other kinds of economic 22,4% activities 9,4% at comparable prices to the same period in 2016 FORMULA FOR SUCCESS Favorable Tailor-made Tax logistics approach benefits Highly qualified workforce Good governance FAVORABLE LOGISTICS Nearest airports: Domodedovo - 2hours km 180 Vnukovo - 2hours from Moscow Kaluga - 1hour and 40minutes In direct proximity to the largest target market М2 Crimea M4 Don Moscow Railway: southern branch of the Paveletsky route Major national highways INVESTOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOMPONIMENT Support in establishing local production Location matching Legal support State support at both the federal Selection of contractors and regional levels Regional integrated development projects Consulting support Establishment and development of industrial parks PPP projects One-stop shop 24/7 TAX BENEFITS Property tax reduction 0% up to 4 tax periods Income tax reduction 15,5% up to 4 tax periods Projects from 50m rubles According to Tula region law No. 1390-ATR dated 06.02.2010 Investments in construction of infrastructure facilities According to Government Decrees of the Tula region No.
    [Show full text]
  • LIII. Armeekorps (LIII Army Corps) 19 the LIII
    LIII. Armeekorps (LIII Army Corps) 19 The LIII. Armeekorps, activated on February 15, 1941, in Strobl, January 1942 until August 1943 when it began to withdraw northwest Wehrkreis XVIII, was - transferred to Zell am See on February 27 and to Yagodnoye. It withdrew further to the Orel area, then marched to Grossborn-Linde near Neustettin, April 1-4, 1941. The Corps to Bryansk for entraining and movement via Gomel to Chernigov, was transferred on May 7, 1941* to Pabianice near Lodz; on June 3, August 21-26, 1943. In September 1943 the Corps was transferred to 1941, to Radom for training and preparation of Operation "Barbarossa" the Mogilev area and during October 1943 north where it engaged in (invasion of Russia); and on June 20 to Lukow west of Brest. From defensive operations northeast and southeast of Vitebsk and in con- June 22 to December 31, 1941, the Corps was engaged in offensives struction of fortifications around that city until June 1944. in the central sector of the eastern front, advancing to Slonim, Apparently, the Corps was encircled and captured in Vitebsk during Slutsk, Bobruisk, Rogachev, Krichev, Roslavl, and Bryansk. It took the summer of 1944 since no documents are available from June 17 to part in Operation "Taifun1' (encirclement of a Russian Army in the September 16, 1944. On September 16, 1944, the Corps was redesig- vicinity of Karachev during October 1941), and then advanced to nated "Korps Rothkirch" In Tilsit,.East Prussia, under the command Bolkhov, Belev, Krapivna, and Chern on the Plava and Upa Rivers of Gen.d.Kav.
    [Show full text]