DECEMBER 2010 VOLUME 52 NUMBER 12 STORM DATA

AND UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA WITH LATE REPORTS AND CORRECTIONS

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION noaa NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE, DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER, ASHEVILLE, NC Cover: This cover represents a few weather conditions such as snow, hurricanes, tornadoes, heavy rain and flooding that may occur in any given location any month of the year. (Photo courtesy of NCDC.)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Outstanding Storm of the Month…....………………...... ……..…………..…….……...…...... 4 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena...... …….…....…………...…...... …...... 6 Reference Notes...... ……...... ………...... …..….…...... 234

STORM DATA (ISSN 0039-1972) National Climatic Data Center Editor: Joseph E. Kraft Assistant Editor: Rhonda Herndon

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2 December 2010 - Confirmed Tornadoes ®

EF SCALE EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 Number of Tornadoes EF4 EF5 EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total 12 10 5 5 0 0 32

Miles 0100 200 400 600 800 1,000

OUTSTANDING STORM OF THE MONTH

New Years Eve: 3 Tornadoes & 4 Dead in 3 Contiguous Missouri Counties

Between the evening of the 30th and the morning of the 31st of December 2010, two separate lines of thunderstorms produced significant severe weather across southwest Missouri including damaging wind, large hail, and deadly tornadoes. The first round of storms lifted out of Arkansas late on the evening of the 30th and the second round moved out of western Kansas shortly before daybreak on the 31st.

By mid-morning a strong tornado (which was later determined by a NWS storm survey team to be an EF3) occurred over Fort Leonard Wood in Pulaski County. Numerous homes were destroyed on the east side of the base. A total of 159 homes were damaged with 41 destroyed

Left: An EF-3 tornado passing by the Fort Leonard Wood airport on December 31, 2010.

and 32 others sustaining significant damage. Extensive to moderate damage occurred to numerous military training areas, moderate damage occurred to installation utility systems, and extensive damage occurred in one installation family housing area. The water treatment plant on the base was severely damaged when the building’s second level was completely razed. The tornado also disrupted the base's power supply system and damaged gas lines. Four injuries were reported. Damage in Pulaski County was estimated to be about $90 million dollars.

As that one was ending just after 10AM, another EF3 tornado occurred north of Rolla in Phelps County. The heaviest damage there occurred between state Highway E and County Road 8040. Two single wide mobile homes were completely destroyed --with their debris thrown “upstream” while their frames were detached. Two fatalities occurred in one of these homes. A two story home had all but its interior walls destroyed. Several cars were thrown with one vehicle thrown over the destroyed home. Minor to moderate roof and tree damage occurred at various locations from near the starting point up to Highway 63 north of Rolla. There was primarily tree damage between Highway 63 and Highway 68.

4

While the tornado in Phelps County was happening, an EF1 tornado occurred in Dent County. This tornado was estimated to be 100 yards wide along County Road 2050 near Lecoma with estimated winds of 90 to 100 mph. Several structures had extensive damage or were destroyed along its path including a mobile home near Lecoma where 2 fatalities occurred. The tornado tracked approximately 1.5 miles before entering into rural southern Phelps County. The width of its path enlarged to around a quarter mile wide near County Road 179. The tornado ended around County Road 154 as an EF-0 about 50 yards wide. The tornado also downed several trees and damaged power lines in Phelps County. Overall damage in that county from the two tornadoes was estimated to be over $1 million dollars. Dent County’s damage was estimated to be just less than half that amount.

5

Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central

ALZ028-036>038- Barbour - Chambers - Clay - Coosa - Elmore - Lee - Lowndes - Macon - Montgomery - Pike - Randolph - 042>045-047-049> Tallapoosa 050 01 0000CST 31 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

With below normal precipitation during the month of December, ongoing drought conditions persisted across a portion of Central Alabama through the month of December. The hardest hit area continues to be portions of eastern Alabama, from extreme eastern Elmore county and extreme northern Macon county northeastward across portions of Lee, Tallapoosa, and Chambers counties, where Extreme (D3) drought conditions were identified by the U.S. Drought Monitor.

ALZ011>014-017> Autauga - Blount - Bullock - Calhoun - Chambers - Cherokee - Chilton - Coosa - Dallas - Elmore - Etowah 020-022>027-029- - Fayette - Jefferson - Lamar - Lee - Marion - Montgomery - Pickens - Pike - Randolph - Russell - Shelby - 035>036-038-040> St. Clair - Talladega - Tuscaloosa - Winston 041-043>044-046> 049 15 0500CST 1630CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Moisture increased ahead of a weak storm system on Wednesday, December 15, 2010, across Central Alabama. Temperatures near or below freezing at the surface resulted in widespread freezing rain and sleet beginning around sunrise and lasting through most of the day. Although precipitation was light, ice quickly accumulated on area roadways, causing hazardous driving conditions, numerous vehicle accidents, and road closures. Hazardous driving conditions due to ice on the roadway persisted well after precipitation moved out of the area, with many counties maintaining road closures for extended periods of time.

ALZ011-014-017> Blount - Calhoun - Cherokee - Clay - Cleburne - Etowah - Lamar - Marion - Randolph - St. Clair - 021-026>029 Talladega - Winston 25 0400CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A surface low in the northern Gulf of Mexico along with an upper level disturbance moving southeastward from the Great Plains contributed to heavy snowfall on Christmas Day in Alabama, resulting in the first White Christmas for much of the area. Precipitation began during the early morning hours in northwest Central Alabama and spread eastward through the day. Many locations saw precipitation begin as rain and change over to snow. In some places, this change over was brief. In others, warm ground conditions caused snowfall to melt on contact, preventing significant accumulation. Snowfall totals ranged from a trace as far south as Troy to 4.00 inches in several locations across north Central Alabama. In many locations, snowfall up to 1.5 inches accumulated on grassy surfaces, not causing any inconvenience to travel or threat to life or property.

ALZ014-017>021- Blount - Calhoun - Cherokee - Clay - Cleburne - Etowah - Jefferson - Randolph - Shelby - St. Clair - 023>029-037 Talladega - Tallapoosa - Tuscaloosa - Winston 26 0200CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

As a strong upper low moved across the area, flurries and bands of light snowfall developed during the early morning hours on December 26th, affecting much of Central Alabama through the day. Flurries as far south as Troy, one inch accumulations across northwest Central Alabama, and a dusting at many locations in between were reported. Gusty northwesterly winds combined with the light snowfall to bring visibilities down to around one mile at times. Roadways were slick from the Christmas Day snowfall. As the additional light snowfall combined with temperatures near or below freezing, travel conditions remained hazardous. Travel was discouraged across much of the area. With below freezing temperatures, snow remained on the ground for several days in parts of north Central Alabama.

ALABAMA, North

ALZ008>010-016 Cullman - Dekalb - Jackson - Marshall 01 0000CST 07 0600CST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought (D2) conditions continued into early December in portions of Cullman, DeKalb, Jackson and Marshall Counties. These condtions were alleviated by multiple heavy rain events in late November.

6 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, North ALZ006-009>010- Cullman - Dekalb - Jackson - Madison - Morgan 016 12 0801CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow showers produced light accumulations on the 12th following the passage of a strong Arctic cold front. Temperatures remained in the 20s all day with periodic snow showers. Favored areas for accumulation were on the Cumberland Plateau, including Sand and Lookout Mountains, and along Brindley Mountain south of the Tennessee River. In fact, lake effect snow occurred in portions of southern Madison, eastern Morgan and Cullman Counties due to a steady northwest fetch of wind off of Lake Wheeler on the Tennessee River. Up to 2 inches of snow fell in portions of northeastern Morgan County near Union Hill and Morgan City on top of the mountain. Up to 2 inches was also reported in Hollytree in Jackson County, with an inch or less on top of Lookout and Sand Mountains in DeKalb, Jackson and Marshall Counties. Up to 1 inch fell on Brindley Mountain in northeastern portions of Cullman County due to lake effect snow during the morning hours of the 13th.

ALZ001>010-016 Colbert - Cullman - Dekalb - Franklin - Jackson - Lauderdale - Lawrence - Limestone - Madison - Marshall - Morgan 15 0700CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A wintry mix of sleet and freezing rain developed during the morning hours as warm air aloft over-topped sub-freezing temperatures at ground-level. Ice accumulations of up to a tenth of an inch were reported, especially across northeastern Alabama. Several local roads were closed on elevated surfaces and mountainous terrain. Warmer temperatures spread into northwest Alabama during the late afternoon and early evening hours improving road conditions. Dramatically, temperatures climbed into the 50s during the overnight hours in northwest and north central Alabama. Conditions improved more slowly across northeast Alabama during the early morning of the 16th.

ALZ001>010-016 Colbert - Cullman - Dekalb - Franklin - Jackson - Lauderdale - Lawrence - Limestone - Madison - Marshall - Morgan 25 0300CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system tracked east across the northern Gulf of Mexico producing a swath of snow across the Tennessee Valley on Christmas Day 2010. For Huntsville, this event resulted in a record snowfall for December 25th, and was the second White Christmas on record. The previous one was in 1989 when 0.3 inches of snow fell. A mixture of rain and snow began in northwest and north central Alabama between 3 and 5AM CST, and between 5 and 7AM in northeast Alabama. The mixture rapidly changed to all snow and became moderate to heavy at times during the morning hours. Visibility fell to 1/4 to 1/2 mile at times, with snowfall accumulating at a rate of one half to one inch per hour in some areas. All told, snowfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches on average occurred, with a few locations in the higher elevations of northeast Alabama receiving between 4 and 7 inches. Many locations in valley areas remained just above 32 degrees much of the day, thus roadways were mainly wet and slushy through the day. However, the higher elevations remained below freezing which resulted in hazardous driving conditions. As colder air filtered into the region during the overnight hours, additional snow showers developed as an upper level low dropped southeast across the region. This system produced an additional dusting to up to one inch of snowfall.

26 0100CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ALZ003>010-016 Cullman - Dekalb - Franklin - Jackson - Lawrence - Limestone - Madison - Marshall - Morgan

26 0100CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Narrow bands of snow showers and flurries redeveloped after midnight of the 26th as a strong upper upper level low dropped southeast through the Tennessee Valley. Most of the snowfall remained light, but periodic bursts of moderate to snow were reported which reduced visibility to around 3/4 mile, but in most cases ranged from 2-5 miles. New snowfall accumulations ranged from a little over a dusting up to one inch.

New daily record snowfall totals were set at Huntsville (0.3 inches) and Muscle Shoals (1.0 inches).

Already slick road conditions due to re-freezing of wet roads from the previous day's snowfall became even more slick, especially during the morning hours. Temperatures struggled to reach 30 degrees, with higher elevations even colder. Some sunshine broke through for a period during the afternoon between intermittent snow showers and flurries. This melted the snow on roadways, but also produced wet roads which would re-freeze into icy patches again during the evening and nighttime of the 26th.

7 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southeast ALZ066>069 Dale - Geneva - Henry - Houston 01 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

The extreme drought (D3), which developed across Geneva and Houston counties on October 19th and expanded into Coffee, Dale, and Henry counties on November 9th, was downgraded to a severe drought (D2) on December 7th. This severe drought (D2), which developed in mid September, continued through all of December and into January.

ALABAMA, Southwest Mobile County 1 ENE Theodore 11 2330CST 2333CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds estimated at 60 mph caused minor roof damage to an apartment building on Cary Hamilton Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Baldwin County 1 E Daphne 11 2340CST 2343CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds estimated at 60 mph downed trees down and caused damage to cars and buses at Daphne Middle School.

A line of thunderstorms produced damage across southwest Alabama. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. ALASKA, Northern

AKZ213 St Lawrence Island Bering Strait 02 2300AKS 03 0516AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A 975 mb low passed a few hundred miles south of Saint Lawrence Island during the morning of the 3rd. The low combined with a 1032 mb high across the Chukchi Sea to produce strong winds and blizzard conditions at Gambell from late on the evening of the 2nd through the early morning hours on the 3rd. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less. Northeast winds were sustained at 35 to 43 mph with a peak wind gust of 46 kt (53 mph).

AKZ204 Eastern Beaufort Sea Coast 14 0541AKS 15 0038AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A 1006 mb low in the Beaufort Sea a couple hundred miles offshore of the eastern Beaufort Sea Coast combined with a strong ridge of high pressure building into Northwest Alaska to produce strong winds and blizzard conditions at Barter Island. Frequent blizzard conditions were observed at the Barter Island AWSS from 0541AKST on the 14th through 0038AKST on the 15th. A peak wind gust of 59 mph (51 kt) was observed at the Barter Island AWSS during the event.

AKZ211 Southern Seward Peninsula Coast 18 1127AKS 19 1053AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

AKZ213 St Lawrence Island Bering Strait 18 1230AKS 1258AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

AKZ207-209-214 Baldwin Peninsula & Selawik Valley - Chukchi Sea Coast - Yukon Delta

18 1325AKS 0330AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

8 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Northern AKZ208 Lower Kobuk & Noatak Valleys 19 0806AKS 1331AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A frontal boundary associated with a 984 mb low near Wrangel Island produced heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions along portions of the west coast of Alaska on December 18-19, 2010. Zone 207: Blizzard conditions were observed at the Kivalina ASOS from 1753AKST on the 18th through 0330AKST on the 19th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter of a mile in snow and blowing snow. A peak wind gust of 42 kt (48 mph) was observed during this event. At Point Hope near-blizzard conditions were observed at times, but the visibility was one half mile or better during much of this event. The wind at the Point Hope AWOS did gust as high as 44 kt (51 mph). Zone 208: Blizzard conditions were observed at the Red Dog Mine from 0806AKST through 1331AKST on the 19th. The visibility was frequently one quarter mile or less in snow and blowing snow. A peak wind gust of 35 kt (40 mph) was observed at the Red Dog Mine. Zone 209: Blizzard conditions were observed at Kotzebue from 1353AKST on the 18th through 1553AKST on the 19th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less in snow and blowing snow. A peak wind gust of 47 kt (54 mph) was observed at the Kotzebue ASOS. Near-blizzard conditions were also observed at Selawik from 0453AKST through 1516AKST on the 19th. A peak wind gust of 32 kt (37 mph) was observed at the Selawik AWOS. Although the visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter of a mile the wind was not as strong inland as it was along the coast. Zone 211: Heavy snow was observed at Nome from late on the morning of the 18th through the late morning on the 19th. A storm total of 10 inches was observed at the Nome National Weather Service office. Zone 213: Peak wind gusts of 53 kt (61 mph) was observed at Both the Teller and Wales AWSS's during the late morning and early afternoon hours on the 18th. The high winds were accompanied by falling snow and the visibility was briefly reduced to one quarter mile in snow and blowing snow at Wales, but the blizzard conditions were short lived and the visibility was one half mile or better during much of this event. It is likely that blizzard conditions occurred in spots along the Bering Strait Coast, but there were no reports. Zone 214: Blizzard conditions were observed at Scammon Bay from 1325AKST through 1625AKST on the 18th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less in snow and blowing snow. The wind gusted as high as 46 kt (53 mph) at the Scammon Bay AWSS.

AKZ204 Eastern Beaufort Sea Coast 20 1800AKS 22 1200AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A 1008 mb low just offshore of Barter Island combined with a 1036 mb high in the Chukchi Sea to produce blizzard conditions along the eastern Beaufort Sea Coast from approximately 1800AKST on the 20th through 1200AKST on the 22nd. According to reports from law enforcement the visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less with white-out conditions at times. According to reports from both law enforcement and the public the blizzard was not as severe as the one that occurred on December 14th-15th. A peak wind gust of 53 kt (61 mph) was observed at the Barter Island AWSS.

AKZ207 Chukchi Sea Coast 23 0500AKS 1100AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A 1009 mb low in the southern Chukchi Sea combined with a 1038 mb high across the northern interior to produce a period of blizzard conditions at Kivalina during the morning hours on the 23rd. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile in snow and blowing snow from 0500AKST through 1100AKST. A peak wind gust of 39 kt (45 mph) was observed at the Kivalina ASOS. Blizzard conditions were also observed at times during the morning at Point Hope where a peak wind gust of 46 kt (53 mph) was observed at the Point Hope AWOS.

AKZ207-213 Chukchi Sea Coast - St Lawrence Island Bering Strait 25 0300AKS 26 0600AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong ridge of high pressure across eastern Russia combined with low pressure in the Gulf of Alaska to produce a strong pressure difference along the Chukchi Sea coast, the Bering Strait coast and on Saint Lawrence Island. The strong difference in pressure produced strong winds and created significant blowing and drifting snow and blizzard conditions.

9 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Northern

Zone 207: Blizzard conditions were observed at Kivalina from 1800AKST on the 25th through 0600AKST on the 26th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less with near zero visibility at times in blowing snow. A peak wind gust of 52 Kt (60 mph) was observed at the Kivalina ASOS.

Zone 213: Blizzard conditions were observed at Wales along the Bering Strait Coast and at Gambell on Saint Lawrence Island. At Wales, the blizzard conditions were observed from approximately 0300AKST on the 25th through 0400AKST on the 26th. The visibility was frequently reduced to one quarter mile or less in snow and blowing snow. A peak wind gust of 48 kt (55 mph) was observed at the Wales AWIS. Blizzard conditions were also observed at Gambell beginning at around 0300AKST on the 25th, however, the visibility sensor became inoperable during the event and it is estimated that the blizzard conditions continued through around 1200AKST on the 26th. A peak wind gust of 46 kt (53 mph) was observed at the Gambell AWOS. Blizzard conditions likely also occurred at Savoonga; however, the visibility sensor was inoperable during the event. A peak wind gust of 50 kt (58 mph) was observed at the Savoonga AWOS.

27 0001AKS 29 2359AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong ridge of high pressure across eastern Russia combined with low pressure in the Gulf of Alaska to produce a strong winds and blizzard conditions at Savoonga on the 25th into the 26th (see separate episode on the blizzard). Once the blizzard conditions ended a north wind of 25 to 40 mph continued on the 27th. The electric lines and insulators became laden with frozen salt water from the Bering Sea. The strong winds caused arcing that caused the power lines to short out, and the power remained out for about three days. One hundred forty people took shelter at the school during this time. Many pipes in the village were frozen and burst during the outage. Of the 159 homes at Savoonga, 39 sustained damage due to water pipes freezing and bursting from the lack of heat once the homes lost electricity to their furnaces, boilers and water pumps. The city water system remained online.

AKZ204-206 Eastern Beaufort Sea Coast - North Brooks Range east of Colville River

28 0256AKS 0800AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Temperatures of 30 to 35 below zero combined with a northeast wind of around 15 mph to produce wind chills as low as 67 below zero at the Anaktuvuk Pass AWOS from 2216AKST on the 26th through 2216AKST on the 27th. Another period of low wind chills was observed on the 28th, with wind chills as low as 62 below zero from 0256AKST until 0856AKST.

AKZ203 Central Beaufort Sea Coast 29 0700AKS 1700AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Temperatures near 30 below combined with a west wind of around 20 mph at Barter Island to produce wind chills as low as 61 below from approximately 0400AKST through 0800AKST on the 28th. Although the 60 below wind chills were observed for only about 4 hours, the wind chills the remainder of the day on the 28th were mainly in the 55 to 60 below range. At Deadhorse, temperatures of 40 below combined with a southwest wind of 15 mph to produce wind chills as low as 75 below from approximately 0700AKST until 1700AKST on the 29th.

ALASKA, Southeast

AKZ019 Haines Borough and Lynn Canal 04 0600AKS 05 0900AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

On 12/3 arctic high pressure over the Yukon gave way to a front moving over the area from the south. This front was associated with a storm in the Bering Sea. Warm moist air moved over the remaining cold air at the surface. Snow changed rapidly to rain after the front passed later on 12/3 and then as a second mass of cold air moved through changed back to snow again.

AKZ017-022-025 Cape Fairweather to Cape Suckling Coastal Area - Juneau Borough and Northern Admiralty Island - Salisbury Sound to Cape Fairweather Coastal Area - Taiya Inlet and Klondike Highway 30 0900AKS 31 2359AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

On the afternoon of 12/29 arctic air was over the northern Panhandle. A strong warm front was approaching from the south associated with as storm center all the way over at the eastern Aleutians. Warm over running snow continued into the morning of the 31st.

10 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Southern AKZ191 Western Aleutians 01 1730AKS 1800AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An intense storm pushed a front through the western Aleutians the evening of December first producing high winds gusting to 76 mph at Shemya.

AKZ155 Kuskokwim Delta 02 2300AKS 03 0300AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ121-161 Bristol Bay - Kenai Peninsula 03 0200AKS 1500AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ145 Susitna Valley 03 0900AKS 04 0500AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

AKZ125 Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains 03 1100AKS 1500AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ101 Anchorage Muni to Bird Creek 03 1100AKS 1830AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

AKZ131-135 Northeastern Prince William Sound - Southeastern Prince William Sound

03 1300AKS 04 0000AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An intense Bering Sea storm pushed a front inland along the Bering Sea coast the evening of December 2nd. A low formed along the front in the northern Gulf of Alaska late in the afternoon of December 3rd. Strong wind combined with snow produced blizzard conditions across portions of southwest that then spread into the Cook Inlet region and Prince William Sound. Heavy snow fell in the Susitna Valley in the strong moist southerly flow Friday and Saturday.

10 1000AKS 1900AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A Gulf of Alaska low moved to Prince William Sound producing snow over the Chugach Mountains along with strong wind. The combination of the wind and snow resulted in blizzard conditions from Keystone Canyon through Thompson Pass December 10th. The Thompson Pass DOT crew reported around 1.5 feet of snow in the pass during this event.

AKZ131-135 Northeastern Prince William Sound - Southeastern Prince William Sound

14 1700AKS 15 0900AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

AKZ111 Matanuska Valley 15 0053AKS 1700AKS 0 0 130.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong storm in the Gulf of Alaska combined with deep cold arctic air and high pressure over interior Alaska resulted in strong north gap winds across south central Alaska. Along with the strong wind, low temperatures resulted in low wind chills across much of the south central and southeast mainland regions of Alaska. The peak measured wind was 87 mph in the Wasilla area. Gusts very likely reached around 100 mph during this event based upon the damage and power outages associated with this event in the Palmer and Wasilla area. Peak wind gust were measured to 91 mph through Thompson Pass.

11 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Southern AKZ171 Kodiak Peninsula 21 1318AKS 2200AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ181 Alaska Peninsula 21 1945AKS 22 2300AKS 0 0 2.0K 0.00K High Wind

An intense Gulf of Alaska storm produced strong northwest wind and snow across Kodiak resulting in blizzard conditions. This same storm also resulted in strong northwest wind across the Alaska Peninsula.

AKZ125-131 Northeastern Prince William Sound - Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains

22 1740AKS 23 0750AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Gulf of Alaska storm coupled with deep cold arctic air over interior Alaska produced strong north gap winds through the Chugach Mountains. Peak wind gusts of 94 mph were observed at the Valdez airport during this event.

AKZ181 Alaska Peninsula 26 0525AKS 0845AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong storm in the Gulf of Alaska produced strong northwest wind across the Alaska Peninsula.

AKZ195 Pribilof Islands 29 0850AKS 30 1340AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong low moved along the Aleutians and Alaska Peninsula producing strong northeast wind with snow and blowing snow resulting in a blizzard.

AKZ145 Susitna Valley 30 1800AKS 31 1200AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A storm over southwest Alaska produced strong moist southerly flow into the Susitna Valley. This resulted in moderate to heavy snowfall, especially in the northern and western portions of the Susitna Valley. Snow fall amounts ranged from 6 inches in some areas to 18 inches on the East Fork and 17 inches at Eaglesong Lodge.

AKZ131-195 Northeastern Prince William Sound - Pribilof Islands 31 0500AKS 2100AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A storm moved into south central Alaska Friday, December 31st that produced strong wind and snow through the Thompson Pass area resulting in a blizzard.

ARIZONA, Central and Northeast

AZZ015 Western Mogollon Rim 17 0000MST 23 1800MST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

A southwest flow with a relatively shallow moist layer moved over northern Arizona for several days before a cold front swept across the state. The moist layer was below freezing however, the layer was not thick enough or cold enough to allow microphysical dendritical growth to occur. This caused periods of mist at the lower elevations and heavy accumulations of rime ice on trees and radio equipment above about 8500 feet. A cold front ushered in a much thicker layer of moisture, lift, and stronger winds. This brought accumulating snow. Hundreds of trees were brought down by the weight of the ice, snow, and winds.

12 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARIZONA, Central and Northeast AZZ004-006-008- Eastern Mogollon Rim - Grand Canyon Country - Kaibab Plateau - Northern Gila County - Oak Creek 015>018-038 and Sycamore Canyons - Western Mogollon Rim - White Mountains - Yavapai County Mountains

29 0300MST 30 1900MST 0 16 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

AZZ015 Western Mogollon Rim 29 0600MST 1900MST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K High Wind

AZZ013 Little Colorado River Valley in Navajo County 29 0900MST 30 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong and extremely cold Pacific storm system moved across Arizona December 29th and 30th. Heavy snow and strong winds produced hazardous weather conditions across much of northern Arizona.

ARIZONA, Northwest Mohave County Beaver Dam 21 0900MST 23 1500MST 0 0 4.00M 0.00K Flood

The Beaver Dam Wash flooded the community of Beaver Dam. Six homes were washed away, 12 more were damaged, two mobile homes and a garage were destroyed, and a 300-400 foot stretch of Clark Gable Drive was washed out. The water flowed into the Virgin River, which then flooded Littlefield, damaging a sewer lift station.

Mohave County 11 NNW Willow Beach 22 1215MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Parking Lot 11 at the Hoover Dam was closed due to boulders washing into the road.

Mohave County 5 NE (LHU)Lake Havasu Cit 22 1715MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Visibility was reduced to 100 feet in rain and windblown debris.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Mohave County 2 NW Riviera 22 1730MST 2230MST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several roads were closed by flooding in the Bullhead City area.

A series of storms fueled by a tropical moisture tap pounded the Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin for several days. Extremely heavy snow and widespread flooding resulted.

ARIZONA, South

AZZ510-514 GALIURO AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS - SANTA CATALINA AND RINCON MOUNTAINS - WHITE MOUNTAINS OF GRAHAM AND GREENLEE COUNTIES 29 1500MST 30 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

AZZ504-506>509- CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS - DRAGOON/MULE/HUACHUCA AND SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS - 512>513 EASTERN COCHISE COUNTY BELOW 5000 FEET - SOUTHEAST PINAL COUNTY - TUCSON METRO AREA - UPPER GILA RIVER AND ARAVAIPA VALLEYS - UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER VALLEY 30 0600MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

13 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARIZONA, South

A very strong winter storm moved through Southeast Arizona on December 29th into December 30th. This system started relatively warm on the 29th with the first wave of precipitation and associated cold front with only some of the mountaintops seeing snow. However, an arctic cold front associated with this storm moved through December 30th and lowered snow levels to about 2500 feet with some areas as low as 3000 feet seeing accumulating snow. Some of the mountainous terrain across Southeast Arizona had about 2 feet of snow total.

ARIZONA, Southwest Gila County 5 SE Roosevelt 30 0400MST 0500MST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A billboard along State Highway 188 across from Spring Creek Store was damaged and a nearby tree was uprooted. In addition, part of a rooftop cooler was blown down. Finally, a member of the public reported a measured wind gust to 59 mph at 435 am in Tonto Village. This person also indicated that 1.84 inches of storm total precipitation was observed.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

AZZ023 Greater Phoenix Area 31 1800MST 2300MST 0 0 Sleet

Showers developed and became moderate to heavy at times. Phoenix set a record precipitation amount on Wednesday December 29th. A line of thunderstorms with locally strong winds also developed and moved eastward during the early morning hours of the 30th. Phoenix Sky Harbor airport had a wind gust of 49 mph.

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central

ARZ025-033-042> Arkansas - Bradley - Calhoun - Clark - Cleveland - Dallas - Desha - Drew - Garland - Grant - Hot Spring - 047-052>057-062> Jackson - Jefferson - Lonoke - Monroe - Ouachita - Pike - Prairie - Pulaski - Saline - White - Woodruff 063-065>069 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought encompassed the southeastern half of Arkansas throughout the month of December. Extreme drought developed over part of southern Arkansas during the last week of the month.

Woodruff County 1 WNW Patterson 05 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood Cavell 09 The White River at Patterson rose above flood stage during the early morning hours on the 5th, then dropped below flood stage during the early morning hours of the 9th.

ARZ039-041 Montgomery - Perry 07 0600CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought spread to Perry and Montgomery counties early in December.

ARZ003>007-012> Arkansas - Baxter - Boone - Bradley - Calhoun - Clark - Cleburne - Cleveland - Conway - Dallas - Desha - 016-021>025-030> Drew - Faulkner - Fulton - Garland - Grant - Hot Spring - Independence - Izard - Jackson - Jefferson - 034-037>047-052> Johnson - Lincoln - Logan - Lonoke - Marion - Monroe - Montgomery - Newton - Ouachita - Perry - Pike - 057-062>069 Polk - Pope - Prairie - Pulaski - Saline - Scott - Searcy - Sharp - Stone - Van Buren - White - Woodruff - Yell

11 1030CST 12 2030CST 0 0 1.45M 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front moved across Arkansas on the 11th. Strong winds followed the front, bringing down some power lines and blowing over Christmas yard decorations. The winds ushered much colder air into Arkansas.

14 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central ARZ015 Izard 13 1200CST 1620CST 0 0 Wildfire

ARZ053 Clark 15 1100CST 1615CST 0 0 Wildfire

A lack of rainfall, combined with periodic low humidities and breezy conditions, created conditions favorable for wildfires in the middle of December.

ARZ031-037-040 Conway - Polk - Scott - Yell 21 0600CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought spread to Conway, Yell, Scott, and Polk counties during the latter half of December.

ARZ007-016-024- Cleburne - Faulkner - Independence - Sharp 032 28 0600CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought spread to Sharp, Independence, Cleburne, and Faulkner counties the last week in December.

Johnson County 1 N Oark 31 0908CST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

Boone County 1 S Lowry 31 0937CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several power lines were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Newton County Lurton 31 0953CST 0 0 Hail (1.25)

Searcy County 1 N Marshall 31 1032CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down in the city of Marshall. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Baxter County 3 NNE Mountain Home 31 1048CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (53MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph.

Izard County 1 N Calico Rock 31 1114CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Izard County Wiseman 31 1127CST 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several windows were blown out in Wiseman. A tractor was blown over and moved, and part of a roof was torn off.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Fulton County 3 WSW Mammoth Spg 31 1200CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Damage occurred in the vicinity of the Jim Hinkle Fish Hatchery on the Spring River. A roof was blown off a storage building, there was roof damage to a house, an 80-foot section of a fence was damaged, a feed bin was overturned, and some trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

15 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Fulton County 1 NNE Kittle 31 1205CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down between Kittle and Lake Omaha.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Monroe County 1 NNW Clarendon 31 1655CST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

Lincoln County Grady 31 1719CST 0 0 Hail (1.75)

Unseasonably warm, moist air spread up into Arkansas at the end of December. A cold front plowed into the unstable air, setting off thunderstorms on the 31st. A few of the storms produced large hail and damaging winds.

ARKANSAS, East

ARZ008-017>018- Clay - Craighead - Cross - Greene - Lawrence - Lee - Mississippi - Phillips - Poinsett - Randolph - St. 026>028-035-048> Francis 049-058 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Below normal rainfall continued through the month of December across much of Eastern Arkansas. The lack of rainfall continued severe (D2) drought conditions across most of Eastern Arkansas while portions of Northeast Arkansas remained entrenched in extreme (D3) drought conditions. The biggest impact from the drought were hydrological concerns as many lake and river levels remained at low levels. Although some agricultural concerns remained as well as many pastures were in poor condition forcing farmers to feed livestock with baled hay.

ARZ018-026-028 Craighead - Greene - Mississippi 15 0500CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system developed over the Southern Plains during the late evening hours of December 14th, 2010. The system moved east into the Mid-South during the early morning hours of December 15th, 2010 and continued throughout the morning. Precipitation associated with the system fell in the form of freezing rain as temperatures had dropped to 32 degrees or just slightly below. Ice accumulations were generally less than a tenth of an inch and was mainly confined to elevated surfaces. However many bridges and overpasses became icy causing numerous accidents. By afternoon, precipitation either tapered off or changed over to rain as temperatures rose to above freezing.

Lawrence County 2 NW (ARG)Walnut Ridge Ar 31 1400CST 1405CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Penny size hail fell along Highway 67 near the Lawrence and Randolph County line.

Mississippi County Manila 31 2115CST 2120CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Crittenden County Crawfordsville 31 2125CST 2130CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Mississippi County Joiner 31 2130CST 2135CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

16 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, East Mississippi County Cottonwood Corner 31 2150CST 2155CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Penny to quarter size hail fell at the Days Inn at the Osceola exit on Interstate 55.

A strong cold front moved through the Mid-South during the afternoon and evening hours of December 31st, 2010. The front interacted with a warm, unstable airmass and produced numerous showers and thunderstorms. Some storms became severe producing large hail and flash flooding.

ARKANSAS, Northwest Crawford County Cedarville 30 2210CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Carroll County 4 WNW Oak Grove 30 2310CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Strong thunderstorm winds destroyed a small barn, damaged a car port awning and snapped large tree limbs.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Madison County 4 E Clifty 30 2335CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Strong thunderstorm winds rolled over and destroyed a mobile home and destroyed a barn on Highway 23.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Washington County 2 WSW Cincinnati 31 0608CST 1 N Wedington 0617CST 8.6 500 4 7 1.50M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

This segment is the second of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado moved into Washington County snapping numerous trees as it approached the town of Cincinnati. In Cincinnati, the tornado destroyed several permanent homes, destroyed the volunteer fire station, destroyed a mobile home, damaged several other permanent homes, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, snapped numerous power poles, and destroyed barns and outbuildings. Two people were killed in the mobile home that was destroyed and a third person was killed either in or near a barn while he was tending to his cattle. At least seven injuries also occurred. The tornado was about 300 yards wide when it went through town. The maximum estimated wind speed in the tornado based on this damage was 140 mph. The tornado continued to move rapidly northeastward and widened to about 500 yards northeast of Cincinnati. Several permanent homes were severely damaged, several mobile homes were destroyed, at least four chicken houses were destroyed, outbuildings were destroyed, numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and power poles were snapped. A woman in one of the mobile homes that was destroyed was transported to a hospital with serious injuries. She later died from those injuries on January 4th. The tornado continued into Benton County, Arkansas. M88MH, F78MH, F95MH, M78OU

Benton County 3 E Trident 31 0617CST 3 S Pedro 0619CST 2.3 400 0 2 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This segment is the third of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado severely damaged a couple permanent homes, destroyed a mobile home, destroyed barns, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and snapped power poles in this portion of Benton County. Two injuries occurred in the mobile home that was destroyed on Winwood Ranch Road. The maximum estimated wind speed based on this damage was 130 mph. The tornado continued into Washington County, Arkansas.

17 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Northwest Washington County 3 NNE Wedington 31 0619CST 3 NNW Savoy 0621CST 2.2 300 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This segment is the fourth of six segments of this long-track tornado. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in this segment. Estimated maximum wind speed based on this damage was 125 mph. The tornado moved northeastward and crossed back into Benton County, Arkansas.

Benton County 2 SSE Robinson 31 0621CST 0623CST 1.9 300 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This segment is the fifth of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado severely damaged a permanent home, destroyed a barn, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and snapped power poles. The maximum estimated wind speed in this segment of the tornado based on this damage was 125 mph. The tornado moved northeast and back into Washington County, Arkansas.

Washington County 3 WNW Harmon 31 0623CST 3 W Elm Spgs 0627CST 4 250 0 1 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This segment is the sixth of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado overturned a box truck on Highway 412, injuring its driver, severely damaged a couple permanent homes, severely damaged a mobile home, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and snapped numerous power poles. The maximum estimated wind speed in this segment of the tornado based on this damage was 125 mph.

Washington County 2 N Odell 31 0626CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind blew down large tree limbs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Carroll County 2 NNW Oak Grove 31 0748CST 0750CST 2 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A weak tornado damaged trees and barns. This tornado continued into Stone County, Missouri.

Carroll County 2 NNE Oak Grove 31 0750CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind blew down large tree limbs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Franklin County 1 NW Jethro 31 0846CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into northwestern Arkansas ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of those storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front over eastern Oklahoma as it pushed into the area. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati in Washington County. Debris was transported by the tornado into northern Benton County and was reported in Bella Vista and Pea Ridge. The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA) was closed for three hours to remove the debris from the flight line. Another supercell produced a short-lived, weak tornado in Carroll County that moved into Missouri.

18 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Southeast Chicot County 4 W Indian 11 1519CST 2 ENE Grand Lake 1529CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

A swath of nickel to half dollar sized hail was observed in the southern portion of the county.

During the afternoon of December 11, a storm system with some instability and gulf moisture, combined with a strong cold front to bring a line of isolated severe storms to southeast Arkansas. One particular storm brought half dollar sized hail to portions of southern Chicot County.

ARKANSAS, Southwest

ARZ050-059>061- Columbia - Hempstead - Howard - Lafayette - Little River - Miller - Nevada - Sevier - Union 070>073 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Even though widespread rainfall from two to five inches fell across portions of Southwest Arkansas during the month of November, the month of December was a very dry month across all of southern and southwest Arkansas. While November's rainfall allowed the southern part of the state to climb into the D2 Severe Drought category, the very dry month of December boosted the region into D3 Extreme Drought category. Once again, many counties saw burn bans throughout the month as the fire danger was very high across the region. The U.S. Department of Agriculture had designated the entire state of Arkansas as a natural disaster area because of loses caused by drought, excessive heat and related insect and diseases that began April 1st across the state. The following are a few selected cities across Southwest Arkansas with their monthly rainfall totals and departures from normal, as well as yearly rainfall totals through the end of December and the departures from normal. Texarkana monthly rainfall was 1.27. The departure from normal was -3.56. The yearly rainfall through December was 29.53. The yearly departure from normal through December was -17.85. Dequeen monthly rainfall was 1.51. The departure from normal was -3.74. The yearly rainfall through December was 31.55. The yearly departure from normal through December was -23.56. El Dorado monthly rainfall was 0.48. The departure from normal was -4.32. The yearly rainfall through December was 34.23. The yearly departure from normal through December was -19.88.

CALIFORNIA, North Central

CAZ068-069 Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada

14 0500PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A fast moving winter storm brought up to a foot of snow above 5000 feet across the west side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

CAZ013-068>069 Burney Basin/Eastern Shasta County - Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County - Shasta Lake/North Shasta County - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada 17 1400PST 20 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Several feet of snow fell in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and snow levels dropped to near 4000 feet.

CAZ068-069 Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada

28 1500PST 29 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Another winter storm brought up to two more feet of snow in the higher elevations and snow levels were down to near 4000 feet.

19 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Northeast CAZ072 Greater Lake Tahoe Area 14 0500PST 15 0100PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Weather

A system driving into the Pacific Northwest dragged a cold front through northeast California on the 14th and 15th. This brought gusty winds along with a moderate Sierra snowfall and a light snowfall for some lower elevations.

28 1500PST 29 0800PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

CAZ073 Mono 28 1800PST 29 0700PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

An upper low moved from the Pacific Northwest coast to eastern Nevada from the morning of the 29th to the 30th.

CALIFORNIA, South Central

CAZ090-095 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Kern County Mountains 05 1513PST 2059PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

December began with an upper-level ridge over California. With a stable airmass over the region, skies cleared and early morning temperatures in the rural areas fell to near freezing on the 1st. As fog developed toward sunrise, the risk of clear or black ice on bridges and overpasses increased. A developing Pacific storm dropped south from the Gulf of Alaska on December 3rd-4th, strengthening the ridge and bringing warmer temperatures to the region. Fresno reached a high of 64 degrees on the 4th, and the average temperature for the date of 57 degrees was 10 degrees above normal. The high at Bakersfield on the 4th also was 64 degrees. The center of the storm remained offshore on December 5th, generating strong southerly winds over interior central California. Winds downsloped through the Grapevine into the south end of the San Joaquin Valley, with a spotter estimating gusts of 60-70 mph near the Interstate 5-Highway 99 split, and Meadows Field in Bakersfield had gusts to 41 mph. The downslope winds also warmed Bakersfield to a high of 69 degrees. The storm was moved rapidly through the region during the evening of the 5th, with most of the precipitation falling while the area was still in the warm sector of the storm. As a result, snow levels remained above 8,000 feet and accumulations were lighter than expected. The storm lifted northeast through the Great Basin into Idaho during the night of December 5th-6th and the following morning. This allowed an upper-level ridge to move over California, creating conditions for patchy night and morning fog in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. The fog was most prevalent in the Atwater-Merced area and along the Highway 198 corridor from Lemoore through Hanford to Visalia and Tulare, the normally fog-prone areas. One surprise was the development of dense fog in the Mojave Desert and Indian Wells Valley during the morning of the 6th. The visibility at Edwards AFB fell to 1/8 of a mile, and the ASOS at the China Lake N.W.T.C. reported a visibility of less than a quarter mile. The fog began lifting by mid morning, but formed again the next morning, only not as thick. The visibility at Edwards AFB fell to 1½ mile during the morning of December 7th, but remained above 7 miles at the China Lake Naval Weapons Test Center.

CAZ096-097 South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Mountains 17 1000PST 20 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Madera County Oakhurst 17 2205PST Chowchilla 19 1900PST 0 0 35.00K 0.00K Flood

At 2205 PST on the 17th the CHP reported rock slides on State Route 49 at Harmony Lane, 3 miles WNW of Oakhurst in Madera County. Several other flood reports on the 18th and 19th in the Madera area and nearby foothills.

20 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central Kern County Randsburg 19 0900PST Ridgecrest 21 0000PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flood

CHP reported flooding on Red Rock Randsburg Road about 5 miles west of Randsburg. CHP also reported flooding on Garlock Road at northbound US 395. Tulare County 1 E Cinowths Corner 19 0901PST 21 0000PST 0 0 1.00M 0.00K Flood

Local emergency management reported Highway 198 was shut down east of Akers Ave in Visalia due to severe flooding. The roadway was closed off and on for several days due to periodic flooding. At 1126 PST on the 19th the CHP reported mud flowing into the number 2 lane of state route 198 at Court Avenue in Visalia.

Flooding of Highway 198 through Visalia occurred on December 19th. This is the principal freeway through the city. Photo courtesy: NWS Hanford, CA. Fresno County (FAT) air Terminal 19 1100PST Selma 21 0000PST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Flood

Widespread flooding reported on the 19th and 20th around metro Fresno and the adjacent foothills.

Kern County (BFL)Meadows Field Ap 19 1100PST Taft 21 0000PST 0 0 5.00M 0.00K Flood

At 1235 PST on the 19th local officials reported widespread flooding on many city streets in Bakersfield and around Kern County. At 1205 PST on the 20th the CHP reported large rock slides on CA Highway 178 have closed the Kern Canyon Road that connects Bakersfield and Lake Isabella. At 1600 PST on the 20th Local officials reported the city drainage infrastructure in Bakersfield was overwhelmed and backing up in some areas. Several city streets were flooded and closed with deep water.

Kern County 3 SSW Garlock 20 1821PST 3 NE Neuralia 2245PST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The Highway Patrol reported basketball size rocks washed onto Hwy 14 at Jawbone Canyon.

21 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central

The first in a series of low pressure systems, rotating around an upper level low pressure system centered off the coast of the Pacific Northwest, moved through the central California interior, during the night of the 16th into the 17th, bringing copious amounts of moisture to the area. By the evening of the 17th, many locations in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley received from a half inch to over one inch of rain. Locations in the southern Sierra Nevada foothills received up to 3 inches of rain over a 24 hour period. During the evening of the 17th into the early morning hours of the 18th, local roadway flooding, mudslides, and rockslides were reported in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley from Bakersfield northward, in the mountain areas of Kern County, and in the southern Sierra Nevada foothills. There was a break in the weather during most of the day of December 18th, but the next storm arrived during the late afternoon and continued overnight and into the next day. By the time midnight arrived, Bakersfield had recorded a record 1.37 inch of rain. Even more rain fell the next day at Meadows Field, shattering rainfall records. Below is the Record Event Report summarizing the records from the six-day series of storms:

...Summary of precipitation and temperature records at Bakersfield And Fresno during the December 17-22 series of storms...

A series of strong pacific storms moved into central and southern California beginning December 17th and continuing through the 22nd. Bakersfield shattered several precipitation records during this Period...as well as setting a record high minimum temperature on The 19th. Fresno set a record high minimum temperature on December 18th...and had record rainfall the next day. Bakersfield... 18th...record rainfall for the date of 1.37 inch. The old record was 0.30 inch...set in 1921. 19th...record rainfall for the date of 1.53 inch. The old record was 0.48 inch...set in 1984. This also was the wettest day on Record for december at bakersfield. The previous wettest day In december was december 27th 1936...with 1.02 inch of rain. 18-19th...the 24-hour rainfall of 2.31 inches was the highest 24-hour Rainfall on record for december. The previous record was 1.15 Inch...set on december 3-4th 1914. This also was the 3rd Highest 24-hour rainfall on record for bakersfield after February 9- 10th 1978 3.02 inches and January 24-25th 1999 2.32 inches. 19th...record high minimum temperature for the date of 55 degrees. The old record was 53 degrees...set in 1981. 20th...the rainfall for the date at meadows field was 0.85 inch. This was only 0.01 inch shy of the record rainfall for the Date of 0.86 inch...set in 1943. The rainfall at Meadows Field...Bakersfield for December through The 22nd was 4.95 inches. This broke the record for the wettest December on record...surpassing the previous wettest December... 2.98 inches for December 1931. December 2010 also is the 2nd wettest Month on record for Bakersfield ...after February 1998 with 5.36 inches of rain. Fresno...17th...record rainfall for the date of 1.12 inch. The old record was 1.10 inch...set in 1977. 18th...record high minimum temperature for the date of 52 degrees. The old record was 51 degrees...set in 1894. 19th...record rainfall for the date of 0.90 inch. The old record was 0.69 inch...set in 1952.

Snowfall in the southern Sierra Nevada was in measured in feet, with total new snow accumulations reaching around 15 feet at Wet Meadow and Crabtree Meadow. There were numerous reports of flooding in the southern Sierra Nevada foothills and on the central and southern San Joaquin Valley floor, as runoff from the heavy rains overwhelmed drainage systems.

CAZ096 South Sierra Mountains 25 1800PST 26 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

CAZ092-095 Kern County Mountains - Southeast San Joaquin Valley 25 1907PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ096-097 South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Mountains 28 0200PST 29 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Fresno County Kerman 29 0500PST 6 SE Auberry 1100PST 0 0 125.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused widespread urban and poor drainage flooding on the morning of the 29th across much of the San Joaquin Valley. Especially hard hit were the metro areas of Fresno, Visalia, and Bakersfield, and the adjacent foothills.

Kern County Taft 29 0500PST Mc Farland 1100PST 0 0 1.00M 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused widespread urban and poor drainage flooding on the morning of the 29th across much of the San Joaquin Valley. Especially hard hit were the metro areas of Fresno, Visalia, and Bakersfield, and the adjacent foothills.

22 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central Kings County Lemoore 29 0500PST Corcoran Arpt 1100PST 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused widespread urban and poor drainage flooding on the morning of the 29th across much of the San Joaquin Valley. Especially hard hit were the metro areas of Fresno, Visalia, and Bakersfield, and the adjacent foothills.

Madera County Coarsegold 29 0500PST Madera Muni Arpt 1100PST 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused widespread urban and poor drainage flooding on the morning of the 29th across much of the San Joaquin Valley. Especially hard hit were the metro areas of Fresno, Visalia, and Bakersfield, and the adjacent foothills.

Merced County (MER)Castle Afb 29 0500PST Merced 1100PST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused widespread urban and poor drainage flooding on the morning of the 29th across much of the San Joaquin Valley. Especially hard hit were the metro areas of Fresno, Visalia, and Bakersfield, and the adjacent foothills.

Tulare County Tulare 29 0500PST Visalia 1100PST 0 0 0.50M 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused widespread urban and poor drainage flooding on the morning of the 29th across much of the San Joaquin Valley. Especially hard hit were the metro areas of Fresno, Visalia, and Bakersfield, and the adjacent foothills.

CAZ099 Southeast Kern County Desert 29 1914PST 30 1900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

There was a break in the weather on December 23rd and 24th, as a weak upper-level ridge moved into California. Light winds and a stable airmass aloft allowed areas of dense fog to develop over parts of the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. But the break was short-lived, as yet another storm was dropping south out of the Gulf of Alaska. Christmas Day, 2010, saw precipitation move north over the central California interior, as the upper-level low remained offshore. The heaviest rain and snow fell during the late afternoon and evening of December 25th, and some flooding was reported during the evening on the east side of the San Joaquin Valley. East Bakersfield was the hardest hit, as the saturated ground could not absorb the additional runoff. On the evening of Christmas Day, Bakersfield received 0.42 inch of rain, raising the total for Meadows Field through the 25th to 5.37 inches. This broke the old record for the wettest month of 5.36 inches set in February 1998. In the high country of the Southern Sierra Nevada, between 6 and 13 inches of new snow fell from December 25th through the morning of the 26th. The storm quickly moved east during the night of December 25th-26th, and skies began clearing from the west. This allowed dense fog to develop over parts of the central and southern San Joaquin Valley during the early morning hours of December 26th. Weak upper-level short-waves moved through California during the nights of the 26th-27th and the 27th-28th, bringing some mid-level and high clouds to the region. This only flattened a weak upper-level ridge over California, and did not prevent fog from redeveloping, although the fog did form later on these nights than on the 25th-26th. The last storm of the month arrived on December 28th and continued into the next day. Fresno had a record rainfall of 0.92 inch on the 28th, breaking the old record of 0.72 inch, set in 2004. The two-day total at Fresno-Yosemite International Airport was 1.54 inch, which pushed the December rainfall to 5.92 inches for the second wettest December on record for Fresno; the wettest December was in 1955, with 6.73 inches. Fresno also surpassed Bakersfield for the monthly total by a tenth of an inch. Up to 4 feet of fresh snow fell on the high country of the Southern Sierra Nevada, and strong winds developed over much of the region as a very cold airmass moved into the central California interior. While the winds kept central and southern San Joaquin Valley lows in the upper 20s to mid 30s on the morning of December 30th, light winds allowed lows to fall a few degrees colder the next morning. Lows in the coldest, wind-sheltered Valley locations bottomed out in the mid 20s on the 31st, and even Bakersfield and Fresno fell below 32 degrees. December 31st was not only the coldest low of the month at both Bakersfield and Fresno, it also was the coldest low of the year for Fresno, and tied with November 30th for the coldest low at Bakersfield.

23 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southeast CAZ519 Eastern Sierra slopes of Inyo County 05 1800PST 06 0000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving Pacific storm system brought a brief burst of heavy snow to the Sierra on the night of the 5th-6th.

CAZ520 Owens Valley 14 1742PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A weak storm system brought a brief period of downslope winds to the eastern Sierra slopes and the Owens Valley. One high wind gust was measured.

CAZ519 Eastern Sierra slopes of Inyo County 17 1300PST 22 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

CAZ521 WHITE MOUNTAINS OF INYO COUNTY 18 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 20 Inyo County 4 W Lone Pine 19 0844PST 1100PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding washed boulders onto Whitney Portal Road. Inyo County 1 WSW Bishop 19 1240PST 1500PST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy rain produced minor flooding of numerous streets and several yards in Bishop.

Inyo County 1 SSW Olancha 19 1530PST 2330PST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

At least a foot of water flowed across Highway 395 south of Olancha. The ending time is estimated.

Inyo County 4 ESE Fish Spgs 19 1700PST 5 WSW Ballarat 20 0000PST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several county roads in Death Valley National Park were covered by water and debris.

San Bernardino County 7 WNW Calico 19 1845PST 2100PST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding at the intersection of Irwin Road and Copper City Road trapped two men in their vehicle.

San Bernardino County 1 NE Lenwood 19 1920PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The intersection of Cedar Road and Jasper Road was flooded, with a vehicle possibly stuck in the water.

Inyo County 1 NNW Linnie 19 2020PST 2300PST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A vehicle was stuck in flood waters on Kennedy Meadow Road just east of Highway 395.

24 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southeast San Bernardino County 10 N Calico 20 0000PST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Flash Flood 22 Many roads on Fort Irwin were flooded and/or washed out. San Bernardino County 3 NNE Yucca Vly Arpt 20 1622PST 1900PST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Yucca Mesa Road and Indio Avenue were closed due to softball sized rocks and a foot of water on the roads.

San Bernardino County 1 NE Lenwood 20 1638PST 1900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Eight to ten inches of water flowed through the intersection of Cedar Road and Jasper Road.

San Bernardino County 3 SW Hodge 21 1430PST 2 NE Barstow 24 0900PST 0 0 5.00M 0.00K Flood

The Mojave River overflowed its banks due to a combination of heavy rain and emergency release of water from Cedar Spring Dam near Arrowhead. Numerous roads were covered with mud and closed, one bridge was washed out, a broken levee flooded a neighborhood, and three swift water rescues were performed.

San Bernardino County 1 WNW Yucca Vly 22 1000PST 2 SW Joshua Tree Arpt 1400PST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several roads were closed by flooding in Yucca Valley and Joshua Tree. One vehicle was stuck in the water on Mojave Ranch Road in Joshua Tree. San Bernardino County 4 NNE Pioneertown 22 1015PST 1415PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A car was stuck in floodwaters on Old Woman Springs Road at Pipes Canyon Road. Reche Road in Landers was also full of debris. San Bernardino County 1 NNE Pioneer Pt 22 1204PST 1504PST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Highway 178 flooded just north of Trona, trapping seven people in vehicles.

Inyo County 1 WNW Tecopa 22 1208PST 24 1800PST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The community of Tecopa was completely cut off when the only three paved roads into and out of the town were flooded. More than 18 inches of water flowed across one road for two days straight.

A series of storms fueled by a tropical moisture tap pounded the Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin for several days. Extremely heavy snow and widespread flooding resulted.

CAZ519 Eastern Sierra slopes of Inyo County 28 1800PST 29 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

CAZ519-523-525 Eastern Sierra slopes of Inyo County - Morongo Basin - Owens Valley - Western Mojave Desert

29 1037PST 2135PST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K High Wind

25 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southeast

A Pacific storm produced areas of high winds over the Owens Valley and Mojave Desert, and locally heavy snow in the mountains.

CALIFORNIA, Southwest Orange County 19 SE San Clemente 19 0600PST 20 ESE San Juan Hot Spgs 22 1700PST 0 0 36.00M 0.00K Flood

Orange County officials estimate the total damages to public and private property at $36 million, due the 10+ of rain received by many areas. The city of Laguna Beach was certainly the hardest hit, making up approximately $12 million of the county's damages. Twelve miles of beaches in the county also had to be closed due to massive amounts of debris and pollution in storm runoff.

San Bernardino County 4 W Mt Baldy 19 0600PST 4 S Adelanto Hlndale Arp 22 1700PST 0 0 97.00M 0.00K Flood

San Bernardino County was the hardest hit county in California in terms of amount of damage due to the heavy rain at the end of December. County officials put the total damage amount (including public and private property of all types and labor to repair damage) at approximately $97 million. Both state and federal money will be available to help those affected. Highway 395 at Highway 18 completely flooded with several stalled vehicles. Eastbound Highway 138 just west of LA County line has mud, debris and water across all lanes. Highway 18, west of Sheep Creek road is closed, as well as Koala Road between Rancho and El Mirage, due to flooding.

San Bernardino County 2 SE Los Serranos 19 0600PST 2 W (CNO)Chino Arpt 25 2300PST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Numerous streets in the Chino area were flooded with several inches or more of water after nearly a week of intense rainfall. A 67 year old woman from Pasadena drove her car around a barricade near Chino on Christmas night. The water was deep enough that her car floated about 150 feet down the road, then sank in 10 feet of water. A 39 year old man, owner of a nearby business, jumped into the water and broke the car's sunroof to pull the woman out. He attempted CPR, but she later died at a local hospital. F67IW

San Bernardino County Mt Baldy 19 0730PST 5 SW Thorn 20 2100PST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Sheep Creek near Wrightwood had a sudden surge in flow to 4 feet at approximately 0745 PST that carried large boulders, several feet in diameter, as well as logs several feet long and over a foot diameter. Another surge of debris flow occurred at Sheep Creek around 1715 PST. The crossing of Lone Pine Road and Sheep Creek had debris 6 to 8 feet deep. Flash Flooding around 1630 PST along Lytle Creek running over Glen Helen Parkway, near Interstate 15 northeast of Fontana. Water was within one foot of a levee. Another round of flash flooding occurred along Lytle Creek around 1800 PST. One motorist had to be rescued when trapped in his car in high water. Around 1500 PST, 8 feet of mud and debris covered Valley of the Falls Drive near the fire station. At 1730 PST, the mud moved into homes along this road.

CAZ060 Apple and Yucca Valleys 19 0800PST 0900PST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ048 San Bernardino County Valley/The Inland Empire 20 0600PST 22 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Landslide

CAZ060 Apple and Yucca Valleys 20 0700PST 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

26 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southwest CAZ055 San Bernardino County Mountains 20 1000PST 1200PST 0 0 15.0M 0.00K Landslide

Riverside County 2 NW Bly 20 1730PST 1 ESE Glen Avon 1830PST 0 0 1.50K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flood occurred in Mira Loma around 1800 PST, requiring two different swift-water rescues of four people in total.

San Diego County 1 N Coronado 21 0500PST 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding in Coronado. Both Northbound lanes on Orange Avenue have 3 to 4 inches of water on the roadway. There was 6 to 7 inches of water on 1st Street near the ferry landing as well.

San Diego County 1 NW Grantville 21 1330PST 2 NW San Diego Muni Brown 23 0800PST 0 0 2.00M 0.00K Flood

The San Diego River at Fashion Valley has been above its flood stage of 11.3 feet since 1330 PST. A peak river stage of 14.01 feet was reported, making this a moderate flood event. The river flooding resulted in numerous closed roadways and portions of the Fashion Valley Mall parking facilities were under water. This river flooding also resulted in extensive flooding of the Qualcomm Stadium on Friars Road, including both the stadium itself and the surrounding parking lot. A total of about 1.5 million gallons of water had to be pumped out of that area, back into the river. A flood channel overflowed, resulting in evacuations of 12 houses in Barrio Logan neighborhood in San Diego. Five people were evacuated from homes in Encanto due to stream flooding.

Riverside County 2 NW Quail Vly 22 0450PST 1 E Elsinore 0600PST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A 39 year old Menifee woman was driving south on Goetz Road when the car was swept off the road by swift runoff from the Salt Creek, where it flows into Canyon Lake. She was found dead in her car at the bottom of the lake several hours later. F39IW Orange County 1 E Emerald Bay 22 0500PST Laguna Beach 1700PST 0 0 12.30M 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain caused extensive flooding in downtown Laguna Beach with up to 4 feet of water on Broadway Street. Stranded motorists were rescued. The water also swept mud through homes, businesses and streets in the city. Approximately 184 businesses, homes and structures were damaged by the flooding. Sewer pumps were also damaged, resulting in the closure of about 12 miles of Orange County beaches, due to the pollution and waste entered into the storm runoff.

A large Pacific plume of moisture ahead of an advancing trough of low pressure brought heavy rain and periods of serious flooding for nearly a week. The plume of moisture responsible was a form of an Atmospheric River. The mountain areas, particularly the San Bernardino range, experienced record large rainfall totals and many areas of flash flooding, debris flows and mud slides. Most rivers in the county warning area reached flood stage. Other effects include numerous traffic collisions, roadway flooding and closures, swift water rescues, beach closures and millions of dollars in damage to homes, businesses and infrastructure. Along with numerous city and governor-declared States of Emergency, President Obama proclaimed a Federal disaster declaration for 10 counties in California, including all four counties comprising the SGX CWA.

CAZ055-056 Riverside County Mountains - San Bernardino County Mountains

29 0700PST 30 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Another, much weaker low pressure system moved through Southern California December 29-30. The storm dropped more rain in the valleys and snow in the mountains, though not nearly to the extent of the previous week's flooding. Some gusty winds also accompanied the storm as it passed.

27 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Upper CAZ080-082-083 North Central & Southeast Siskiyou County - South Central Siskiyou County - Western Siskiyou County

17 1800PST 18 0100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A series of storms with short lived breaks between them struck northern California. Initially the snow level was above most populated areas...but it lowered to many of those locations late in the event.

CAZ080 Western Siskiyou County 25 1430PST 26 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Another in a string of winter storms moved through on this date. This one only had moderate snow amounts, but the snow level was low enough to impact areas that normally don't see much snow.

28 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 29

CAZ083-085 Modoc County - North Central & Southeast Siskiyou County 28 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 29 Yet another in a series of winter storms moved through on this date.

CALIFORNIA, West South Central Los Angeles County 12 SE Llano Crystal Arpt 20 2000PST 2030PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A weather spotter reported flash flooding and debris flow near the community of Wrightwood. Flume Canyon Road near the intersection with the Angeles Crest Highway was completely washed out by the heavy rainfall.

Los Angeles County 2 NNW Dominguez 22 1449PST 1700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy showers produced significant flash flooding in south central Los Angeles County. California Highway Patrol reported significant flooding at the intersection of Vermont Avenue and West 190th Street with over one foot of water and numerous vehicles stalled in the high water. Los Angeles County 6 S Valyermo 22 1536PST 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rainfall produced flash flooding in the mountains of Los Angeles County. California Highway Patrol reported that Big Rock Creek Road at the intersection of the Angeles Crest Highway was washed out by flash flooding and mud flows.

CAZ053-054 Los Angeles County Mountains Excluding the Santa Monica Range - Ventura County Mountains

22 1700PST 1730PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

In mid-December, a large upper level low pressure system developed over the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This low pressure system tapped into a subtropical moisture source, bringing an extended period of significant rainfall to Central and Southern California from the 17th through the 22nd. Numerous daily rainfall records were set during the period. By the end of the event, rainfall totals ranged from 5 to 10 inches across coastal areas to between 10 and 18 inches in the foothills and mountains with even local amounts as high as 24 inches. With such significant rainfall, numerous reports of flooding were reported across the area, including several mountain roads being washed out. Due to the subtropical nature of the air mass, snow levels remained rather high through the event although between 12 and 24 inches of snow fell at resort level.

CAZ039-046-052- Antelope Valley - LOS ANGELES COUNTY SAN GABRIEL VALLEY - Santa Barbara County 059-548 Mountains - Santa Barbara County South Coast - Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area 29 1630PST 30 2256PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind 28 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, West South Central CAZ088-547 Los Angesles County San Fernando Valley - Santa Clarita Valley

30 0045PST 0157PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ053-054 Los Angeles County Mountains Excluding the Santa Monica Range - Ventura County Mountains

30 0800PST 0810PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

At the end of December, one final winter storm rolled across Central and Southern California. The storm produced between 0.50 and 1.50 inches of rainfall across the area. As the storm moved through the area, snow levels dropped to around 4000 feet. With the lowering snow levels, 4 to 8 inches of new snowfall was reported in the mountains. Along with the precipitation, this storm system produced strong and damaging northerly winds across the area. Wind gusts in excess of 60 MPH were reported both in the mountains and the valley areas of Southern California. With the ground already saturated from previous rainfall, the strong winds toppled many trees, producing scattered power outages and road blockages.

CALIFORNIA, Western

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 06 0500PST 1125PST 0 0 45.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A quick moving storm spread brief heavy rain and strong wind across the San Francisco's North Bay Area blowing trees down resulting in power outages.

CAZ505 Coastal North Bay Including Point Reyes National Seashore 10 0500PST 0505PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Landslide

The tail end of a cold front moved across northern California producing brief heavy rain.

CAZ508-529 Northern Monterey Bay - San Francisco Bay Shoreline 18 0430PST 0130PST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

CAZ512-529 Northern Monterey Bay - Santa Cruz Mountains 19 0100PST 1130PST 0 0 55.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

19 0540PST 0600PST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Landslide

CAZ529 Northern Monterey Bay 19 0540PST 0600PST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Landslide

Marin County 1 ESE San Anselmo 19 0630PST 0830PST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy rain caused a minor slide in San Anselmo that resulted in a grove of Eucalyptus trees becoming unstable behind a business on Red Hill Avenue. At least one tree fell over and damaged the business's building.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 20 0200PST 0600PST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

29 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Western Napa County 1 ESE Yountville 20 1300PST 1500PST 0 0 35.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Strong wind combined with heavy rain to force a substantial oak tree to fall at the Hotel Yountville in Yountville Sunday afternoon. The Oak tree was to have been a major focus of the landscaping plan. The tree fell onto a new rock wall and damaged a pump house. A major storm moved across northern and central California producing heavy rain and strong wind. Numerous power outages, trees blown down, localized flooding and minor debris flows occurred during this storm. Throughout the weekend about 3,200 customers lost power.

CAZ505 Coastal North Bay Including Point Reyes National Seashore 22 1405PST 1415PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Landslide

A low pressure trough which had been located over the Gulf of Alaska finally progressed toward California bringing brief heavy rain to the San Francisco Bay Area. The brief heavy rain combined with the saturated soil from rains of the past week to cause localized flooding and minor debris flows.

CAZ512 Santa Cruz Mountains 28 1700PST 29 0500PST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K High Wind

CAZ505>507-529> Coastal North Bay Including Point Reyes National Seashore - North Bay Interior Valleys - North Bay 530 Mountains - Northern Monterey Bay - Southern Monterey Bay and Big Sur Coast 28 1700PST 29 0500PST 1 0 155.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

CAZ508 San Francisco Bay Shoreline 28 2300PST 2315PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Landslide

CAZ006-510-529 East Bay Interior Valleys - Northern Monterey Bay - San Francisco

29 0700PST 1730PST 0 1 97.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

CAZ509 San Francisco Peninsula Coast 29 0900PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

CAZ530 Southern Monterey Bay and Big Sur Coast 29 1030PST 1930PST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong trough moved along the northern California coast bringing heavy rain and strong wind to the San Francisco Bay Area and central coast. Localized flooding, damaging wind, downed trees and power lines, and minor debris flows all occurred during this last week of the year. More than 77,000 households and businesses lost power during this storm.

COLORADO, Central and Northeast

COZ034 South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 05 1130MST 0 1 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche Two skiers were caught in an avalanche along Dry Gulch, which is east of the Eisenhower Tunnel. One skier was killed when he was buried under 2 to 3 feet of snow; the other suffered minor injuries. It took approximately 15 minutes for the injured skier to locate his friend, and another 15 minutes to excavate him and initiate CPR.

30 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, Central and Northeast COZ031-033-034 South & East Jackson/Larimer/North & Northeast Grand/Northwest Boulder Counties above 9000 Feet - South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet - West Jackson & West Grand Counties above 9000 Feet 10 1400MST 11 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm brought heavy snow to the North Central Mountains of Colorado. Some storm totals included: 18 inches at the Eisenhower Tunnel, 14 inches, 1 mile west of Breckenridge; 10 inches at Copper Mountain SNOTEL, 8 inches, 1 mile southwest of Eldora.

COZ034 South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 12 1145MST 0 1 0.00K Avalanche A snowmobiler was injured when he triggered an avalanche near Jones Pass, in near whiteout conditions. Visibilities at the time ranged from 10 feet to 100 feet. He was caught and buried in the slide that was approximately 100 feet long. While in the avalanche, he discharged his airbag which helped him to float to the surface. The snowmobiler was partially buried in approximately 6 to 18 inches of snow.

COZ031-033-034 South & East Jackson/Larimer/North & Northeast Grand/Northwest Boulder Counties above 9000 Feet - South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet - West Jackson & West Grand Counties above 9000 Feet 14 1500MST 15 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Another winter storm brought additional snowfall to the high country. Storm totals included: 8 inches at Berthoud Pass, Cameron Pass, Joe Wright SNOTEL and Zirkel SNOTEL; 6 inches at Arapahoe Ridge SNOTEL, Bear Lake, Columbine SNOTEL, Lake Irene and Never Summer; with 5 inches at the Eisenhower Tunnel.

18 1014MST 21 1700MST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ033 South & East Jackson/Larimer/North & Northeast Grand/Northwest Boulder Counties above 9000 Feet

18 1014MST 21 1700MST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ030-032-034 Grand & Summit Counties below 9000 Feet - Jackson County below 9000 Feet - South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 18 1014MST 19 1700MST 0 0 0.00K Winter Weather

19 0341MST 21 1700MST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm, associated with a strong west to southwesterly flow aloft, produced a 4-day period of moderate to heavy snow in the North Central Mountains. The combination of strong wind and heavy snow forced the closure of several mountain passes due to threat of avalanches. The Amtrack train route, which runs from Denver to California, was rerouted through Wyoming when Union Pacific closed its tracks along Interstate 70. Numerous accidents forced the closure of I-70 at times. Peak wind gusts over the higher mountain passes generally ranged from 45 to 60 mph. Storm totals ranged from 16 to 32 inches in the mountains, with 5 to 10 inches in the valleys of Grand and Jackson Counties. In the mountains, storm totals included: 32 inches, 10 miles east of Silverthorne; 29 inches at Arapahoe Basin and Loveland Ski Area; 28 inches at Breckenridge Ski Area; 23 inches, 16 miles west-southwest of Walden; 21 inches at Willow Park; 20 inches at Copper Mountain; 18 inches at Zirkel SNOTEL; 16 inches at Eldora Ski Resort, Long Draw Reservoir SNOTEL and Never Summer.

COZ044 Morgan County 30 0900MST 31 1137MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

31 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, Central and Northeast COZ035-038>043 Boulder & Jefferson Counties below 6000 Feet/West Broomfield County - Central & South Weld County - Elbert/Central & east Douglas Counties above 6000 Feet - Jefferson & West Douglas Counties above 6000 Feet/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Northeast Park Counties below 9000 Feet - Larimer & Boulder Counties between 6000 & 9000 Feet - Larimer County below 6000 Feet/Northwest Weld County - North Douglas County below 6000 Feet/Denver/West Adams & Arapahoe Counties/east Broomfield County - Northeast Weld County 30 0900MST 31 1445MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ046-048>051 Logan County - North & Northeast Elbert County below 6000 Feet/North Lincoln County - Phillips County - Sedgwick County - Washington County 30 1400MST 31 0256MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ045 Central & east Adams & Arapahoe Counties 30 1400MST 31 1445MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ048-050-051 Logan County - Phillips County - Sedgwick County 31 0257MST 1138MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

COZ044-046 Morgan County - North & Northeast Elbert County below 6000 Feet/North Lincoln County

31 1138MST 1445MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Another winter storm brought moderate to heavy snow, strong winds and very cold wind chill temperatures to the mountains, foothills and northeast plains of colorado. The strong winds and heavy snow produced blizzard conditions over the far northeast plains, namely Logan, Sedgwick and Phillips Counties. Peak wind gusts ranged from 30 to 45 mph and produced extensive blowing and drifting snow along with whiteout conditions. Train spotters near Iliff, Peetz and Sterling, reported snow drifts from 3 to 5 feet in depth. Across the northeast plains, storm totals included: 10 inches at Iliff, 9.5 inches at Peetz, 8 inches, 5 miles south of Sedgwick; 7 inches, 4 miles south of Ovid; 6.5 inches near Akron, Amherst, 14 miles of Arriba and Brush; 6 inches, 12 miles southeast of Aurora, near Hillrose and 4 miles east-northeast of Shaw; 5 inches, 6 miles northwest of Greeley and Holyoke. Across the Urban Corridor, storm totals included: 6 inches at Boulder and 2 miles north of Loveland; 5 inches, 2 miles east of Elizabeth and 5 miles west of Littleton; with lesser amounts of 2 to 4 inches elsewhere. In the mountains and foothills, storm totals generally ranged from 5 to 10 inches.

COLORADO, East Central

COZ090 Yuma County 10 1740MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A cold front pushed southeast across the region during the evening hours. Light showers formed and locally enhanced surface winds, generating a few wind gusts above 60 mph in northeast Colorado and northwest Kansas.

COLORADO, South Central and Southeast

COZ082-084-085 Colorado Springs Vicinity/Southern El Paso County/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Northern El Paso County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Pikes Peak above 11000 Ft 03 0800MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds...in some areas exceeding 75 mph...were experienced over the Pikes Peak Region.

32 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, South Central and Southeast COZ086 Pueblo Vicinity/Pueblo County below 6300 Ft 10 1400MST 1600MST 0 0 40.0K 0.00K Wildfire

A fire was started near Vineland by a passing motorist which consumed 40 acres, a modular home and two vehicles.

COZ058-060-066> Eastern Lake County/Western Mosquito Range above 11000 Ft - Eastern San Juan Mountains above 068 10000 Ft - Eastern Sawatch Mountains above 11000 Ft - La Garita Mountains above 10000 Ft - Upper Rio Grande Valley/Eastern San Juan Mountains below 10000 Ft - Western Chaffee County between 9000 & 11000 Ft 19 0600MST 22 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Heavy snow was noted over the eastern Sawatch Range, Mosquito Range, and eastern San Juan and La Garita Mountains. Over a foot of snow was measured near the summit of Monarch Pass in Chaffee County, and northeast of Leadville. Twenty two inches of snow was observed near the summit of Wolf Creek Pass.

COZ072>075-082 Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains between 8500 & 11000 Ft - Pikes Peak above 11000 Ft - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains between 7500 & 11000 Ft 19 2200MST 20 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

COZ079>081-084> Colorado Springs Vicinity/Southern El Paso County/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Northern El Paso 088 County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Pueblo Vicinity/Pueblo County below 6300 Ft - Teller County/Rampart Range above 7500 Ft/Pikes Peak between 7500 & 11000 Ft - Trinidad Vicinity/Lower Huerfano River Basin & Western Las Animas County below 7500 Ft - Walsenburg Vicinity/Upper Huerfano River Basin below 7500 Ft - Wet Mountains above 10000 Ft - Wet Mountains between 8500 and 10000 Ft 20 0000MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong and damaging winds...exceeding 85 mph at times...were noted over the mountains and adjacent high valleys and plains of southeast Colorado. The most widespread damage (including but not limited to roofs...trees...broken windows and power outages) was experienced over western portions of Colorado Springs in El Paso County. In addition, three semi-trailer trucks overturned near the Pueblo-Huerfano County line, but the drivers where not injured. A truck also overturned in Colorado Springs.

COZ060-068 Eastern San Juan Mountains above 10000 Ft - Eastern Sawatch Mountains above 11000 Ft

29 0500MST 31 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm deposited significant snow over the Pikes Peak Region...eastern Sawatch Range...and eastern San Juan Mountains. Snow amounts include 6 to 9 inches in the vicinity of Cripple Creek, Woodland Park and Florissant in Teller County and Green Mountain Falls, Cascade, and Manitou Springs in El Paso County. Eleven 11 inches of snow was recorded at Monarch Pass in Chaffee County...and 33 inches of snow covered the summit of Wolf Creek pass in Mineral county.

COZ087 Walsenburg Vicinity/Upper Huerfano River Basin below 7500 Ft

29 0800MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds...gusting between 60 and 70 mph...were noted over the southeast mountains and adjacent high valleys and plains of southeast Colorado.

COZ081-084 Northern El Paso County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Pikes Peak above 11000 Ft - Teller County/Rampart Range above 7500 Ft/Pikes Peak between 7500 & 11000 Ft 30 1200MST 0600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

33 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, South Central and Southeast

A winter storm deposited significant snow over the Pikes Peak Region...eastern Sawatch Range...and eastern San Juan Mountains. Snow amounts include 6 to 9 inches in the vicinity of Cripple Creek, Woodland Park and Florissant in Teller County and Green Mountain Falls, Cascade, and Manitou Springs in El Paso County. Eleven 11 inches of snow was recorded at Monarch Pass in Chaffee County...and 33 inches of snow covered the summit of Wolf Creek pass in Mineral county.

COLORADO, West

COZ004-010-013 Elkhead and Park Mountains - Flattop Mountains - Gore and Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys

06 1100MST 07 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A Pacific trough brushed the mountains of northwest Colorado with significant snowfall.

COZ020 Paradox Valley/Lower Dolores River Basin 10 0000MST 0010MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Landslide

A rockslide of large boulders occurred in western Montrose County.

COZ012 West Elk and Sawatch Mountains 10 0400MST 11 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ004-013 Elkhead and Park Mountains - Flattop Mountains 10 0700MST 12 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ009 Grand and Battlement Mesas 10 0800MST 11 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ010 Gore and Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys 10 1000MST 12 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

COZ018 Northwestern San Juan Mountains 10 1000MST 11 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A moist northwest flow aloft produced significant snowfall in many mountain areas of western Colorado.

COZ004-010-012> Elkhead and Park Mountains - Flattop Mountains - Gore and Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys - 013-018>019 Northwestern San Juan Mountains - Southwestern San Juan Mountains - Upper Yampa River Basin - West Elk and Sawatch Mountains 15 0500MST 16 0000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ022-023 Animas River Basin - San Juan River Basin 16 0000MST 17 0300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A moist westerly flow with embedded disturbances produced significant snowfall in many mountain areas of western Colorado, as well as some lower elevation areas in southwest Colorado.

34 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CONNECTICUT, Northeast

CTZ002 Hartford 01 1405EST 1616EST 0 0 75.0K 0.00K High Wind

CTZ003 Tolland 01 1414EST 1700EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front brought rain and high winds to northern Connecticut. Winds knocked numerous trees and wires down in Hartford and Tolland counties.

CTZ002>004 Hartford - Tolland - Windham 26 1130EST 27 1400EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strengthening winter storm passed southeast of Nantucket and brought heavy snow and strong winds to northern Connecticut, resulting in near blizzard conditions at times. More than 2000 flights were cancelled along the east coast due to the storm and Amtrak service between New York and Boston was suspended during the storm. Despite numerous cancellations, Bradley International Airport remained open during the storm, except for a 1-2 hour period early Monday morning which they used to clear snowfall from runways and taxiways. Snowfall totals of 6 to 12 inches were widely observed.

CONNECTICUT, Northwest

CTZ001-013 Northern Litchfield - Southern Litchfield 01 1600EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front swept across northwestern Connecticut Wednesday, December 1st, bringing strong and gusty winds and heavy rains to the area. With the passage of the cold front winds quickly shifted from the south-southeast to the west and temperatures rapidly dropped. Ahead of the cold front, a very strong south to southeast low level jet resulted in wind gusts up to 55 mph, and with the passage of the front there were wind gusts up to around 50 mph. These strong wind gusts downed trees and power lines, resulting in power outages. Generally, 1 1/2 to 3 inches of rain fell across the area, resulting in some urban and small stream flooding.

26 1200EST 27 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

CTZ013 Southern Litchfield 26 1200EST 27 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major nor'easter brought significant snows and blizzard conditions to Litchfield County Sunday, December 26th into Monday, December 27th. Low pressure initially developed along the Gulf Coast on Christmas. Once the low reached the southeast coast Christmas night, it strengthened and headed northeastward along the east coast Sunday. Explosive deepening, cyclogenesis, occurred Sunday night as the low moved northward toward Long Island with the low eventually passing directly over Cape Cod early Monday morning. The low then proceeded up the New England coast during the day. Bands of heavy snow with snowfall rates of 1 to 3 inches an hour occurred across Litchfield County resulting in snowfall accumulations of 9 to 17 inches. In addition, strong and gusty winds of 35 to 45 mph caused significant blowing and drifting of the snow.

35 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CONNECTICUT, Southern CTZ006 Northern New Haven 01 1200EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds occurred ahead of and behind a cold front.

CTZ005>012 Northern Fairfield - Northern Middlesex - Northern New Haven - Northern New London - Southern Fairfield - Southern Middlesex - Southern New Haven - Southern New London 26 1100EST 27 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A rapidly intensifying low pressure system tracked from off the Southeast US coast on Christmas Day and then past the Mid Atlantic Coast on Sunday December 26th to just east of Long Island by early Monday morning December 27th. This intense low pressure system spread snowfall into the region Sunday morning, with bands of heavy snow plus embedded thunderstorms and very strong winds affecting the region Sunday afternoon through Sunday night. The powerful blizzard (defined when sustained winds or frequent gusts greater than or equal to 35 mph accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than 1/4 mile for three hours or more) brought a widespread area of 10 to 18 inches of snow across Southwest Connecticut and 5 to 10 inches across Southeast Connecticut. The heavy snow was accompanied by area wide winds of 25 to 40 mph and gusts in excess of 60 mph Sunday afternoon into Sunday night, resulting in near whiteout conditions with blowing and drifting snow and making all forms of travel extremely difficult to nearly impossible. In fact, several Metro North lines as well as Amtrak was suspended Sunday night into Monday morning due to high snow drifts. In addition, over 10000 customers lost power during the height of the storm.

DELAWARE

DEZ001>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent - New Castle 01 0700EST 1200EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front produced strong south winds across Delaware during the morning hours of December 1st. Wind gusts were enhanced around a line of showers and isolated thunderstorms that preceded and accompanied the cold frontal passage around Noon EST. Peak wind gusts average around 45 mph and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 46 mph in Georgetown (Sussex County) and the New Castle County Airport and 45 mph in Dover (Kent County). New Castle County 1 SW Kentmere 01 0800EST 1 SW Christiana 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused flooding in Trolley Square in Wilmington, Penny Hill near the Shell Pot Creek and Battery Park in New Castle. Event precipitation totals included 1.64 inches in Wilmington and 1.11 inches in Newport and 0.95 inches at the New Castle County Airport. An approaching cold front and an unseasonably mild air mass preceding it caused heavy rain to fall across New Castle during the morning on the 1st. The rain itself began on the evening of November 30th and ended by the early afternoon of the 1st. Event precipitation totals averaged around one inch and caused some poor drainage flooding in urbanized and low lying areas.

DEZ001>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent - New Castle 16 1300EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first widespread measurable but overall light snow of the winter season came at an unfortunate time during the afternoon of the 16th in Delaware. Accumulations averaged one to two inches in Sussex County and around one inch in Kent and New Castle Counties. The recent cold weather made it easy for the snow to stick. The snow also coincided with the school afternoon and start of the evening commutes and led to many accidents across the state. Delaware State Police reported 15 accidents and three disabled vehicles in Sussex County, one disabled vehicle in Kent County and 29 accidents in New Castle County, four with injuries. A car school bus accident in Lewes (Sussex County) resulted in injuries to the car's driver. Many of the accidents and travel problems occurred on bridges. Some schools in Sussex County had early dismissal. Representative snowfall included 1.8 inches in Delmar (Sussex County), 1.6 inches in Georgetown (Sussex County), 1.5 inches in Magnolia (Kent County), 1.3 inches in Dover (Kent County), 1.2 inches in Clayton (New Castle County), 1.0 inch in Milton (Sussex County) and Felton (Kent County) and 0.5 inches at the New Castle County Airport. The light accumulating snow was caused by a rapidly moving low pressure system that went from the Texas Red River valley on the evening of the 15th, to the Tennessee Valley at sunrise on the 16th and off the North Carolina Coast by 7 p.m. EST on the 16th. The rapid movement precluded heavier snow from occurring.

36 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

DELAWARE DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 26 0700EST 27 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

DEZ001 New Castle 26 1200EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A major winter storm dropped about 5 to 10 inches of snow across Kent and Sussex Counties and about 2 to 4 inches of snow in New Castle County. Intermittent light snow fell overnight on the 25th, but the storm related snow began around 7 a.m EST in southern Delaware, between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. EST in central Delaware and reached northern Delaware between Noon EST and 1 p.m. EST. The heaviest snow in central and southern Delaware occurred during the late morning into the middle of the afternoon on the 26th. The snow ended just before sunrise on the 27th. State Police reported that the winter storm caused about 75 vehicular accidents and around 30 disabled vehicles. There were six reported injuries. Vehicles were abandoned in Sussex County where drifting and blowing snow closed many roadways and made it difficult to keep them open. Representative snowfall included 11.3 inches in Selbyville (Sussex County), 9.0 inches in Dover (Kent County), 8.5 inches in Delmar (Sussex County), 8.2 inches in Felton (Kent County), 8.0 inches in Woodside (Kent County), 4.8 inches in Laurel (Sussex County), 4.0 inches in Blackbird (New Castle County), 3.5 inches at the New Castle County Airport and 2.2 inches in Newark (New Castle County). The onshore flow preceding the passage of the low pressure system caused minor tidal flooding around the time of the early afternoon high tide on the 26th in Sussex County. At Lewes, the high tide reached 6.12 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. The low pressure system responsible for the winter storm entered the United States in southern California on December 22nd. It moved across the southern Rockies and reached the northern Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day. It was still a relatively weak low pressure system, but as it moved across the Gulf of Mexico, it started to strengthen. At 7 p.m. EST on the 25th, the low had deepened to 1004 millibars in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From there, the low made a turn to the northeast while the intensification process increased. At 1 a.m. EST on the 26th, it was a 1001 millibar low, just east of Georgia, at 7 a.m. EST on the 26th a 992 millibar low just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and at 1 p.m. EST on the 26th a 986 millibar low about 100 miles east of Virginia Beach, Virginia. During the next six hours as the upper level support neared, the low's intensification rate peaked and at 7 p.m. EST on the 26th, the surface pressure fell to 972 millibars as it passed about 100 miles east of Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Overnight, the surface low was captured by the upper level low and this slowed its forward progress. The capturing phase occurred too late to bring more bands of heavy snow back into Delaware. At 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, the 970 millibar surface low was located about 50 miles southeast of Montauk Point, New York and at 7 a.m. EST, the 962 millibar low was located just southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th and from there it slowly weakened as it passed south of Nova Scotia. The surface pressure of this winter storm dropped 31 millibars from 1 a.m. EST on the 26th to 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, well exceeding the meteorological definition of a bombing low pressure system (24 millibar drop in 24 hours).

DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 26 1300EST 27 1900EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

DEZ001 New Castle 27 1000EST 1400EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K High Wind

Strong to high winds that started during the afternoon of the winter storm on the 26th persisted into the early evening of the 27th. Peak wind gusts were around 50 mph and knocked down some weak tree limbs and power lines. The largest effect though was the considerable blowing and drifting of the snow the wind caused. This hampered plowing and clean-up operations after the snow ended. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. The winds were caused first by the rapid intensification of the winter storm low pressure system and then the pressure gradient (difference) between the low pressure system and a strong high pressure building east from the central part of the United States. Winds eased as the low moved farther away from the Middle Atlantic States as the day progressed on the 27th as well as it stopped intensifying after the morning of the 27th. The low pressure system's surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th as it was passing just east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

27 2330EST 28 0030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

37 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

DELAWARE

The persistent offshore flow caused by the departed winter storm and an approaching high pressure system caused blow out tides to occur at the time of low tide on the Delaware River and tidal sections of its tributaries around Midnight EST on the 28th. The low tide at Reedy Point reached 1.90 feet below mean lower low water. Blowout tides start at levels lower than 1.80 feet below mean lower low water.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District of Columbia 1 N Benning 01 0954EST 1054EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Northbound Interstate 295 was closed at Benning Road due to high water.

A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain in the District of Columbia. There was an isolated flash flood report on Interstate 295.

16 1000EST 1800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure passed through the region in a zonal flow causing precipitation to develop on the 16th. There was plenty of cold air in place ahead of this system causing precipitation to fall in the form of snow.

FLORIDA, East Central

FLZ041-044>047- Brevard - Indian River - Inland Volusia - Lake - Okeechobee - Orange - Osceola - Seminole - St. Lucie 053>054-058>059 14 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

14 0000EST 15 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

FLZ044>047-053> Brevard - Indian River - Lake - Martin - Okeechobee - Orange - Osceola - Seminole - St. Lucie 054-058>059-064 14 0000EST 15 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

Strong cold advection behind a cold front brought temperatures below freezing to all of east central Florida for two consecutive nights. A hard freeze occurred across most areas of the mainland peninsula, with a freeze even occurring across the barrier islands. Temperatures early on Dec 14 fell to the mid to upper 20s across the region, with 6 to 9 hours of below freezing temperatures at many locations and 1 to 3 hours below 27 degrees in several areas. Similar to slightly higher temperatures occurred on Dec 15, with many locations again reaching the mid 20s and the duration of below freezing temperatures ranging from 4 to 11 hours at most locations. Gusty winds accompanied the cold weather on Dec. 14, with wind chill values reaching the mid to upper teens at most locations around daybreak. Estimates of December total crop damage are included with the Dec. 27-29 freeze event.

FLZ041-044>047- Brevard - Indian River - Inland Volusia - Lake - Martin - Okeechobee - Orange - Osceola - Seminole - St. 053>054-058>059- Lucie 064 27 0000EST 29 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 19.01M Frost/Freeze

For the second time in December, strong cold advection behind a cold front brought temperatures well below freezing to all of east central Florida, for three consecutive nights. A hard freeze occurred across most areas of the mainland peninsula. Temperatures early on Dec 27 fell to the upper 20s to around 30 across the region, with 2 to 8 hours of below freezing temperatures at many locations. Even colder temperatures were experienced on Dec 28, with many locations reaching the lower to mid 20s and the duration of below freezing temperatures ranging from 3 to 11 hours at most locations. A third night of similarly cold readings occurred on Dec. 29. A rough estimate of damage to fruit and vegetable crops across east central Florida from the combined impacts of the Dec. 14-15 and Dec. 27-29 freezes totaled 19 million dollars.

38 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Extreme Southern Monroe County 1 NNE Grassy Key 18 1220EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

Power line down and resultant outage to 61 customers along the bayside of Grassy Key.

A discrete thunderstorm moved northeast over Grassy Key, accompanied by strong wind gusts. Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph. FLORIDA, Northeastern

FLZ033 St. Johns 15 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Wildfire 16 Arson caused a string of 8 to 12 fires over a 6 week period in the Treaty Park area of St. Johns county. Dry conditions fueled fire development.

FLZ025 Duval 16 1630EST 22 2359EST 0 0 Wildfire

Dry conditions assisted the growth of a brush fire in southwest Duval county, named the Normandy fire. Units from the Jacksonville Fire and Rescue Department were initially called to the intersection of Normandy Boulevard and Duval County Road 217 at 4:30pm for a report of a brush fire. Upon arrival, fire units reported that they had several small spot fires merging into larger fire. They immediately requested additional units. The fire was brought under control around 9:30 pm that evening with forestry announcing the fire was 50% contained and no homes were threatened. The cause of the fire is under investigation, although it is believed a truck blew a tire and the axle scraped along the road, creating the small spot fires that led to the larger fire. On the 16h, about 2,000 acres were burned. By December 22nd, the fire was 95% contained an burned about 2600 acres.

FLZ036 Alachua 21 0000EST 0 0 Wildfire 24 A wildfire stared in the Lochloosa Wildlife Conservation Area on December 21st and burned an area north of Alachua County Road 325 and west of U.S. Highway 301 near Island Grove. Dry conditions and shifting winds caused the fire to propagate through the end of the month, and flames threatened homes near Cross Creek. On Dec. 24th,the fire had burned 2,740 acres.

FLZ022-025-035- Alachua - Columbia - Duval - Flagler - Gilchrist 038 26 0830EST 1201EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

FLZ032 Clay 26 1130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Sleet Low level moisture and strong cold air advection on the west side of a 1000 mb surface low offshore of the Georgia Atlantic Coast brought a wintry mix of snow flurries and sleet during the mid morning hours to parts of Northeast Florida.

FLORIDA, Northwest

FLZ009-011-016> Gadsden - Holmes - Jackson - Jefferson - Leon - Madison - North Walton 019-107 01 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought conditions (D2) persisted through all of December and into January across portions of northern Florida and the big bend.

FLZ029-034-134 COASTAL DIXIE - Dixie - Lafayette 14 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought conditions (D2) expanded into Lafayette and Dixie counties on December 14th and persisted into January.

39 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northwest FLZ010 Washington 21 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

Severe drought conditions (D2) expanded into Washington county once again on December 21st and continued into January.

FLORIDA, Southern

FLZ063-066>068- Coastal Palm Beach - Glades - Hendry - Inland Palm Beach - Palm Beach 168 01 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drier than normal conditions which began in the summer continued through the fall and into December.

07 0300EST 08 0730EST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

FLZ066-070 Hendry - Inland Collier - Inland Palm Beach 07 0400EST 08 0730EST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

FLZ071-073 Inland Broward - Inland Miami-Dade 08 0600EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

The first of three intrusions of modified arctic air into South Florida occurred from December 6th through the 9th with the coldest mornings occurring on the 7th and 8th. Record low temperatures and the earliest freeze dates were rivaled across the area with temperatures for early December the coldest since 1937. This set-up the area for the coldest December on record and for one of the coldest months in recent memory. Significant crop damage was also reported during this event. A total of crop damage for the three December freeze events will be included in the event narratives for the late December freeze.

FLZ063-066>068- Coastal Broward - Coastal Palm Beach - Glades - Hendry - Inland Broward - Inland Collier - Inland 070>073-168-172> Miami-Dade - Inland Palm Beach - Metro Broward - Miami-Dade - Palm Beach 173 14 0200EST 16 0700EST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

FLZ069 Coastal Collier 15 0500EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

The second of three intrusions of modified arctic air into South Florida during December occurred from the 13th through the 16th with the coldest mornings occurring on the 14th and 15th. Average temperatures during the period of 20 degrees or more below normal occurred along with a widespread freeze. This event was the coldest for mid December in nearly 50 years, colder than the early December event, and significant crop damage occurred once again with citrus, snap beans, sweet corn, squash, tomatoes, peppers, radishes, strawberries, watercress, sugar cane, and zucchini being affected. A total of crop damage for the three December freeze events will be included in the event narratives for the late December freeze.

FLZ063-066>068- Coastal Palm Beach - Glades - Hendry - Inland Palm Beach - Palm Beach 168 27 0300EST 28 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 5.84M Frost/Freeze

FLZ069-072>074 Coastal Collier - Inland Collier - Inland Miami-Dade - Metro Broward - Metropolitan Miami-Dade

28 0130EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 3.46M Frost/Freeze

40 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Southern

The third intrusion of modified arctic air into South Florida occurred from December 26th through the 29th with the coldest mornings occurring on the 27th and 28th. The duration of the third event was slightly shorter than the previous event, however temperatures where about the same. This event also ensured that the average temperature for December would remain well below average keeping the area on pace to reach the coldest December in recorded history for the region. Across northern and interior sections of the CWA crops that were already suffering from the previous two events were practically finished off. Crop damage amounts for the three December freezes are included in the event summaries for this episode.

FLORIDA, West Central

FLZ039-042-048> Citrus - De Soto - Hardee - Hernando - Hillsborough - Levy - Manatee - Pasco - Sarasota - Sumter 049-051-055>056- 060>061 14 2100EST 15 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 23.68M Frost/Freeze

FLZ052-057-062- Charlotte - Highlands - Lee - Polk 065 15 0100EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 17.55M Frost/Freeze

Florida experienced the coldest December on record in 2010 as numerous arctic cold fronts moved across the state. The record cold was in response to the Arctic Oscillation, which is an atmospheric circulation pattern that favors cold weather in Florida when it is in the negative phase. There were three large freeze events where cold Canadian high pressure built into the area behind a strong cold front. The first of these occurred on December 7th-8th, with the Nature Coast experiencing 9 to 11 hours of sub-freezing temperatures and up to 8 hours of temperatures below 27 degrees. The most damaging of these systems occurred on December 14th-15th, with much of the area experiencing hard freeze conditions for 7 to 12 hours across the Nature Coast and 3 to 5 hours elsewhere. Sub- freezing conditions were recorded for more than 12 hours as far south as Sarasota County. The final freeze event occurred over a two night period on December 27th-28th, and December 28th-29th. Both nights saw sub-freezing temperatures for 10 to 14 hours across the northern half of the area and 4 to 8 hours across the southern half. In addition, hard freeze conditions were in place across the Nature Coast for up to 11 hours.

Vegetables were the crops hardest hit by the freezes, with snap beans, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumbers, eggplant, bell peppers, and squash suffering the greatest loss. Aquaculture also suffered great losses in Tropical Fish, with up to 70 percent of the industry suffering losses. These losses occurred mostly during the December 15th freeze, which will be the date focused on below. Estimates of crop damage are listed below by county for the month of December. Preliminary commodity losses were computed using data from the Florida Department of Agriculture. This data included the measurable loss of shipments from average for each commodity. Levy County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 11 hours across much of the county. The Usher Tower cooperative station near Chiefland and the FAWN station in Bronson both experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 21 degrees. This was a new record low for Usher Tower. Levy County has 44,870 acres of harvested farmland, which translates into approximately $3.29 million in damages to crops. Citrus County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 11 hours across much of the county. The cooperative station near Inverness experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 20 degrees, which was a new record low for the station. Citrus County has 6,146 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $0.45 million in crop damages.

Hernando County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 12 hours across much of the county. The FAWN station in Brooksville experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 17 degrees. Hernando County has 8,212 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $0.60 million in crop damages.

Sumter County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 11 hours across much of the county. The Bushnell cooperative station experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 21 degrees, which was a new record low for the station. Sumter County has 16,222 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $1.19 million in crop damages.

Pasco County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 10 hours across much of the county. The St. Leo cooperative station in Dade City experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 30 degrees, which tied the record low temperature. Pasco County has 20,673 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $1.52 million in crop damages.

Hillsborough County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 8 to 12 hours across much of the county. The FAWN station near Dover experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 26 degrees. Hillsborough County has 44,661 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $3.28 million in crop damages.

Polk County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 5 to 8 hours across much of the county. The cooperative station near Lake Wales experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 24 degrees, which was a new record low for the station. Polk County has 115,721 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $8.49 million in crop damages.

41 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, West Central

Manatee County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 2 to 5 hours across much of the county, with up to 10 hours inland. The Fort Green cooperative station near Duette experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 23 degrees, which was a new record low for the station. Manatee County has 58,920 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $4.32 million in crop damages. Sarasota County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 2 to 5 hours across much of the county, with up to 12 hours inland. The FAWN station near North Port experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 26 degrees. Sarasota County has 5,969 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $0.44 million in crop damages.

Hardee County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 10 to 12 hours across much of the county. The cooperative station near Wauchula experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 24 degrees. Hardee County has 53,378 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $3.92 million in crop damages.

Desoto County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 10 hours across much of the county. The FAWN station near Arcadia experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 26 degrees. Desoto County has 63,585 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $4.67 million in crop damages.

Highlands County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 3 to 6 hours across much of the county. The Archbold cooperative station experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 20 degrees, which was a new record low for the station. Highlands County has 83,516 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $6.13 million in crop damages.

Charlotte County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for around 4 hours across mainly eastern portions of the county. The ASOS station at the Charlotte County Airport experienced the coldest temperature across the county of 29 degrees, which was a new record low for the station. Charlotte County has 21,663 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $1.59 million in crop damages. Lee County recorded sub-freezing temperatures for 1 to 2 hours across mainly eastern portions of the county. It has 18,308 acres of harvested farmland, which is approximately $1.34 million in crop damages.

FLORIDA, West Panhandle Santa Rosa County 5 NW Milton 12 0027CST 0030CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Wind gusts estimated at 70 mph blew a small shed into a home. Trees and fences were downed along Iron Gate Blvd.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Santa Rosa County 5 NW Milton 12 0027CST 0030CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Wind gusts estimated at 70 mph knocked a chimney over. Small metal structures were also damaged. Trees and power lines were downed along Antelope Street. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Santa Rosa County 5 WNW Milton 12 0031CST 0034CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Wind gusts estimated at 70 mph downed trees and along Red Fox Lane.

A line of thunderstorms produced gusty winds that caused damage in northwest Florida. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. GEORGIA, East Central

GAZ040-063-064 Columbia - Lincoln - McDuffie 26 0730EST 1130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved through the Gulf of Mexico then up the east coast bringing snow to much of the Midlands of South Carolina and wester portions of the CSRA. Amounts ranged from 1 to 3 inches in McDuffie, Columbia, and Lincoln counties. Less than an inch was reported elsewhere in the CSRA.

42 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Lower GAZ163 Clinch 26 0645EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather Low level moisture and strong cold air advection on the west side of a 1000 mb surface low offshore of the Georgia Atlantic Coast brought a wintry mix of snow flurries and sleet during the mid morning hours to parts of Southeast Georgia.

GEORGIA, North and Central

GAZ007 Gilmer 12 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 13

GAZ001>006-008> Catoosa - Chattooga - Dade - Dawson - Fannin - Gordon - Lumpkin - Murray - Pickens - Towns - Union - 009-011>016 Walker - White - Whitfield 12 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 13 A very deep eastern U.S. trough penetrating well south, even toward Cuba, allowed a bitter cold Arctic air mass to surge into the southeast U.S. This brought some of the coldest weather to north and central Georgia that had been observed in years. Atlanta recorded its coldest high temperature and its first high temperature below 30 degrees since February 1996. On December 13th, the high temperature in Atlanta only reached 29 degrees Fahrenheit. Low temperatures fell into the teens across much of north Georgia for several mornings, with single digit readings in the mountains. Strong northwest winds supporting significant low-level cold advection contributed to significant orographic lifting across the north Georgia mountains. Moisture and upper dynamics were limited, but sufficient when combined with the strong cold advection to bring snow showers and average snowfall of about one inch across many of the north Georgia mountain counties, generally north of Summerville, to Jasper, to Cleveland line, with a dusting of snow toward the north side of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Some of the northwest facing slopes of the mountains received two to four inches of snow, with one report of five inches in parts of northeast Gilmer county. With surface temperatures remaining well below freezing for an extended period of time, the snow easily accumulated on the ground. The following is a summary of the maximum snowfall totals for north Georgia counties during this event, which began around noon on December 12th and ended around noon on December 13th. Bartow county - a dusting; Catoosa county - 1/2 inch; Chattooga county - 1/2 inch or less; Cobb county - a dusting; Dade county - 1.0 inch; Dawson county - 1/2 inch in lower to 2.0 inches in higher elevations; Fannin county - 1.0 inch in lower to 2.0 inches in higher elevations; Floyd county - a dusting; Forsyth county - a dusting; Gilmer county - 2.0 inches in lower to 5.0 inches at elevations above 2000 feet in the northeast part of the county; Gordon county - a dusting; Hall county - a dusting; Lumpkin county - a dusting; Murray county - a dusting to less than 1/2 inch; Pickens county - generally 1.0 inch lower to 1.5 inches higher elevations; Towns county - 2.0 inches, except isolated 3.0 inch totals at the higher elevations; Union county - generally 1.0 inch of snow throughout through the county Walker county - 1.0 inch of snow, with up to 2.0 inches in the higher elevations; White county - 1/2 inch lower elevations to 1.0 inch in the higher elevations; Whitfield county - dusting to less than 1/2 inch.

43 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, North and Central GAZ001>009-011> Banks - Barrow - Bartow - Carroll - Catoosa - Chattooga - Cherokee - Cobb - Dade - Dawson - De Kalb - 012-014>016-019> Fannin - Floyd - Forsyth - Gilmer - Gordon - Gwinnett - Hall - Haralson - Jackson - Lumpkin - Murray - 025-030>035-041> North Fulton - Paulding - Polk - Towns - Union - Walker - White - Whitfield 042-045 15 1600EST 16 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A significant Arctic air mass, which had spread across the southeast U.S. beginning on the 12th, was retreating slowly northeast. By mid-afternoon on the 15th, mid-level warm advection, combined with a weak disturbance aloft, resulted in the development of light precipitation across north and central Georgia. Much of north Georgia, north of Interstate-20, remained just below freezing as the precipitation spread into the area from the west during the mid-afternoon. Ground surfaces were at or below freezing as the result of the previous three days of all-day below freezing temperatures and early morning temperatures in the 10-15F range. In addition, surface dewpoints at the onset of the precipitation event were near 0F across north Georgia, resulting in a significant wetbulb effect. Surface temperatures dropped quickly at the onset of the precipitation from the mid 30s into the upper 20s. Thus, although liquid equivalent precipitation averaged only 0.01 inch across most of the affected area, it froze immediately on contact with the surface. An initial burst of sleet quickly changed over to light freezing rain and eventually freezing drizzle through the evening hours as the boundary layer air mass had undergone significant warming and was well above freezing. Roads, including major interstates from Atlanta west to Alabama and north to Tennessee, quickly and literally became like ice skating rinks as a thin sheet of black ice (<0.1 inch) formed on the roads and highways. To make matters worse, this occurred during the 5 pm to 7 pm evening rush hour. Major highways and interstates north and west of Atlanta, such as Interstate-20 and Interstate-75, became completely clogged with accidents. Thousands of motorists became stranded in multiple car pileups and backups. In some cases, a quick trip became several hours long. Over 3000 accidents occurred across north Georgia during this evening, with at least 1000 of these occurring just in the Atlanta metropolitan counties alone. While no fatalities were reported, several injuries occurred. Some details are provided below.

Banks county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Barrow county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Bartow county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice. More than 20 accidents across the county, many on I-75; Carroll county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice across mainly the northern part of the county. The majority of the problems were in the Villa Rica and Carrollton areas. More than 100 accidents across the county. One person injured in an accident on South Carroll Road; Catoosa county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Chattooga county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Cherokee county - 0.1 to 0.25 inch of glaze ice. At least 223 traffic accidents reported across the county; Cobb county - 0.1 inch of glaze ice across most of the county, with up to 0.25 inch of glaze ice in the far northeast part of the county; Dade county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Dawson county - generally 0.1 inch of glaze ice across much of the county; DeKalb county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice across the northern part of the county. Little or no ice in the southern part; Fannin county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Floyd county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice. At least 115 car accidents reported across the county; Forsyth county - 0.25 inch of glaze ice across much of the county. At least 64 traffic accidents across the county; Fulton county - up to 0.25 inch of glaze ice across far north Fulton county, up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice north of the Atlanta airport toward Midtown, with little or no ice south of the Atlanta airport in the southern part of the county; Gilmer county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Gordon county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Gwinnett county - 0.1 to 0.25 inch of glaze ice across the north part of the county. Several major accidents. One accident on Old Fountain Road resulted in life-threatening injuries. A major 15-car pileup occurred on Peachtree Industrial Boulevard; Hall county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Haralson county - generally 0.1 inch of glaze ice across the county; Jackson county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Lumpkin county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Murray county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Paulding county - 0.1 inch of glaze ice across much of the county. Hundreds of accidents reported across the county; Polk county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice. Numerous accidents across the county. One person injured in an accident on U.S. 27 North near Cedartown; Towns county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Union county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Walker county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice; White county - less than 0.1 inch of glaze ice; Whitfield county - up to 0.1 inch of glaze ice. Four tractor-trailer rigs were jack-knifed on Interstate-75 near Rocky Face.

GAZ001>009-011> Banks - Barrow - Bartow - Carroll - Catoosa - Chattooga - Cherokee - Cobb - Dade - Dawson - De Kalb - 016-019>024-030> Douglas - Fannin - Floyd - Forsyth - Gilmer - Gordon - Gwinnett - Hall - Haralson - Lumpkin - Murray - 035-041>043-045 North Fulton - Paulding - Pickens - Polk - Towns - Union - Walker - White - Whitfield 25 0800EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

GAZ044-055 Clayton - South Fulton 25 1530EST 2130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

GAZ025 Jackson 25 1600EST 26 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

44 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, North and Central GAZ047-052-053 Coweta - Heard - Walton 25 1600EST 26 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

GAZ054 Fayette 25 1630EST 2130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

GAZ057-067 Henry - Meriwether 25 1630EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

GAZ036 Clarke 25 1700EST 26 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

GAZ048-056-068 Newton - Pike - Spalding 25 1700EST 26 2130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

GAZ027-037-049> Greene - Madison - Morgan - Oconee - Taliaferro 051 25 1730EST 26 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

GAZ058-070 Butts - Lamar 25 1800EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

GAZ038 Oglethorpe 25 1830EST 26 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

GAZ059>061-066- Baldwin - Glascock - Hancock - Jasper - Jones - Monroe - Muscogee - Putnam - Talbot - Taylor - Troup - 069-071>073-075- Upson 079>080-089 25 1830EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

GAZ039-062 Warren - Wilkes 25 2000EST 26 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

GAZ074-076-085 Jefferson - Johnson - Washington 25 2000EST 26 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

45 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, North and Central

A deep closed upper low was rotating through the eastern and southeastern U.S. from the 25th through the 26th. Ample Gulf moisture was present across the region in advance of the upper trough to support widespread light to moderate rain. Sufficient residual cold air was present in advance of this system that rain quickly changed over to snow across north Georgia with dynamic cooling and additional cold air spreading southward as the attendant surface low moved from the eastern Gulf coastal region during the afternoon of the 25th to off the South Carolina/North Carolina coast by the morning of the 26th. This system later produced a major blizzard in the northeastern U.S. Snowfall of six to eight inches was common across many north Georgia counties, with snowfall of three to four inches common across the north Atlanta metropolitan counties and one to two inches across the south Atlanta metropolitan counties. Only a trace to one-half inch of snowfall was reported further south toward Columbus and Macon, where snow fell only briefly at the end of the precipitation event. Snow lingered in east central Georgia counties on the 26th as the surface deepened off the South Carolina/North Carolina coast. Snow showers and flurries lingered across much of north Georgia and even the northern parts of central Georgia on the 26th as temperatures struggled to even rise above freezing across north Georgia. For Atlanta, this was the first measurable snowfall on Christmas day since 1881. In addition, the 1.3 inches of snowfall that fell at the Atlanta airport before midnight on the 26th was just shy of the 1881 record of 1.6 inches of snowfall for Christmas day. The snowfall fell at a very busy travel time and combined with the subsequent blizzard in the northeastern U.S., caused significant disruptions to air travel at the Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport for several days.

The following is a summary of the snowfall amounts received from counties within the Peachtree City, Georgia forecast area

Baldwin county - average of 1.0 inch, with only 0.5 inch in the southern part of the county; Banks county - average of 4.0 inches; Barrow county - average of 3.0 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 4.0 inches. 4.0 inches reported from both Statham and Winder; Bartow county - average of 2.5 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 3.0 inches; Bibb county - only trace amounts reported; Butts county - average of 0.5 inch; Carroll county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 3.0 inches; Catoosa county - average of 5.0 inches, with up to 6.0 inches around Ringgold; Chattooga county - average of 4.0 inches, except 2.5 inches or less in the Lyerly area; Cherokee county - average of 2.5 inches, with a range of 2.0 inches in Canton to 3.5 inches in Woodstock; Clarke county - average of 2.5 inches, with a range of less than 1.0 inch in Winterville to 3.0 inches in much of Athens; Clayton county - average of 1.5 inches (just shy of the record snowfall amount for Christmas in Atlanta of 1.6 inches; Cobb county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 1.0 inches in Mableton to 2.7 inches in the far northeast part of the county, northeast of Marietta; Coweta county - average of 1.0 inch; Dade county - up to 6.0 inches in the mountain areas; Dawson county - average of 4.0 inches, with a range of 3.0 to 4.0 inches; DeKalb county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 1.0 to 2.0 inches; Douglas county - average of 1.5 inches, with up to 2.0 inches on the north side of Douglasville; Fannin county - widespread 5.0 to 6.0 inches throughout the county; Fayette county - average of 1.5 inches, with up to 2.0 inches in Fayetteville; Floyd county - widespread 2.0 to 3.0 inches, with a range of 1.0 inch in Curryville to 3.0 inches in Rome; Forsyth county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 1.5 to 3.0 inches; Fulton county - average of 2.0 inches, with amounts as low as 1.0 inch in the west central part of the county; Gilmer county - average of 5.0 inches, with a range of 4.0 inches in the lower elevations to 7.0 inches around Cherry Log; Green county - average of 3.5 inches, with a range of 3.0 to 4.0 inches; Glascock county - average of 0.5 inch; Gwinnett county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 1.4 inches in Lawrenceviille to 2.1 inches just southeast of Dacula; Gordon county - average of 3.0 inches; Hall county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 1.0 to 3.0 inches; Hancock county - average of 1.5 inch, with a range of 0.5 to 1.75 inches; Haralson county - average of 2.0 inches; Heard county - average of 1.0 inches, with a range of 0.5 to 1.0 inch; Henry county - average of 1.0 inch; Jackson county - average of 3.0 inches,with a range of 1.7 inches in Nicholson to 4.0 inches in Jefferson; Johnson county - less than 0.5 inch of snow; Jones county - average of 0.5 inch, with only trace amounts in the southern part of the county; Jasper county - average of 0.5 inch; Jefferson county - only trace amounts; Lamar county - average of 0.5 inch; Lumpkin county - average of 4.0 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 4.0 inches across the southern part of the county up to 6.0 inches at Camp Merrill in the northwest part of the county; Madison county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 1.8 inches in the far southwest part of the county to 3.1 inches in Danielsville; Meriwether county - average of 1.0 inch; Monroe county - average of less than 0.5 inch; Morgan county - average of 2.5 inches, with up to 3.0 inches in some areas; Murray county - average of 4.0 inches, with a range of 3.0 inches in the lower elevations to 7.0 inches of snow at Fort Mountain State Park; Muscogee county - only trace amounts reported; Newton county - average of 1.0 inch; Oconee county - an average of 2.5 inches, with a range of 2.0 inches in Bishop to 3.0 inches in Bogart; Oglethorpe county - an average of 3.0 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 4.0 inches; Paulding county - average of 3.5 inches, with a range of 3.0 inches north of Dallas to 4.0 inches in Dallas; Pickens county - average of 3.0 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 4.0 inches; Pike county - average of 0.5 inch; Polk county - average of 2.5 inches, with a range of 2.0 to 3.0 inches; Putnam county - average of 0.5 inch; Spalding county - average of 1.0 inch; Talbot county - only trace amounts reported; Taliaferro county - average of 3.5 inches, with a range of 3.0 to 4.0 inches; Taylor county - only trace amounts reported; Towns county - widespread 5.0 to 6.0 inches of snow across the county; Union county - average of 6.0 inches, with a range of 4.5 inches east of Blairsville to 7.0 inches in Suches. Treutlen county - less than 0.5 inch on grassy surfaces; Troup county - average of 1.0 inch, with less than 1.0 inch in the southern part of the county; Upson county - average of less than 0.5 inch, with 0.5 inch in the northern part of the county; Walker county - average of 5.0 inches, except only 4.0 inches in the lower elevations; Walton county - average of 1.6 inches; Warren county - average of 2.0 inches, with a range of 0.5 in the far southeast to 4.0 inches in the extreme north; Washington county - average of 0.5 inch, with a range of a trace in the south to near 1.0 inch in the north; White county - average of 2.5 inches, with a range of 2.0 inches at Cleveland to 3.0 inches in Helen; Whitfield county - average of 3.5 inches, with up to 4.0 inches of snow around Cohutta; Wilkes county - average of 3.0 inches, with a range of 1.5 to 4.0 inches.

46 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Northeast GAZ010 Rabun 12 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow fell across the higher elevations of northeast Georgia overnight and into the morning of the 12th. By mid-morning, most areas above about 1500 feet had 1 to 4 inches of snow. Some areas above 3000 feet had as much as 6 inches. Lower elevations had up to an inch.

15 2100EST 16 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

GAZ017 Habersham 15 2100EST 16 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

GAZ018 Stephens 16 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light precipitation fell across the mountains during the evening, and continued for much of the overnight. Precipitation mainly fell as freezing rain, although some areas saw a period of light accumulating snow at the onset. By late morning, most areas had received at least a trace of ice accretion, resulting in very slippery roads.

GAZ010-017 Habersham - Rabun 25 0900EST 26 0600EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A developing coastal storm system brought light to moderate snow to the mountains of northeast Georgia, and a mix of rain and snow to the foothills, starting late on Christmas morning, and continuing into the afternoon. By late afternoon, most locations enjoyed a rare white Christmas, with 1 to 4 inches of snow reported over the mountains, and around an inch over the foothills. Snow continued to fall steadily throughout Christmas evening, and by the time the snow tapered off early on the 26th, 5 to 7 inches of snow had fallen over the mountains, with 2 to 4 inches over the foothills.

GAZ018-026-028- Elbert - Franklin - Hart - Stephens 029 25 2100EST 26 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A developing coastal storm brought a mix of light rain and snow to portions of the piedmont and foothills of Georgia by late Christmas evening. By midnight, precipitation had changed to all snow in most areas, and by the time the snow tapered off to snow showers and flurries on the 26th, most areas reported 1 to 3 inches of snowfall.

GEORGIA, Southeast

GAZ138 Inland Liberty 01 1755EST 1756EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front moved through southeast Georgia resulting in gusty winds across the local area in its wake.

GEORGIA, Southwest

GAZ120>131-142> Baker - Ben Hill - Berrien - Brooks - Calhoun - Clay - Colquitt - Cook - Decatur - Dougherty - Early - 148-155>161 Grady - Irwin - Lanier - Lee - Lowndes - Miller - Mitchell - Quitman - Randolph - Seminole - Terrell - Thomas - Tift - Turner - Worth 01 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

The severe drought conditions (D2) that developed in October and November continued through all of December and into January.

47 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII

HIZ002-005-008- Big Island Interior - Kauai Windward - Kohala - Kona - Lanai Makai - Lanai Mauka - Leeward 013>015-017>019- Haleakala - Maui Central Valley - Maui Leeward West - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - Oahu 021-023>024-026> Koolau - Oahu South Shore - Olomana - South Big Island 027 01 0000HST 31 0600HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Rains that fell across the Aloha State in December helped alleviate the drought considerably, but D2 level conditions continued to plague parts of Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii, and all of Lanai. County officials maintained water restrictions, at least in part. Honolulu County 1 NNW Kaaawa 01 0413HST 1 WNW Niu 0511HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

An area of heavy showers moving from east to west passed over windward and southeast portions of Oahu. There were no reports of significant injuries or property damage.

HIZ001-005-008> Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Windward West - Molokai Windward - Niihau - 009-012-017-020- Oahu Koolau - Oahu South Shore - Olomana - South Big Island - Windward Haleakala 024>025 02 0800HST 04 1400HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A trade wind swell produced surf of 6 to 10 feet along the east-facing shores of all the islands except Lanai. No serious property damage or injuries were reported. Kauai County 1 ESE Wailua 03 0600HST 0634HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A canoe club became flooded in the lower Wailua River area as heavy rains fell across eastern parts of Kauai.

A weakening cold front pushing south near the Hawaiian Islands generated heavy showers over east and southeast parts of Kauai. The conditions were severe enough to cause flash flooding. No serious injuries were reported. The costs of damages, of anything significant, were not available.

HIZ001-007>009- Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai 012>013-017-019> Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Olomana - Windward 020-025 Haleakala 08 0200HST 09 2200HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far north of the Aloha State caused surf of 10 to 20 feet along the north-facing shores, and 6 to 8 feet along the east-facing shores, of all the islands except Lanai. There were no reports of significant injuries or property damage.

Honolulu County 2 SW Mokuleia 09 1800HST Hawaii Kai 10 0317HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Kauai County 4 W Kapaa 09 1835HST 1840HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree was toppled by thunderstorm winds. The tree then fell on a boat and a shed.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Kauai County 1 SSE Princeville 09 1930HST 10 0111HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rains caused the Hanalei River to rise over its banks along Kuhio Highway at the Hanalei Bridge.

48 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Maui County 2 NE Kepuhi 10 0122HST 4 SE Kalawao 0415HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 6 W Shipwreck Beach 10 0253HST 2 NE Manele Harbor 0540HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 ENE Honokahua 10 0407HST 5 NW Koali 0651HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 2 ENE Kepuhi 10 0417HST 1 ENE Pukoo 1008HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 2 SW Mokuleia 10 0431HST Hawaii Kai 0724HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 7 W Shipwreck Beach 10 0541HST 2 ENE Manele Harbor 0836HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 S Honokohau 10 0656HST 2 NNW Kaupo 1521HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 3 ESE Mahukona 10 1303HST 3 ENE Pahala 2038HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

HIZ028 Big Island Summit 10 1815HST 11 0303HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Honolulu County 2 NW Makaha Valley 11 0311HST Waimalu 0553HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A cold front, in combination with an upper trough, brought heavy showers, rain, and thunderstorms to parts of the Aloha State. The systems also generated snow for the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii. There were no reports of serious injuries. The weather did cause flooding problems for some residents, power and phone outages, and downed trees. The costs of the damages were not available.

Kauai County Kalihiwai 18 2344HST 1 E Wailua 19 0220HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 2 ESE Ilio Point 19 0842HST 2 SSE Maunaloa 1129HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 S Kaimuki 19 1400HST 1704HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain caused street flooding in Waikiki and at the tennis courts in Kapiolani Park.

49 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 1 NE Hanalei 19 1833HST Hanamaulu 2118HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County Puukolii 19 1855HST 1 WNW Koali 2123HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 2 SW Mokuleia 20 0531HST 1 NW Hawaii Kai 0736HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 S Kahuku 20 1451HST 1 SSE Kaaawa 1733HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 SW Hana 21 0801HST 1 ENE Kipahulu 1339HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 8 S Honaunau 21 1220HST 1 NW Kalapana 1506HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 E Kona Village Resort 21 1414HST 2 SE Milolii 1625HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Kauai County 1 E Pokii 21 1511HST 2 ESE Koloa 1627HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 ENE I Kihei 21 1527HST 1 SW Waianapanapa Sp 1710HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 3 S Haleiwa 22 1337HST 1 WNW Wheeler Afb 1804HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NE Haliimaile 22 1346HST 1 WNW Pulehu 1637HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 3 N Saddle Road Junction 22 1454HST 1630HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A portion of Mamalahoa Highway, Highway 190, between mile posts 2 and 7 was closed at Kamakoa Gulch because of flooding. Honolulu County 2 SSE Kahuku 22 1625HST Wahiawa 1804HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 ESE Mahukona 22 1832HST 7 W Kalapana 2126HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

50 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Hawaii County 1 WSW Hawaiian Beaches 23 1356HST 5 WSW Naalehu 1951HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 N Waipahu 23 1457HST 1 SSE Barbers Pt Housing 1609HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 WNW Happy Valley 23 1642HST 1 E Puunene 1911HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 ESE Kona Village Resort 23 1656HST 4 NW Kalapana 1951HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A large Kona low west of Hawaii began to move east. This was followed by significant levels of tropical moisture being drawn north over the Aloha State. Precipitation became heavy at times over the islands, especially Oahu and Molokai. No serious injuries were reported. Damage estimates were not available, though there were reports of buckled road pavement and urban flooding because of poor drainage.

Honolulu County 1 WNW Punaluu 24 1351HST 1 SSE Kaneohe 1517HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 SW Hilo 24 1356HST 3 WNW Mountain View 1519HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 2 E Kawela Bay 24 1651HST 1 ENE Kaaawa 2007HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A weather system west of the Aloha State triggered showers and thunderstorms across the islands. Flash flooding and heavy rain events were commonplace, as was the case earlier in the month. No serious injuries were reported. Damage estimates were not available.

HIZ001>003-008> Big Island North and East - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward 009-012>013-017- West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Olomana - Windward Haleakala 019>020-025 25 0600HST 26 0900HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far north of the Aloha State caused surf of 10 to 16 feet along the north-facing shores of Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island; and 6 to 10 feet along the east-facing shores of these same isles, especially those east shores exposed to a north- and northeast swell. No significant property damage or injuries were reported.

Hawaii County 6 NNE Kailua Kona 25 1636HST 5 E Honaunau National Pk 1825HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NW I Kihei 26 0055HST 0547HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Maui police close a portion of South Kihei Road because of flooding. Culverts and ditches were overflowing onto the street.

51 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 2 E Na Pali Coast Sp 26 0455HST 2 N Kaawanui Village 0751HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 E Waianae 26 0630HST 0739HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain produced flooding along Puhawai Road in the Waianae Valley in West Oahu. Water was at least 18 inches deep along a 90-foot stretch of the road. Honolulu County 3 SW Mokuleia 26 0745HST 1 N Hahaione Valley 1040HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 N Huelo 26 1228HST Makawao 1304HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Kauai County 1 SSE Princeville 27 0800HST 1143HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding rains caused the Hanalei River to flow over its banks along Kuhio Highway at the Hanalei Bridge.

Honolulu County 1 NW Barbers Pt Housing 27 1848HST 2053HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy showers over leeward Oahu caused flooding at the Kalaeloa off-ramp of the H-1 Freeway. Two vehicles that had become swamped by the water had to be towed from the site. Additionally, a few homes were flooded along Waianae Valley Road and Lahaina Street; a debris flow closed part of Kamehameha Highway; and the westbound side of Farrington Highway became flooded near Aliinui Drive, where several cars stalled in the water.

A weather system west of the Aloha State triggered showers and thunderstorms across the islands. Flash flooding and heavy rain events were commonplace, as was the case earlier in the month. No serious injuries were reported. Damage estimates were not available.

HIZ002-005-008- Big Island Interior - Kauai Windward - Kohala - Kona - Lanai Makai - Lanai Mauka - Leeward 013>015-017>019- Haleakala - Maui Central Valley - Maui Leeward West - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - Oahu 021-023>024-026> Koolau - Oahu South Shore - Olomana - South Big Island 027 01 0000HST 31 0600HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Rains that fell across the Aloha State in December helped alleviate the drought considerably, but D2 level conditions continued to plague parts of Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii, and all of Lanai. County officials maintained water restrictions, at least in part. Honolulu County 1 NNW Kaaawa 01 0413HST 1 WNW Niu 0511HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

An area of heavy showers moving from east to west passed over windward and southeast portions of Oahu. There were no reports of significant injuries or property damage.

HIZ001-005-008> Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Windward West - Molokai Windward - Niihau - 009-012-017-020- Oahu Koolau - Oahu South Shore - Olomana - South Big Island - Windward Haleakala 024>025 02 0800HST 04 1400HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A trade wind swell produced surf of 6 to 10 feet along the east-facing shores of all the islands except Lanai. No serious property damage or injuries were reported.

52 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 1 ESE Wailua 03 0600HST 0634HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A canoe club became flooded in the lower Wailua River area as heavy rains fell across eastern parts of Kauai.

A weakening cold front pushing south near the Hawaiian Islands generated heavy showers over east and southeast parts of Kauai. The conditions were severe enough to cause flash flooding. No serious injuries were reported. The costs of damages, of anything significant, were not available.

HIZ001-007>009- Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai 012>013-017-019> Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Olomana - Windward 020-025 Haleakala 08 0200HST 09 2200HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far north of the Aloha State caused surf of 10 to 20 feet along the north-facing shores, and 6 to 8 feet along the east-facing shores, of all the islands except Lanai. There were no reports of significant injuries or property damage.

Honolulu County 2 SW Mokuleia 09 1800HST Hawaii Kai 10 0317HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Kauai County 4 W Kapaa 09 1835HST 1840HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree was toppled by thunderstorm winds. The tree then fell on a boat and a shed.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Kauai County 1 SSE Princeville 09 1930HST 10 0111HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rains caused the Hanalei River to rise over its banks along Kuhio Highway at the Hanalei Bridge.

Maui County 2 NE Kepuhi 10 0122HST 4 SE Kalawao 0415HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 6 W Shipwreck Beach 10 0253HST 2 NE Manele Harbor 0540HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 ENE Honokahua 10 0407HST 5 NW Koali 0651HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 2 ENE Kepuhi 10 0417HST 1 ENE Pukoo 1008HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 2 SW Mokuleia 10 0431HST Hawaii Kai 0724HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

53 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Maui County 7 W Shipwreck Beach 10 0541HST 2 ENE Manele Harbor 0836HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 S Honokohau 10 0656HST 2 NNW Kaupo 1521HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 3 ESE Mahukona 10 1303HST 3 ENE Pahala 2038HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

HIZ028 Big Island Summit 10 1815HST 11 0303HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Honolulu County 2 NW Makaha Valley 11 0311HST Waimalu 0553HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A cold front, in combination with an upper trough, brought heavy showers, rain, and thunderstorms to parts of the Aloha State. The systems also generated snow for the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii. There were no reports of serious injuries. The weather did cause flooding problems for some residents, power and phone outages, and downed trees. The costs of the damages were not available.

Kauai County Kalihiwai 18 2344HST 1 E Wailua 19 0220HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 2 ESE Ilio Point 19 0842HST 2 SSE Maunaloa 1129HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 S Kaimuki 19 1400HST 1704HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain caused street flooding in Waikiki and at the tennis courts in Kapiolani Park.

Kauai County 1 NE Hanalei 19 1833HST Hanamaulu 2118HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County Puukolii 19 1855HST 1 WNW Koali 2123HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 2 SW Mokuleia 20 0531HST 1 NW Hawaii Kai 0736HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 S Kahuku 20 1451HST 1 SSE Kaaawa 1733HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

54 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Maui County 1 SW Hana 21 0801HST 1 ENE Kipahulu 1339HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 8 S Honaunau 21 1220HST 1 NW Kalapana 1506HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 E Kona Village Resort 21 1414HST 2 SE Milolii 1625HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Kauai County 1 E Pokii 21 1511HST 2 ESE Koloa 1627HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 ENE I Kihei 21 1527HST 1 SW Waianapanapa Sp 1710HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 3 S Haleiwa 22 1337HST 1 WNW Wheeler Afb 1804HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NE Haliimaile 22 1346HST 1 WNW Pulehu 1637HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 3 N Saddle Road Junction 22 1454HST 1630HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A portion of Mamalahoa Highway, Highway 190, between mile posts 2 and 7 was closed at Kamakoa Gulch because of flooding. Honolulu County 2 SSE Kahuku 22 1625HST Wahiawa 1804HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 ESE Mahukona 22 1832HST 7 W Kalapana 2126HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 1 WSW Hawaiian Beaches 23 1356HST 5 WSW Naalehu 1951HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 N Waipahu 23 1457HST 1 SSE Barbers Pt Housing 1609HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 WNW Happy Valley 23 1642HST 1 E Puunene 1911HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 ESE Kona Village Resort 23 1656HST 4 NW Kalapana 1951HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

55 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII

A large Kona low west of Hawaii began to move east. This was followed by significant levels of tropical moisture being drawn north over the Aloha State. Precipitation became heavy at times over the islands, especially Oahu and Molokai. No serious injuries were reported. Damage estimates were not available, though there were reports of buckled road pavement and urban flooding because of poor drainage.

Honolulu County 1 WNW Punaluu 24 1351HST 1 SSE Kaneohe 1517HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Hawaii County 5 SW Hilo 24 1356HST 3 WNW Mountain View 1519HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 2 E Kawela Bay 24 1651HST 1 ENE Kaaawa 2007HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A weather system west of the Aloha State triggered showers and thunderstorms across the islands. Flash flooding and heavy rain events were commonplace, as was the case earlier in the month. No serious injuries were reported. Damage estimates were not available.

HIZ001>003-008> Big Island North and East - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward 009-012>013-017- West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Olomana - Windward Haleakala 019>020-025 25 0600HST 26 0900HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a strong low far north of the Aloha State caused surf of 10 to 16 feet along the north-facing shores of Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island; and 6 to 10 feet along the east-facing shores of these same isles, especially those east shores exposed to a north- and northeast swell. No significant property damage or injuries were reported.

Hawaii County 6 NNE Kailua Kona 25 1636HST 5 E Honaunau National Pk 1825HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 NW I Kihei 26 0055HST 0547HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Maui police close a portion of South Kihei Road because of flooding. Culverts and ditches were overflowing onto the street.

Kauai County 2 E Na Pali Coast Sp 26 0455HST 2 N Kaawanui Village 0751HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Honolulu County 1 E Waianae 26 0630HST 0739HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain produced flooding along Puhawai Road in the Waianae Valley in West Oahu. Water was at least 18 inches deep along a 90-foot stretch of the road. Honolulu County 3 SW Mokuleia 26 0745HST 1 N Hahaione Valley 1040HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Maui County 1 N Huelo 26 1228HST Makawao 1304HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

56 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 1 SSE Princeville 27 0800HST 1143HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding rains caused the Hanalei River to flow over its banks along Kuhio Highway at the Hanalei Bridge.

Honolulu County 1 NW Barbers Pt Housing 27 1848HST 2053HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy showers over leeward Oahu caused flooding at the Kalaeloa off-ramp of the H-1 Freeway. Two vehicles that had become swamped by the water had to be towed from the site. Additionally, a few homes were flooded along Waianae Valley Road and Lahaina Street; a debris flow closed part of Kamehameha Highway; and the westbound side of Farrington Highway became flooded near Aliinui Drive, where several cars stalled in the water.

A weather system west of the Aloha State triggered showers and thunderstorms across the islands. Flash flooding and heavy rain events were commonplace, as was the case earlier in the month. No serious injuries were reported. Damage estimates were not available.

IDAHO, North

IDZ005-007 Northern Clearwater Mountains - Orofino/Grangeville Region 01 0005PST 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A very moist storm system from the Pacific dropped heavy snow in Idaho.

IDZ010 Eastern Lemhi County 02 0005MST 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Pacific moisture continued to stream into the northern Rockies under a westerly flow aloft.

IDZ006 Southern Clearwater Mountains 09 0400PST 10 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An active westerly flow aloft dominated the weather pattern from Wednesday into Friday. Waves of energy coupled with a strong jet stream oriented across the region produced a favorable setting for heavy snowfalls.

IDZ008 Lower Hells Canyon/Salmon River Region 19 1200PST 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

IDZ007 Orofino/Grangeville Region 20 0200PST 1010PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A mid level circulation developed overnight as a surface low deepened over central Idaho. The placement of the low, in combination with a plume of Pacific moisture was a favorable set up for snow across western Montana and north central Idaho.

IDZ005 Northern Clearwater Mountains 28 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 30 A powerful Pacific storm system with abundant moisture interacted with a very cold arctic air mass to produce heavy snow with areas of blowing snow and very cold wind chill temperatures.

IDZ006 Southern Clearwater Mountains 28 1800PST 30 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche

57 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IDAHO, North

A powerful Pacific storm system with abundant moisture interacted with a very cold arctic air mass to produce heavy snow with areas of blowing snow and very cold wind chill temperatures.

IDZ010 Eastern Lemhi County 30 1634MST 2049MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

A very cold arctic air mass moved south out of Canada. Associated with the leading edge of the cold air were strong winds, producing bitterly cold wind chill temperatures.

IDAHO, Northwest

IDZ004 Central Panhandle Mountains 01 2000PST 03 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A nearly stationary front brought heavy snowfall to the Central Panhandle Mountains. Lookout Ski Resort and Silver Mountain picked up between 12 to 14 inches of snow. Valley areas were warmer and received much less snowfall, with Kellogg and St. Maries receiving one to three inches of accumulation.

09 0500PST 10 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A very moist fetch coming into North Idaho off the Pacific Ocean resulted in heavy snow in the Central Panhandle Mountains. Snow accumulations in the mountains ranged anywhere from ten to 16 inches.

27 2100PST 28 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A very moist warm front passage brought heavy snow to the Central Panhandle Mountains. Snow accumulations in the mountains ranged from six to nine inches. Kootenai County Rose Lake 28 1200PST 1800PST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flood

Warm temperatures and moderate rainfall led to an isolated cause of flooding near Rose Lake. A culvert running underneath Idaho 3 collapsed, with the roadway later washing out. The road was closed for a week before reopening.

IDZ003 Idaho Palouse 28 1900PST 29 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

IDZ027 Lewis and Southern Nez Perce 28 1900PST 29 1700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IDZ002 Southwest and West Kootenai 28 2200PST 29 2300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

IDZ026 Lewiston Area 28 2200PST 29 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IDZ001-004 Central Panhandle Mountains - Northern Panhandle 28 2300PST 29 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

58 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IDAHO, Northwest IDZ003 Idaho Palouse 29 0600PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Heavy snow as well as areas of blowing snow occurred over portions of north Idaho, along with blizzard conditions on the Palouse. Clark Fork was hit especially hard with heavy snow as a stalled frontal boundary resulted in 28 inches of snow. Power outages were reported in the Kellogg, Deary, and Sandpoint areas. In the Coeur D'Alene area Idaho State Police responded to 56 accidents. In the North Idaho Panhandle in Bonner County, authorities responded to 11 slide-offs and 16 non- injury accidents. The Idaho Transportation Department closed down U.S. Highway 95 from Moscow to Lewiston, and State Highway 3.

IDAHO, Southeast

IDZ018-031-032 Big and Little Wood River Region - Lost River/Pahsimeroi - Sawtooth Mountains

02 0600MST 03 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Heavy snow fell in the Central Mountains with 15 inches at Bear Canyon, 17 inches at Smiley Mountain, 11 inches at Mill Creek Summit, 16 inches at Lost Wood Divide, 12 inches at Vienna Mine, 11 inches at Swede Peak, 10 inches at Hyndman, 14 inches at Meadow Lake, and 10 inches at Moonshine.

IDZ021 Lower Snake River Plain 06 0700MST 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

Tractor trailers sliding off interstate 86 and 15 between 8 and 9 am closed both interstates for brief periods.

IDZ018-031 Big and Little Wood River Region - Sawtooth Mountains 18 0600MST 20 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

IDZ022-023 Caribou Highlands - South Central Highlands 19 0500MST 20 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A warm and wet Pacific system brought heavy 36 hour snow totals to the mountains of central and southern Idaho. 11 inches in Bear Canyon, a foot in Smiley Mountain and Mill Creek Summit, 10 inches at Howell Canyon and Oxfod Springs, 13 inches at Sedgwick Peak, 19 inches at Emigrant Summit, 12 inches at Franklin Basin, 11 inches at Giveout, 12 inches at Slug Creek, 19 inches at Dollarhide, 20 inches at Galena, 17 inches at Galena Summit, 18 inches at Garfield Ranger Station, 21 inches at Lost Wood Divide, 22 inches at Veinna Mine, 9 inches at Meadow Lake, and 12 inches at Moonshine.

IDZ019-022-025- Big and Little Wood River Region - Caribou Highlands - Lost River/Pahsimeroi - South Central 031>032 Highlands - Upper Snake Highlands - Wasatch Mountains/Idaho Portion 28 1000MST 30 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Very heavy snow fell portions of southeast Idaho from the 28th through the morning of the 30th. Heaviest spotter reports werre 12 inches in Island Park, 10 inches in Bern, 13 inches in Holbrook, and 8 inches in Roy. SNOTEL sites reporting heavy snow were Crab Creek with 14 inches, Island Park 17, White Elephant 34, Sedgwick Peak 18, Wild Hors Divide 15, Emigrant Summit 17, Franklin Basin 25, Dollarhide 11, Galena Summit 11, Swede Peak 11, and Meadow Lake 10.

IDAHO, Southwest

IDZ012-014-033 Lower Treasure Valley - Upper Treasure Valley - Upper Weiser Valley

01 0000MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong winter system plowed into Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho leaving pockets of heavy snow in the Treasure Valley of Idaho and Oregon.

59 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IDAHO, Southwest IDZ011-013-033 Boise Mountains - Upper Weiser Valley - West Central Mountains

27 2100MST 28 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

The wave of low pressure that moved through Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho on the 27th and 28th generally left a foot of new snow across parts of Baker County, Oregon and the West Central and Boise Mountains of Idaho and locally up to nearly 2 feet in some spots.

28 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 29

IDZ013-028 Boise Mountains - Camas Prairie 28 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 29 The second part of the huge storm that hit Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho left another 12 to 18 inches of new snow across the region with 2 day totals of over 2 feet in some locations.

ILLINOIS, Central

ILZ030-038-045> Champaign - Marshall - Mclean - Vermilion - Woodford 046 03 1800CST 04 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Low pressure tracking from the Dakotas southeastward into the Ohio River Valley brought heavy snow to the northern third of Illinois during the evening of December 3rd into the morning of December 4th. The snow occurred primarily along and northeast of the I-74 corridor, with areas from Henry southeastward to Champaign-Urbana picking up in excess of 6 inches.

ILZ038-042 Logan - Mclean 12 0300CST 13 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

ILZ051 Sangamon 12 0300CST 13 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ027-036-040- De Witt - Fulton - Knox - Schuyler 043 12 0500CST 13 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

ILZ050 Morgan 12 0600CST 13 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ028>031-037- Champaign - Marshall - Mason - Peoria - Piatt - Stark - Tazewell - Vermilion - Woodford 041-044>046 12 0700CST 13 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

ILZ056-062-068- Clark - Coles - Crawford - Cumberland - Lawrence 073 12 0900CST 13 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense area of low pressure tracked from Iowa into the eastern Great Lakes on Sunday, December 12th. The heaviest snow with this system remained well to the north across parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin: however, lighter snow ranging from 2 to 4 inches fell further south across central Illinois. As the low deepened, strong northwesterly winds gusting over 50 mph at times developed, creating white-out conditions in many locations. Sharply colder air streamed into the region behind the departing system, resulting in wind-chill values plunging well below zero into December 13th.

60 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Central ILZ050-057-068 Crawford - Edgar - Morgan 15 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 17 A weather disturbance tracked from the Plains through central Illinois on December 15th and 16th, spreading a mixture of snow, sleet, and freezing rain across the area. Snowfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches were reported along and northeast of the I-74 corridor...with mainly freezing rain reported further south. Ice accumulations were less than one quarter of an inch. Despite the light nature of the wintery precipitation, several traffic accidents were reported around the area, including one that killed a man in rural Crawford County.

ILZ029-031-036> Fulton - Mclean - Peoria - Tazewell - Woodford 038 24 1000CST 25 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracking from the Dakotas southeastward into the Ohio River Valley brought snow to central and southeast Illinois from the morning of December 24th to the early morning hours of December 25th. Widespread 3 to 5-inch amounts were common...with many locations along and north of a Canton to Bloomington-Normal line picking up around 6 inches. Numerous traffic accidents were reported on Christmas Eve, one of which killed a man in McLean County.

Morgan County 2 NW Jacksonville 31 1209CST 1210CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Menard County 2 WNW Lincns New Salem St 31 1237CST 2 N Tice 1240CST 3.63 200 0 1 12.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

A tornado touched down on the west side of Lake Petersburg at 12:37 PM CST, then tracked northeast over the lake and across Sunny Acres Road, before lifting southeast of the intersection of Tice Road and Illinois 123 at 12:40 PM CST. A total of 29 homes sustained significant structural damage, four of which could not be repaired. Two barns were also destroyed, and nearly 100 houses and a nursing home had minor damage along the path of the tornado. One person was seriously injured when the tornado caused a large tree limb to fall on their automobile, crushing the car and trapping the occupant.

A strong cold front pushed across central Illinois on December 31st, triggering a line of strong to severe thunderstorms. Unseasonably warm and moist air ahead of the front aided in initial storm development, while a strong upper-level disturbance created a highly sheared environment. One of the resulting supercell thunderstorms produced an EF3 tornado that tracked across the Lake Petersburg area in Menard County, creating considerable damage.

ILLINOIS, Northeast

ILZ019-032-039 Ford - La Salle - Livingston 03 1800CST 04 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Snow began falling across northern and central Illinois during the evening hours of December 3rd and continued into the afternoon hours of December 4th. Snowfall totals ranged from 5 to 8 inches across a large area. Storm total snowfall amounts included 7.8 inches in Peru; 7.0 inches four miles southwest of Ottawa; 6.0 inches in Streator; 6.0 inches in Marseilles and 6.0 inches in Chatsworth.

ILZ003>006-008- Boone - Cook - De Kalb - Du Page - Ford - Grundy - Iroquois - Kane - Kankakee - Kendall - La Salle - 010>014-019>023- Lake - Lee - Livingston - McHenry - Ogle - Will - Winnebago 032>033-039 11 1400CST 12 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong winter storm moved across northern Illinois on December 11th and 12th, producing snowfall totals generally in the 1 to 3 inch range. As the storm moved east, very strong winds developed causing whiteout and near blizzard conditions in open areas. Winds were frequently gusting between 45 mph and 55 mph which also blew down tree limbs and power lines. Hundreds of accidents, spin outs and vehicles in ditches were reported across the area. A 19 year old man was killed in a two car head-on accident on Route 26 north of Forreston in Ogle County on December 11th. Multiple crashes involving at least 14 cars near Hampshire in Kane County sent five people to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries. A car flipped over in Woodstock and its three occupants were taken to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries.

61 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Northeast ILZ021 Grundy 13 0000CST 1200CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

A 47 year old man was found outside his Morris home on the morning of December 13th and had died from cold exposure. Low temperatures were in the single digits on the morning of December 13th. M47OU

ILZ014 Cook 22 0000CST 1200CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

A 76 year old woman died from cold exposure on Roosevelt Road in Chicago on December 22nd. Low temperatures on December 22nd were in the upper teens. F76PH

ILZ019-032 La Salle - Livingston 24 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 25 Snow began falling across central Illinois during the morning hours of December 24th and continued into the morning hours of December 25th. Many locations received 3 to 6 inches of snow. A few locations received more including 7.0 inches in Streator and 6.5 inches five and a half miles west northwest of Marseilles.

ILZ006-014 Cook - Lake 25 1200CST 26 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Lake effect snow developed across northeast Illinois during the afternoon hours of December 25th and continued into the early morning hours of December 26th. The snow was heavy at times with visibilities reduced to a quarter mile or less. Storm total snowfall amounts included 7.4 inches in Northbrook; 7.0 inches in Gurnee and 6.1 inches in Evanston.

ILLINOIS, Northwest

ILZ024 Mercer 03 1300CST 04 1315CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ001-007-009- Bureau - Carroll - Henry - Jo Daviess - Putnam - Rock Island - Stephenson - Whiteside 015>018 03 1430CST 04 1545CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The first winter storm of the season arrived on December 3-4, 2010. Low pressure was located in Nebraska with a warm front lifting out of the Plains. Temperatures ranged from the 20s in eastern Iowa to the 60s in the southern and central Plains. A 40 knot low level jet was pointed into the region with strong warm air advection producing bands of heavy snow. Snowfall amounts of at least 6 inches were noted in portions of eastern Iowa and northwest Illinois. As much as 9.4 inches of snow was measured at Thomson, Illinois in Carroll county, and 9.2 inches near Elizabeth, Illinois in Jo Daviess county. Nine inches of snow was reported near Princeton, Illinois and near Dubuque, Iowa. There were numerous accidents and cars in the ditches due to the snowfall.

11 2240CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ016 Henry 11 2300CST 12 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

ILZ001-007-009- Carroll - Jo Daviess - Mercer - Stephenson - Whiteside 024 11 2300CST 12 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

62 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Northwest ILZ025-034 Hancock - Henderson 12 0015CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ017-026-035 Bureau - McDonough - Putnam - Warren 12 0100CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A blizzard struck portions of eastern Iowa and western Illinois on December 11-12, 2010. A strong upper level disturbance and powerful jet stream began diving out of the northern Rockies. Low pressure then formed across the northern Plains and tracked into western Iowa. This cyclone then intensified considerably as it pushed into northern Illinois. Even though snowfall was generally only in the 1 to 4 inch range, strong winds gusting to 40 to 50 mph generated blizzard conditions in some locations. The worst blizzard conditions were observed west of Interstate 380/Highway 218 in eastern Iowa, and also in portions of western Illinois. Roads were impassable and drifts several feet high which stranded some motorists. The strong winds also toppled a tree onto a house in Marion, Iowa and flipped a metal shed off its cement foundation in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

ILZ001-007-009- Bureau - Carroll - Henry - Jo Daviess - Mercer - Putnam - Rock Island - Stephenson - Warren - Whiteside 015>018-024-026 15 1740CST 16 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A warm front from South Dakota to western Missouri moved east on December 15-16, 2010 producing several inches of snow across eastern Iowa and western Illinois. A strong baroclinic zone associated with the front produced strong warm air advection which led to several bands of heavier snow. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches were common with the highest amount of 6 inches reported at Muscatine, Iowa. The National Weather Service Forecast Office at the Davenport Municipal Airport measured 5.9 inches of snow.

ILZ001-007-009- Bureau - Carroll - Henry - Jo Daviess - Putnam - Rock Island - Stephenson - Whiteside 015>018 20 0800CST 21 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure in South Dakota with a warm front extending to western Missouri generated warm air advection snow across northeast Iowa and northwest Illinois on December 20-21, 2010. Snowfall amounts of 2 to 5 inches were noted at many locations, with the highest amount of 6.2 inches near Winslow, Illinois in Stephenson county.

ILZ009-015 Rock Island - Whiteside 23 2200CST 25 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

ILZ024 Mercer 23 2300CST 25 0050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ007 Carroll 24 0125CST 25 0230CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ016 Henry 24 0200CST 25 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

ILZ001-017>018- Bureau - Hancock - Henderson - Jo Daviess - McDonough - Putnam - Stephenson - Warren 025>026-034>035 24 0300CST 25 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

63 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Northwest

A timely snowstorm brought picture perfect conditions to much of the Midwest for Christmas Eve into Christmas Day. A strong warm front was located from western Iowa to western Kentucky with strong warm air advection producing several bands of moderate to heavy snowfall. Accumulations were at least 5 inches in many locations, but ranged from a foot of snow in portions of northeast Iowa to about 3 to 4 inches in extreme northeast Missouri. The most measured was 12 inches at Coggon, Iowa in Linn county. Other amounts included 11 inches near Marion, Iowa in Linn county, 10.2 inches at Quasqueton, Iowa in Buchanan county, and 9.4 inches at Lowden, Iowa in Cedar county. Even in northwest Illinois amounts were impressive with 9.6 inches measured by a spotter near Coal Valley in Henry county.

ILLINOIS, South

ILZ075>078-080> Alexander - Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnson - Massac - 094 Perry - Pope - Pulaski - Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson

01 0000CST 24 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions lingered across southern Illinois early in the month. The drought ended later in December. For the year 2010, most locations ended the year with precipitation deficits of 10 to 13 inches. The long-term moisture deficits were reflected in below normal streamflows on some waterways. In particular, water levels on Rend Lake were too low for safe boating. Agricultural impacts were minimal since the growing season ended in the fall.

12 0500CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ076>078-080> Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Jackson - Johnson - Massac - Perry - Pope - Pulaski - 091-093>094 Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson 12 0500CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first blast of winter weather followed a strong cold front that swept rapidly east across the Mississippi and Lower Ohio Valleys. Behind the front, widespread snow showers and very windy conditions produced difficult travel conditions. Northwest winds ranged from 20 to 30 mph with higher gusts. Peak gusts were as high as 40 mph at Carbondale, 45 mph at Harrisburg, and 47 mph at Carmi. Snow accumulated from one to four inches across southern Illinois. The lowest amounts were an inch or less near the Mississippi River, including the city of Cairo. Widespread amounts from 2 to 3 inches covered most of southern Illinois. A narrow axis of 4-inch amounts extended from Mount Carmel (Wabash County) west-southwest across Interstate 64 to around Benton (Franklin County). There was a pocket of 4 to 6 inches in Johnson County. The snow came down rather heavily at times during the morning, reducing visibility to around one-half mile for a couple hours. Roads became snow- covered and slippery, resulting in numerous accidents. The White County sheriff department handled about 50 vehicle slide- offs and accidents. One sheriff vehicle was struck at the scene of an accident. A tractor-trailer rig crashed on Interstate 64 near the Indiana state line, injuring the driver. A separate accident involving a car that slid off the interstate resulted in one injury. That stretch of Interstate 64 was described as a sheet of ice. The previous day's rainfall was frozen beneath the snow, making roads extremely slick. In Johnson County, a dispatcher reported 15 calls from motorists within two hours. About six of those calls involved property-damage accidents. Several accidents occurred in Hardin County. Strong winds caused blowing and drifting that produced slippery spots well after the snow ended. Visibility was sharply reduced by blowing snow in open farm country. In Jefferson County, a man died in a single-vehicle accident on northbound Interstate 57 on the south edge of Mount Vernon. State police reported zero visibility created by blowing snow contributed to the fatal rollover crash. Dozens of vehicles slid off roads in Franklin County due to blowing and drifting snow. Three people were injured in a wreck on Route 14 in Franklin County that was caused by poor visibility in blowing snow. Drifts of one to two feet were reported in unobstructed open country, specifically in Edwards County in the Wabash Valley. Minor accidents and stranded motorists kept police busy well into the night. Schools were closed the following day in some areas.

ILZ075>078-080> Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnson - Massac - Perry - Pope 091-093>094 - Pulaski - Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson 15 1900CST 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system tracked eastward across western Tennessee. A warm front lifted northward ahead of this system, causing freezing rain. Around one-tenth inch of glazing occurred on most surfaces, including trees and power lines. The main impact was on travel. Secondary roads became hazardous due to ice and slush. Numerous vehicles slid off roads. Schools were closed in some areas. A number of people slipped and fell, including several who required treatment at Franklin County Hospital. Main roads were generally wet, but with some icy spots. Temperatures were just warm enough in the Cairo area that the precipitation fell as plain rain.

64 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, South ILZ075>078-080> Alexander - Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnson - Massac - 094 Perry - Pope - Pulaski - Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson

24 0700CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weak low pressure system moved eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Eve, reaching the Southeast states during the overnight hours. At the same time, a rather strong upper level disturbance moved southeast across the central Plains. This combination of systems resulted in widespread snowfall across southern Illinois. Average snowfall amounts were right around three inches. There was an area of 4 to 6 inches north and west of a line from Mount Carmel to Benton. This included Mount Vernon, Pinckneyville, and Fairfield. The snow came down rather heavily for a few hours, reducing visibility to one-quarter mile and accumulating nearly an inch per hour. Specific snowfall reports included 3.5 inches near Anna, 3 inches at Brookport, Mount Carmel, and Marion, and 5 inches at Sesser. The highest reported amount was 6 inches near Waltonville in Jefferson County. Roads became slick and hazardous, causing an increase in accidents. One accident in Franklin County just east of Christopher resulted in a fatality. A vehicle lost control on snow-covered Route 14 and entered the opposite lane, striking another vehicle. On Interstate 57 in Alexander County, a man was seriously injured in an accident.

ILLINOIS, Southwest Pike County Martinsburg 31 1052CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew down a large tree just north of Martinsburg.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Pike County 1 ENE Pittsfield 31 1057CST 2 WSW Time 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Calhoun County 2 WNW Mozier 31 1156CST 3 E Belleview 1159CST 3.64 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A tornado touched down three miles north northwest of Mozier in the Calhoun County conservation area called Rip Rap Landing. It crossed Illinois Route 96 near West Panther Creek Road and then traveled northeast crossing Hootowl Hollow Road before dissipating just west of Hillcrest. Damage was confined to uprooted trees.

Monroe County 1 S Columbia 31 1211CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Monroe County Columbia 31 1215CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

Monroe County Waterloo 31 1217CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

St. Clair County Belleville 31 1220CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

St. Clair County Belleville 31 1220CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew down several power poles around town.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. St. Clair County Mascoutah 31 1226CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew some siding off of a house and outbuildings.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

65 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Southwest St. Clair County 2 NNE Lebanon 31 1230CST 1231CST 0.14 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A tornado touched down just west of Emerald Mound Grange Road, south of Midgley Neiss Road. It traveled to the northeast crossing Emerald Mound Grange Road, then lifted a short time later. The tornado damaged a few outbuildings and trees on a farmstead on the west side of the road. Bond County 3 SW Durley 31 1305CST 1307CST 1.74 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A tornado touched down on the north side of Greenville near the intersection of North Hena Street and North Dewey Street. An agricultural building at the high school sustained roof damage with some additional minor roof and tree damage noticed at an adjacent house. The tornado then moved northeast causing significant damage to a large tree on the north side of Illinois Route 140. Minor roof and siding damage was noted on several houses on Cloverfield Lane and North Idler Lane. The tornado continued northeast producing additional minor roof and tree damage on Country Club and Woburn Roads before dissipating.

Severe thunderstorms developed ahead of a strong cold front, triggering numerous showers and thunderstorms. A number of tornadoes were reported as well as damaging winds and large hail.

INDIANA, Central

INZ037-045-047 Boone - Marion - Putnam 01 0400EST 1600EST 0 0 Winter Weather

The first measurable snowfall of the season occurred on the 1st of December across most of central Indiana, as a strongly amplified upper level system pushed eastward over the Ohio Valley that morning. This was a light snowfall affair, with many locations not seeing over an inch of snow. While snowfall was light, the impacts to travel were a bit more significant with numerous accidents and slide-offs reported.

INZ047-070 Lawrence - Marion 12 0900EST 13 0700EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the heels of a cold frontal passage, a strong, closed upper level low pressure system pushed eastward across the Ohio River Valley during the day on the 12th of December. Most of central Indiana saw between one and a half to almost five inches of snow, with the heaviest snow falling in and around the Indianapolis metropolitan area. Numerous vehicle accidents and slide- offs were reported along with a fatality in the Indianapolis area.

INZ060>063-067> Brown - Daviess - Greene - Jackson - Knox - Lawrence - Martin - Monroe - Sullivan 071 15 2030EST 16 0630EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Under fairly zonal flow aloft, an inverted surface trough pushed toward the Ohio River Valley from the southwest. Enough moisture and lift were realized, as the surface low approached from the southwest, to produce up to 5 inches of snow and up to a half inch of ice accumulation across southern portions of central Indiana. Numerous accidents and slide-offs were reported during this winter weather episode, with a number of accident-related injuries. Multiple school and business closings were reported as well.

INDIANA, Northeast

INZ003 La Porte 04 2300CST 07 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

INZ004-014-016 Elkhart - Kosciusko - Marshall - St. Joseph 05 0200CST 07 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

66 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Northeast INZ006>009-017> Allen - De Kalb - Lagrange - Noble - Steuben - Whitley 018 05 0900EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A long duration lake effect snow event dropped accumulating snow on much of northern Indiana between December 5th and December 7th. Snowfall totals ranged from 3-5 inches in the Fort Wayne area to around 10 inches in South Bend. Gusty winds within these snow bands created widespread blowing and drifting snow.

INZ003>009-012- Allen - De Kalb - Elkhart - Kosciusko - La Porte - Lagrange - Marshall - Noble - St. Joseph - Starke - 014-016>018-026 Steuben - Wells - Whitley 12 0400CST 13 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A deepening area of low pressure tracked eastward near the Interstate 80 corridor in Indiana and Ohio. Precipitation initially began as rain on December 11th, before transitioning to moderate snow on the 12th as colder air filtered in on the backside of this low pressure system. Snowfall totals generally ranged between 3 and 6 inches. Wind gusts of 25 to 35 mph created widespread blowing and drifting snow.

12 2000CST 14 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

12 2000EST 14 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

INZ012-020 Pulaski - Starke - White 12 2000CST 14 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A long duration, intense, lake effect single band set up over northwest Indiana late on December 12th through the morning hours of December 14th. Total snowfall accumulations of 15-30 inches were reported, with blizzard conditions at times given the associated gusty winds and low visibilities.

INDIANA, Northwest

INZ001-010>011- Benton - Jasper - Lake - Newton - Porter 019 11 1400CST 13 2000CST 0 0 85.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

12 1000CST 13 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

INZ002 Porter 12 1000CST 13 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A strong winter storm moved across northwest Indiana on December 11th and 12th, producing snowfall totals generally in the 2 to 4 inch range. As the storm moved east, very strong winds developed causing whiteout and near blizzard conditions, especially in open areas. Numerous accidents and spin outs were reported across the area. Tree limbs and power lines were blown down with winds frequently gusting between 50 mph and 60 mph with higher gusts along the Lake Michigan shore. Coastal flooding was also reported along the Lake Michigan shore. One to two hundred feet of beaches at the Indiana Dunes State Park was eroded by waves as high as 20 feet. A fence along the beach was destroyed. Johnson Beach Road was flooded by high waves. Farther inland, the high winds toppled a large outdoor steel screen used to watch movies. As colder air moved across Lake Michigan, lake effect snow developed affecting mainly Porter County into December 13th. Storm total snowfall amounts in Porter County included 14.0 inches one and a half miles east northeast of Valparaiso; 13.3 inches one mile north northwest of Valparasio; 8.0 inches one and a half miles east northeast of Chesterton and 7.7 inches five miles north northeast of Valparaiso.

67 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, South Central INZ078 Scott 04 0030EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper level disturbance sliding southeast across Illinois combined with weak low pressure that developed across Kentucky to spread a band of snow across central and southeastern Indiana. Snow developed early in the morning on the 4th of December and continued intermittently through the evening hours. A narrow band of 2 to 4 inches fell along a track stretching across Clark, Jefferson, Scott, and Washington counties. Locally, 4 to 5 inches of snow fell over Scott County.

INZ089 Perry 15 2200EST 16 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

INZ079-092 Clark - Jefferson 15 2300EST 16 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

INZ076-083>084- Crawford - Dubois - Floyd - Harrison - Orange - Washington 090>091 15 2300EST 16 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

Low pressure moved across the Tennessee Valley on Thursday the 16th of December. Ahead of this system, strong warm air advection ahead of an inverted trough spread light snow late Wednesday across southern Indiana. Shortly after midnight, snow quickly changed over to sleet and then freezing rain southwest of a line from Scottsburg to eastern Clark County. Snow accumulations of around one half inch or less were widespread before precipitation changed to freezing rain. Ice accumulations ranged from one quarter to one third of an inch through dawn on Thursday. across much of southern Indiana. Farther northeast however, snow accumulated from 3 to 5 inches across Jefferson, Scott, and northern Clark Counties.

INZ092 Clark 20 2130EST 2132EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

A light snow and sleet mix fell during the day across southern Indiana. Slick roads later that evening contributed to a fatal automobile accident on Indiana State Highway 62 near Stacy Springs Court.

INDIANA, Southeast

INZ050-058-066- Dearborn - Fayette - Franklin - Ohio - Ripley - Wayne 073>075 12 0800EST 13 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow developed across the region during the morning hours of Sunday, December 12th as a strong low pressure system moved through the Great Lakes. The snow continued into Sunday night before tapering off during the morning hours of Monday, December 13th. Much of southeast and east central Indiana saw 4 inches of accumulation. Higher snowfall amounts of up to 6 inches fell west of Cincinnati along the I-74 corridor. Additionally, westerly winds of 10-20 mph with higher gusts caused blowing and drifting of the snow.

INZ066-073>075- Dearborn - Franklin - Ohio - Ripley - Switzerland 080 16 0000EST 1300EST 0 0 Winter Storm

INZ050-058-059 Fayette - Union - Wayne 16 0000EST 1500EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure tracked from the southern plains eastward through the Tennessee Valley on Thursday, December 16th. A significant amount of moist air was pulled into the Ohio Valley ahead of this surface low, diminishing significantly as it went further north past the Ohio River.

68 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Southwest INZ081-085>088 Gibson - Pike - Posey - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 01 0000CST 24 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions lingered across southwest Indiana early in the month. The drought ended later in December. For the year 2010, most locations ended the year with precipitation deficits of 10 to 13 inches. At Evansville, the 2010 precipitation total ranked as the 13th driest year on record. Records date back to 1896. The long-term moisture deficits were reflected in below normal streamflows on some waterways. Agricultural impacts were minimal since the growing season ended in the fall.

12 0800CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

INZ082-085>088 Pike - Posey - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 12 0800CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first blast of winter weather followed a strong cold front that swept rapidly east across the Mississippi and Lower Ohio Valleys. Behind the front, widespread snow showers and very windy conditions produced difficult travel conditions. Northwest winds ranged from 20 to 30 mph with higher gusts. Peak wind gusts were as high as 41 mph at Evansville. Snow accumulated from one to three inches across southwest Indiana. The lowest amounts were around an inch from Boonville north and east. Amounts of two to three inches covered the remainder of southwest Indiana, including Evansville and Princeton. The snow came down rather heavily at times during the afternoon, reducing visibility to around one-half mile for a couple hours. The Evansville Police Department reported a record-setting 50 accidents on the day of the storm. There were eleven people injured in those accidents. The Vanderburgh County sheriff office reported an additional 88 calls, of which roughly half were on Interstate 164. A vehicle slid into a police cruiser that was stopped at the scene of an accident. Numerous accidents on U.S. 41 in Gibson County resulted in some injuries and the closing of the highway near Fort Branch. Strong winds caused blowing and drifting that produced slippery spots well after the snow ended. Blowing snow reduced visibility sharply in open farm country, even after the snow ended.

INZ081-086>088 Gibson - Pike - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 15 2200CST 16 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

INZ085 Posey 15 2200CST 16 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system tracked eastward across western Tennessee. A warm front lifted northward ahead of this system, causing freezing rain. Around one-quarter inch of glaze formed on most surfaces, including trees and power lines. A few small branches were broken, but the main impact was on travel. Roads became hazardous due to ice and slush. There was slightly less precipitation west of the Evansville area, where one-tenth to one-quarter inch of glaze formed in Posey County.

INZ081-085>088 Gibson - Pike - Posey - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 24 1300CST 25 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weak low pressure system moved eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Eve, reaching the Southeast states during the overnight hours. At the same time, a rather strong upper level disturbance moved southeast across the central Plains. This combination of systems resulted in widespread snowfall across southwest Indiana. Average snowfall amounts were right around three inches. Specific snowfall reports included 3 inches at Evansville, Newburgh, and Fort Branch, and 2.5 inches at Petersburg and Boonville. Much of the snow fell in a three-hour window, when visibility dropped to one-half mile and accumulations neared an inch per hour. Roads became slick and hazardous, causing an increase in accidents. A couple of accidents resulted in injuries.

69 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Central

IAZ004>007-015> Adair - Adams - Audubon - Black Hawk - Boone - Bremer - Butler - Calhoun - Carroll - Cass - Cerro 017-023>028-033> Gordo - Crawford - Dallas - Emmet - Franklin - Greene - Grundy - Guthrie - Hamilton - Hancock - 039-044>050-057> Hardin - Humboldt - Jasper - Kossuth - Madison - Mahaska - Marion - Marshall - Palo Alto - Pocahontas 062-070>075-081> - Polk - Poweshiek - Ringgold - Sac - Story - Tama - Taylor - Union - Warren - Webster - Winnebago - 082-092>093 Worth - Wright 11 0900CST 12 0600CST 0 0 3.3M 0.00K Blizzard

The seasons first widespread major storm struck the state on the 11th, and continued into the early morning hours of the 12th. A strong upper level system intensified over the central U.S. from the 10th into the 11th. Surface low pressure developed to the west of Iowa, and moved east into northwest Iowa by the early morning of the 11th. The low continued across the north half of Iowa on the 11th, reaching Lower Michigan by mid day on the 12th. Initially, the storm was quite moisture starved. As it intensified, the dynamics of the storm strengthened the inflow, feeding the storm system. The presentation on satellite imagery was classic by the morning of the 11th with a clear dry slot and deformation zone present. The dry slot punched into southwest and central Iowa with a line of showers and isolated thunderstorms firing up on the leading edge of the dry slot. Cold air rushed in on the back side of the storm. The deformation zone curled around the back side of the low and produced moderate to occasionally heavy snow. Temperatures plummeted as strong northwest winds swept across the state. Blizzard conditions developed as winds increased to sustained winds of 30 to 45 MPH, with gusts to near 70 MPH at times. Some of the higher gusts included a 71 MPH gust in Audubon, 65 MPH gust at Farnhamville and on the mile long bridge across Saylorville Reservoir, 64 MPH at Adair and Boone, 63 MPH at Carroll, 61 MPH at Creston, 60 MPH at Algona, and 59 MPH at Ankeny and Windsor Heights. The winds caused whiteout conditions over western Iowa by the mid afternoon hours. Boone County declared a Civil Emergency as travel became impossible in the county. Nearly all roads were closed in the northwest quarter of the state, with travel not recommended over nearly all of the Des Moines CWA. Interstate 80 was closed for several hours from the Nebraska border to just west of Des Moines. Many of the counties across the northwest half of Iowa had to remove snowplows from the highways as it was to dangerous to continue until the high winds subsided. There were scattered power outages with the storm, but numbers were on the order of a few thousand customers during the peak. There was some freezing rain at the onset of the storm, fortunately the amounts were limited to a few hundredths of an inch at most so damage was limited. Much of the state did not have snow on the ground at the beginning of the storm. This limited the amount of blowing to some extent. Measurement of the snow was difficult. Most amounts were in the 4 to 6 inch range over the northern third and western third of the state, with 1 to 4 inch amounts common elsewhere. A narrow area of far northern Iowa reported 6 to 9 inches of snow for the 24 hour period. There was a wide variance of measurements however. As an example, a total of 4.4 inches was reported at the Des Moines airport, while an observer just 6 miles to the northwest only reported 0.6 inches. Temperatures plummeted as well. Readings that were in the 30s to mid 40s F in the early morning of the 11th, fell to the single digits and teens by the night of the 11th and early morning of the 12th. Wind chill temperatures fell to -10 to -30 F across the area as well.

IAZ006-016>017- Black Hawk - Bremer - Butler - Cerro Gordo - Franklin - Grundy - Hancock - Tama - Winnebago - Worth 026>028-038>039- 050 23 2030CST 24 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

70 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Central

A low pressure system moved across the southern U.S. during the overnight hours of the 23rd into the 24th. A strong inverted trough of low pressure traversed Iowa during this time. At the same time, an upper level system dropped southeast out of Canada into the central U.S. Snow developed during the evening hours of the 23rd. A band of heavier snow set up over north central into northeast Iowa. Though the snow did not come down at an extremely rapid rate, the snow fell for an extended period of time. A band of 7 to 11 inches of snow fell from Winnebago County, southeast into Black Hawk County. Some of the heavier snowfall totals included 11 inches in Clear Lake and 9.5 inches in Mason City, both in Cerro Gordo County. In Black Hawk County, 10.5 inches fell in Waterloo. Ten inches of snow fell in Winnebago County at Lake Mills and in Hancock County at Garner. Nine inches fell in Bremer County at Readlyn, with 8 inches falling in Butler County southeast of Dumont. The snow caused some travel problems with several accidents reported. A few roads were closed from time to time. Highway 65 east of Interstate 35 was closed for a while during the afternoon. Interstate 80 was closed for a couple hours in the Newton area due to accidents. Accidents also caused the closure of U.S. Highway 18 east of Emmetsburg. South and west of the heavy snow band, the rest of the DMX CWA received anywhere from 2 to 7 inches of snow.

IOWA, East Central and Southeast

IAZ065 Cedar 03 1400CST 04 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ040-052-067 Buchanan - Linn - Muscatine 03 1400CST 04 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ053 Jones 03 1405CST 04 1335CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ068 Scott 03 1420CST 04 1440CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ041-054-066 Clinton - Delaware - Dubuque - Jackson 03 1500CST 04 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The first winter storm of the season arrived on December 3-4, 2010. Low pressure was located in Nebraska with a warm front lifting out of the Plains. Temperatures ranged from the 20s in eastern Iowa to the 60s in the southern and central Plains. A 40 knot low level jet was pointed into the region with strong warm air advection producing bands of heavy snow. Snowfall amounts of at least 6 inches were noted in portions of eastern Iowa and northwest Illinois. As much as 9.4 inches of snow was measured at Thomson, Illinois in Carroll County, and 9.2 inches near Elizabeth, Illinois in Jo Daviess County. Nine inches of snow was reported near Princeton, Illinois and near Dubuque, Iowa. There were numerous accidents and cars in the ditches due to the snowfall.

IAZ040-051-063 Benton - Buchanan - Iowa 11 1800CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

IAZ052-053 Jones - Linn 11 1905CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ087 Jefferson 11 2100CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

71 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, East Central and Southeast IAZ041 Delaware 11 2100CST 12 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ065 Cedar 11 2100CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ076 Keokuk 11 2130CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

IAZ054-064-066> Clinton - Henry - Jackson - Johnson - Lee - Louisa - Muscatine - Scott - Van Buren - Washington 068-077>078-088- 098>099 11 2155CST 12 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ042-089 Des Moines - Dubuque 12 0015CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A blizzard struck portions of eastern Iowa and western Illinois on December 11-12, 2010. A strong upper level disturbance and powerful jet stream began diving out of the northern Rockies. Low pressure then formed across the northern Plains and tracked into western Iowa. This cyclone then intensified considerably as it pushed into northern Illinois. Even though snowfall was generally only in the 1 to 4 inch range, strong winds gusting to 40 to 50 mph generated blizzard conditions in some locations. The worst blizzard conditions were observed west of Interstate 380/Highway 218 in eastern Iowa, and also in portions of western Illinois. Roads were impassable and drifts several feet high which stranded some motorists. The strong winds also toppled a tree onto a house in Marion, Iowa and flipped a metal shed off its cement foundation in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

IAZ040>042-051> Benton - Buchanan - Cedar - Clinton - Delaware - Dubuque - Jackson - Johnson - Jones - Linn - Louisa - 054-064>068-077> Muscatine - Scott - Washington 078 15 1805CST 16 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A warm front from South Dakota to western Missouri moved east on December 15-16, 2010 producing several inches of snow across eastern Iowa and western Illinois. A strong baroclinic zone associated with the front produced strong warm air advection which led to several bands of heavier snow. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches were common with the highest amount of 6 inches reported at Muscatine, Iowa. The National Weather Service Forecast Office at the Davenport Municipal Airport measured 5.9 inches of snow.

IAZ040>042-052> Buchanan - Cedar - Clinton - Delaware - Dubuque - Jackson - Jones - Linn - Scott 054-065>066-068 20 0720CST 21 1755CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure in South Dakota with a warm front extending to western Missouri generated warm air advection snow across northeast Iowa and northwest Illinois on December 20-21, 2010. Snowfall amounts of 2 to 5 inches were noted at many locations, with the highest amount of 6.2 inches near Winslow, Illinois in Stephenson county.

IAZ040-051-053- Benton - Buchanan - Cedar - Delaware - Iowa - Johnson - Jones - Muscatine - Scott 063>065-067>068 23 0845CST 25 2345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ078 Louisa 23 2145CST 24 2350CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

72 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, East Central and Southeast IAZ042-052-054 Dubuque - Jackson - Linn 23 2205CST 25 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ077-088 Henry - Washington 23 2300CST 25 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ066 Clinton 23 2330CST 25 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ076-087-089- Des Moines - Jefferson - Keokuk - Lee - Van Buren 098-099 24 0400CST 25 2345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A timely snowstorm brought picture perfect conditions to much of the Midwest for Christmas Eve into Christmas Day. A strong warm front was located from western Iowa to western Kentucky with strong warm air advection producing several bands of moderate to heavy snowfall. Accumulations were at least 5 inches in many locations, but ranged from a foot of snow in portions of northeast Iowa to about 3 to 4 inches in extreme northeast Missouri. The most measured was 12 inches at Coggon, Iowa in Linn county. Other amounts included 11 inches near Marion, Iowa in Linn county, 10.2 inches at Quasqueton, Iowa in Buchanan county, and 9.4 inches at Lowden, Iowa in Cedar county. Even in northwest Illinois amounts were impressive with 9.6 inches measured by a spotter near Coal Valley in Henry county.

IOWA, Northeast

IAZ010-029>030 Allamakee - Clayton - Fayette - Winneshiek 03 1300CST 04 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved across the Central Plains states in the early afternoon hours of December 3rd through the morning hours of December 4th. Light snow began in the early afternoon hours of December 3rd and increased in intensity during the late afternoon hours. The snow produced a swath of six to eight inches of accumulation across parts of northeast Iowa. Volunteer cooperative observers reported snowfall amounts of 8.2 inches four miles southeast of Lansing (Allamakee County) and eight miles east northeast of Decorah (Winnesshiek County), 8 inches at Elkader (Clayton County) and 7.4 inches at Fayette (Fayette County).

IAZ008>010-018> Chickasaw - Fayette - Floyd - Howard - Mitchell - Winneshiek 019-029 10 2308CST 12 0800CST 0 0 3.5K 0.00K Blizzard

IAZ011-030 Allamakee - Clayton 11 1308CST 12 0800CST 0 0 33.5K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful low pressure system tracked across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region during the evening hours of December 10th into the morning hours of December 12th. This brought heavy snow and blizzard conditions across portions of northeast Iowa. At least one indirect injury occurred in a car accident that was the result of slippery conditions after the storm. Volunteer cooperative observers measured snowfall amounts of 12 inches at Waukon (Allamakee County), 9.5 inches near Cresco (Howard County) and at Decorah (Winneshiek County), 8 inches at St. Ansgar (Mitchell County) and 7 inches at Ionia (Chickasaw County). In addition to the heavy snow, sustained wind speeds of 25 to 30 miles per hour with gusts up to 50 miles per hour caused whiteout conditions, widespread road closures, stranded motorists and power outages.

IAZ008>010-018> Chickasaw - Fayette - Floyd - Howard - Mitchell - Winneshiek 019-029 20 0800CST 21 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

73 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Northeast IAZ011 Allamakee 20 1100CST 21 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ030 Clayton 20 1100CST 21 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow started falling across northeast Iowa during the morning of the 20th and continued into the evening hours before ending. Once the snow ended, it was replaced by freezing drizzle which created a light coating of glaze on the fresh snow and exposed surfaces. The snow resulted in several car accidents, but no injuries were reported from the accidents. Snowfall totals generally ranged from 4 to 5 inches with ice accumulations around an eighth of an inch. The highest reported snow totals were 7 inches at Waukon and 6.9 inches at Postville (Allamakee County).

IAZ008-018-029> Chickasaw - Clayton - Fayette - Floyd - Mitchell 030 23 2000CST 24 0000CST 0 0 39.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Snow starting falling across northeast Iowa during the evening of the 23rd and continued through much of the 24th before ending. Most of the accumulating snow had ended by the early afternoon of the 24th. Snowfall accumulations showed a large range, from 4 inches across Howard and Winneshiek Counties, up to 10 inches for portions of Chickasaw County. The highest reported total was 10.5 inches at North Washington (Chickasaw County). The weight of all the accumulated snow that fell during the month caused the roof of a building to collapse in Oelwein (Fayette County).

IAZ008>011-018> Allamakee - Chickasaw - Clayton - Fayette - Floyd - Howard - Mitchell - Winneshiek 019-029>030 29 0930CST 30 1845CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Fog develop across northeast Iowa and reduced the visibility to less than mile for an extended period starting on the 29th and continuing through much of the 30th. The fog lingered well into the 31st along the Mississippi River. During this period, an extended period of dense fog with visibilities of a quarter mile or less occurred. As an area of low pressure moved across the Midwest, warm air spread over the region and caused the deep snow pack to begin melting which resulted in the formation of the fog.

IOWA, Northwest

IAZ003 Dickinson 03 1000CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow during the daytime hours of December 3rd accumulated around 3 inches in northern Dickinson County of northwest Iowa.

IAZ001>003-012> Buena Vista - Cherokee - Clay - Dickinson - Ida - Lyon - O`Brien - Osceola - Plymouth - Sioux - 014-020>022-031> Woodbury 032 11 0300CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Snowfall ranging from 4 to 9 inches was accompanied by sustained northwest winds which reached 40 mph at times, with gusts as high as 55 mph. The snowfall, strong winds, and existing snow cover resulted in widespread blizzard conditions. Travel was made impossible in much of the area. There were several accidents and vehicles going into ditches, attributed to slick roads and low visibilities. Several motorists were stranded. Businesses were forced to close, and several school and other weekend activities were canceled or postponed.

23 1800CST 24 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ002-003 Dickinson - Osceola 23 1900CST 24 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

74 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Northwest

Light to occasionally moderate snow during the night of December 23rd and the morning of December 24th accumulated 3 to 6 inches in part of northwest Iowa near the northern border of the state.

IOWA, Southwest

IAZ043 Monona 11 1100CST 2000CST 0 0 Blizzard

IAZ080-091 Montgomery - Page 11 1100CST 12 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ055-069-079 Harrison - Mills - Pottawattamie - Shelby 11 1200CST 2100CST 0 0 Blizzard

IAZ043 Monona 11 2300CST 12 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

Blizzard conditions developed over eastern Nebraska and adjacent portions of South Dakota and Iowa on Dec. 11 as an upper level low pressure developed rapidly over eastern Nebraska during the very early morning hours of that day. The upper low then dropped into south central Iowa causing surface low pressure to spin-up over northeast Nebraska and then track southeast across Iowa. Arctic air spilling in behind the system combined with the developing storm to produce the blizzard conditions as northwest winds of 30 to 40 mph with gusts over 50 mph were common over the area along with snowfall of 2 to 5 inches. Higher snow amounts were observed from southeast South Dakota into Minnesota and northern Iowa. However, the 2 to 5 inches of snow across much of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, and the strong winds present, were enough to produce white-out conditions and to close some highways in northeast Nebraska. Heavier snow totals included 5 inches in Neligh and Bloomfield Nebraska and near Little Sioux Iowa, 4 inches at the NWS in Valley and 3 inches in Fremont Nebraska and Harlan Iowa. Temperatures which fell from the single digits to around zero or a little below late on the 11th and into the 12th combined with the strong winds to lower wind chill values to 20 below or a little colder, mainly in northeast Nebraska.

KANSAS, East

KSZ036 Geary 15 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather Light freezing drizzle in northeast Kansas caused numerous accidents across the area. One of those accidents proved fatal, as a vehicle ran off the road at the Manhattan exit of Interstate 70.

KSZ012 Brown 18 1315CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather Light snow falling across Brown county caused a motorist to lose control of her van and collide with a southbound semi truck on US-75 at the intersection of US-75 and HWY 36.

KANSAS, North Central

KSZ005-017 Phillips - Rooks 30 2300CST 31 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KSZ006-018>019 Jewell - Mitchell - Osborne - Smith 31 0000CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

75 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, North Central

After a remarkably snow-free start to winter, the last day of 2010 finally brought the first widespread accumulations of the season to North Central Kansas, as a powerful upper level low pressure system tracked along a path from northeast Colorado to southeast South Dakota. The main event impacted the area during the pre-dawn and daytime hours on Friday, New Year's Eve, with accumulating snow ending in most places by early afternoon. Storm total snowfall across most of North Central Kansas was fairly uniform, with most spots only tallying between 1-3 inches. Due to the fact that the main part of the storm tracked west-northwest of the area, the heaviest snow, strongest winds, and worst visibilities focused across northern and western Nebraska into the Dakotas, where blizzard conditions were reported.

KANSAS, Northwest

KSZ001-015 Cheyenne - Sheridan 10 1954CST 2056CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A cold front pushed southeast across the region during the evening hours. Light showers formed and locally enhanced surface winds, generating a few wind gusts above 60 mph in northeast Colorado and northwest Kansas.

KANSAS, Southeast

KSZ049-052-068- Cowley - Harper - Harvey - Kingman - Marion - Saline - Sedgwick 082-091-093 23 1701CST 24 0358CST 0 0 147.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

Patchy light freezing rain and freezing drizzle during the evening hours on the 23rd produced a thin glaze of ice across central, south-central and portions of southeast Kansas. The glaze of ice produced very slick roads through the early morning hours on the 24th. Several automobile accidents and slide-offs occurred as a result, producing numerous injuries. One fatality occurred in Cowley county. Labette County 3 WSW Altamont 31 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Numerous strong to marginally severe thunderstorms raced east across eastern Kansas during the predawn hours on the 31st, along an advancing strong cold front. Nickel size hail was reported near Altamont in Labette county.

KENTUCKY, Central

KYZ035 Franklin 04 0030EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper air disturbance sliding southeast across Illinois combined with weak low pressure across Kentucky to bring snow across the northern Kentucky Bluegrass. Light snow developed during the early morning hours and continued intermittently through the evening hours on the 4th of December. A band of moderate snow developed shortly after dawn and brought 2 to 5 inches of snow along a thin arc stretching from Trimble County through Clark and Madison Counties.

KYZ047-055-065> Adair - Boyle - Casey - Clinton - Cumberland - Lincoln - Mercer - Russell - Taylor 067-077>078-081> 082 12 1300EST 13 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A deepening low pressure center moved over southern Michigan on the afternoon of December 12th. A sharp cold front crossed from west to east across central Kentucky during the early morning hours. Rain changed to snow for a short time just after frontal passage across north central Kentucky east of Interstate 65 and over the Bluegrass Region. Around one half an inch fell before snow changed to flurries after dawn. Snow redeveloped by mid afternoon across south central Kentucky as wrap around moisture associated with the back edge of the cyclone arrived. Occasional light snow spread north and east across all of central Kentucky by late afternoon. Snowfall totals ranged from 3 to just over 4 inches near Bowling Green and other portions of Kentucky adjacent to Tennessee. Two to 4 inches fell to the south of the Ohio River and across the northern Bluegrass. Although snow diminished to flurries just after midnight on the 13th across most areas, light snow lingered through dawn across portions of the southern Bluegrass and Lake Cumberland areas. These areas received from 4 to 6 inches of snow. An arctic front arrived by late evening on the 12th. This brought widespread blowing snow and travel problems as northwest winds increased to 20 to 25 mph with some gusts up to 40 mph.

76 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Central KYZ025-028-038> Anderson - Bullitt - Hardin - Jessamine - Madison - Meade - Mercer - Nelson - Spencer - Woodford 040-045-047>048- 057 15 2300EST 16 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

KYZ037-042-043 Bourbon - Harrison - Nicholas 16 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ030-034-046- Boyle - Garrard - Jefferson - Lincoln - Oldham - Shelby - Washington 055>056-067 16 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

KYZ032-035>036- Clark - Franklin - Henry - Scott - Trimble 049 16 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A storm system moved across Tennessee on Thursday. Moisture moving north ahead of a surface trough spread a mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain across all of central Kentucky during the late evening hours on December 15th. Across south central Kentucky, freezing rain changed to all rain with only light icing. Farther north, generally northeast of a line from Meade to Casey Counties, light sleet turned into freezing rain. Ice accumulated from around one quarter of an inch to one third of an inch before ending around dawn on the 16th. Snow fell across the northern Bluegrass Region northeast of a line from Trimble to Clark Counties. Snow accumulations ranged from 2 to 5 inches across this area before changing to sleet and freezing rain during the pre-dawn hours.

KYZ053-061-063- Barren - Butler - Clinton - Hart - Larue - Metcalfe - Warren 071-074-076-082 24 1800EST 25 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper air trough dropping southward from the Great Lakes combined with a weak surface low across lower Mississippi Valley to spread an area of light to moderate snow across much of the Lower Ohio Valley. Snow began by late afternoon on Christmas Eve and continued into the very early morning hours the 25th. Widespread snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches developed over much of western and south central Kentucky, with lesser amounts of up to 2 inches across southern Indiana and the Bluegrass Region. Four to 5 inches of snow fell across a small area between Butler and Clinton Counties near the Tennessee border.

KENTUCKY, Eastern

KYZ110 Floyd 03 0600EST 0730EST 0 3 50.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

Black ice on bridges and access roads leading into Prestonsburg was the cause of 20 car accidents during the morning of Friday, December 3rd. Five of the accidents resulted in the injuries of 3 people. The most serious accident occurred on the Bert T. Combs bridge coming into Prestonsburg. The bridges and access ramps had to be shut down until the ice was cleared from them later in the morning.

KYZ112 Breathitt 05 2200EST 07 0700EST 0 0 Winter Weather

After the clipper system on the 5th, an upslope event ensued that added some more snowfall on top of what fell on the 5th. Therefore another winter weather advisory needed to be issued.

KYZ080-115 Laurel - Perry 12 0400EST 13 0130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

77 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern KYZ059-111 Lee - Powell 12 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 13 12 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 13 12 0700EST 13 0614EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ112 Breathitt 12 0800EST 13 1255EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

12 0830EST 13 0554EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

12 0830EST 13 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

12 0830EST 13 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

12 0830EST 13 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ115-117 Leslie - Perry 12 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 13

KYZ068-079-083- Bell - Pulaski - Rockcastle - Wayne 087 12 1000EST 2124EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ113 Knott 12 1600EST 13 1856EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ117 Leslie 12 1800EST 13 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KYZ051-080-085- Bath - Laurel - Morgan - Whitley - Wolfe 106-108 12 1800EST 13 0650EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ115 Perry 12 1830EST 13 0641EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KYZ107 Johnson 12 1830EST 13 0630EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

78 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern KYZ084-111 Lee - McCreary 12 1845EST 13 0824EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ079 Pulaski 12 1924EST 13 0845EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first significant snow storm of the 2010-11 winter season dumped between 2 and 12 inches of snow on eastern Kentucky on December 12th and 13th. The highest snowfall totals occurred in Bell, Lee, and Leslie, and McCreary counties where 10-12 inches were reported. There were several culprits for this snow event, as areas of low pressure moving across the lower Great Lakes and up the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains combined forces over the Ohio and Tennessee valleys. The highest snowfall totals occurred along the Kentucky River basin as an intense band of moderate to heavy snowfall remained in place there during the overnight hours.

KYZ110-112 Breathitt - Floyd 12 2000EST 13 0600EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

On Saturday December the 11th, a strong low pressure system pushed through eastern Kentucky. A sharp transition after frontal and a prolonged up slope event took place after frontal passage. The amount of moisture wrapped around the low and the strong northwest flow prompted an issuance of winter storm warnings in the the eastern mountain counties where 6 to 12 inches were expected in the mountains and 4 to 6 were expected in the lower elevations. A winter weather advisory was issued for the other counties with 3 to 6 inches expected. The event began around 7 pm Sunday and the heavier snow began around 11 pm Sunday and lasted till about 8 am Monday morning. The event ended by 9 pm Monday evening.

KYZ120 Pike 12 2000EST 13 0709EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KYZ106-110 Floyd - Morgan 12 2000EST 13 0840EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ058-084-087> Bell - Estill - Harlan - Knott - Lee - Leslie - McCreary - Perry - Powell 088-111-113-115- 117 12 2044EST 13 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ106-110-120 Floyd - Morgan - Pike 12 2100EST 13 0005EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ115 Perry 12 2115EST 13 0915EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KYZ079-087-108- Bell - Breathitt - Harlan - Lee - Leslie - Letcher - Perry - Pulaski - Wolfe 111>112-115-117> 118 12 2144EST 13 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ112 Breathitt 12 2200EST 13 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

79 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern KYZ088-118 Harlan - Letcher 12 2300EST 13 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ110 Floyd 12 2300EST 13 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KYZ058-119 Estill - Martin 13 0000EST 1105EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ110-112 Breathitt - Floyd 13 0000EST 0113EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first significant snow storm of the 2010-11 winter season dumped between 2 and 12 inches of snow on eastern Kentucky on December 12th and 13th. The highest snowfall totals occurred in Bell, Lee, and Leslie, and McCreary counties where 10-12 inches were reported. There were several culprits for this snow event, as areas of low pressure moving across the lower Great Lakes and up the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains combined forces over the Ohio and Tennessee valleys. The highest snowfall totals occurred along the Kentucky River basin as an intense band of moderate to heavy snowfall remained in place there during the overnight hours.

KYZ044-052-059- Elliott - Fleming - Johnson - Martin - Menifee - Powell - Rowan - Wolfe 104-107>108-119 15 2100EST 16 1500EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

KYZ059-068-085> Bell - Harlan - Knox - Perry - Powell - Rockcastle - Whitley 088-115 15 2100EST 16 1400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

15 2100EST 16 1400EST 0 0 Sleet

KYZ050-058-069- Bath - Estill - Floyd - Jackson - Laurel - Lee - Leslie - Letcher - Magoffin - McCreary - Montgomery - 079>080-083>084- Morgan - Owsley - Perry - Pike - Pulaski - Wayne 106-109>111-114> 115-117>118-120 15 2100EST 16 1530EST 0 0 Winter Storm

KYZ080-088-107- Harlan - Johnson - Laurel - Leslie - Pike 117-120 15 2100EST 16 1530EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

15 2130EST 16 1300EST 0 0 Ice Storm

KYZ051 Bath 15 2200EST 16 1500EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

KYZ113 Knott 15 2200EST 16 1500EST 0 0 Winter Storm

80 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern KYZ044-050-052- Breathitt - Clay - Elliott - Fleming - Floyd - Johnson - Knott - Letcher - Magoffin - Martin - Montgomery - 079-085-104-106> Morgan - Perry - Pike - Pulaski - Rowan - Whitley - Wolfe 110-112>113-115> 116-118>120 15 2200EST 16 1530EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ112 Breathitt 15 2230EST 16 1400EST 0 0 Ice Storm

KYZ110 Floyd 15 2300EST 16 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

16 0000EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ104-110-112 Breathitt - Elliott - Floyd 16 0000EST 2325EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ084 McCreary 17 0000EST 1215EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

On December 16th, a low pressure system developed in the plains and then tracked east across the Tennessee Valley. The warm front moved just south of the forecast area. Wintry precipitation fell as freezing rain from the Tennessee border and north up to the Mountain Parkway. The northern counties such as Fleming, Bath, and Rowan received all snow from the event. South of the Mountain Parkway, heavy ice accumulations of 1/4 to 1/2 of an inch were common. This resulted in many homes being without power for an extended period of time. Perry county had more than 2000 residents without power. Breathitt county had 200 customers without power. Leslie county had nearly 4000 customers without power. The northern counties reported 4 to 6 inches of snow from the storm. The surface still had a persistent cold layer and freezing drizzle continued into the 17th. This prompted the issuance of a new winter weather advisory.

KYZ059-112 Breathitt - Powell 20 2100EST 21 0600EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On December 21st, warm air advection ahead of a low pressure system in Plains created light but troublesome freezing precipitation over the Tennessee valley and into eastern Kentucky. The event resulted in continued freezing drizzle and snow resulting in a thin glaze of ice.

KYZ080-084-106- Laurel - Leslie - Letcher - McCreary - Morgan - Perry - Pike 115-117-120 24 1600EST 27 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ088 Harlan 24 2200EST 26 1210EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ059-079-085- Bell - Clay - Floyd - Harlan - Laurel - Leslie - Letcher - Morgan - Owsley - Perry - Pike - Powell - Pulaski - 087>088-106-110- Whitley 114>118-120 24 2200EST 25 1055EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

81 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern KYZ079-087-110- Bell - Breathitt - Floyd - Harlan - Knott - Letcher - Perry - Pike - Pulaski 112>113-115-118- 120 25 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ079-112-115- Breathitt - Perry - Pike - Pulaski 120 26 0000EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ110 Floyd 27 0000EST 1430EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

On December 24th, Christmas Eve, a low pressure system traversed along the Gulf Of Mexico. Moisture streamed up into the area but the Jackson CWA was spared the heavier snowfall as that occurred further east. The event was worthy of Winter Weather Advisories with a Winter Storm Warning issued for the higher elevations in Harlan and Letcher counties. A powerful east coast low pressure developed and traveled up the east coast. The fully developed low pressure system brought northerly flow into eastern Kentucky and created an extended upslope event. The event prompted the continuance of the advisories and winter storm warnings into December 27th till noon.

KENTUCKY, Northeast

KYZ101>103-105 Boyd - Carter - Greenup - Lawrence 16 0300EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong warm air advection pattern developed as a weak surface low pressure tracked east from Arkansas to southwest Virginia. Four to 6 inches of snow accumulated in northeast Kentucky.

KENTUCKY, Northern

KYZ090>092-099 Boone - Gallatin - Kenton - Mason 12 0800EST 13 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow developed across the region during the morning hours of Sunday, December 12th as a strong low pressure system moved through the Great Lakes. The snow continued into Sunday night before tapering off during the morning hours of Monday, December 13th. Much of northern Kentucky received 2 to 4 inches of snow, with slightly lower amounts found further to the east in Lewis county. Additionally, westerly winds of 10-20 mph with higher gusts caused blowing and drifting of the snow.

KYZ089>100 Boone - Bracken - Campbell - Carroll - Gallatin - Grant - Kenton - Lewis - Mason - Owen - Pendleton - Robertson 16 0000EST 1500EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Low pressure tracked from the southern plains eastward through the Tennessee Valley on Thursday, December 16th. A significant amount of moist air was pulled into the Ohio Valley ahead of this surface low, diminishing significantly as it went further north past the Ohio River.

KENTUCKY, Southwest

KYZ001>022 Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Christian - Crittenden - Daviess - Fulton - Graves - Henderson - Hickman - Hopkins - Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McCracken - McLean - Muhlenberg - Todd - Trigg - Union - Webster 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

82 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Southwest

Severe drought lingered across parts of western Kentucky. This drought began during the summer, and a cold and dry December resulted in little improvement. Drought conditions at the end of the month ranged from moderate across the Ohio River counties to severe along the Tennessee border. Subsoil moisture remained low. For the year 2010, most locations ended the year with precipitation deficits of 10 to 13 inches. 2010 was the fourth driest year on record at Paducah, where official records go back to 1949. At Paducah, 2.22 inches of precipitation fell in December. This was 2.16 inches below normal. The long-term moisture deficits were reflected in below normal streamflows on some waterways. Agricultural impacts were minimal since the growing season ended in the fall.

KYZ003>022 Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Christian - Crittenden - Daviess - Graves - Henderson - Hopkins - Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McCracken - McLean - Muhlenberg - Todd - Trigg - Union - Webster

12 0600CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first blast of winter weather followed a strong cold front that swept rapidly east across the Mississippi and Lower Ohio Valleys. Behind the front, widespread snow showers and very windy conditions produced difficult travel conditions. Northwest winds ranged from 20 to 30 mph with higher gusts. Snow accumulated from one to three inches across western Kentucky. The lowest amounts were an inch or less near the Mississippi River, including the cities of Bardwell and Hickman. Widespread amounts from 2 to 3 inches covered the remainder of western Kentucky. The snow came down rather heavily at times for a couple hours, reducing visibility to around one-half mile. Numerous accidents were reported around the region, including an overturned vehicle on the Interstate 24 bridge over the Tennessee River. Strong winds caused blowing and drifting that produced slippery spots well after the snow ended.

KYZ001>017-021> Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Christian - Crittenden - Fulton - Graves - Hickman - Hopkins - 022 Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McCracken - Muhlenberg - Todd - Trigg - Union - Webster

15 1900CST 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ018>020 Daviess - Henderson - McLean 15 2200CST 16 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

A low pressure system tracked eastward across western Tennessee. A warm front lifted northward ahead of this system, causing freezing rain. In the Henderson and Owensboro areas, around one-quarter inch of glaze formed on most surfaces, including trees and power lines. The main impact was on travel. Roads became hazardous due to ice and slush. There was slightly less precipitation south and west of the Henderson and Owensboro areas, where less than one-quarter inch of glaze formed. The duration and impact of the ice diminished toward the south. Along and south of a Paducah to Madisonville line, the freezing rain resulted in just a few minor accidents.

KYZ001>022 Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Christian - Crittenden - Daviess - Fulton - Graves - Henderson - Hickman - Hopkins - Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McCracken - McLean - Muhlenberg - Todd - Trigg - Union - Webster 24 1600CST 25 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weak low pressure system moved eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Eve, reaching the Southeast states during the overnight hours. At the same time, a rather strong upper level disturbance moved southeast across the central Plains. This combination of systems resulted in widespread snowfall across western Kentucky. Average snowfall amounts were two to three inches. There was a swath of 4 to 5 inches that extended from west to east across the Kentucky Lake and Pennyrile regions. The swath extended from eastern Carlisle County and northern Graves County, eastward across the Benton and Eddyville areas, to around Princeton and Greenville. Specific snowfall reports included 5 inches in Greenville, 4 inches at Dawson Springs and Calvert City, 3.5 inches at Hopkinsville and Paducah, and 3 inches at Morganfield. Much of the snow fell in a three-hour window, when visibility dropped to one-half mile and accumulations neared an inch per hour. Roads became slick and hazardous, causing vehicles to run off the road. Numerous accidents were reported. Accidents with injuries occurred in Henderson County, including one on the Audubon Parkway. In Christian County, one person was injured in an accident. Several vehicles became stuck on hills in Muhlenberg County.

83 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northeast Catahoula Parish 1 ENE Manifest 31 1501CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Catahoula Parish 1 ENE Manifest 31 1502CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were reported blown down on Highway 126 near Aimwell and Manifest.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Tensas Parish 2 SSW Somerset 31 1520CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Storm Chasers encountered RFD winds estimated at 60 to 65 mph north of Newelton along US Highway 65.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Tensas Parish 2 SE Barcelona 31 1538CST 2 E St Joseph 1552CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A swath of quarter sized hail fell from Waterproof to St. Joseph.

A large and powerful storm system, along with a strong cold front, impacted northeast Louisiana during the afternoon and evening hours of December 31. This system brought some severe storms which produced some quarter sized hail and a few instances of thunderstorm wind damage.

LOUISIANA, Northwest

LAZ001>006-010> Bienville - Bossier - Caddo - Caldwell - Claiborne - De Soto - Grant - Jackson - La Salle - Lincoln - 014-017>022 Natchitoches - Ouachita - Red River - Sabine - Union - Webster - Winn 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Even though widespread rainfall from two to eight inches fell across portions of Northern Louisiana during the month of November, much of the northern half of the state experienced extreme drought conditions once again during the month of December with high rainfall deficits. The entire northern half of the state was experiencing D3 Extreme Drought conditions by the end of the month of December. Once again, many parishes saw burn bans throughout the month as the fire danger was very high across the region. As a result, all of northern Louisiana was declared a natural disaster area for crop losses from continuing drought conditions that began back in March. The following are a few selected cities across North Louisiana with their monthly rainfall totals and departures from normal, as well as yearly rainfall totals through the end of November and the departures from normal. Shreveport monthly rainfall was 0.41. The departure from normal was -4.14. The yearly rainfall through December was 30.73. The yearly departure from normal through December was -20.57. Monroe monthly rainfall was 1.46. The departure from normal was -3.77. The yearly rainfall through December was 44.21. The yearly departure from normal through December was -9.13.

Grant Parish 1 W Pollock 31 1415CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Hail was reported 2 miles west of Pollock, Louisiana on Hwy. 8.

La Salle Parish 3 SSE Rogers 31 1435CST 1436CST 0.38 50 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

An EF0 tornado touched down just to the west of Catahoula Lake in southern La Salle Parish or just northwest of the confluence of the Little River and Catahoula Lake. This tornado first touched down near Edmonds Lane off of Hwy. 776 and tracked east northeast about one quarter of a mile...crossing Hwy. 776 before lifting. A few trees were snapped at mid trunk along the track. The front porch was removed from a trailer house which damaged a portion of the roof and tin sheets were removed from a barn nearby.

84 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northwest Natchitoches Parish Provencal 31 1822CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Marble to golf ball sized hail was reported in Provencal, Louisiana.

Caldwell Parish 3 WNW Columbia Hgts 31 1913CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

Ping pong ball sized hail was reported 4 miles west of Columbia along Hwy. 4.

A vigorous upper level storm system across the central plains provided enough lift across the Lower Mississippi Valley for strong to severe thunderstorms across portions of northern Louisiana during the late afternoon and evening hours of December 31st. A very unstable airmass preceded a cold front which moved into northwest and north central Louisiana. Very strong shear was in place for the development of supercell thunderstorms which produced a few reports of large hail.

LOUISIANA, Southwest

LAZ027>029-031> Acadia - Allen - Avoyelles - Evangeline - Lafayette - Rapides - St. Landry - Upper St. Martin - Vernon 033-043>045 08 0230CST 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An upper level disturbance moving across the region combined with cold air at the surface to produce a mix of rain, light sleet, and light snow across central Louisiana, and a mix of rain and light sleet in south central Louisiana. No accumulation resulted as temperatures remained above freezing.

Vermilion Parish Forked Is 29 2050CST 2 SW Rose Hill 2100CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

An NWS Storm Survey found a large downburst struck southern Vermilion Parish from Forked Island northeastward through the communities of Theall, Esther, and Mouton Cove. The public reported a wind gust of 75 mph in Forked Island, where a pickup truck was pushed a short distance. Minor damage occurred to roofs and siding of mobile homes in Theall. A home weather station in Mouton Cove measured a wind gust of 80 mph, while the public estimated sustained winds as high as 70 mph in Esther. Several trees and power lines were blown down along the path, including in Theall, Mouton Cove, and on Highway 82 west of Highway 333. Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph. Lafayette Parish 2 W (LFT)Lafayette Rgnl 29 2107CST 0 0 5.00M 0.00K Lightning

KATC-TV, KLFY-TV, and Lafayette Daily Advertiser reported a lightning strike started a fire that completely destroyed the home of professional tennis star Chanda Rubin, which was located in the River Ranch section of Lafayette. Firefighters required nearly 5 hours to extinguish the blaze. No one was injured.

Lafayette Parish 2 ESE Scott 29 2111CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52MG)

KLFY-TV measured a wind gust of 60 mph at their tv station. Note: The measured wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Lafayette Parish 2 W Lafayette 29 2112CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

KATC-TV estimated a wind gust of 60 mph at their tv station.

A strong storm system moving across the region brought numerous showers and thunderstorms to south central Louisiana, with strong to severe thunderstorms affecting the area during the evening hours. Several reports of high winds and wind damage were received. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

85 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, North

MEZ001-003>006- Central Penobscot - Central Piscataquis - Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - 010>011-015>017- Interior Hancock - Northern Penobscot - Northern Piscataquis - Northern Somerset - Northern 029>032 Washington - Northwest Aroostook - Southeast Aroostook - Southern Penobscot - Southern Piscataquis 06 0100EST 2245EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Low pressure retrograding toward New Brunswick from the Atlantic brought heavy snow to much of the region. However...warmer air wrapping around the low allowed the snow to transition to rain across portions of northern and eastern Aroostook county limiting accumulations in that area. The greatest snow totals occurred across the higher terrain of Piscataquis county where storm total snow accumulations ranged from 12 to 24 inches. Storm total snow accumulations across the rest of the region generally ranged from 6 to 12 inches...with localized totals to around 15 inches.

MEZ011-015>017- Central Penobscot - Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - Interior Hancock - 029>030-032 Northern Washington - Southern Penobscot 13 0430EST 1300EST 0 0 High Wind

Piscataquis County 7 WNW Packards 13 1045EST 2 ESE Derby 1315EST 0 0 123.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to the flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. Unpaved and dirt roads received particularly heavy damage due to washouts and collapses. The monetary damage estimate represents a total for the entire county for the entire event.

MEZ029 Coastal Hancock 13 1128EST 0 0 High Wind Piscataquis County 2 ENE Lows Bridge 13 1245EST 2 NE East Dover 14 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow...led to flooding of the Piscataquis River at Dover-Foxcroft. The river crested nearly 2 feet above flood stage during the night of the 13th. The flooding affected mainly low lying areas bordering the river. The river did flood the basements of several buildings along the river.

Washington County 3 SSE Wyman 13 1330EST 5 NW Grand Lake Stream 2115EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 3.00 to 6.00 inches...with local totals to around 8.00 inches...of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to extensive flooding of rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed many roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage.

Penobscot County Millinocket 13 1452EST 10 WNW Augustine Pond Arpt 14 0045EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted around a foot of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. Hancock County 3 SSE Birch Harbor 13 1500EST 5 SW Swans Is 2115EST 0 0 19.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches...with local totals to around 5.00 inches...of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. The monetary damage estimate represents a total for the entire county for the entire event.

86 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, North Penobscot County 1 W Dexter 13 1500EST 1 SSW Simpson Corners 2115EST 0 0 219.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. The monetary damage estimate represents a total for the entire county for the entire event.

Piscataquis County 1 WNW Squaw Brook 13 1619EST 1 S Pingree Center 14 0145EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to the flooding of small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. Unpaved and dirt roads received particularly heavy damage due to washouts and collapses.

Aroostook County 3 NE Jewells Corner 13 1706EST 3 E Orient 14 0045EST 0 0 418.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. An area from Houlton...to Haynesville...to Benedicta...to Island Falls received the most extensive impacts. Two families had to be evacuated in the Island Falls area. The monetary damage estimate represents a total for the entire county for the entire event.

Piscataquis County 18 W Churchill Dam 13 1800EST 14 0045EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Unpaved and dirt roads received particularly heavy damage.

Aroostook County 3 NE Jewells Corner 14 0330EST 3 E Orient 0630EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. An area from Houlton...to Haynesville...to Benedicta...to Island Falls received the most extensive impacts.

Penobscot County Millinocket 14 0330EST 10 WNW Augustine Pond Arpt 0630EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted around a foot of snow led to flooding of many small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. Washington County 3 SSE Wyman 14 0600EST 5 NW Grand Lake Stream 1545EST 0 0 954.00K 0.00K Flood

87 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, North

The combination of 3.00 to 6.00 inches...with local totals to around 8.00 inches...of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to extensive flooding of rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed many roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. Extensive flood related damage was reported across Washington county. At the peak of the event numerous roads across the entire county were closed due to flooding. A vehicle in both Baring and Machias fell into sinkholes where water had undercut the roads...no injuries were reported in either incident. The Milltown Bridge International Border Crossing at Calais had to be closed due to the elevated levels of the St. Croix River which also severely eroded the river bank undercutting the structure. Flood damage was particularly extensive in the area from Machias...to Dennysville to Calais. The Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge reported extensive damage to roads and other infrastructure due to the flooding. Numerous basements were also flooded across the county. The monetary damage estimate represents a total for the entire county for the entire event.

Piscataquis County 1 WNW Squaw Brook 14 0645EST 1 S Pingree Center 1145EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to the flooding of small rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed several roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. Unpaved and dirt roads received particularly heavy damage due to washouts and collapses. Most of the flooding at this time was occurring along the Piscataquis and Pleasant Rivers.

Penobscot County 1 W Mattawamkeag 14 1600EST 19 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow...led to flooding of the Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag. The river crested nearly 2 feet above flood stage during the afternoon of the 16th. The flooding affected mainly low lying areas bordering the river.

Penobscot County 2 N West Enfield 14 1630EST 2 WNW Enfield Sylvan Arpt 15 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 2.00 to 4.00 inches of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow...led to flooding of the Penobscot river at West Enfield. The river crested around a half foot above flood stage during the early morning hours of the 15th. The flooding affected mainly low lying areas bordering the river.

Washington County Forest City 14 2145EST 6 NNE Vanceboro 15 0345EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The combination of 3.00 to 6.00 inches...with local totals to around 8.00 inches...of rain and record warmth which melted 1 to 2 feet of snow led to extensive flooding of rivers and streams across the region. Flooding closed many roads...with some roads remaining closed after the flooding subsided due to damage. The most extensive flooding remaining at this time was along the St. Croix River where the Milltown Bridge International Border Crossing remained closed due to elevated river levels and erosion of the river bank which undercut the building.

Low pressure tracking west of the region drew unseasonably warm moist air north across the region...with record warm temperatures in spots. The warm temperatures rapidly melted the 1 to 2 feet of snow on the ground across central and Downeast portions of the area. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow brought significant flooding to portions of northern and eastern Maine. Event total rainfall from the 14th through the 15th generally ranged from 2.00 to 4.00 inches...with localized totals to around 5.00 inches...across much of northern and eastern Maine. The heaviest rains fell across Washington county where thunderstorms helped increase event total rainfall to 3.00 to 6.00 inches...with localized totals of 8.00 to 9.00 inches. Flooding extensively damaged roads and bridges across the entire region. Numerous roads were closed and impasable during the event due to water of varying depths covering the roads. In the wake of the flooding...many roads remained closed due to damage. Damage ranged from complete washouts and collapses...to severe shoulder erosion...to damaged or destroyed culverts. Strong south to southeast winds occurred in advance of the low during the 13th. Winds were sustained at speeds of 30 to 40 mph...with gusts of 50 to 60 mph. The strongest wind gusts occurred near the coast with the onshore winds. A peak wind gust of 70 mph was reported at Lubec in coastal Washington county. The winds toppled trees and power lines...with the most extensive damage occurring near the coast. Several thousand customers lost power for varying amounts of time during the event...mostly across Downeast areas.

88 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, North MEZ001>006-010> Central Penobscot - Central Piscataquis - Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - 011-015>017-029> Interior Hancock - Northeast Aroostook - Northern Penobscot - Northern Piscataquis - Northern Somerset 032 - Northern Washington - Northwest Aroostook - Southeast Aroostook - Southern Penobscot - Southern Piscataquis

27 0300EST 1830EST 0 0 Blizzard

Intense low pressure crossing the Gulf of Maine brought blizzard conditions to all of northern and eastern Maine. Wind gusts of 40 to 50 mph were common across the entire region...with gusts up to 60 mph in spots. Storm total snow accumulations generally ranged from 6 to 12 inches across much of the region...with localized totals of 15 to 18 inches. The strong winds contributed to power outages across the region.

MAINE, South

MEZ009 Central Somerset 06 0500EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A persistent and quasi-stationary area of low pressure near northern Maine brought upslope snows to the mountains of central Somerset County on the 6th and 7th of the month. Snowfall amounts ranged from about 11 to about 14 inches during the two days, with most of the snow falling during the day on the 6th.

Oxford County 1 WNW Roxbury 13 0056EST 1312EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Swift River (flood stage 7.0 ft) which crested at 10 ft.

A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River Valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on many rivers. Franklin County 10 NNE Jay 13 0100EST 0 0 34.00K 0.00K Flood 10 NNE New Sharon 14 Heavy rain and melting snow caused road washouts throughout Franklin County with damages estimated at $34,000.

A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused streams to overflow their banks and wash out roads.

Cumberland County 1 WNW Cumberland Mills 13 0456EST 1516EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Presumpscot River at Westbrook (flood stage 15.0 ft) which crested at 15.7 ft. A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River Valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on many rivers. Oxford County South Andover 13 0542EST 14 1004EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Ellis River at South Andover (flood stage 16.0 ft) which crested at 18.3 ft. A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused streams to overflow their banks and wash out roads.

89 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, South Oxford County (RUM)Rumford 13 0812EST 14 0801EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Androscoggin River (flood stage 15.0 ft) which crested at 15.6 ft.

Somerset County North Anson 13 1000EST 1547EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Kennebec River at North Anson (flood stage 15.0 ft) which crested at 15.6 ft. Kennebec County 8 NW Pishon Ferry 13 1103EST 15 1535EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Kennebec River at Skowhegan (flood stage 35,000 cfs) which crested at 65,500 cfs. Kennebec County North Sidney 13 1733EST 15 1245EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Kennebec River at North Sidney (flood stage 17.0 ft) which crested at 20.9 ft. Kennebec County 1 W Augusta 13 1745EST 15 2030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Kennebec River at Augusta (flood stage 12.0 ft) which crested at 17.1 ft. Androscoggin County 1 SE Auburn 13 1830EST 15 0822EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Androscoggin River at Auburn (flood stage 13.0 ft) which crested at 14.7 ft. A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River Valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on many rivers. Waldo County Monroe 13 1900EST 1 N Monroe Center 14 0100EST 0 0 9.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused road washouts in Monroe with damages estimated at $9,000.

Waldo County Troy 13 1900EST 1 SE Troy Center 14 0100EST 0 0 19.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused road washouts in Troy with damages estimated at $19,000.

A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused streams to overflow their banks and wash out roads.

Somerset County 1 WNW Mercer 13 2045EST 14 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Sandy River at Mercer (flood stage 12.0 ft) which crested at 12.0 ft.

90 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, South

A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River Valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on many rivers.

MEZ009 Central Somerset 22 1400EST 23 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A trough rotating around a large stationary area of low pressure east of Nova Scotia brought a moderate snowfall to much of central Maine. In the mountains of central Somerset County, the upslope flow enhanced the precipitation and produced from 4 to 10 inches of snow.

MEZ007>009-012> Androscoggin - Central Somerset - Coastal Cumberland - Coastal Waldo - Coastal York - Interior 014-018>028 Cumberland - Interior Waldo - Interior York - Kennebec - Knox - Lincoln - Northern Franklin - Northern Oxford - Sagadahoc - Southern Franklin - Southern Oxford - Southern Somerset 26 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 27

MEZ021 Kennebec 27 1012EST 2126EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A large area of low pressure developed in the Gulf States and intensified as it moved from the coast of the Carolinas on the morning of the 26th, to Cape Cod on the morning of the 27th, and to northeastern Nova Scotia by the morning of the 28th. Heavy snow fell across much of western and central Maine with amounts generally totaling about 6 to 12 inches with locally higher amounts. Rangeley reported 23.5 inches from the storm. In addition to heavy snow, the intense storm brought and blizzard to near blizzard conditions across the state. Blizzard conditions were reported at the airport in Augusta from about 10:15 am to 4:30 pm on the 27th. Central Maine Power reported that about 3200 customers lost electrical service during the storm.

MARYLAND, Central Allegany County 1 E Cumberland 01 0500EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several basements were flooded in Cumberland. A rain gauge nearby recorded 2.39 inches.

A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain and flash flooding in Allegany County. Rainfall amounts of over 2 inches were common, including an amount of 2.76 in Cumberland. Frederick County 1 S Harmony 01 0742EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was down at Harmony Road and Brethren Church Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Frederick County Harmony 01 0743EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was down at Harmony Road and Coxey Broan Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Frederick County 1 SW St Anthony 01 0753EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was down at Kelbaugh Road and Saint Anthony Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Frederick County 1 ENE Hansonville 01 0755EST 0 0 3.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees and power lines were down along Hansonville Road just off Route 15.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

91 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Central Frederick County 2 NW New Market 01 0803EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was down at Yeagertown Road and Boyers Mill Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Charles County 2 SSW Berry 01 0927EST 0929EST 2.31 50 0 0 10.00K Tornado (EF0)

Roof facia was pulled off of a house near Waldorf. A tree branch eight inches in diameter was snapped off. A basketball goal on a stand was knocked over and there was also siding strips ripped off of a house.

Baltimore County 2 ENE Pikesville 01 0935EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree fell onto wires near Greenspring Avenue. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Baltimore City (c) County 1 SW Loudon Park 01 0940EST 0 0 3.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were down near Dorchester Road and Wilkens Avenue. A strong cold front passed through the region early on the first of December. Southerly winds ahead of the front were able to pump in plenty of warm and moist air for this time of year. Strong forcing from the front combined with limited instability to trigger showers and thunderstorms. Strong winds aloft were able to mix down to the surface in some of the stronger thunderstorms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

MDZ501 Extreme Western Allegany 05 0000EST 08 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A trough of low pressure remained over the region from the fifth of December through the 8th. A northwest flow around the trough continued to pump in plenty of cold air. The cold air picked up moisture from the Great Lakes and deposited it in the form of snow for locations along and west of the Allegheny Front.

12 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

MDZ502 Central and Eastern Allegany 12 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure cut up through the great lakes during the early morning hours of the 12th. Warm and moist air overrode the surface cold air in place causing precipitation to occur. There was enough cold air at the surface for pockets of freezing rain across portions of western Maryland.

MDZ003>006-009> Anne Arundel - Calvert - Carroll - Central and Eastern Allegany - Charles - Extreme Western Allegany - 011-013>014-016> Frederick - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore - Prince Georges - Southern Baltimore - St. 018-501>502 Mary`s - Washington 16 1000EST 1800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure passed through the region in a zonal flow causing precipitation to develop on the 16th. There was plenty of cold air in place ahead of this system causing precipitation to fall in the form of snow.

MDZ014-016>018 Anne Arundel - Calvert - Charles - St. Mary`s 25 1700EST 27 0100EST 0 0 Winter Weather

92 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Central

A wave of low pressure brought a period of snow to lower southern Maryland during the afternoon of the 25th into the early morning hours of the 26th. Low pressure rapidly intensified as it moved up the Mid-Atlantic later coast on the 26th. Another band of snow that was associated with this system affected lower southern Maryland into the early morning hours of the 27th.

MDZ502 Central and Eastern Allegany 30 0900EST 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure was centered over the Plains while surface high was located along the Mid-Atlantic Coast. A southerly flow between these two systems caused enough overrunning for a brief period of freezing rain across western Maryland.

MARYLAND, Northeast

MDZ008-012-015- Caroline - Cecil - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 019-020 01 0400EST 1100EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front produced strong south winds across the Eastern Shore during the first half of the day of December 1st. Wind gusts were enhanced around a line of showers and isolated thunderstorms that preceded and accompanied the cold frontal passage during the late morning. Peak wind gusts average around 45 mph and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 48 mph at the Baltimore-Washington International Airport, 47 mph in Stevensville (Queen Anne's County), 44 mph in Salisbury (Wicomico County) and 41 mph at Tolchester Beach (Kent County). The up the Chesapeake Bay southerly flow and then westerly flow during the early afternoon caused minor tidal flooding around high tide during the afternoon of the 1st. The tide reached 3.72 feet above mean lower low water at Tolchester Beach (Kent County). Minor tidal flooding starts at 3.5 feet above mean lower low water.

Cecil County Elkton 01 1110EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A severe thunderstorm caused wind damage in Elkton. The thunderstorm blew over a shed and a fence and also tore down an awning. An approaching cold front combined with strong winds aloft and an unseasonably mild air mass to trigger a line of showers and thunderstorms during the late morning of the 1st across the Maryland Eastern Shore. Isolated severe thunderstorms formed along this line and exacerbated the wind damage that had already occurred because of the strong winds triggered by the pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

MDZ008-012-015- Caroline - Cecil - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 019-020 16 1200EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first widespread measurable but overall light snow event of the winter season came at an unfortunate time during the afternoon of the 16th across the Eastern Shore. Accumulations averaged one to two inches. The recent cold weather made it easy for the snow to stick. Coupled with it coinciding with the school afternoon and start of the evening commutes led to a higher number of accidents across the Eastern Shore. In Cecil County, three students were injured in one of three bus accidents. A bus filled with Bohemia Manor Middle and High School Students was rear ended by a car on Court House Point Road in Chesapeake City. Three students were treated for non- life threatening injuries at Union Hospital. In the other busing accidents, a bus carrying Perryville Middle School students on Perrylawn Drive in Perryville was rear-ended by a Jeep and another bus was rear ended by a car while taking North East High School students home on Tonys Road near Elkton. All after school activities and sports were cancelled in Cecil County. Representative snowfall included 1.8 inches in Easton (Talbot County), 1.2 inches in Denton (Caroline County), 1.0 inch in Queenstown (Queen Anne's County) and Milton (Kent County) and 0.4 inches in Elkton (Cecil County). The light accumulating snow was caused by a rapidly moving low pressure system that went from the Texas Red River valley on the evening of the 15th, to the Tennessee Valley at sunrise on the 16th and off the North Carolina Coast by 7 p.m. EST on the 16th. The rapid movement precluded heavier snow from occurring.

93 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Northeast MDZ019 Talbot 26 0600EST 27 0300EST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MDZ012-020 Caroline - Kent 26 0700EST 27 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MDZ015 Queen Anne`s 26 1000EST 27 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MDZ008 Cecil 26 1200EST 27 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A major winter storm dropped moderate amounts of snow along the Maryland Eastern Shore as the region was near the western edge of the precipitation area. Accumulations averaged 3 to 6 inches with the highest amounts toward the Delaware state line. The storm did claim the life of an elderly woman in Talbot County who went outdoors and died of hypothermia. Intermittent light snow fell overnight on the 25th, but the storm related snow began on the 26th between 6 a.m. EST and 7 a.m. EST in Caroline and Talbot Counties, between 10 a.m. EST and 11 a.m. EST in Kent and Queen Anne's Counties and by 1 p.m. in Cecil County. The snow ended during the early morning on the 27th before sunrise. The winter storm occurring on a Sunday (26th) cut down on the number of traffic accidents. One of the worst reported accidents occurred near Easton (Talbot County) on U.S. Route 322 where a head-on collision resulted in multiple injuries. The winter storm forced Caroline County offices to open two hours later than normal on Monday the 27th. Representative snowfall included 6.4 inches in Greensboro (Cecil County), 6.3 inches in Denton (Cecil County), 5.5 inches in Millington (Kent County), 4.0 inches in Conowingo (Cecil County) and America Corner (Caroline County) and 3.1 inches in Saint Michaels and Easton (Talbot County). The low pressure system responsible for the winter weather entered the United States in southern California on December 22nd. It moved across the southern Rockies and reached the northern Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day. It was still a relatively weak low pressure system, but as it moved across the Gulf of Mexico, it started to strengthen. At 7 p.m. EST on the 25th, the low had deepened to 1004 millibars in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From there, the low made a turn to the northeast while the intensification process increased. At 1 a.m. EST on the 26th, it was a 1001 millibar low, just east of Georgia, at 7 a.m. EST on the 26th a 992 millibar low just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and at 1 p.m. EST on the 26th a 986 millibar low about 100 miles east of Virginia Beach, Virginia. During the next six hours as the upper level support neared, the low's intensification rate peaked and at 7 p.m. EST on the 26th, the surface pressure fell to 972 millibars as it passed about 100 miles east of Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Overnight, the surface low was captured by the upper level low and this slowed its forward progress. The capturing phase occurred too late and the general offshore storm track prevented heavy snow bands from making it into the Eastern Shore. At 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, the 970 millibar surface low was located about 50 miles southeast of Montauk Point, New York and at 7 a.m. EST, the 962 millibar low was located just southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th and from there it slowly weakened as it passed south of Nova Scotia. The surface pressure of this winter storm dropped 31 millibars from 1 a.m. EST on the 26th to 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, well exceeding the meteorological definition of a bombing low pressure system (24 millibar drop in 24 hours).

27 0400EST 1800EST 0 0 1.25K 0.00K Strong Wind

MDZ012-015-019- Caroline - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 020 27 0400EST 1800EST 0 0 4.75K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong winds occurred on the 27th in the wake of the departing winter storm. Peak wind gusts were near 50 mph and knocked down some weak tree limbs and power lines. The largest effect though was the considerable blowing and drifting of the snow the wind caused. This hampered plowing and clean-up operations after the snow ended. The strong winds were caused by the pressure gradient (difference) between the winter storm low pressure system and a strong high pressure building east from the central part of the United States. Winds eased as the low moved farther away from the Middle Atlantic States as the day progressed on the 27th as well as it stopped intensifying after the morning of the 27th. The low pressure system's surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th as it was passing just east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

94 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, South MDZ021>025 Dorchester - Inland Worcester - Maryland Beaches - Somerset - Wicomico

16 1100EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure moving across the Mid Atlantic region and off the coast produced between one and three inches of snow across portions of the Lower Maryland Eastern Shore during Thursday, December 16th.

25 1700EST 27 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MDZ022>025 Inland Worcester - Maryland Beaches - Somerset - Wicomico 25 1700EST 27 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between four and fifteen inches of snow across the Lower Maryland Eastern Shore from Saturday evening, December 25th, into early Monday morning December 27th. Also, the storm produced near blizzard conditions over portions of the area.

MARYLAND, West

MDZ001 Garrett 05 0800EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Deep low pressure sitting over the eastern Great Lakes brought prolonged cold northwest flow across the region producing intense lake effect snow bands into northwest Pennsylvania and the higher ridges of western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. Storm total snowfall ranged from 6 to 10 inches with isolated 12 inch reports across northwest Pennsylvania and extended south into Butler county. Amounts in the ridges of western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland ranged from 12 to 18 inches.

13 0400EST 14 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved east across the upper Ohio Valley bringing mixed precipitation followed by cold northwest flow. Lake effect snow bands produced heavy snow in Mercer county Pennsylvania, as well as the ridges in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. Heavy snow also fell in the ridges of Preston and Tucker counties of West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. Storm totals of 6 to 10 inches of snow fell across portions of pennsylavania, with more than one foot of snow in portions of West Virginia and Garrett county Maryland.

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East Hampden County 2 S Westfield 12 2100EST 2 NNE Hosmer Corner 2230EST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Flood

Great Brook flooded out of its banks flooding Shaker Road and Crescent Circle. Yards and homes in the area were flooded and sandbags were requested by the residents.

MAZ015 Suffolk 12 2120EST 0 1 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

MAZ016 Eastern Norfolk 12 2315EST 13 0015EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Low pressure moving across southern Canada resulted in rain and high winds across Southern New England. Rain was heavy at times producing minor flooding.

MAZ018-021>022- Barnstable - Eastern Plymouth - Nantucket - Southern Plymouth - Western Plymouth 024 20 0500EST 21 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

95 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East MAZ023 Dukes 20 1600EST 21 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An ocean storm brought significant amounts of snow to Plymouth County, the Cape and Islands. A deep layer of moisture over this region aided in producing the highest snowfall Southern New England had seen to date this winter. Average accumulations ran from 2 to 4 inches in southern Bristol County and Boston to 8 to 10 inches in eastern Plymouth County and Cape Cod.

MAZ002-004>008- Eastern Essex - Eastern Hampden - Eastern Norfolk - Eastern Plymouth - Northern Bristol - Northern 011>020-026 Worcester - Northwest Middlesex County - Southeast Middlesex - Southern Bristol - Southern Worcester - Suffolk - Western Essex - Western Franklin - Western Hampshire - Western Middlesex - Western Norfolk - Western Plymouth

26 0600EST 27 1500EST 0 0 600.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strengthening winter storm passed southeast of Nantucket and brought heavy snow and strong winds to Massachusetts, resulting in near blizzard conditions at times. This combination of heavy snow and strong winds also resulted in numerous downed trees, power outages to thousands of Massachusetts residents, and other significant wind damage mainly in eastern Massachusetts. More than 2000 flights were cancelled along the east coast due to the storm and Amtrak service between New York and Boston was suspended during the storm. Despite numerous cancellations Boston's Logan International Airport remained open during the storm. Snowfall totals ranged from as little as 2 to 6 inches on Cape Cod and the Islands to as much as 10 to 20 inches elsewhere. The State House News Service estimated that clean up costs were more than $14 million for the state of Massachusetts.

MAZ022>024 Barnstable - Dukes - Nantucket 26 1917EST 2115EST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strengthening winter storm passed southeast of Nantucket and brought a period of high winds to portions of southern New England, along with heavy snow and coastal flooding.

MASSACHUSETTS, West

MAZ025 Southern Berkshire 01 1415EST 1615EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front swept across the Berkshires during Wednesday December 1st, bringing strong and gusty winds and heavy rains to the area. With the passage of the cold front, winds quickly shifted from the south-southeast to the west, and temperatures rapidly dropped. Ahead of the cold front, a very strong south to southeast low level jet resulted in wind gusts up to 55 mph, and with the passage of the front there were wind gusts up to around 50 mph. These strong wind gusts downed trees and power lines, resulting in power outages. Generally, 1 1/2 to 3 inches of rain fell across the area resulting in some urban and small stream flooding.

MAZ001 Northern Berkshire 26 1400EST 27 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major nor'easter brought significant snows and blizzard conditions to the Berkshires Sunday, December 26th into Monday, December 27th. Low pressure initially developed along the Gulf Coast on Christmas. Once the low reached the southeast coast Christmas night, it strengthened and headed northeastward along the East Coast Sunday. Explosive deepening, cyclogenesis, occurred Sunday night as the low moved northward toward Long Island with the low eventually passing directly over Cape Cod early Monday morning. The low then proceeded up the New England coast during the day.

Bands of heavy snow with snowfall rates of 1 to 3 inches an hour occurred across the Berkshires, resulting in snowfall accumulations of 1 to 2 feet. In addition, strong and gusty winds of 35 to 45 mph caused significant blowing and drifting of the snow.

Snow emergencies were declared in the City of Pittsfield and Town of Lenox.

96 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, East

MIZ053-062-068> Lapeer - Livingston - Oakland - Saginaw - St. Clair - Wayne 069-076 12 1100EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ049-055 Huron - Sanilac 12 1400EST 14 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Low pressure tracked near the Michigan/Ohio border and then northeast into Ontario. Precipitation started as rain before changing to snow. Snowfall accumulations across southeast Michigan were generally in the 3 to 7 inch range before Arctic air ushered in. Additional Lake Effect accumulations occurred over the Thumb region, where storm totals reached 15 inches at Bad Axe. In addition, gusty winds of 25 to 40 mph occurred during Sunday afternoon which lead to scattered power outages. Wind gusts to 50 mph were even reported across the northern Thumb region. The snow and blowing snow lead to Blizzard conditions over Huron and Sanilac counties, which stranded at least two dozen cars. Here are some of the higher snowfall reports: Bad Axe (Huron), 15 inches. Yale (St. Clair), 9 inches. White Lake (Oakland), 7.7 inches. Marlette (Sanilac), 7 inches. Clifford (Lapeer), 7 inches. Midland (Midland), 7 inches. Riverview (Wayne), 6.4 inches. 3 Northwest of Saginaw (Saginaw), 6.3 inches. Howell (Livingston), 6.3 inches.

MICHIGAN, Extreme Southwest

MIZ077-078 Berrien - Cass 05 0200EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ079-080 Branch - St. Joseph 05 0900EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Multiple lake effect snow bands dropped accumulating snow across much of southwest Lower Michigan December 5th through December 7th. The heaviest snow fell across Berrien and Cass counties. Gusty winds within these snow bands created widespread blowing and drifting snow.

MIZ078>081 Branch - Cass - Hillsdale - St. Joseph 12 0500EST 13 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A deepening area of low pressure tracked eastward near the Interstate 80 corridor in Indiana and Ohio. Precipitation initially began as rain on December 11th, before transitioning to moderate snow on the 12th as colder air filtered in on the backside of this low pressure system. Snowfall totals generally ranged between 3 and 6 inches. Wind gusts of 25 to 35 mph created widespread blowing and drifting snow.

MIZ077 Berrien 12 1000EST 14 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A long duration, intense, lake effect single band set up over southwest Berrien Coutny in southwest Lower Michigan late on December 12th through the morning hours of December 14th. Total snowfall accumulations of 10-20 inches were reported, with blizzard conditions at times given the associated gusty winds and low visibilities.

97 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, North MIZ008 Chippewa 01 2000EST 03 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ016-021>022- Antrim - Cheboygan - Emmet - Kalkaska - Otsego 027 02 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 03 Cold air surged into Northern Michigan on west-northwest winds, thanks to low pressure near James Bay. Locally heavy lake effect developed into Eastern Upper and Northwest Lower Michigan, with most of the snow falling on the morning of the 2nd. Sault Ste Marie had 8.5 inches of snow by daybreak. Kalkaska, Darragh, Elmira, Gaylord, and Wolverine were among other communities that ended up in the 6 to 8 inch range.

MIZ008-021-026> Antrim - Chippewa - Grand Traverse - Kalkaska - Missaukee - Otsego - Wexford 027-032>033 05 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 07 07 1800EST 08 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ022-027-034 Kalkaska - Otsego - Roscommon 07 1800EST 08 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

An extended period of cold north-northwest winds brought a lengthy period of lake effect snow to parts of Eastern Upper and Northwest Lower Michigan. Localized 6 to 12 inch amounts in 12 hour periods were common from the daylight hours of the 5th, to the morning of the 8th. Some spots in Northwest Lower picked up 2 feet of snow during the period, while north of Hessel in Chippewa County, 20 inches fell in 24 hours from the 5th into the 6th.

MIZ008-015>027- Alcona - Alpena - Antrim - Benzie - Charlevoix - Cheboygan - Chippewa - Emmet - Grand Traverse - 030>033 Kalkaska - Leelanau - Mackinac - Manistee - Missaukee - Montmorency - Otsego - Presque Isle - Wexford

11 2000EST 13 1400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large low pressure system moved from Iowa across the southern Great Lakes region. Snow developed in Northern Michigan ahead of the low, moving in on the night of the 11th, and continuing in spots into the morning of the 13th. Very gusty northeasterly winds produced near-blizzard conditions along parts of the coastlines of Lakes Michigan and Huron. Accumulations of 6 to 15 inches were common across Northwest and extreme Northern Lower Michigan, parts of Eastern Upper Michigan, and along the Lake Huron coast of Northeast Lower Michigan. The highest amounts, 12 to 15 inches, were in the Cadillac area.

MICHIGAN, Upper

MIZ006 Alger 01 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 02

MIZ007-014 Luce - Southern Schoolcraft 02 0730EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A cold northwest flow across Lake Superior generated lake effect snow showers over portions of north central Upper Michigan on the 1st and 2nd.

MIZ009 Gogebic 04 1130CST 06 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ005-006 Alger - Marquette 04 2000EST 07 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

98 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, Upper MIZ013 Delta 04 2200EST 08 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ007-085 Luce - Northern Schoolcraft 06 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 07 The passage of an upper disturbance allowed colder Arctic air to flood across the Upper Great Lakes from the 4th through the 8th. As a result...moderate to heavy lake effect snow showers fell downwind of Lake Superior over portions of west and central Upper Michigan.

MIZ002-004>006- Alger - Baraga - Delta - Dickinson - Gogebic - Iron - Marquette - Menominee - Ontonagon - Southern 009>014-084 Houghton - Southern Schoolcraft 11 0600CST 13 1700CST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A storm system tracking from the Central Plains into the Great Lakes dumped heavy snow over portions of west and central Upper Michigan from the 11th into the 13th.

MIZ002-003 Northern Houghton - Ontonagon 17 1530EST 18 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The approach of a low pressure system over Ontario caused moderate lake effect snow showers to fall over Houghton County from the afternoon of the 17th into the afternoon of the 18th.

21 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 22

MIZ009-011-013 Delta - Dickinson - Gogebic 21 0600CST 22 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system approaching from the Plains dropped moderate snow over portions of west and central Upper Michigan from the 21st into the morning of the 22nd.

MIZ002 Ontonagon 25 0500EST 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

An upper level disturbance enhanced lake effect snow showers in Ontonagon on Christmas day. Heavy snow amounts of up to eight inches were reported.

MIZ002-010 Iron - Ontonagon 31 1100CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system over the Plains moved toward western Lake Superior and deposited a glaze of freezing drizzle over portions of western Upper Michigan on the 31st.

MICHIGAN, West

MIZ037-043>044 Lake - Mason - Newaygo - Oceana 05 0700EST 07 2100EST 0 0 Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ050-056-064- Allegan - Muskegon - Ottawa - Van Buren 071 06 0700EST 07 2100EST 0 0 Lake-Effect Snow

99 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, West

A prolonged north northwest flow lake effect event began on the morning of the fifth of December and continued until the evening hours of December seventh. There were two areas with very heavy snowfall. The first area was from 12 miles east of Ludington southeast into northeast Oceana county. Up to 24 inches of snow was reported 12 miles east of Ludington by mid morning on the 8th. The second area of heavy snow was from western Ottawa county, southwest across Allegan county into northeast Van Buren county with up to 20 inches of snow there.

MIZ038>040-046 Clare - Isabella - Lake - Osceola 11 1900EST 12 1600EST 0 0 1.25M 0.00K Winter Storm

Heavy snow fell near and north of Route 10 from the late evening hours of the 11th into the mid morning hours of the 12th. Light snow developed near and north of Interstate 96 during the early evening hours of the 11th as low pressure moved from Iowa that morning to near Chicago in the evening. The snow became heavy at times between midnight and 3 a.m. on the 12th as the low moved to just southwest of Kalamazoo. The snow tapered off and ended during the mid afternoon hours of the 12th. The primary heavy snow area was from near Dighton southeast to just north of Mount Pleasant, where 10 to 15 inches of snow fell. There was a second area of heavier snowfall, with around ten inches reported across northwest Oceana county.

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central

MNZ047>049-055- Anoka - Blue Earth - Brown - Carver - Dakota - Goodhue - Hennepin - Kandiyohi - Le Sueur - McLeod - 057>063-065>070- Meeker - Nicollet - Pope - Ramsey - Redwood - Renville - Rice - Scott - Sibley - Stearns - Steele - Stevens - 073>078-083>085 Swift - Waseca - Washington - Wright 03 0800CST 04 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A fast moving storm system, that remained fairly modest in terms of moisture, created a small band of very heavy snowfall across portions of central and southern Minnesota, as well as a small portion of west central Wisconsin. The highest snowfall totals were above 8 inches, and occurred across a small portion of southern Minnesota from near Hutchinson, east-southeast to the southwestern and southern part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, to near Red Wing, and adjacent counties in west- central Wisconsin, where snowfall ratios averaged around 15-1. The heaviest totals were around Hutchinson, Carver, Credit River, Farmington, Stanton and Zumbrota Minnesota, each of which had amounts over 10 inches.

MNZ054>057-064> Blue Earth - Brown - Carver - Chippewa - Dakota - Faribault - Freeborn - Goodhue - Kandiyohi - Lac Qui 070-073>078-082> Parle - Le Sueur - Martin - McLeod - Nicollet - Redwood - Renville - Rice - Scott - Sibley - Steele - Swift - 085-091>093 Waseca - Watonwan - Yellow Medicine 10 1800CST 11 2000CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ060 Hennepin 10 2130CST 11 2000CST 0 0 18.3M 0.00K Winter Storm

MNZ058 Meeker 10 2200CST 11 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ049>051-059- Anoka - Benton - Ramsey - Sherburne - Stearns - Washington - Wright 061>063 10 2200CST 11 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MNZ044-052>053 Chisago - Isanti - Kanabec - Mille Lacs 11 0000CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A storm system began to organize across the Upper Midwest Friday afternoon, and intensified late Friday night and into Saturday as it moved across northern Iowa.

100 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central

This storm system produced snowfall amounts in excess of one foot in many locations across east central Minnesota, and into west central Wisconsin. Some of the higher totals occurred across the Twin Cities Metropolitan area.

In the Twin Cities area, snowfall amounts ranged from 15 to 20 inches in Ramsey County, to 18-20 inches in the northern suburbs, and around 20-23 inches across the southern suburbs.

A rural Rice County man died while walking to his home during the blizzard.

The snow storm caused the Metrodome in Minneapolis to deflate and rip due to the weight and amount of snow on the teflon roof. In addition to the high snowfall amounts, strong winds up to 50 mph caused blizzard conditions in many areas of southern Minnesota, including some areas of the southwest suburbs of the Twin Cities. As the wind speeds intensified, several roads closed, including I-90 from Albert Lea, to the South Dakota border for several hours during the height of the storm.

The snowfall intensify during the afternoon across east central and south central Minnesota, where snow plows were called off roadways, including county snowplows in the Twin Cities Metro area.

This was the biggest snowstorm since the infamous Halloween Blizzard of 1991, and was the fifth largest snowfall at the Twin Cities airport (17.1 Inches).

MNZ055-057-065> Carver - Kandiyohi - McLeod - Meeker - Renville - Rice - Scott - Sibley - Steele - Swift - Waseca 069-077-084>085 15 1500CST 16 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Several weak waves, plus a nearly stationary boundary across southern Minnesota during the afternoon of December 15, through the morning of December 16th, caused a narrow band of 6 to 10 inches from near Benson, southeast to Owatonna. Although most of the snowfall was light during most of the event, the combination of strong forcing at mid levels of the atmosphere, plus temperatures in the favored area (-12 to -18C) of the dendritic zone, caused snowfall to increase before midnight December 15th, and continue through the morning of December 16th. Just northeast of the precipitation area, a very dry arctic air mass allowed for a sharp cutoff from several inches of snow in the southwest Suburbs of the Twin Cities, to only a Trace of snowfall at the international airport, and no snow in the northeast suburbs. Some of the heaviest snow fell in an area where high snowfall ratios of 25-1 combined with strong forcing, allowing for 6 to 8 inches of snow in a 12 hour period.

MNZ060-065>070- Blue Earth - Brown - Carver - Dakota - Hennepin - Le Sueur - McLeod - Nicollet - Redwood - Renville - 073>077-082>085 Rice - Scott - Sibley - Steele - Waseca - Watonwan 20 0700CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The seventh snow storm in less than two months produced a narrow band of six inches or more across portions of south central and east central Minnesota on Monday, December 20th. A broad area of mainly light snow developed across southwestern Minnesota the morning of December 20th, and expanded northeast across the region by the afternoon. There were a few bands of heavy snow that fell during the afternoon hours across south central and east central Minnesota, where snowfall rates increased to 1 inch or more per hour. The snow quickly became light during the evening, before tapering off to mainly flurries by midnight. Some light freezing precipitation developed prior to the main snow bands in the morning, and again during the evening once the system moved off to the north and northeast.

MNZ060-070-078- Blue Earth - Dakota - Faribault - Goodhue - Hennepin - Martin - Watonwan 082-091>092 23 2100CST 24 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Several weak weather systems moved across the Upper Midwest the night of December 23rd, and continued through the late morning hours of Friday, December 24th. Most areas only received between 3 and 5 inches in a 12 hour period, however, isolated areas near the Iowa border, and in parts of the Twin Cities Metro area had 6 to 7 inches in less than 12 hours.

MNZ041-047-054- Douglas - Lac Qui Parle - Stevens - Swift - Yellow Medicine 064 30 1000CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

30 1800CST 31 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

101 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central MNZ047-054-064 Lac Qui Parle - Stevens - Swift - Yellow Medicine 30 1800CST 31 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

The first in a two part winter storm produced locally 4 to 7 inches of snowfall across portions of west central Minnesota during the late morning of Thursday, December 30th, through the early morning of Friday, December 31st. The first part of this winter storm had a large area of warm air aloft and allowed for mainly light rain, mixed with snow and sleet, before the colder air moved across the area late in the morning. Strong north to northwest winds developed on the back side of this system creating blizzard conditions during the evening and early morning hours, before the system moved off to the northeast.

MINNESOTA, Northeast Aitkin County 30 WSW Nichols 07 1800CST 10 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

An ice jam led to several days of minor flooding at Ft Ripley. The Mississippi River reached flood stage of 10.0 feet at 600 PM CDT on December 7th. The river crested at Ft Ripley at 10.79 Feet about 600 PM CDT on December 8th, and returned below flood stage at 200 PM on December 10th. No significant impacts occurred.

MNZ038 Pine 11 0300CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A part of far east central Minnesota was brushed by the northern edge of a significant snowstorm. Snow moved into the area in the early morning hours of December 11th, and picked up in intensity during the day before exiting to the east in the late evening and early overnight. With the low pressure system tracking well south, and a dry, arctic high pressure pushing in, a sharp gradient in snowfall accumulations was set up across the area. Extreme southern Pine County received 6 to 8 inches of snow. However, this quickly dropped off to 2 to 4 inches in northern Pine County.

MNZ019>021-025> Central St. Louis - Crow Wing - Northern Aitkin - Northern Cass - Pine - Southern Cass - Southern Cook 026-033>035-037> - Southern Itasca - Southern Lake - Southern St. Louis/Carlton 038 20 1200CST 21 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow began across northeast Minnesota during the afternoon of the 20th and continued into the following afternoon. The heaviest snow fell overnight. Six to 8 inches fell in a band from the Chippewa National Forest southeast through the Iron Range. Another area of very heavy snow of 9 to 15 inches was in southern St. Louis County from Duluth to Floodwood to eastern Carlton County. Fifteen inches fell near Adolph, outside of Duluth, and 12 inches fell at Cloquet. There was another band of heavier snow along the north shore of Lake Superior where 8 inches fell at Two Harbors 10.8 inches fell at Silver Bay and 11 inches was measured at Finland.

MNZ010-018>019- Central St. Louis - Crow Wing - Koochiching - Northern Aitkin - Northern Cass - Northern Itasca - 025>026-033>035 Northern St. Louis - Southern Cass - Southern Itasca 30 0500CST 31 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A mild period during Christmas Week ended with a strong, slow-moving cold front. West of the front, heavy snow began throughout, north and west of the Iron Range early on the 30th and continued into the 31st. The heaviest snows, up to a foot and a half, were reported northwest of Grand Rapids. Further east, wet snow and mixed precipitation fell around western Lake Superior and to the southwest. Snow returned to the area several hours later, but no heavy amounts were reported. Snowfall amounts included 17.4 inches 8 miles south of Bigfork, 15 inches at Cook, 10 inches near Orr and 7.5 inches at Cass Lake.

MINNESOTA, Northwest

MNZ029-040 Grant - West Otter Tail - Wilkin 03 1128CST 2353CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of surface low pressure moved across Nebraska and into southeast Kansas on the 3rd and 4th, while an inverted trough extended up into south central and southeast North Dakota. Six to nine inches of snow fell in a relatively thin band from Lisbon, North Dakota, to Elbow Lake, Minnesota.

16 0800CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow 102 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Northwest

A persistent surface boundary set up across the western Dakotas, with a tight thermal gradient from west to east. Bands of heavy snow made it as far east as a Cando to Cooperstown to Wyndmere line. The heaviest snow, 12 to 14 inches, fell in the Devils Lake basin, while slight lower amounts, 8 to 11 inches, fell over portions of southeast North Dakota.

MNZ002-022>024- Clay - East Becker - East Otter Tail - Hubbard - Mahnomen - Norman - South Clearwater - Wadena - 027>032 West Becker - West Otter Tail - Wilkin 19 1446CST 21 0600CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

MNZ001-014-015 East Polk - Red Lake - West Polk 20 0411CST 21 0600CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of surface low pressure formed over south central North Dakota on the evening of the 20th and tracked into central Minnesota by mid morning of the 21st. This helped spread a swath of 6 to 8 inches of snow from Devils Lake to Reynolds (North Dakota) to Mahnomen (Minnesota). Lesser amounts of snow fell to the north and south of this line, but some areas did pick up a little light freezing drizzle.

MNZ016-023>024- East Becker - East Otter Tail - Hubbard - North Clearwater - South Beltrami - South Clearwater - 028-031>032 Wadena 30 1216CST 31 0349CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A frontal boundary hung up along a line from the Wahpeton/Breckenridge area up toward the Lake of the Woods (Minnesota). This helped to focus slightly higher snow amounts from the southern Red River Valley up toward the Lake of the Woods area. Over a foot of snow fell on the Fergus Falls (Minnesota) area, with a good 4 to 10 inches from Wahpeton/Breckenridge to the Upper and Lower Red Lakes region. Gusty north to northeast winds did produce some blowing snow and reduced visibilities.

MNZ001>004-007- Clay - East Polk - Grant - Kittson - Mahnomen - Norman - Pennington - Red Lake - West Becker - West 013>015-022-027- Marshall - West Otter Tail - West Polk - Wilkin 029>030-040 30 1216CST 31 0349CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

As the storm system responsible for the winter storm on the 29th and 30th started to intensify, a surface low pressure system lifted from eastern Nebraska at noon on the 30th and tracked to near Duluth, Minnesota, by midnight. Blizzard conditions developed across portions of southeast North Dakota and west central Minnesota, which had just picked up the 4 to 12 inches of fresh snow. The storm had wide effects on the region, first and foremost on transportation. Interstate 94 was shut down from Jamestown to Alexandria, U. S. Highway 10 was closed from Moorhead to Detroit Lakes, and U. S. Highway 2 was closed from East Grand Forks to Crookston.

MNZ006-009 Lake of the Woods - North Beltrami 31 0300CST 0349CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A frontal boundary hung up along a line from the Wahpeton/Breckenridge area up toward the Lake of the Woods (Minnesota). This helped to focus slightly higher snow amounts from the southern Red River Valley up toward the Lake of the Woods area. Over a foot of snow fell on the Fergus Falls (Minnesota) area, with a good 4 to 10 inches from Wahpeton/Breckenridge to the Upper and Lower Red Lakes region. Gusty north to northeast winds did produce some blowing snow and reduced visibilities.

MNZ001>004-007- Clay - Kittson - Norman - West Marshall - West Polk - Wilkin 029 31 0420CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

As one blizzard event ended, hardly 14 hours passed and portions of the region were back in a second blizzard. These rare back -to-back blizzards ended up shutting down a good majority of events across the area. A second strong surface low pressure system lifted out of southwest Minnesota and tracked toward the Minnesota arrowhead, producing another swath of 6 to 8 inches of snow along with very gusty north winds. This resulted in blizzard conditions from New Years Eve into the 2011 New Year. Regional transportation means were shut down once again. Most of Interstate 94 remained closed from the first blizzard and all of Interstate 29 in North Dakota shut down. Most segments of U. S. Highway's 10 and 2 were shut down and the airports at Fargo and Grand Forks closed.

103 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Northwest MNZ005-008>009- East Becker - East Marshall - East Otter Tail - East Polk - Grant - Hubbard - Lake of the Woods - 013>017-022>024- Mahnomen - North Beltrami - North Clearwater - Pennington - Red Lake - Roseau - South Beltrami - 027>028-030>032- South Clearwater - Wadena - West Becker - West Otter Tail 040 31 0420CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

As one winter storm event ended, hardly 14 hours passed and portions of the region were back in a second winter storm. These rare back-to-back storms ended up shutting down a good majority of events across the area. A second strong surface low pressure system lifted out of southwest Minnesota and tracked toward the Minnesota arrowhead, producing another swath of 6 to 8 inches of snow along with very gusty north winds. This resulted in winter storm conditions from New Years Eve into the 2011 New Year.

MINNESOTA, Southeast

MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Houston - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>096 03 1300CST 04 0930CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved across the Central Plains states in the early afternoon hours of December 3rd through the morning hours of December 4th. Light snow began in the early afternoon hours of December 3rd and increased in intensity during the late afternoon hours. The snow produced a swath of six to ten inches of accumulation across portions of southeast Minnesota. Volunteer cooperative observers reported snowfall amounts of 9.6 inches at Lanesboro (Fillmore County), 9.5 inches five miles east of Houston (Houston County) and 9 inches at Oronoco (Olmsted County) and Goodview (Winona County).

MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Houston - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>096 11 1200CST 12 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful low pressure system tracked across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region during the evening hours of December 10th into the morning hours of December 12th. This brought heavy snow and blizzard conditions across southeast Minnesota. Volunteer cooperative observers measured snowfall amounts of 23 inches at Winona Lock and Dam 5A (Winona County), 21 inches three miles south of Winona (Winona County), 17 inches one mile west of Reads Landing (Wabasha County), 16 inches near the Rochester airport (Olmsted County) and 12 inches at Mantorville (Dodge County). In addition to the heavy snow, sustained wind speeds of 25 to 30 miles per hour with gusts up to 50 miles per hour caused whiteout conditions, widespread road closures and stranded motorists.

MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>095 20 0900CST 21 0300CST 0 0 17.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

MNZ096 Houston 20 1100CST 21 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow started falling across southeast Minnesota during the morning of the 20th and continued into the evening hours before ending. Once the snow ended, it was replaced by freezing drizzle which created a light coating of glaze on the fresh snow and exposed surfaces. The weight of the snow caused two roofs to collapse in Winona County. The debris blocked a railroad track and trapped numerous cattle, killing one. Snowfall totals generally ranged from 4 to 6 inches with ice accumulations around an eighth of an inch. The highest reported snow totals were 8 inches at Grand Meadow (Mower County) and 7.5 inches at Harmony (Fillmore County).

MNZ079-094 Mower - Wabasha 23 2100CST 25 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Snow starting falling across southeast Minnesota during the evening of the 23rd and continued through much of the 24th before ending. Most of the accumulating snow had ended by the early afternoon of the 24th. Snowfall accumulations generally ranged from 4 to 6 inches across all of southeast Minnesota. The highest reported total was 7.6 inches at Theilman (Wabasha County).

104 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Southeast MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Houston - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>096 29 1200CST 30 1730CST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Dense Fog

MNZ088-095-096 Fillmore - Houston - Winona 31 1645CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Fog develop across southeast Minnesota and reduced the visibility to less than mile for an extended period starting on the 29th and continuing through much of the 30th. One person was killed in a car accident on U.S. Highway 63 in Mower County. During this period, an extended period of dense fog with visibilities of a quarter mile or less occurred. A brief period of freezing drizzle also occurred during the late afternoon of the 31st creating a glaze of ice on exposed surfaces. As an area of low pressure moved across the Midwest, warm air spread over the region and caused the deep snow pack to begin melting which resulted in the formation of the fog.

MINNESOTA, Southwest

MNZ071-080>081- Cottonwood - Jackson - Lincoln - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone 089>090-097 03 0900CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow during the daytime hours of December 3rd accumulated 3 to 6 inches over southwest Minnesota, except for less in the extreme southwest corner of the state.

11 0000CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ072-080-089> Cottonwood - Jackson - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone - Rock 090-097>098 11 0000CST 2100CST 0 2 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Snowfall ranging from 5 to 10 inches was accompanied by sustained northwest winds which reached 40 mph at times, with gusts as high as 55 mph. The snowfall, strong winds, and existing snow cover resulted in widespread blizzard conditions. Travel was made impossible in much of the area. There were several accidents and vehicles going into ditches, attributed to slick roads and low visibilities. Several motorists were stranded. Businesses were forced to close, and several school and other weekend activities were canceled or postponed.

MNZ071-097 Lincoln - Pipestone 20 0600CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MNZ072-080-089> Cottonwood - Jackson - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Rock 090-098 20 0600CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow accumulated 3 to 7 inches in southwest Minnesota during the morning and early afternoon of December 20th. Accumulations of greater than 6 inches were reported from Ivanhoe to Pipestone near the western border of the state.

MNZ071-080>081- Cottonwood - Jackson - Lincoln - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone 089>090-097 23 1900CST 24 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Light to occasionally moderate snow during the night of December 23rd and the morning of December 24th accumulated 3 to 6 inches in most of southwest Minnesota.

105 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, West Central MNZ039 Traverse 03 0800CST 04 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Widespread snowfall occurred across west central Minnesota with a heavier band of snow across Traverse county. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 8 inches occurred. The heaviest snowfall occurred at Wheaton where 8 inches was reported.

11 0700CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ046 Big Stone 11 0900CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong Alberta Clipper came across the region bringing snowfall, strong northwest winds, along with bitter cold Arctic air from the early morning until the late afternoon. Snowfall of 1 to 3 inches combined with 25 to 35 mph winds gusting to 45 mph brought widespread blizzard conditions across west central Minnesota. Travel was significantly disrupted or halted as a result, with many events cancelled. The blizzard was short-lived from the mid morning hours into the mid afternoon hours. The snowfall began between midnight and 4 am CST and ended from 3 to 4 pm CST in the afternoon.

MNZ039-046 Big Stone - Traverse 15 1900CST 16 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Heavy snow of 6 to 8 inches fell across west central Minnesota from the late evening until the mid morning hours. Snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Wheaton and Artichoke Lake, 7 inches at White Rock, and 8 inches at Dumont and Ortonville.

MNZ046 Big Stone 20 0800CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Heavy snow occurred in Big Stone county from the morning until the early evening hours. Six inches of snow occurred northeast of Ortonville.

MNZ039 Traverse 23 0600CST 24 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Widepsread snow of 3 to 5 inches fell across west central Minnesota with some isolated 6 inch amounts. Wheaton observed 6 inches of snowfall when it ended on Christmas Eve morning.

30 1200CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ046 Big Stone 30 1200CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong upper level low pressure trough and associated surface low pressure area moved across the region bringing the first of two consecutive blizzards to west central Minnesota. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches combined with bitter cold northwest winds of 25 to 40 mph to generate blizzard conditions across the region. Visibilities fell to near zero with nearly impossible travel conditions. The snowfall began from 9 to 10 am CST and ended on the 31st between 3 and 4 am CST.

31 1300CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ039 Traverse 31 1500CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

106 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, West Central

A second stronger surface low pressure area moved across the region on New Year's Eve bringing widespread heavy snowfall along with blizzard conditions. Bitter cold northwest winds of 25 to 40 mph combined with additional snowfall of 4 to 8 inches brought visibilities to near zero across much of the region. This was the second blizzard in two days across the region. The blizzard conditions continued into early New Year's Day. The total snowfall amounts from the two storms ranged from 8 to 14 inches. Some of the snowfall amounts included 8 inches near White Rock, 10 inches in Ortonville, and 14 inches in Artichoke Lake.

MISSISSIPPI, Central Washington County 3 WSW Chatham 11 1530CST 2 NNW Foote 1541CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

A swath of half dollar sized hail with some isolated pockets of nickel sized hail was observed in the southwest portion of the county. Sunflower County 1 E Indianola 11 1553CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (62EG)

A large tree was blown down and damaged a home on Nash Road. Several other trees were blown down in a neighboring yard. At least one tree appeared to have been thrown at a distance. Two utility poles were blown down and a workshop damaged.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 62 knots is equivalent to 71 mph. Washington County 1 E Hollandale 11 1555CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail was observed near Hollandale. Sharkey County 1 W Anguilla 11 1610CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

A top was blown off from a residential trailer in town. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Holmes County Good Hope 11 1649CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A few trees were blown down. One was blown down across Highway 12 at the intersection of Highway 49 East. Some shingles were blown off the roof of the C Head grocery store. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Yazoo County 1 E Yazoo City 11 1655CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down across Myrtle Road just south of town. A car ran into the tree and the driver suffered an indirect minor injury. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Yazoo County 2 SSE Jonestown 11 1658CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Four trees were blown down and one of them had fallen on a vehicle near Myerville and Fletchers Chapel Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Yazoo County 3 WSW Benton 11 1702CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down on Sunny Lane Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Holmes County 1 NW Goodman 11 1719CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A power line was blown down on Shady Grove Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

107 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Attala County 1 NE Newport 11 1733CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Several trees were blown down along Highway 14 near State Highway 429.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Madison County 3 WSW Livingston 11 1740CST 1741CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

At least seven trees were blown down on some private property.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Madison County 2 NE Mansdale 11 1750CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail was observed near Annandale. Madison County 1 W Gluckstadt 11 1754CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail was observed near Gluckstadt. Lawrence County 2 W Rosella 11 1940CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of trees were blown down northwest of Monticello. During the afternoon of December 11, a storm system with some instability and gulf moisture, combined with a strong cold front to bring a line of strong and severe storms to central Mississippi. The severe storms brought some nickel to half dollar size hail, along with some thunderstorm wind damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

MSZ042-066 Jones - Yazoo 12 0903CST 1230CST 0 0 27.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

On December 12, a cold Canadian air mass pushed into the region. The change of air mass resulted in a tight pressure gradient across the region and brought in gusty winds of 35 to 45 mph. These windy conditions caused multiple trees to be blown down across southern Jones County and across northeast Yazoo County.

MSZ030-033 Clay - Lowndes - Oktibbeha 15 0415CST 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Some overrunning of gulf moisture, atop a cold air mass, caused a brief period of light freezing rain across portions of northeast Mississippi during the early morning of December 15th. Some light accumulation of ice was observed over Oktibbeha, Clay, and Lowndes Counties.

MSZ026-029-032- Choctaw - Grenada - Oktibbeha - Webster 033 25 0730CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure in the northern gulf provided some overrunning of moisture with cold temperatures at the surface. This combination resulted in some light snow and sleet accumulations over portions of the north central and northeast parts of the forecast area. Copiah County 3 ENE Meadows Store 31 1557CST 1 W Dentville 1608CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter sized hail was observed southeast of Carpenter.

108 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Copiah County 2 SW Glancy 31 1610CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Some trees were blown down southwest of Hazelhurst. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 2 ESE Stout 31 1611CST 1 SE Beechwood 1615CST 3.56 100 0 0 110.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

This tornado touched down near the intersection of Fisher Ferry and Halls Ferry Roads and tracked northeast across the Army Corps of Engineers Engineer and Research Development Center property. Shingles were blown off several roofs, part of the roof was blown off a hanger, a mobile home was damaged and a power pole was snapped. Further along the track, scattered trees were sporadically blown down with many large limbs down as well along the path. Toward the end of the track, one of the trees fell across power lines, taking three power poles down with it. Maximum winds were around 90 mph.

Warren County 2 SSE Vicksburg 31 1612CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Warren County 1 NNW Beechwood 31 1612CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

Power lines were blown down with power out in the Walmart area. A tree was blown down across Interstate 20 near exit 5.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Jefferson County 1 E Storington 31 1615CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were snapped just north of Harriston Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Copiah County 1 NNE Dentville 31 1620CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of trees were blown down on Jack Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 1 ENE Vicksburg 31 1625CST 1 E Stout 1650CST 0 0 7.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Locally heavy rainfall, near 2 inches per hour, caused some streets to flood in Vicksburg.

Jefferson County 4 NW Blue Hill 31 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Limbs and small trees were snapped along Violet Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Claiborne County 1 WSW Badland 31 1630CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down across roads between Pattison and Peyton. A few trees were also blown down across Highway 547. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Claiborne County 4 SE St Elmo 31 1630CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees and power lines were blown down southeast of Hermanville.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

109 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Hinds County 1 SE Morgans 31 1644CST 1 ENE Oakley 1703CST 13.8 800 0 0 2.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This tornado first touched down in Midway Estates just to the west of Midway Road. Initially the tornado knocked down a few trees and caused minor shingle damage to roofs. The tornado tracked northeast crossing Tank Road, Green Gable Road, and Lebanon-Pinegrove Road. The damage was predominantly downed trees and minor structural damage. The tornado then moved nearly parallel to Interstate 55 and passed through Byram. Numerous structures were damaged, dozens of billboards were blown out, a tanker truck was overturned, numerous power poles were snapped and numerous trees were snapped and uprooted. The tornado was the most intense at this point with winds estimated to be around 120 mph. In addition, the maximum path width of 1/2 mile occurred in Byram. The tornado then crossed the Pearl River into Rankin County. The tornado was on the ground for almost 14 miles in Hinds County with a total path length of 26 miles through both Hinds and Rankin Counties.

Copiah County 2 WSW Jack 31 1652CST 1701CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Rankin County 2 WNW Lakeland 31 1703CST 3 ESE Luckney 1725CST 12.37 800 0 0 700.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

This tornado crossed the Pearl River into Rankin County, into portions of Richland as an EF-1. The tornado was much weaker at this point with mainly tree damage occurring. As the tornado moved into Pearl it strengthened again. Roof damage occurred to a movie theater and a Kroger. The roof was completely torn off a car wash. In the Pearl neighborhoods, numerous trees were knocked down and several fell on houses. Several of the houses were total losses. The tornado then crossed Airport Road and onto the Jackson-Evers International Airport grounds, passing just south of the airport terminal. A roof was heavily damaged to a warehouse and numerous trees were knocked down. The tornado then tracked along Cooper Road, mainly downing trees. The tornado then lifted as it moved across Luckney Road, just a few miles south of Lakeland Drive. The highest estimated winds in Rankin County were 110 mph which occurred in Pearl. The tornado was on the ground for just over 12 miles in Rankin County with a total path length of 26 miles across Hinds and Rankin Counties.

Rankin County Florence 31 1705CST 1825CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

A CoCoRaHS observer in Florence reported 2.54 inches of rain.

Rankin County 1 S Star 31 1715CST 1745CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Over two inches of rain were observed at Star. Hinds County 3 NE Jackson 31 1720CST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree fell on a house which caused a total loss. This damage was associated with straight line winds several miles northwest of the tornadic circulation which moved across the Pearl and Flowood areas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rankin County 3 NNE Flowood 31 1722CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Winds gusted to 58 mph at the Jackson Airport. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rankin County 3 WNW Rice Hill 31 1725CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along Old Brandon Road. Large limbs were blown down along Airport Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

110 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Rankin County 2 WSW Florence 31 1728CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Rankin County 1 S Star 31 1742CST 1745CST 1.38 50 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

This weak tornado briefly touched down near Star and downed multiple limbs along with a few trees. This minor tree damage was noted along Shady Hill Drive and near Highway 49. Maximum winds were around 75 mph.

Rankin County 1 S Star 31 1745CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds were estimated at 60-65 mph. Numerous limbs were blown down.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Hinds County 1 W West Jackson 31 1800CST 1 WNW Jackson 1900CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several streets were flooded in the city of Jackson. There were multiple reports of people trapped in vehicles.

Rankin County 2 NNW Rice Hill 31 1800CST 3 SE Luckney 1900CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water was reported across Crossgates Boulevard in West Brandon. Flash flooding was reported at the intersection of Luckney Road and Caine Circle and along River Bend Drive north of Brandon.

Scott County 3 SSW Hillsboro 31 1848CST 1 SSW Steel 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball sized hail was reported north of Forest.

MSZ050 Scott 31 1900CST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Neshoba County 2 NE Neville 31 1930CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down along County Road 210 west of Union.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Neshoba County 2 SW Neshoba 31 1935CST 1943CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Dime to golf ball sized hail fell over Neshoba. Franklin County 1 S Mc Call Creek 31 1940CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter sized hail was observed south of Mccall Creek. Lincoln County 5 N Vaughn 31 2009CST 6 E Caseyville 2013CST 2.12 50 0 0 250.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

111 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central

The tornado started along Ellzey Drive, where it snapped some large limbs and took a few shingles off a house. The tornado moved north-northeast, destroying a small outbuilding along Tanpa Trail and downing a couple of trees. The tornado then did its most substantial damage along Jackson Liberty Drive NW, where it pushed a frame house off of its blocks, along with busting windows and causing some shingle damage. A couple of outbuildings were also heavily damaged, and a few trees were snapped and uprooted. The tornado continued north-northeast, sporadically snapping a few pine trees before dissipating near Pleasant Ridge Road NW. Maximum winds were around 90 mph.

Kemper County 2 NNE Bloomfield 31 2024CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power line was blown down along Highway 397 northwest of Kemper Lake Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Carroll County 3 WNW North Carrollton 31 2055CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down along Highway 35 north. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Holmes County 1 E Tchula 31 2145CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down in Tchula. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Humphreys County Brooklyn 31 2152CST 2330CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Locally heavy rain cause several streets to flood in Belzoni.

Holmes County 3 E Huma 31 2155CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down north of Lexington. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Carroll County Coila 31 2208CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down off Highway 17. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 1 WNW Eagle Bend 31 2220CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Dime to quarter sized hail was reported around Eagle Lake. Holmes County 2 ESE Gwin 31 2225CST 1 ENE Acona 2238CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Holmes County Lexington 31 2227CST 0 0 6.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Scattered trees were blown down around Lexington. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Carroll County 1 E Seven Pines 31 2230CST 2345CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several roads were flooded around the Seven Pines Community.

112 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Montgomery County 1 N Winona 31 2230CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of trees were blown down at Winona. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 1 NE Kilmichael 31 2238CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of trees were blown down in Kilmichael. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 2 WSW Sawyer 31 2240CST Fox 2355CST 0 0 300.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Locally heavy rain, between 4 and 6 inches, caused several streets to flood in the city of Winona. Many cars were flooded in town due to the high water. Additionally, several roads were closed, with some washed out, near and around Winona.

Carroll County 3 SE Black Hawk 31 2240CST 4 WSW Sommerville Communit 2250CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball sized hail was observed east of Black Hawk. Yazoo County 2 E Renshaw 31 2320CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple trees were down off Rebecca Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Yazoo County 2 W Yazoo City 31 2330CST 1 W Norway 2350CST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood

Locally heavy rain caused flooding on Calhoun, Ace, 19th, and 6th Streets, as well as Jasper Avenue.

Holmes County 1 WNW Richland 31 2350CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (67EG) Strong winds associated with a rear flank downdraft snapped or uprooted several trees near Highway 17 and Highway 14 west of Goodman. A highway sign was snapped at the Goodman exit along Interstate 55.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 67 knots is equivalent to 77 mph. Simpson County 3 SE Union 31 2358CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of tree were blown down northwest of Shivers. A potent storm system brought a prolonged outbreak of severe thunderstorms to the Lower Mississippi Valley region from the afternoon hours of New Years Eve lasting through the morning hours of New Years Day. This rare combination of high instability and wind shear is mainly what supported the large outbreak and multiple strong tornadoes. National Weather Service storm survey teams found 11 total tornadoes which occurred during this event. Of the 11, two were EF-3 with two more EF-2. Six were EF-1 with one EF-0. Damaging straight line winds also brought numerous trees and large limbs down across the area. Large hail also occurred during the event with reports ranging from quarter to golf ball size. In addition, flash flooding was a significant issue across the area. Roads were flooded in several locations, some vehicles were submerged in flood waters, and a few evacuations took place as a result of rising flood waters. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

113 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, North MSZ002>006-009- Alcorn - Benton - Calhoun - Chickasaw - Itawamba - Lafayette - Lee - Marshall - Monroe - Pontotoc - 013>017-021>024 Prentiss - Tippah - Tishomingo - Union - Yalobusha 15 0500CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system developed over the Southern Plains during the late evening hours of December 14th, 2010. The system moved east into the Mid-South during the early morning hours of December 15th, 2010 and continued throughout the morning. Precipitation associated with the system fell in the form of freezing rain as temperatures had dropped to 32 degrees or just slightly below. Ice accumulations were generally less than a tenth of an inch and was mainly confined to elevated surfaces. However many bridges and overpasses became icy causing numerous accidents. The Mississippi Highway Patrol responded to over 50 car accidents in portions of Northeast Mississippi alone. Two accidents were fatal resulting in three deaths. At least 16 injuries occurred as well from car accidents. By afternoon, precipitation either tapered off or changed over to rain as temperatures rose to above freezing.

MSZ006-009-013> Calhoun - Chickasaw - Itawamba - Lafayette - Lee - Monroe - Pontotoc - Prentiss - Tishomingo - Union - 017-021>024 Yalobusha 25 0300CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved along the Gulf Coast on Christmas Day. Precipitation associated with the low pressure spread northward during the early morning hours into North Mississippi and fell in the form of sleet and snow as arctic air was entrenched over the area allowing temperatures to be well below freezing. Snow tapered off during the late afternoon hours. No sleet accumulations occurred but snow accumulations ranged from a dusting up to 2 inches across portions of Northeast Mississippi. Only a few minor accidents occurred from the snow as much of the roadways remained clear.

MSZ001-007-010- Coahoma - De Soto - Tallahatchie - Tunica 020 28 0600CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Below normal rainfall during the month of December brought severe (D2) drought conditions back to extreme portions of Northwest Mississippi by the latter part of the month. The biggest impact from the drought were hydrological concerns as many lake and river levels remained at low levels. Although some agricultural concerns occurred as well as many pastures were in poor condition forcing farmers to feed livestock with baled hay.

Monroe County 2 NNW New Wren 31 2220CST 2225CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball size hail fell near the intersection of Highway 278 and Highway 45 near New Wren.

A strong cold front moved through the Mid-South during the afternoon and evening hours of December 31st, 2010. The front interacted with a warm, unstable airmass and produced numerous showers and thunderstorms. Some storms became severe producing large hail and flash flooding.

MISSOURI, East Gasconade County 1 SW Eland 31 0236CST 0237CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew down numerous large tree limbs and part of the roof of a barn was blown off. Some of the metal landed in the trees nearby. Several windows in the nearby house were broken by the thunderstorm winds.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pike County 1 S Bowling Green 31 1030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Crawford County Cuba 31 1040CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

114 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, East Crawford County Steelville 31 1040CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Crawford County 2 SE Jake Prairie 31 1040CST 2 SE Oak Hill 1046CST 6.36 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down near Highway F and one quarter mile south of Jakes Prairie Road. Damage consisted of tree branches snapped. The next sign of damage was nearly two miles northeast of the first sign of damage, southwest of Four Mile Road and Brush Creek. There was some large tree limb damage west of the road along the creek. However a greater degree of tree damage occurred along Brush Creek east of Four Mile Road. This area of tree damage extended over 2 miles to the east- northeast. The width of the damage over this area was over 100 yards wide. The next point of damage was on Highway 19, half a mile south of State Highway C. Minor tree damage was noted at this location. Tree limbs up to six inches were snapped half way up the tree trunk. The tornado traveled northeast and damaged one home and one farmstead on Taylor road. The owner of the house that was damaged described the tornado as a swirling rain, which confirms that the tornado was completely rain wrapped. The house suffered damage to the roof and patio. Several medium to large trees were snapped half way up the trunk to the west of the home, which is about 75 to 100 yards away. The tornado crossed Taylor road and damaged several trees on a hill north of Taylor Road. Some of these trees were snapped near the base of the trunk. The tornado then hit the first of two more farmsteads. Several panels from a barn's roof were peeled off, but the overall structure was intact. The roofs of three machine sheds were also removed and tossed to the northeast. The width of the damage area was approximately 75 yards wide. The tornado skipped and caused minor damage to a barn and silo on a second farmstead on Ackermann Lane just south of Highway C. There were a few trees uprooted and large limbs were snapped over the upper parts of several medium size trees. Additional tops from trees were snapped a third of a mile southwest of Highways C and CC. The tornado then destroyed an evergreen tree along Highway C a quarter of a mile east of the intersection of Highways C and CC before lifting and dissipating.

Franklin County 1 NW Sullivan 31 1105CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph.

Franklin County 2 E Krakow 31 1116CST 1118CST 0.8 100 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A tornado touched down along Country Club Road and produced minor tree damage. It continued to the northeast and struck Rivendell Farms, a horse farm, where it removed the majority of the roof from a large metal pole barn and caused minor injuries to one horse. Another outbuilding sustained roof damage and the residence had some shingles blown off. Also, a thirty five foot radio tower was blown down. The damage to the pole barn is rated EF1 intensity while the rest of the damage at this location is EF0. The tornado crossed Country Club Road near a sharp curve to the west. A house had shingles missing at this location as well as minor tree damage. The tornado lifted just past this point.

Franklin County 2 ENE Krakow 31 1117CST 2 SW South Pt 1118CST 0.36 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A tornado formed near the intersection of Country Club Road and Country Club Lane where it blew over a road sign and produced minor trim damage to a home. The tornado continued to the northeast and passed through a new subdivision and produced minor tree damage. The tornado lifted before reaching Highway 47.

Franklin County 3 S Moselle 31 1119CST 2 S Pacific 1133CST 11.38 370 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

115 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, East

The tornado touched down around three quarters of a mile southwest of Bruns Bridge on Mill Hill Road and four tenths of a mile east of the northern end of Ely Road, within the Meramec River valley. The tornado moved rapidly northeast at 50 mph crossing the Meramec River six times while producing extensive tree damage along its entire path to Robertsville. Large sections of trees were completely leveled within wooded areas in rural southeast Franklin County. Over two dozen structures were also damaged along the path to the southwest of Robertsville, including one house that was totally destroyed at the intersection of Eagle Ridge Road and Woods Creek Road, and another building on south Oak Drive. In Robertsville, seven homes were damaged on Hayfield Drive in the Hayfield Estates subdivision, with two sustaining significant damage. The tornado then hit the Shiloh Baptist Church causing severe damage to its west facing wall, and leveling the old church sanctuary just north of the church. The tornado then destroyed a building at the intersection of Route O and Route N as it exited town. The tornado weakened some as it moved northeast of Robertsville moving across the southeast portion of the Robertsville State Park and crossing Highway N just south of Mueller Road, about six tenths of a mile north of Catawissa. The tornado then continued northeast, crossing Solidarity Drive, which is on the Franklin/Jefferson county line, into Jefferson County.

St. Charles County 2 WSW Augusta 31 1125CST 1128CST 1.96 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A tornado touched down on the Missouri River flood plain south of Augusta Bottom Road. A barn was knocked down along August Bottom Road and had part of its roof thrown across the road. The tornado travelled north northeast up the bluff towards Highway 94. A tree was uprooted and a house sustained minor exterior damage on the south side of Highway 94. The tornado crossed Highway 94 and removed part of the metal roof of an outbuilding. The roof debris was blown several hundred yards from the structure. Some of the sheet metal was found in a tree line well north of the building where the tornado lifted.

Franklin County 3 ESE Lonedell 31 1127CST 1129CST 2 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado initially touched down northeast of Highway 30 and County Road HH in southeast Franklin County. Several medium size tree limbs were snapped in the upper parts of the trees. The width of the tree limb damage was 20 yards. Further to the northeast, a barn sustained moderate roof damage on Woodland Road. The tornado then skipped northeast and moved into northwest Jefferson County.

Jefferson County 3 NW Oermann 31 1129CST 2 SW Byrnesville 1135CST 6.6 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado skipped northeast and moved into northwest Jefferson County. Additional medium to large tree limbs were snapped while some medium size trees were uprooted along the Dittmer-Catawissa Road or 3 miles northwest of Dittmer. As the tornado continued to skip northeast, several large trees including large pine trees were snapped at the base or uprooted on Highway NN or 3 miles north of Dittmer. The tree damage was on a ridge crest along Highway NN. The damage was rated EF1 at this location. The damage width was approximately 50 yards. The tornado moved northeast and caused minor tree damage on Dutch Creek Road 1.5 miles southwest of Byrnesville. The tornado then lifted and dissipated.

Lincoln County 3 SSE Corso 31 1130CST 2 N Silex 1138CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Hail up to one inch in diameter fell in a swath over northwestern Lincoln county. In some spots the hail was covering the ground. Jefferson County 6 W Hoene Spg 31 1133CST 1135CST 0.81 150 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado crossed Solidarity Drive from Franklin County into Jefferson County and continued to the northeast. The path narrowed as it crossed Highway F just west of Lake Cattails. The tornado finally lifted around 1135 am near the northeast corner of Lake Cattails, 2 miles southeast of Pacific. The damage along this segment consisted of snapped trees, tree limbs and downed trees, and missing or damaged shingles on a few homes.

116 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, East Jefferson County Hillsboro 31 1145CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Jefferson County 2 ENE Murphy 31 1148CST 1149CST 0.86 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado initially touched down at 11:48 AM approximately one mile east of Murphy, Missouri on W. Lakewood Drive in far northern Jefferson County. The damage path was 40 yards wide. The tornado's second touchdown occurred at the Jefferson, St. Louis County Line at Delmar Gardens on Arbor Terrace. Small trees and minor roof damage occurred at Delmar Gardens. The damage path was 50 yards wide and rated EF0. The tornado continued to the northeast into St. Louis County.

St. Louis County 1 NE Ballwin 31 1148CST 2 SE Winchester 1150CST 1.7 175 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down just northwest of the intersection of Manchester Road and Birchwood Drive. The tornado traveled to the northeast around 45 mph crossing Kehrs Mill Road, passing through the east side of the Ballwin Golf Course, then crossing Holloway Road and Baxter Road. The tornado lifted just east of the intersection of Brass Lamp Drive and Morewood Court. There were numerous occurrences of tree damage along the tornado path including snapped trees and tree branches as well as uprooted trees. Nearly three dozen homes sustained damage, although the vast majority of this damage was superficial consisting of damaged fascia, soffit and missing/damaged shingles.

St. Louis County 2 SSW St Louis Weiss Arpt 31 1149CST 1 NNW Meacham Park 1200CST 5.79 440 1 6 1.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

The tornado's second touchdown occurred at the Jefferson, St. Louis County Line at Delmar Gardens on Arbor Terrace. Small trees and minor roof damage occurred at Delmar Gardens. The damage path was 50 yards wide and rated EF0.

The tornado continued to skip northeast along Highway 30, in St. Louis County, through a large subdivision in which many homes sustained minor roof and tree damage, however three homes on the east end of the subdivision sustained both siding damage and a greater degree of roof damage. The width of the damage area was 100 yards. Damage intensity over much of the subdivision was EF0, except for the three homes, this damage intensity was rated EF1.

The tornado crossed Highway 141 just north of Highway 30. A 2007 Honda CR-V was driving northbound on Highway 141 when the tornado picked it up and slammed it sideways into a wall along the highway. The occupant, a 70 year old woman, sustained major injuries and died about eleven days later from her injuries. The tornado then hit a church, elementary school and parsonage, which sustained various degrees of damage with the parsonage having the highest degree of damage. Most of the roof was removed and one wall collapsed. Three trees sustained substantial damage in which one tree was partially debarked. Damage intensity was rated EF2 while the damage width was 100 yards.

The tornado moved through the Fenton City Park and crossed the Meramec River half mile north of Highway 30. Much of the tree damage was minor over this area. The tornado paralleled Watson Road and crossed it near Bond Road where three separate large trees damaged a house, vehicle and garage. The tornado continued northeast and crossed Interstate 270, two miles southeast of Interstate 44. Just east of I-270 the tornado paralleled Old Watson Road in which an intermittent path of damage was observed. One home northeast of I-270 sustained minor roof damage and a second home further northeast experienced shingle and tree damage. The damage over this area was rated EF1 while the damage width was 50 yards. At approximately 11:56 AM the tornado rapidly intensified as it neared Lindbergh Blvd. Many trees in Watson Trail Park were snapped or uprooted. Seven homes along Old Watson Road sustained varying degrees of damage. Peak intensity was EF3 with 145 mph winds. Two homes had the roofs removed and most of the exterior walls collapsed.

Several homes along Court Drive sustained significant damage. The worst damage occurred on the east end of Court Drive in which four homes had large portions of the roof removed and one had several walls collapsed. Damage intensity was rated EF3 with wind speeds near 150 mph. On Lindbergh Blvd, one home was completely demolished and moved less than 50 yards from the foundation. A brick veneer garage was also destroyed by the tornado. Further north on Lindbergh a medical facility also sustained heavy damage. Damage over this area was rated EF3, but the demolished home was rated high-end EF3. Damage over this area was a quarter of a mile wide. The tornado crossed Lindbergh near Court Drive and crossed over a strip mall. Two cars and a delivery truck were tipped over in the parking lot. Several windows were blown in on the stores in the strip mall and a greenhouse behind and adjacent to the mall suffered roof and water pipe damage. The tornado made a turn to the east-northeast and crossed the east end of Woodfox Drive. About a dozen pine trees along the east end of Woodfox Drive were blown over, all lying to the north. Eight homes on Woodfox Drive suffered roof damage and several trees were either pushed over or snapped off about halfway up the trunk. The tornado crossed Woodpark Drive were it caused roof damage to three more homes and downed a large oak tree. One home had the roof lifted and partially removed. The damage path width from Woodfox to Woodpark was 300 yards wide and was rated EF1.

117 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, East

The tornado then turned a bit to the northeast and crossed Eggeling Lane and Gladlea Drive. On Eggeling Lane, four homes suffered roof damage and several trees were downed. On Gladlea Drive, three homes suffered roof damage and several more trees were downed. This damage path was 150 yards wide and rated EF0. The tornado crossed East Watson between Lynn Lane, Watson Woods Court, and Kathy Court. On Lynn Lane, a couple of trees were snapped off and two homes suffered roof damage and had windows blown in. This portion of the damage path was 100 yards wide and rated EF1.

The tornado crossed over Kathy Court and Fern Glen Drive. Some large tree branches were broken which took down some power lines. This damage was rated EF0 and the damage path was 100 yards wide.

The tornado continued northeast and crossed the area near Maebern Terrace, Sturdy Drive and Crestwood Lane. At Sturdy and Maebern Terrace, two homes suffered roof damage with one home having the roof lifted and partially removed. A couple of large trees were also downed in this area. This damage was EF1 and 100 yards wide. The tornado continued northeast to Watson Road with minor tree and roof damage noted. Six power poles were pushed over along Watson Road. The tornado continued northeast with additional damage to trees and roofs until it weakened and lifted at the intersection of Rayburn Avenue and S. Sappington Road. F70VE Jefferson County Barnhart 31 1150CST Imperial 1159CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.50)

Jefferson County Herculaneum 31 1157CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew down numerous large tree limbs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. St. Louis (c) County 3 N Carondelet 31 1205CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52MG)

Sixty mile per hour winds measured at the intersection of Chippewa Street and S. Kingshighway Blvd.

Note: The measured wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. St. Louis (c) County St Louis 31 1208CST 1211CST 2.71 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down near the intersection of North Taylor Avenue and Washington Avenue in the Lewis Place neighborhood. It traveled to the northeast around 50 mph through The Ville and North Riverfront neighborhoods, then lifted just north of Fairground Park. Numerous homes sustained roof damage, with several homes sustaining near total loss of their roofs. Severe thunderstorms developed ahead of a strong cold front, triggering numerous showers and thunderstorms. A number of tornadoes were reported as well as damaging winds and large hail.

MISSOURI, Lower

MOZ113-115 Dunklin - Pemiscot 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Below normal rainfall continued during the month of November across the Missouri Bootheel. The lack of rainfall continued extreme (D3) drought conditions across the Missouri Bootheel. The biggest impact from the drought were hydrological concerns as many lake and river levels remained at low levels.

MOZ115 Pemiscot 15 0500CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system developed over the Southern Plains during the late evening hours of December 14th, 2010. The system moved east into the Mid-South during the early morning hours of December 15th, 2010 and continued throughout the morning. Precipitation associated with the system fell in the form of freezing rain as temperatures had dropped to 32 degrees or just slightly below. Ice accumulations were generally less than a tenth of an inch and was mainly confined to elevated surfaces. However many bridges and overpasses became icy causing numerous accidents. By afternoon, precipitation either tapered off or changed over to rain as temperatures rose to above freezing.

118 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Northeast MOZ009-010 Clark - Scotland 11 2100CST 12 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A blizzard struck portions of eastern Iowa and western Illinois on December 11-12, 2010. A strong upper level disturbance and powerful jet stream began diving out of the northern Rockies. Low pressure then formed across the northern Plains and tracked into western Iowa. This cyclone then intensified considerably as it pushed into northern Illinois. Even though snowfall was generally only in the 1 to 4 inch range, strong winds gusting to 40 to 50 mph generated blizzard conditions in some locations. In extreme northeast Missouri only an inch or two of snow fell along with some blowing and drifting.

24 1000CST 25 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MOZ010 Clark 24 1000CST 25 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A timely snowstorm brought picture perfect conditions to much of the Midwest for Christmas Eve into Christmas Day. A strong warm front was located from western Iowa to western Kentucky with strong warm air advection producing several bands of moderate to heavy snowfall. Accumulations were at least 5 inches in many locations, but ranged from a foot of snow in portions of northeast Iowa to about 3 to 4 inches in extreme northeast Missouri.

MISSOURI, Southeast

MOZ086-100-107> Bollinger - Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - Mississippi - New Madrid - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard - 112-114 Wayne 01 0000CST 24 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe to extreme drought lingered across extreme southern parts of Missouri, mainly along the Arkansas border from Doniphan to New Madrid. Moderate drought extended as far north as a line from Van Buren to Sikeston. Elsewhere in southeast Missouri, the drought ended in December. Subsoil moisture remained low. For the year 2010, most locations ended the year with precipitation deficits of 10 to 13 inches. The long-term moisture deficits were reflected in below normal streamflows on some waterways. Agricultural impacts were minimal since the growing season ended in the fall.

MOZ076-086-100- Bollinger - Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - New Madrid - Perry - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard - Wayne 107>111-114 15 1100CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system tracked eastward across western Tennessee. A warm front lifted northward ahead of this system, causing freezing rain. Less than one-tenth inch of glaze formed on most surfaces, including trees and power lines. The main impact was on travel. Roads became extremely hazardous due to ice. Many schools were closed. The greatest impact was along and south of a line from Sikeston (Scott County) to Van Buren (Carter County), where light freezing rain during the midday hours immediately coated roads with ice. In Stoddard County, one person was injured when her vehicle crashed and overturned on U.S. Highway 60 about a mile east of Dexter. Three other accidents in Stoddard County resulted in one injury apiece. Two of the accidents were on U.S. Highway 60, and the other was on Missouri Highway 25. One of the injuries was serious. In Butler County, one person was injured in a wreck on a bridge on Highway B. Highway PP was closed west of Poplar Bluff when more than a dozen vehicles ended up in ditches, including a state salt truck. Vehicles could not make it up a hill on Highway PP. A police cruiser slid into a ditch on Highway PP. Near Canalou in New Madrid County, there were roll-over accidents due to ice on Highway H. Dozens of cars slid off U.S. Highway 60 between Poplar Bluff and Ellsinore. Perry County sheriff dispatchers reported a very high number of accidents. From Cape Girardeau to Marble Hill, temperatures rose to around freezing about the time the precipitation began. This resulted in less serious travel problems from Cape Girardeau to Marble Hill.

MOZ076-086-111 Bollinger - Cape Girardeau - Perry - Scott 24 0700CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weak low pressure system moved eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Eve, reaching the Southeast states during the overnight hours. At the same time, a rather strong upper level disturbance moved southeast across the central Plains. This combination of systems resulted in widespread snowfall across parts of southeast Missouri. Average snowfall amounts were two to three inches from the Cape Girardeau area north and northwest, including Perryville and Jackson. Roads became slick and hazardous, causing an increase in accidents.

119 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southeast Carter County 4 E Chilton 31 1324CST 5 NW Ellsinore 1330CST 2.63 200 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado touched down near County Road 223, where a tin roof was peeled up on a small outbuilding. A gate and fence were blown about 50 feet. The tornado reached its maximum width and its peak intensity as it crossed County Road 225. This is where a permanent home suffered partial wall and roof loss, a mobile home was blown 15 feet off its foundation, and over one hundred trees were uprooted. The residents of the mobile home took refuge in the laundry room, which was the only room not destroyed. Residents of both homes were provided food and shelter by the Red Cross. A large oak tree fell on a vehicle, causing major damage to the vehicle. Two other vehicles were damaged by debris. A shed and outbuildings were destroyed. A bicycle was blown up into a tree. A twin-pole high voltage transmission tower was partially blown over. The tornado crossed U.S. Highway 60, then struck a sawmill on Highway FF. The 40-by-100 foot sawmill was destroyed. None of the eight workers in the sawmill were injured, possibly because they jumped into a sawdust pit. A home near the sawmill lost part of its roof (less than 20 percent), and dozens of large trees were uprooted. As the tornado crossed County Road 327, a few more trees were blown down. Part of a metal roof from a small barn was blown into a tree. Due to damage to the high-voltage transmission lines, over 1,500 customers from Van Buren to Ellsinore were without power for up to four hours. A National Weather Service damage survey confirmed a convergent signature to the debris pattern. A person in the area reported witnessing the tornado. Peak winds in this tornado were estimated near 120 mph.

Butler County 6 NNE Stringtown 31 1425CST 6 W Hillard 1426CST 0.24 100 0 0 250.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado briefly touched down in the vicinity of a residence along County Road 421. About one-third of the roof of the well -built residence was removed, landing about 1,000 feet away in a field. Seven people were in the residence at the time. They were not in the basement, but nobody was injured. Other damage consisted of several uprooted and snapped trees, shingles off a small shed, a damaged antenna tower, and damaged fences. A National Weather Service damage survey indicated a convergent orientation to the debris. Peak winds in this tornado were estimated around 120 mph. The average path width was 50 yards.

Mississippi County 10 S Bertrand 31 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A trained spotter reported a rotating funnel cloud. A pre-frontal line of thunderstorms developed ahead of a cold front over western Missouri. The broken line of storms extended southwestward across southeast Missouri. Isolated bowing segments and supercells were embedded within portions of the line. The storms existed within a narrow axis of marginal instability with mixed layer capes at or below 500 j/kg. A low level jet axis along the Mississippi River provided more than sufficient vertical wind shear for embedded supercells with isolated tornadoes.

MISSOURI, Southwest Stone County 2 NW Blue Eye 30 2319CST 2324CST 0.25 30 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The Stone County Office of Emergency Management surveyed damage from a tornado approximately three miles south- southeast of Lampe. There was minor damage to one frame home and one mobile home. There was damage to two large farm gas tanks, a stock trailer, and an outbuilding. The peak wind speeds were estimated at 65 miles per hour.

Stone County 3 E Lampe 30 2326CST 4 S Notch 2340CST 3.15 300 0 0 2.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The NWS storm survey revealed that a strong EF-1 tornado impacted the eastern shore line of the Highway DD peninsula. This tornado crossed six different coves, damaging or destroying 11 boat docks. There were approximately 25 boats that were either damaged or destroyed. Approximately 60 homes experienced minor to moderate roof damage. One well built brick home had lost its entire roof. This home was located in the Trails End community. The peak wind speeds were estimated at 110 miles per hour.

Stone County 4 S Notch 31 0017CST 0022CST 1.75 75 0 0 750.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

120 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southwest

An EF-0 tornado touched down along the southern point of the Indian Point peninsula. The tornado impacted a neighborhood with frame homes prior to damaging the eastern shore ling of the peninsula. Four coves were affected by this tornado damaging approximately six boat docks and four boats . These boat docks had mainly open slips. There was damaged to one boat dock at Rock Lane Resort. The peak wind speeds were estimated at 70 miles per hour.

Christian County 3 W Bruner 31 0018CST 3 N Abadyl 0038CST 5.27 250 0 2 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A NWS survey team confirmed an EF-1 tornado. The width of the tornado varied from 50 to 250 yards wide starting in Christian County and continuing into Webster County. The estimated wind speeds ranged from 80 to 105 miles per hour. One trailer home was spun 180 degrees and displaced 150 yards. A large barn was severely damaged, losing its roof with several collapsed walls. There were numerous trees snapped and uprooted. There were many trees blown down across roadways along the damage path. There were numerous outbuildings damaged and destroyed.

Webster County 3 WSW Olga 31 0031CST 0038CST 3.1 150 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A NWS survey team confirmed the EF-1 tornado that touched down in Christian County diminished to EF-0 intensity as it tracked into Webster County. There were numerous trees uprooted and outbuildings damaged.

Stone County 2 NNW Notch 31 0035CST 0040CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A trained spotter reported power flashes near Branson West via of the local media.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Webster County 1 ESE Niangua Jct 31 0055CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Laclede County 3 N Lebanon 31 0110CST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Lightning

A lightning strike struck a large two story home just north of Lebanon. The resultant fire burned down the home and was a complete lost. Laclede County 1 ENE Drynob 31 0131CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Pulaski County 1 S Richland Muni Arpt 31 0136CST 0138CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

The Laclede County Emergency Management Office estimated a 60 mile per hour wind gust.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pulaski County 1 SE Dixon 31 0204CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Pulaski County 1 SE Dixon 31 0204CST 0206CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

The public reported a 65 mile per hour wind gust. Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

121 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southwest Stone County 1 W Blue Eye 31 0750CST 0757CST 2.25 50 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

An EF-0 tornado touched down in Carrol County, Arkansas and moved into Stone County, Missouri. This tornado caused damage near an open field southwest of the intersection of Highway 86 and Highway 13 north of Blue Eye. The tornado knocked down several trees while destroying a carport at a residence. The tornado lifted as it was crossing Highway 13. The peak wind speeds were estimated at 65 miles per hour.

Christian County 1 NNE Nixa 31 0755CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Greene County 2 SSW Turners 31 0807CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Polk County 2 NNW Burns 31 0837CST 2 SSE Violet 0841CST 1 50 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A NWS survry team determined that an EF-0 tornado briefly touched down and caused an intermittent damage path. The path extended from near the intersection of Country Roads 155 and 430 to near the intersection of County Roads 170 and 420. The damage from this tornado was sparse due to its weak intensity and it tracked mainly across open fields. Three structures suffered minor damage, including a portion of a roof removed from one home.

Webster County 2 WNW Bracken 31 0842CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Wright County 1 S Mansfield 31 0905CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Wright County 4 S Hartville 31 0905CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (2.75)

Wright County 1 S Mansfield 31 0910CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Wright County 1 E Green Mtn 31 0925CST 0930CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Amateur radio operator reported structure damage 5 miles north of Dawson.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pulaski County Buckhorn 31 0932CST 0937CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

There was a funnel cloud reported south of Buckhorn near the intersection of Highway 17 and Cannon Range Road.

Pulaski County 2 W Bloodland 31 0943CST 3 ENE (TBN)Ft Leonard Wood 1003CST 7.5 500 0 4 90.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

A NWS storm survey team determined that a tornado occurred over Fort Leonard Wood. Numerous homes were destroyed on the east side of the base. Several homes suffered complete wall damage. A total of 159 homes were damaged with 41 destroyed and 32 others with significant damage. Extensive to moderate damage occurred to numerous military training areas, moderate damage occurred to installation utility systems, and extensive damage occurred in one installation family housing area. The water treatment plant on the base was severely damage which completely lost its second level of the building. The tornado disrupted the base's power supply system, shut off the water system, and damaged gas lines on the base.

122 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southwest

An EF-3 tornado passing by the Fort Leonard Wood airport on December 31, 2010. Phelps County 2 ENE Rolla Downtown Arpt 31 1006CST 3 WNW Flag Spgs 1026CST 11 500 2 6 1.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

A NWS survey team determined that an EF-3 tornado occurred north of Rolla. The heaviest damage occurred between state Highway E and County Road 8040. Two single wide mobile homes were completely destroyed with debris thrown upstream while the frames were detached. Two fatalities occurred in one of these homes. A two story home had all but its interior walls destroyed. Several cars were thrown with one vehicle thrown over the destroyed home. Minor to moderate roof and tree damage occurred at various locations near the starting point to Highway 63 north of Rolla. There was primarily tree damage between Highway 63 and Highway 68. F69MH, F64MH

Dent County 1 ESE Lecoma 31 1012CST 1 WNW Lake Spg 1016CST 1.23 100 2 0 450.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The NWS survey team determined that an EF-1 tornado occurred. The tornado was estimated to be 100 yards wide along County Road 2050 near Lecoma with estimated winds of 90 to 100 mph. The tornado tracked approximately 1.5 miles before entering into rural Phelps County. Several structures had extensive damage or were destroyed along its path including a mobile home near Lecoma where 2 fatalities occurred. F21MH, F64MH

Phelps County 1 NNW Northwye 31 1016CST 1021CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

Law enforcement reported a funnel cloud one mile north of Rolla.

Phelps County 5 W Seaton 31 1016CST 2 WSW Austria 1032CST 5.55 440 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The NWS survey team determined that the EF-1 tornado that touched down and caused two fatalities near Lecoma in Dent County tracked into southern Phelps County where it enlarged to around a quarter mile wide near County Road 179. The tornado ended around County Road 154 as an EF-0 about 50 yards wide. The tornado downed several trees and damaged power lines in Phelps County. Between the evening of the 30th and the morning of the 31st, two separate lines of thunderstorms produced significant severe weather across southwest Missouri including damaging wind, large hail, and deadly tornadoes. The first round of storms lifted out of Arkansas late on the evening of the 30th and the second round moved out of western Kansas shortly before daybreak on the 31st.

123 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, Central

MTZ010 Eastern Glacier 08 1246MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Deep surface low pressure moving across southern Alberta contributed to high winds over Glacier County. Wind gusts to 66 mph were reported.

MTZ009-048 North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 09 1200MST 10 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MTZ011-013-045- Blaine - Chouteau - Hill - Liberty 047 10 0856MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Pacific moisture combined with a cold airmass over North-Central Montana to produce areas of heavy snow and gusty winds. Snowfall amounts of 6 to 8 inches were reported.

MTZ009-048 Eastern Glacier - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front

12 0045MST 1529MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong westerly flow aloft produced high winds along the Rocky Mountain Front. Wind gusts in excess of 60 mph were reported.

MTZ012-050-054 Cascade - Fergus - Judith Basin - Meagher 19 1900MST 20 1020MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Pacific moisture moved over a cold airmass east of the continental divide and produced areas of heavy snow. Snowfall amounts up to a foot were reported. Cascade County Great Falls 20 1358MST 30 1141MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Ice jamming on the Missouri River in Great Falls caused minor flooding of Lower River Road. A portion of the road was closed for several days. Ice jamming of portions of the Missouri River caused minor flooding within the City of Great Falls. A segment of Lower River Drive in Great Falls was closed.

MTZ015-044-053> Broadwater - Gallatin - Madison - Meagher - Toole 055 28 0300MST 30 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MTZ009>014-045> Blaine - Cascade - Chouteau - Eastern Glacier - Eastern Pondera - Eastern Teton - Fergus - Hill - Judith 051 Basin - Liberty - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Lewis and Clark - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 29 0500MST 30 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Pacific moisture and cold Canadian air met over North Central Montana and produced a widespread snow event. Snow amounts in excess of 6 inches were common across the area.

124 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, East MTZ017-024-061 Central and Southern Valley - Northern Valley - Richland 05 0000MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Freezing Fog

Several days of freezing fog accumulated on power lines across the area. Minor power pole damage was noted due to the accumulation of rime ice.

MTZ016-020-024- Central and Southeast Phillips - Central and Southern Valley - Eastern Roosevelt - Little Rocky 059>060-062 Mountains - Northern Phillips - Richland - Western Roosevelt 10 0700MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An arctic front dropped south across the area early in the day with a Pacific disturbance overrunning moisture up and over the frontal boundary to bring a west to east band of snowfall across the area. 6 to 8 inches of snow in a narrow band fell from central Phillips east along Highway 2 to eastern Roosevelt county. Strong easterly winds created significant impacts on east/west roadways. Severe driving conditions and automobile accidents occurred. Many school districts in Valley and Roosevelt counties dismissed students early with afternoon and evening events being cancelled.

MTZ024-062 Eastern Roosevelt - Richland 14 1700MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

MTZ017-020 Central and Southern Valley - Western Roosevelt 14 1700MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MTZ019 Sheridan 14 2000MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

A mild and moist Pacific airmass moved up and over a colder airmass at the surface. Temperatures in many areas were below freezing where the rainfall occurred. Automobile accidents and road closures occurred in many areas in Valley, Roosevelt, Richland and Sheridan counties.

MTZ016>020-022> Central and Southeast Phillips - Central and Southern Valley - Daniels - Dawson - Eastern Roosevelt - 025-059-061>062 Garfield - McCone - Northern Phillips - Northern Valley - Richland - Sheridan - Western Roosevelt

20 0000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm A strong, moist subtropical jet stream overran an arctic front to bring a west to east strip of heavy snow across northeast Montana. Amounts close to a foot were common from Glasgow east to Richland county.

29 0500MST 30 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MTZ017>027-060> Central and Southern Valley - Daniels - Dawson - Eastern Roosevelt - Garfield - Little Rocky Mountains - 062 McCone - Northern Valley - Petroleum - Prairie - Richland - Sheridan - Western Roosevelt - Wibaux

29 0500MST 30 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MTZ016-020>021- Central and Southeast Phillips - Central and Southern Valley - Eastern Roosevelt - Little Rocky 023-026-060>062 Mountains - McCone - Northern Valley - Petroleum - Prairie - Western Roosevelt 29 1423MST 30 0338MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A pacific storm and an arctic cold front clashed over northeast Montana on December 29th to bring heavy snow to much of the area that continued into the night. North winds and and an arctic airmass on the backside of the system brought blizzard conditions in some places and dangerous windchills late on the 29th that lasted into the 30th.

125 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, South MTZ067 Absarokee/Beartooth Mountains 02 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 03 A moist Pacific flow brought heavy snow to the Beartooth and Absaroka Mountains.

MTZ029-035-040- Golden Valley - Livingston Area - Musselshell - Northern Park County - Yellowstone 042-065 29 0500MST 30 0238MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MTZ036 Powder River 30 1400MST 31 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An upper low pressure system developed over the Central Rockies and allowed a cold air mass to drop south out of Canada. The system was followed by a very moist and strong westerly flow aloft.

MONTANA, West

MTZ005-043 Bitterroot/Sapphire Mountains - Missoula/Bitterroot Valleys - Potomac/Seeley Lake Region

20 0010MST 0800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A mid level circulation developed overnight as a surface low deepened over central Idaho. The placement of the low, in combination with a plume of Pacific moisture was a favorable set up for snow across western Montana and north central Idaho.

MTZ001-004 Kootenai/Cabinet Region - Lower Clark Fork Region 27 2200MST 29 1744MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ006-043 Bitterroot/Sapphire Mountains - Potomac/Seeley Lake Region 28 0700MST 29 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ003 Flathead/Mission Valleys 29 0300MST 1229MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ005 Missoula/Bitterroot Valleys 29 0800MST 1430MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful Pacific storm system with abundant moisture interacted with a very cold arctic air mass to produce heavy snow with areas of blowing snow and very cold wind chill temperatures.

MTZ006 Bitterroot/Sapphire Mountains 29 1600MST 2000MST 1 1 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche

An avalance swept away 3 skiers when they were sking outside of the ski area boundaries. ??OU

126 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, Central

NEZ004-022>024- Arthur - Chase - Deuel - Garden - Grant - Hooker - Keith - Lincoln - McPherson - Perkins - Sheridan - 035>036-056>059- Western Cherry 069-094 30 1800MST 31 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An upper level storm system tracking from eastern Colorado into central Nebraska brought significant snowfall to western and north central Nebraska. Strong northwest winds resulted in blowing and drifting snow and reduced visibility. Snowfall amounts ranged from 5 to 10 inches over most locations.

NEZ004-022>024- Garden - Grant - Hooker - Sheridan - Western Cherry 094 30 2200MST 31 2345MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An upper level storm system tracking from southwest Nebraska into northeast Nebraska brought snowfall accumulations of 6 to 10 inches with blizzard conditions to portions of western Nebraska on December 31st. Strong northwest winds of 30 to 40 mph caused significant blowing and drifting snow across Garden, Grant, Hooker, Sheridan, and Western Cherry county with drifts up to 5 feet and frequently visibilities below a quarter mile.

NEZ037 Logan 30 2300CST 31 2345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NEZ005>008-010- Blaine - Boyd - Brown - Custer - Eastern Cherry - Garfield - Holt - Keya Paha - Loup - Wheeler 026>029-038 31 0130CST 2345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An upper level storm system tracking from eastern Colorado into central Nebraska brought significant snowfall to western and north central Nebraska. Strong northwest winds resulted in blowing and drifting snow and reduced visibility. Snowfall amounts ranged from 5 to 10 inches over most locations.

NEBRASKA, East

NEZ011-015>018- Antelope - Burt - Cedar - Cuming - Knox - Madison - Pierce - Stanton - Thurston - Wayne 031>034 11 0500CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ030 Boone 11 1100CST 1400CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NEZ044-051>053- Cass - Dodge - Douglas - Sarpy - Saunders - Washington 067 11 1200CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ066 Lancaster 11 1915CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

NEZ011-016>018- Antelope - Cedar - Knox - Madison - Pierce - Wayne 031 11 2200CST 12 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

NEZ015-032-033 Cuming - Stanton - Thurston 12 0000CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

127 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, East

Blizzard conditions developed over eastern Nebraska and adjacent portions of South Dakota and Iowa on Dec. 11 as an upper level low pressure developed rapidly over eastern Nebraska during the very early morning hours of that day. The upper low then dropped into south central Iowa causing surface low pressure to spin-up over northeast Nebraska and then track southeast across Iowa. Arctic air spilling in behind the system combined with the developing storm to produce the blizzard conditions as northwest winds of 30 to 40 mph with gusts over 50 mph were common over the area along with snowfall of 2 to 5 inches. Higher snow amounts were observed from southeast South Dakota into Minnesota and northern Iowa. However, the 2 to 5 inches of snow across much of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, and the strong winds present, were enough to produce white-out conditions and to close some highways in northeast Nebraska. Heavier snow totals included 5 inches in Neligh and Bloomfield Nebraska and near Little Sioux Iowa, 4 inches at the NWS in Valley and 3 inches in Fremont Nebraska and Harlan Iowa. Temperatures which fell from the single digits to around zero or a little below late on the 11th and into the 12th combined with the strong winds to lower wind chill values to 20 below or a little colder, mainly in northeast Nebraska.

NEZ016-032-042> Antelope - Butler - Colfax - Dodge - Lancaster - Platte - Sarpy - Seward - Stanton 044-050-053-065> 066 15 1300CST 2000CST 0 0 Winter Weather

A weak and relatively fast-moving weather disturbance brought a quick shot of freezing rain, sleet and snow to sections of eastern Nebraska on December 15th. Although ice accumulations were very light, and any snow accumulations were an inch or less, the combination fell from mid afternoon into early evening and caused numerous accidents in the area.

NEZ011-015>018- Antelope - Butler - Cedar - Knox - Madison - Pierce - Seward - Thurston - Wayne 031-050-065 31 1800CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

As a storm system lifted northeast toward the upper Great Lakes region, cold Arctic air wrapping around it brought dangerously cold wind chill Values to eastern Nebraska New Year's Eve and early New Years Day. Temperatures dropped into the single digits below and above zero and when combined with southwest winds of 15 to 25 mph, wind chill values of 20 below to 25 below zero prevailed for several hours. Cloud patches and slightly milder air further wrapped around the system bringing moderating readings New Year's morning.

NEBRASKA, Extreme Northeast

NEZ013-014 Dakota - Dixon 11 0300CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Snowfall ranging from 3 to 5 inches was accompanied by sustained northwest winds which reached 40 mph at times, with gusts as high as 55 mph. The snowfall, strong winds, and existing snow cover resulted in widespread blizzard conditions. Travel was made impossible in much of the area. There were several accidents and vehicles going into ditches, attributed to slick roads and low visibilities. Several motorists were stranded. Businesses were forced to close, and several school and other weekend activities were canceled or postponed.

NEBRASKA, South Central

NEZ062 Hall 11 0633CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind This Saturday featured one of the first powerful cold fronts of the winter season across South Central Nebraska, as a deep, vertically-stacked low pressure system slowly lumbered from eastern Nebraska into Iowa over the course of the day. The combination of intense low-level cold air advection, and a tight surface pressure gradient between the low pressure center and a strong surface high building southward through the Northern Plains resulted in several hours of strong northwest winds, especially during the morning and early afternoon hours. While most all of South Central Nebraska observed frequent wind gusts between 45-57 MPH, the Central Nebraska Regional Airport in Grand Island recorded a 62 MPH gust during the pre- dawn hours, marking the strongest measured gust of the day.

NEZ064 York 15 1800CST 16 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

128 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, South Central

A narrow east to west oriented corridor of light wintry precipitation worked from north to south across most of South Central Nebraska on this Wednesday, mainly between the mid-afternoon and mid-evening hours. While many locations west of the Highway 281 corridor remained just warm enough to keep the precipitation type as liquid rain, slightly colder temperatures to the east resulted in primarily a mix of freezing drizzle, light freezing rain and a dusting of snow. Some of the most-concentrated icing focused along and near the Interstate 80 corridor within the first few hours after nightfall. As roads became covered in a thin layer of ice, several traffic accidents resulted. Along the Interstate in far eastern York County, a collision between a car and semi-trailer killed two people, marking the 5th and 6th weather-related traffic fatalities in York County in less than a month. This light wintry precipitation event was largely driven by a modest zone of low-mid level frontogenesis, tied to the left exit region of a 120 knot upper level jet streak pushing into the region from the Central Rockies.

Hall County 4 NW Doniphan 18 0600CST 4 SE Wood River 27 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The latter half of December featured prolonged issues with ice jam flooding along the Platte River in southern Hall County. Flood Advisories or Flood Warnings were in effect for parts of the area nearly non-stop from the 19th through the 31st. Some of the worst flooding concentrated along a 5-8 mile stretch of the river near Alda, including the Shoemaker Island area and just west of the Amick Acres subdivision near Doniphan. At least one home was evacuated along South 60th Road on the 19th. On the 26th, another home was evacuated along Highway 11 south of Wood River as the ice jamming and associated impacts gradually expanded farther west with time. Otherwise, there was considerable flooding of pastures and lowlands near the Platte, and closures of at least a few roads. Some of the worst road damage focused along Shoemaker Island Road, about 1 mile south of the Alda Interstate 80 interchange, where a 3-4 foot deep hole was reported from floodwaters.

NEZ060-072-082> Dawson - Furnas - Gosper - Harlan - Phelps 083 30 2300CST 31 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NEZ039>041-046> Adams - Buffalo - Clay - Fillmore - Franklin - Greeley - Hall - Hamilton - Howard - Kearney - Merrick - 049-061>064-074> Nance - Nuckolls - Polk - Sherman - Thayer - Valley - Webster - York 077-084>087 31 0000CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

After a remarkably snow-free start to winter, the last few days of 2010 finally brought the first widespread accumulations of the season to South Central Nebraska, as a powerful upper level low pressure system tracked across the region, following a path from northeast Colorado to southeast South Dakota. The first piece of this storm affected northwest sections of South Central Nebraska on Thursday the 30th with very light snow and freezing rain. However, the main event impacted the area during the pre-dawn and daytime hours on Friday, New Year's Eve, with accumulating snow ending in most places by early afternoon. Storm total snowfall varied from southeast to northwest, ranging from only around 1 inch in the Hebron and York areas, up into the 4-6 inch range along a corridor including Cozad, Ord and Greeley. In between, the majority of South Central Nebraska tallied between 1-3 inches. Due to the fact that the main part of the storm tracked west-northwest of the area, the heaviest snow, strongest winds, and worst visibilities focused across northern and western Nebraska into the Dakotas, where blizzard conditions were reported.

NEBRASKA, West

NEZ020 Banner 03 1442MST 1443MST 0 0 High Wind

Strong upper level winds in the upper levels of the atmosphere, combined with a strong pressure difference, lead to strong winds developing across the area.

NEZ054 Kimball 10 1630MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Very strong winds were expected to develop between low pressure to the east and strong high pressure to the west.

NEZ002-019>021- Banner - Box Butte - Cheyenne - Dawes - Kimball - Morrill - North Sioux - Scotts Bluff - South Sioux 054>055-095>096 30 0000MST 31 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

129 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, West

A strong storm system moved off the Pacific Northwest coast and into the central Rockies and then moved northeast over the northern plains. This system produced heavy snow, strong winds and blizzard conditions across portions of southeast Wyoming and the western Nebraska panhandle.

NEVADA, North

NVZ031 North Elko County 14 2000PST 15 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm brought 6 to 11 inches of snow across portions of northern Elko County.

NVZ035 White Pine 20 0100PST 21 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Very moist pacific air produced very heavy snows across White Pine County, especially the southeastern half. Snowfall of 1 to 2 feet were common in the valleys with nearly 3 feet in some of the mountains.

NVZ030-034 Humboldt - North Elko County - Ruby Mountains/east Humboldt Range

28 1500PST 29 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm brought heavy snow to northern Nevada above 6000 feet.

NEVADA, South

NVZ019 Spring Mountains 19 0200PST 22 1600PST 0 0 500.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NVZ014-015 Esmeraldo/Central Nye - Lincoln County except the Sheep Range

19 1400PST 1545PST 0 1 15.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Clark County 4 E Mount Charleston 19 1540PST 1630PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A small mudslide carried debris into one lane of Kyle Canyon Road.

Clark County Red Rock Canyon 19 1900PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Two people and a dog were rescued after getting stuck behind flooded washes.

NVZ019 Spring Mountains 19 2234PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Clark County 5 ENE Red Rock Canyon 20 1400PST 21 0800PST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding closed Highway 159 as well as the Red Rock Canyon Scenic Drive.

130 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEVADA, South Clark County 2 WNW Blue Diamond 20 1715PST 2100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Bonnie Springs Road and Arroyo Road were closed due to flooding.

NVZ015 Lincoln County except the Sheep Range 20 1800PST 21 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Clark County 3 W Mountain Spgs 20 2248PST 21 0100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Mud flowed onto Highway 160 near mile marker 22. Lincoln County 1 SE Elgin 21 1000PST 22 1600PST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding washed out portions of Highway 317 through Rainbow Canyon, as well as Kane Springs Road.

Clark County 2 ENE Mesquite 21 1200PST 23 1800PST 0 0 1.00M 0.00K Flood

Flooding on the Virgin River damaged a golf course and two homes in Mesquite, as well as a diversion dam for an irrigation canal and 200 feet of reinforced concrete pipes which served as the outlet from a detention basin.

Clark County 3 NW Bracken 22 0400PST 1100PST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy rain caused major damage to the Opportunity Village Magical Forest Christmas display.

Clark County 6 NNW Las Vegas N Air Term 22 0500PST 0900PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Mud and rocks washed onto portions of Grand Teton Drive between Buffalo Drive and Decatur Boulevard. Several inches of water also covered portions of Farm Road. Clark County 6 WNW Moapa 22 0900PST 24 0000PST 0 0 500.00K 0.00K Flood

The Pahranagat Wash and Muddy River both flooded. Warm Springs Road near Moapa was flooded 2-3 feet deep, a foot of water flowed through the intersection of Gubler and Heyer streets in Logandale, Northshore Drive was flooded west of Overton Beach, water 6 feet deep flowed across Cooper Street in Overton, and the Muddy River crested 7.3 feet above flood stage in Glendale. Cooper Street was closed until December 28th.

Nye County 3 NW Pahrump 22 0930PST 1430PST 0 0 750.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Numerous roads were flooded. There was significant damage to one road and portions of the sewer system.

131 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEVADA, South Clark County 5 ENE Boulder City 22 1500PST 1700PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water, rocks and mud covered Highway 93 near the Hacienda Casino.

Clark County 9 W Overton Echo Bay Arp 22 1500PST 3 NNW Echo Bay 1800PST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Nearly every wash in Valley of Fire State Park flowed over roads, covering them with rocks and mud. The park was closed for a day while equipment cleared and graded the roads. Lincoln County 2 WSW Delmues 22 1500PST 2100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Echo Canyon State Park and Spring Valley State Park were closed due to flooding.

Lincoln County 2 W Barclay 22 1500PST 2100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Two to three feet of water from Clover Creek covered a road.

NVZ019 Spring Mountains 23 0230PST 0330PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche

A series of storms fueled by a tropical moisture tap pounded the Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin for several days. Extremely heavy snow and widespread flooding resulted.

29 0500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 30

NVZ014-019 Esmeraldo/Central Nye - Spring Mountains 29 1450PST 1834PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A Pacific storm produced areas of high winds over the Owens Valley and Mojave Desert, and locally heavy snow in the mountains.

NEVADA, West

NVZ003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area 14 0200PST 1400PST 0 0 0.1K 0.00K Strong Wind

NVZ002 Greater Lake Tahoe Area 14 0500PST 15 0100PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Weather

NVZ001 Mineral/Southern Lyon 14 0900PST 1930PST 0 2 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A system driving into the Pacific Northwest dragged a cold front through northeast California and western Nevada on the 14th and 15th. This brought gusty winds along with a moderate Sierra snowfall and a light snowfall for some lower elevations.

132 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEVADA, West NVZ003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area 17 0600PST 18 0100PST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

NVZ002 Greater Lake Tahoe Area 17 0700PST 20 1200PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

NVZ003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area 19 1100PST 1530PST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Very cold low pressure remained off the Pacific Northwest coast for several days bringing very heavy snow to the Sierra and periods of strong winds.

NVZ002 Greater Lake Tahoe Area 28 1500PST 29 0800PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

NVZ001-003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area - Mineral/Southern Lyon

28 1900PST 0800PST 0 0 0.2K 0.00K Strong Wind

An upper low moved from the Pacific Northwest coast to eastern Nevada from the morning of the 29th to the 30th.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, North and Central

NHZ003-005 Northern Grafton - Southern Grafton 01 1530EST 1547EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds downed trees in Coos and Grafton Counties in New Hampshire on the 1st of December. A wind gust of 56 mph was measured by a trained spotter in Whitefield. Carroll County Conway 02 0321EST 1131EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused minor flooding on the Saco River at Conway (flood stage 9.0 ft) which crested at 9.9 ft.

A cold front produced 1.5 to 2.5 inches of precipitation which caused minor flooding on the Saco River.

NHZ001 Northern Coos 06 0600EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A persistent and quasi-stationary area of low pressure near northern Maine brought upslope snows to the mountains of northern Coos County on the 6th and 7th of the month. Snowfall amounts from about 6 to about 10 inches during the two days with most of the snow falling during the day on the 6th.

Grafton County 1 NE Maplewood 13 0434EST 0740EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Ammonoosuc River at Bethlehem (flood stage 8.0 ft) which crested at 8.2 ft.

133 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW HAMPSHIRE, North and Central Carroll County Conway 13 0536EST 1806EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding on the Saco River at Conway (flood stage 9.0 ft) which crested at 10.8 ft.

A strong area of low pressure moved northeast out of the Ohio River valley spreading heavy rain and warm temperatures into the region. Temperatures warmed into the 50s with 1 to 3 inches of rainfall. The combination of heavy rain and melting snow caused minor flooding.

NHZ001>010-013> Belknap - Coastal Rockingham - Interior Rockingham - Merrimack - Northern Carroll - Northern Coos - 014 Northern Grafton - Southern Carroll - Southern Coos - Southern Grafton - Strafford - Sullivan

26 1700EST 27 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A large area of low pressure developed in the Gulf States and intensified as it moved from the coast of the Carolinas on the morning of the 26th, to Cape Cod on the morning of the 27th, and to northeastern Nova Scotia by the morning of the 28th. Heavy snow fell across all of New Hampshire with amounts generally totaling about 6 to 16 inches with locally higher amounts. Alexandria reported 18.5 inches from the storm. In addition to heavy snow, the intense storm brought near blizzard conditions to the state.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, Southern

NHZ011-015 Cheshire - Hillsborough - Western and Central Hillsborough 26 1700EST 27 1500EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strengthening winter storm passed southeast of Nantucket and brought heavy snow and strong winds to southwest New Hampshire, resulting in near blizzard conditions at times. More than 2000 flights were cancelled along the east coast due to the storm, despite this, Manchester Airport remained open through the storm. Snowfall totals of 8 to 14 inches were widely observed.

NEW JERSEY, Northeast

NJZ002-003 Bergen - Western Passaic 01 0900EST 1400EST 1 0 20.0K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds occurred ahead of and behind a cold front. M62VE

NJZ002-004-006- EASTERN BERGEN - EASTERN ESSEX - EASTERN UNION - Eastern Passaic - Hudson - WESTERN 103>108 BERGEN - WESTERN ESSEX - WESTERN UNION - Western Passaic 26 1100EST 27 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A rapidly intensifying low pressure system tracked from off the Southeast US coast on Christmas Day and then past the Mid Atlantic Coast on Sunday December 26th to just east of Long Island by early Monday morning December 27th. This intense low pressure system spread snowfall into the region Sunday morning, with bands of heavy snow plus embedded thunderstorms and very strong winds affecting the region Sunday afternoon through Sunday night. The powerful blizzard (defined when sustained winds or frequent gusts greater than or equal to 35 mph accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than 1/4 mile for three hours or more) brought a widespread area of 20 to 30 inches of snow across Northeast New Jersey. The heavy snow was accompanied by area wide winds of 25 to 40 mph and gusts in excess of 60 mph Sunday afternoon into Sunday night, resulting in near whiteout conditions with blowing and drifting snow and making all forms of travel extremely difficult to nearly impossible. As a result, Acting Governor Stephen Sweeney declared a state of emergency during the height of the storm around 8 pm on December 26th. In fact, all three major New York/New Jersey Airports were closed during and for a period after the storm as well as New Jersey Transit bus lines, and several lines of PATH train service were suspended Sunday night into Monday morning due to high snow drifts. In addition, 8000 customers lost power during the height of the storm.

134 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest NJZ007-009-016> Camden - Cumberland - Gloucester - Hunterdon - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Warren 019-021 01 0900EST 1300EST 0 0 26.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front produced strong south winds across New Jersey during the late morning and early afternoon on December 1st. Wind gusts were enhanced in the southeast flow that preceded a line of showers and isolated thunderstorms that accompanied the cold frontal passage during the late morning and early afternoon. Peak wind gusts average 45 to 50 mph and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires and caused scattered power outages. The heavy rain made it easier for shallow rooted trees to be knocked over. About 34,000 homes and businesses lost power. Most power was restored by the 2nd, except in Sea Bright (Monmouth County) where it took until the 3rd. Two people were injured. New Jersey Transit North Jersey Coastal Line had several trains cancelled and systemwide averaged delays of 15 to 20 minutes. In Sea Bright (Monmouth County), several poles and wires fell down in the downtown area on New Street and Ocean Avenue. One woman was shocked by the downed wire and a few vehicles were damaged on New Street. Most of the borough lost power. Elsewhere in Monmouth County, a downed tree damaged a vehicle in Eatontown (Monmouth County). In West Long Branch, a downed pole blocked Eastbound New Jersey State Route 36. Downed wires in Marlboro caused a shopping center outage. In Ocean County, power outages were concentrated in Lakewood and Jackson. The American Red Cross opened shelters along the Jersey Coast. In Glassboro (Gloucester County), one person was injured after they drove into a downed tree. In Hamilton Township (Mercer County), several trees were knocked down. In Salem County, several trees, wires and and signs were knocked down. Two stop signs were knocked down along County Route 540. Trees were knocked down in Carneys Point, Upper Pittsgrove, Alloway and Pittsgrove Townships. About 15,000 Jersey Central Power and Light, 10,000 Public Service Electric and Gas and 9,000 Atlantic City Electric customers lost power. More than a third of the Atlantic City Electric power outages occurred in Salem County. Its other outages were concentrated in Millville (Cumberland County) and in Galloway and Egg Harbor Townships in Atlantic County. Peak wind gusts included 54 mph in Bivalve (Cumberland County), Wantage (Sussex County) and Keansburg (Monmouth County), 53 mph in Seaside Heights and Lakehurst (Ocean County), 52 mph in Sandy Hook and Cream Ridge (Monmouth County), 48 mph in Upper Deerfield (Cumberland County), 47 mph in Wrightstown (Burlington County), Tuckerton (Ocean County) and Ocean City (Ocean County), 45 mph in Atlantic City (Atlantic County) and 43 mph in Somerville (Somerset County). The up the Delaware River south to southeast flow and fresh water runoff caused minor tidal flooding along the Delaware River and tidal sections of its tributaries around the morning high tide. In Philadelphia, the high tide reached 8.40 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 8.2 feet above mean lower low water.

Mercer County Lewisville 01 0900EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain forced the closure of Princeton Pike in Lawrence Township. Event precipitation totals 1.66 in Washington Crossing, 1.56 inches in Trenton amd 1.46 inches in Lawrence Township.

An approaching cold front and an unseasonably mild air mass preceding it caused heavy rain to fall across New Jersey during the morning and early afternoon on the 1st. The rain itself began around Midnight EST on the 1st and ended during the afternoon of the 1st. Event precipitation totals averaged 1 to 3 inches and caused the typical poor drainage flooding in urbanized and low lying areas. The worst reported flooding occurred in Mercer County.

NJZ001-008-010- Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - Middlesex - Morris - 012>014-020-022> Somerset - Southeastern Burlington - Sussex - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western 027 Monmouth - Western Ocean 01 1000EST 1400EST 0 0 88.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

135 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

The pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front produced strong south winds across New Jersey during the late morning and early afternoon on December 1st. Wind gusts were enhanced in the southeast flow that preceded a line of showers and isolated thunderstorms that accompanied the cold frontal passage during the late morning and early afternoon. Peak wind gusts average 45 to 50 mph and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires and caused scattered power outages. The heavy rain made it easier for shallow rooted trees to be knocked over. About 34,000 homes and businesses lost power. Most power was restored by the 2nd, except in Sea Bright (Monmouth County) where it took until the 3rd. Two people were injured. New Jersey Transit North Jersey Coastal Line had several trains cancelled and systemwide averaged delays of 15 to 20 minutes.

In Sea Bright (Monmouth County), several poles and wires fell down in the downtown area on New Street and Ocean Avenue. One woman was shocked by the downed wire and a few vehicles were damaged on New Street. Most of the borough lost power. Elsewhere in Monmouth County, a downed tree damaged a vehicle in Eatontown (Monmouth County). In West Long Branch, a downed pole blocked Eastbound New Jersey State Route 36. Downed wires in Marlboro caused a shopping center outage. In Ocean County, power outages were concentrated in Lakewood and Jackson. The American Red Cross opened shelters along the Jersey Coast. In Glassboro (Gloucester County), one person was injured after they drove into a downed tree. In Hamilton Township (Mercer County), several trees were knocked down. In Salem County, several trees, wires and and signs were knocked down. Two stop signs were knocked down along County Route 540. Trees were knocked down in Carneys Point, Upper Pittsgrove, Alloway and Pittsgrove Townships. About 15,000 Jersey Central Power and Light, 10,000 Public Service Electric and Gas and 9,000 Atlantic City Electric customers lost power. More than a third of the Atlantic City Electric power outages occurred in Salem County. Its other outages were concentrated in Millville (Cumberland County) and in Galloway and Egg Harbor Townships in Atlantic County.

Peak wind gusts included 54 mph in Bivalve (Cumberland County), Wantage (Sussex County) and Keansburg (Monmouth County), 53 mph in Seaside Heights and Lakehurst (Ocean County), 52 mph in Sandy Hook and Cream Ridge (Monmouth County), 48 mph in Upper Deerfield (Cumberland County), 47 mph in Wrightstown (Burlington County), Tuckerton (Ocean County) and Ocean City (Ocean County), 45 mph in Atlantic City (Atlantic County) and 43 mph in Somerville (Somerset County). The up the Delaware River south to southeast flow and fresh water runoff caused minor tidal flooding along the Delaware River and tidal sections of its tributaries around the morning high tide. In Philadelphia, the high tide reached 8.40 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 8.2 feet above mean lower low water.

NJZ007-008 Morris - Warren 11 2300EST 12 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The combination of a low pressure system approaching from the Carolinas and a frontal system approaching from the Midwest spread precipitation across northwest New Jersey overnight on the 11th into the 12th. While it was warm enough for precipitation aloft to fall as rain, temperatures at the surface were still below freezing, especially in the higher terrain. The freezing rain made driving hazardous and resulted in accidents. Accidents were reported on New Jersey State Route 94 in Blairstown (Warren County). Temperatures continued to rise overnight on the 11th and by 6 a.m EST on the 12th most of northwest New Jersey's temperatures had risen above freezing. Ice accretions were generally less than one tenth of an inch.

NJZ016>027 Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Ocean - Gloucester - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Southeastern Burlington - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Ocean 16 1300EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first widespread measurable but overall light snow event of the winter season came at an unfortunate time during the afternoon of the 16th in the southern half of New Jersey. Accumulations in Cape May County averaged around an inch and were an inch or less in the rest of southern New Jersey. But, the recent cold weather made it easy for the snow to accumulate. Coupled with it coinciding with the school afternoon and start of the evening commutes led to over one thousand reported accidents across the southern half of the state. Commuting times in many instances were doubled to quadrupled. Delays were described as one hour on Interstate 295 in Camden and Gloucester Counties. Representative snowfall included 1.5 inches in Swainton and Cape May (Cape May County), 1.0 inch in Hamilton (Atlantic County), Swedesboro (Gloucester County) and Woodbine and Sea Isle City (Cape May County), 0.8 inches at the Atlantic City International Airport (Atlantic County), 0.6 inches in Upper Deerfield (Cumberland County), 0.5 inches in Little Egg Harbor (Ocean County) and Seabrook (Cumberland County), 0.4 inches in Lindenwold (Camden County), 0.3 inches in Berlin (Camden County) and Pemberton (Burlington County). The light accumulating snow was caused by a rapidly moving low pressure system that went from the Texas Red River valley on the evening of the 15th, to the Tennessee Valley at sunrise on the 16th and off the North Carolina Coast by 7 p.m. EST on the 16th. The rapid movement and the southern storm track precluded heavier snow from occurring and for the snow in general to get much farther north than the southern half of New Jersey.

136 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest NJZ010-012>027 Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - Gloucester - Mercer - Middlesex - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Somerset - Southeastern Burlington - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 26 0700EST 27 0630EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NJZ009 Hunterdon 26 1100EST 27 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NJZ001-008 Morris - Sussex 26 1200EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NJZ007 Warren 26 1200EST 27 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NJZ022-025 Eastern Atlantic - Western Atlantic 26 1500EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A major and for parts of eastern New Jersey record breaking winter storm and blizzard affected the state on Sunday the 26th and Monday the 27th. Snowfall averaged around two feet for the shore counties as well as Middlesex and Morris Counties in New Jersey with drifts often at least twice that high. Snowfall across southwest New Jersey averaged around one foot and in northwest New Jersey around six inches. A state of emergency was declared in New Jersey. Intermittent light snow fell across southeast New Jersey prior to dawn on the 26th, but the winter storm associated snow started to spread into the area between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. EST on the 26th. The snow backed northwest into the state and reached the central AND southwest part of the state between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. EST, the Raritan and Passaic Basins between 11 a.m. and Noon EST and throughout Sussex County by 1 p.m. EST on the 26th. Heavier snow bands started moving into the southeast part of the state during the middle of the morning on the 26th and they expanded and moved northwestward during the afternoon. As the afternoon progressed, winds also increased and blizzard conditions occurred across eastern New Jersey from Atlantic County northward. The heavy snow bands and blizzard conditions persisted through the evening across east central New Jersey. Snowfall rates under these bands reached two to three inches per hour. The heavy snow bands weakened during the first couple of hours on the 27th and the snow itself ended around 7 a.m. EST. Strong to high winds continued to hamper snow plow operations through the 27th. President Barack Obama approved federal disaster reimbursement related to the winter storm and blizzard in Burlington, Cape May, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean and Somerset Counties.

Senate President Steven Sweeney declared a State of Emergency for New Jersey on the evening of the 26th. It was lifted at 6 p.m. EST on the 27th. Several county and local municipalities also declared states of emergencies or snow emergencies. A total travel ban was in effect in Atlantic County. Bus service was suspended throughout the state as of 830 p.m. EST on the 26th and did not resume until the 28th. While the overall number of accidents were low, about 2,300 motorists were stranded on average for 10 to 12 hours. The Red Cross opened shelters in the eastern part of the state. In addition, stranded motorists used town halls, rest stops and movie theaters as shelters. Rail service ran on an enhanced weekend schedule on the 27th. State offices were closed on the 27th. Many county offices were also closed on the 27th as were all courthouses in the southeastern part of the state. Shopping malls were either closed or had delayed openings on the 27th. Malls in Monmouth County did not open until the 28th at the earliest. The Sea Streak Manhattan Ferry service from Monmouth County ran on a modified schedule on the 27th. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. Athletic competitions were either postponed or cancelled. Blood supplies ran low. Trash schedules were delayed about a day and recycling schedules were delayed up to one week.

Monmouth County was one of the most affected counties by the blizzard as many roadways were closed and remained closed through the 27th because of drifting. An overturned vehicle in Tinton Falls caused an injury. A train struck an abandoned vehicle in Red Bank, but no injuries were closed. Major roadways such as Interstate 195 (8 foot drifts) and New Jersey State Routes 18, 35, 36, 66 and 138 were closed into the 27th. Long Branch emergency personnel alone responded to about 700 calls. In Ocean County, about 150 vehicles were disabled in Toms River. In Middlesex County, about fifty vehicles were abandoned in South Brunswick. In Atlantic County, all departures from Atlantic City International Airport were cancelled on the 26th. The Route 52 Bridge between Somers Point and Ocean City in Cape May County was closed for about 24 hours until 11 a.m. EST on the 27th. The Garden State Parkway was closed in Egg Harbor Township because of a jack-knifed tractor-trailer. On the plus side, because people were trapped, there was a strong occupancy rate at the casinos. Cape May County suspended all tolls on bridges. A travel ban was in effect in Millville (Cumberland County). One of the worst reported accidents was a multi- vehicle crash on Interstate 295 in Columbus in Burlington County.

137 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

The snowfall at Atlantic City International Airport was a record breaking 20.1 inches. This was a new single snowstorm record surpassing the previous record of 20.0 inches during the President's Day II snowstorm of February 16 to 17 in 2003.

Other representative snowfall included (alphabetically by county name) in Atlantic County, 20.0 inches in Absecon, 16.5 inches in Estell Manor and 16.3 inches in Folsom; in Burlington County, 19.0 inches in Chesterfield, 16.5 inches in Tabernacle, 10.0 inches in Maple Shade and 9.2 inches in Medford; in Camden County 12.0 inches in Pennsauken, 10.2 inches in Somerdale and 9.8 inches in Berlin; in Cape May County 25.0 inches in Eldora, 21.0 inches in North Cape May and 15.0 inches in Woodbine; in Cumberland County, 18.7 inches in Vineland, 11.5 inches in Cedarville and 8.1 inches in Upper Deerfield, in Gloucester County 13.5 inches in Malaga and 12.0 inches in Swedesboro; in Hunterdon County 6.0 inches in Wertsville, 4.5 inches in Flemington and 4.0 inches in Lebanon; in Mercer County, 16.0 inches in Princeton Junction, 13.5 inches in Hamilton Square and 10.1 inches in Ewing; in Middlesex County, 25.0 inches in Edison, 23.2 inches in Cheesequake and 19.5 inches in New Brunswick; in Monmouth County 25.0 inches in Colts Neck, 24.0 inches in Neptune, 22.0 inches in Red Bank and 20.0 inches in Holmdel; in Morris County 29.0 inches in Lincoln Park, 16.0 inches in Boonton, 12.8 inches in Jefferson and 11.0 inches in Marcella; in Ocean County 30.0 inches in Brick, 26.0 inches in Bayville, 22.0 inches in Berkeley, 21.0 inches in Manahawkin and 17.0 inches in Whiting; in Salem County, 4.8 inches in Woodstown; in Somerset County 16.5 inches in Hillsborough, 13.2 inches in Millstone, 8.6 inches in Branchburg and 7.1 inches in Bridgewater; in Sussex County 8.0 inches in Vernon, 7.0 inches in Newton, 6.0 inches in Sussex and Wantage and 5.0 inches in Lafayette and in Warren County 7.0 inches in Hackettstown, 4.1 inches in Washington, 3.5 inches in Phillipsburg and 3.0 inches in Blairstown.

The onshore flow preceding the passage of the low pressure system caused minor tidal flooding around the time of the early afternoon high tide on the 26th in Cape May County and the overnight high tide on the 26th from Atlantic County northward. At Cape May (Cape May County), the high tide just reached the minor tidal flooding level of 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. At Atlantic City (Atlantic County), the high tide reached 6.55 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. At Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), the high tide reached 7.13 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water.

The low pressure system responsible for the winter storm entered the United States in southern California on December 22nd. It moved across the southern Rockies and reached the northern Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day. It was still a relatively weak low pressure system, but as it moved across the Gulf of Mexico, it started to strengthen. At 7 p.m. EST on the 25th, the low had deepened to 1004 millibars in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From there, the low made a turn to the northeast while the intensification process increased. At 1 a.m. EST on the 26th, it was a 1001 millibar low, just east of Georgia, at 7 a.m. EST on the 26th a 992 millibar low just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and at 1 p.m. EST on the 26th a 986 millibar low about 100 miles east of Virginia Beach, Virginia. During the next six hours as the upper level support neared, the low's intensification rate peaked and at 7 p.m. EST on the 26th, the surface pressure fell to 972 millibars as it passed about 100 miles east of Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Overnight, the surface low was captured by the upper level low and this slowed its forward progress. At 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, the 970 millibar surface low was located about 50 miles southeast of Montauk Point, New York and at 7 a.m. EST, the 962 millibar low was located just southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th and from there it slowly weakened as it passed south of Nova Scotia. The surface pressure of this winter storm dropped 31 millibars from 1 a.m. EST on the 26th to 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, well exceeding the meteorological definition of a bombing low pressure system (24 millibar drop in 24 hours).

26 1500EST 27 1700EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ025 Eastern Atlantic 26 1500EST 27 1700EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong to high winds that started during the afternoon of the winter storm on the 26th persisted into the evening of the 27th. Peak wind gusts were around 50 mph, except along some shore points and in the higher terrain of Sussex County where gusts reached into the 60s. The strong to high winds knocked down some weak tree limbs and power lines. The largest effect though was the considerable blowing and drifting of the snow the wind caused. This hampered plowing and clean-up operations after the snow ended throughout the day on the 27th. Many roadways and ramps remained closed, especially in the eastern part of the state. About 7,000 homes and businesses lost power. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. The winds were caused first by the rapid intensification of the winter storm low pressure system and then the pressure gradient (difference) between the low pressure system and a strong high pressure building east from the central part of the United States. Winds eased as the low moved farther away from the Middle Atlantic States as the day progressed on the 27th as well as it stopped intensifying after the morning of the 27th. The low pressure system's surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th as it was passing just east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

NJZ027 Southeastern Burlington 26 1530EST 27 2130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

138 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

A major and for parts of eastern New Jersey record breaking winter storm and blizzard affected the state on Sunday the 26th and Monday the 27th. Snowfall averaged around two feet for the shore counties as well as Middlesex and Morris Counties in New Jersey with drifts often at least twice that high. Snowfall across southwest New Jersey averaged around one foot and in northwest New Jersey around six inches. A state of emergency was declared in New Jersey. Intermittent light snow fell across southeast New Jersey prior to dawn on the 26th, but the winter storm associated snow started to spread into the area between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. EST on the 26th. The snow backed northwest into the state and reached the central AND southwest part of the state between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. EST, the Raritan and Passaic Basins between 11 a.m. and Noon EST and throughout Sussex County by 1 p.m. EST on the 26th. Heavier snow bands started moving into the southeast part of the state during the middle of the morning on the 26th and they expanded and moved northwestward during the afternoon. As the afternoon progressed, winds also increased and blizzard conditions occurred across eastern New Jersey from Atlantic County northward. The heavy snow bands and blizzard conditions persisted through the evening across east central New Jersey. Snowfall rates under these bands reached two to three inches per hour. The heavy snow bands weakened during the first couple of hours on the 27th and the snow itself ended around 7 a.m. EST. Strong to high winds continued to hamper snow plow operations through the 27th. President Barack Obama approved federal disaster reimbursement related to the winter storm and blizzard in Burlington, Cape May, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean and Somerset Counties.

Senate President Steven Sweeney declared a State of Emergency for New Jersey on the evening of the 26th. It was lifted at 6 p.m. EST on the 27th. Several county and local municipalities also declared states of emergencies or snow emergencies. A total travel ban was in effect in Atlantic County. Bus service was suspended throughout the state as of 830 p.m. EST on the 26th and did not resume until the 28th. While the overall number of accidents were low, about 2,300 motorists were stranded on average for 10 to 12 hours. The Red Cross opened shelters in the eastern part of the state. In addition, stranded motorists used town halls, rest stops and movie theaters as shelters. Rail service ran on an enhanced weekend schedule on the 27th. State offices were closed on the 27th. Many county offices were also closed on the 27th as were all courthouses in the southeastern part of the state. Shopping malls were either closed or had delayed openings on the 27th. Malls in Monmouth County did not open until the 28th at the earliest. The Sea Streak Manhattan Ferry service from Monmouth County ran on a modified schedule on the 27th. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. Athletic competitions were either postponed or cancelled. Blood supplies ran low. Trash schedules were delayed about a day and recycling schedules were delayed up to one week.

Monmouth County was one of the most affected counties by the blizzard as many roadways were closed and remained closed through the 27th because of drifting. An overturned vehicle in Tinton Falls caused an injury. A train struck an abandoned vehicle in Red Bank, but no injuries were closed. Major roadways such as Interstate 195 (8 foot drifts) and New Jersey State Routes 18, 35, 36, 66 and 138 were closed into the 27th. Long Branch emergency personnel alone responded to about 700 calls. In Ocean County, about 150 vehicles were disabled in Toms River. In Middlesex County, about fifty vehicles were abandoned in South Brunswick. In Atlantic County, all departures from Atlantic City International Airport were cancelled on the 26th. The Route 52 Bridge between Somers Point and Ocean City in Cape May County was closed for about 24 hours until 11 a.m. EST on the 27th. The Garden State Parkway was closed in Egg Harbor Township because of a jack-knifed tractor-trailer. On the plus side, because people were trapped, there was a strong occupancy rate at the casinos. Cape May County suspended all tolls on bridges. A travel ban was in effect in Millville (Cumberland County). One of the worst reported accidents was a multi- vehicle crash on Interstate 295 in Columbus in Burlington County.

The snowfall at Atlantic City International Airport was a record breaking 20.1 inches. This was a new single snowstorm record surpassing the previous record of 20.0 inches during the President's Day II snowstorm of February 16 to 17 in 2003.

Other representative snowfall included (alphabetically by county name) in Atlantic County, 20.0 inches in Absecon, 16.5 inches in Estell Manor and 16.3 inches in Folsom; in Burlington County, 19.0 inches in Chesterfield, 16.5 inches in Tabernacle, 10.0 inches in Maple Shade and 9.2 inches in Medford; in Camden County 12.0 inches in Pennsauken, 10.2 inches in Somerdale and 9.8 inches in Berlin; in Cape May County 25.0 inches in Eldora, 21.0 inches in North Cape May and 15.0 inches in Woodbine; in Cumberland County, 18.7 inches in Vineland, 11.5 inches in Cedarville and 8.1 inches in Upper Deerfield, in Gloucester County 13.5 inches in Malaga and 12.0 inches in Swedesboro; in Hunterdon County 6.0 inches in Wertsville, 4.5 inches in Flemington and 4.0 inches in Lebanon; in Mercer County, 16.0 inches in Princeton Junction, 13.5 inches in Hamilton Square and 10.1 inches in Ewing; in Middlesex County, 25.0 inches in Edison, 23.2 inches in Cheesequake and 19.5 inches in New Brunswick; in Monmouth County 25.0 inches in Colts Neck, 24.0 inches in Neptune, 22.0 inches in Red Bank and 20.0 inches in Holmdel; in Morris County 29.0 inches in Lincoln Park, 16.0 inches in Boonton, 12.8 inches in Jefferson and 11.0 inches in Marcella; in Ocean County 30.0 inches in Brick, 26.0 inches in Bayville, 22.0 inches in Berkeley, 21.0 inches in Manahawkin and 17.0 inches in Whiting; in Salem County, 4.8 inches in Woodstown; in Somerset County 16.5 inches in Hillsborough, 13.2 inches in Millstone, 8.6 inches in Branchburg and 7.1 inches in Bridgewater; in Sussex County 8.0 inches in Vernon, 7.0 inches in Newton, 6.0 inches in Sussex and Wantage and 5.0 inches in Lafayette and in Warren County 7.0 inches in Hackettstown, 4.1 inches in Washington, 3.5 inches in Phillipsburg and 3.0 inches in Blairstown.

The onshore flow preceding the passage of the low pressure system caused minor tidal flooding around the time of the early afternoon high tide on the 26th in Cape May County and the overnight high tide on the 26th from Atlantic County northward. At Cape May (Cape May County), the high tide just reached the minor tidal flooding level of 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. At Atlantic City (Atlantic County), the high tide reached 6.55 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. At Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), the high tide reached 7.13 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water.

139 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

The low pressure system responsible for the winter storm entered the United States in southern California on December 22nd. It moved across the southern Rockies and reached the northern Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day. It was still a relatively weak low pressure system, but as it moved across the Gulf of Mexico, it started to strengthen. At 7 p.m. EST on the 25th, the low had deepened to 1004 millibars in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From there, the low made a turn to the northeast while the intensification process increased. At 1 a.m. EST on the 26th, it was a 1001 millibar low, just east of Georgia, at 7 a.m. EST on the 26th a 992 millibar low just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and at 1 p.m. EST on the 26th a 986 millibar low about 100 miles east of Virginia Beach, Virginia. During the next six hours as the upper level support neared, the low's intensification rate peaked and at 7 p.m. EST on the 26th, the surface pressure fell to 972 millibars as it passed about 100 miles east of Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Overnight, the surface low was captured by the upper level low and this slowed its forward progress. At 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, the 970 millibar surface low was located about 50 miles southeast of Montauk Point, New York and at 7 a.m. EST, the 962 millibar low was located just southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th and from there it slowly weakened as it passed south of Nova Scotia. The surface pressure of this winter storm dropped 31 millibars from 1 a.m. EST on the 26th to 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, well exceeding the meteorological definition of a bombing low pressure system (24 millibar drop in 24 hours).

26 1530EST 27 1800EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong to high winds that started during the afternoon of the winter storm on the 26th persisted into the evening of the 27th. Peak wind gusts were around 50 mph, except along some shore points and in the higher terrain of Sussex County where gusts reached into the 60s. The strong to high winds knocked down some weak tree limbs and power lines. The largest effect though was the considerable blowing and drifting of the snow the wind caused. This hampered plowing and clean-up operations after the snow ended throughout the day on the 27th. Many roadways and ramps remained closed, especially in the eastern part of the state. About 7,000 homes and businesses lost power. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. The winds were caused first by the rapid intensification of the winter storm low pressure system and then the pressure gradient (difference) between the low pressure system and a strong high pressure building east from the central part of the United States. Winds eased as the low moved farther away from the Middle Atlantic States as the day progressed on the 27th as well as it stopped intensifying after the morning of the 27th. The low pressure system's surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th as it was passing just east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

NJZ012>014-020- Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - Middlesex - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 026 26 1600EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A major and for parts of eastern New Jersey record breaking winter storm and blizzard affected the state on Sunday the 26th and Monday the 27th. Snowfall averaged around two feet for the shore counties as well as Middlesex and Morris Counties in New Jersey with drifts often at least twice that high. Snowfall across southwest New Jersey averaged around one foot and in northwest New Jersey around six inches. A state of emergency was declared in New Jersey. Intermittent light snow fell across southeast New Jersey prior to dawn on the 26th, but the winter storm associated snow started to spread into the area between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. EST on the 26th. The snow backed northwest into the state and reached the central AND southwest part of the state between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. EST, the Raritan and Passaic Basins between 11 a.m. and Noon EST and throughout Sussex County by 1 p.m. EST on the 26th. Heavier snow bands started moving into the southeast part of the state during the middle of the morning on the 26th and they expanded and moved northwestward during the afternoon. As the afternoon progressed, winds also increased and blizzard conditions occurred across eastern New Jersey from Atlantic County northward. The heavy snow bands and blizzard conditions persisted through the evening across east central New Jersey. Snowfall rates under these bands reached two to three inches per hour. The heavy snow bands weakened during the first couple of hours on the 27th and the snow itself ended around 7 a.m. EST. Strong to high winds continued to hamper snow plow operations through the 27th. President Barack Obama approved federal disaster reimbursement related to the winter storm and blizzard in Burlington, Cape May, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean and Somerset Counties.

Senate President Steven Sweeney declared a State of Emergency for New Jersey on the evening of the 26th. It was lifted at 6 p.m. EST on the 27th. Several county and local municipalities also declared states of emergencies or snow emergencies. A total travel ban was in effect in Atlantic County. Bus service was suspended throughout the state as of 830 p.m. EST on the 26th and did not resume until the 28th. While the overall number of accidents were low, about 2,300 motorists were stranded on average for 10 to 12 hours. The Red Cross opened shelters in the eastern part of the state. In addition, stranded motorists used town halls, rest stops and movie theaters as shelters. Rail service ran on an enhanced weekend schedule on the 27th. State offices were closed on the 27th. Many county offices were also closed on the 27th as were all courthouses in the southeastern part of the state. Shopping malls were either closed or had delayed openings on the 27th. Malls in Monmouth County did not open until the 28th at the earliest. The Sea Streak Manhattan Ferry service from Monmouth County ran on a modified schedule on the 27th. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. Athletic competitions were either postponed or cancelled. Blood supplies ran low. Trash schedules were delayed about a day and recycling schedules were delayed up to one week.

140 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

Monmouth County was one of the most affected counties by the blizzard as many roadways were closed and remained closed through the 27th because of drifting. An overturned vehicle in Tinton Falls caused an injury. A train struck an abandoned vehicle in Red Bank, but no injuries were closed. Major roadways such as Interstate 195 (8 foot drifts) and New Jersey State Routes 18, 35, 36, 66 and 138 were closed into the 27th. Long Branch emergency personnel alone responded to about 700 calls. In Ocean County, about 150 vehicles were disabled in Toms River. In Middlesex County, about fifty vehicles were abandoned in South Brunswick. In Atlantic County, all departures from Atlantic City International Airport were cancelled on the 26th. The Route 52 Bridge between Somers Point and Ocean City in Cape May County was closed for about 24 hours until 11 a.m. EST on the 27th. The Garden State Parkway was closed in Egg Harbor Township because of a jack-knifed tractor-trailer. On the plus side, because people were trapped, there was a strong occupancy rate at the casinos. Cape May County suspended all tolls on bridges. A travel ban was in effect in Millville (Cumberland County). One of the worst reported accidents was a multi- vehicle crash on Interstate 295 in Columbus in Burlington County.

The snowfall at Atlantic City International Airport was a record breaking 20.1 inches. This was a new single snowstorm record surpassing the previous record of 20.0 inches during the President's Day II snowstorm of February 16 to 17 in 2003.

Other representative snowfall included (alphabetically by county name) in Atlantic County, 20.0 inches in Absecon, 16.5 inches in Estell Manor and 16.3 inches in Folsom; in Burlington County, 19.0 inches in Chesterfield, 16.5 inches in Tabernacle, 10.0 inches in Maple Shade and 9.2 inches in Medford; in Camden County 12.0 inches in Pennsauken, 10.2 inches in Somerdale and 9.8 inches in Berlin; in Cape May County 25.0 inches in Eldora, 21.0 inches in North Cape May and 15.0 inches in Woodbine; in Cumberland County, 18.7 inches in Vineland, 11.5 inches in Cedarville and 8.1 inches in Upper Deerfield, in Gloucester County 13.5 inches in Malaga and 12.0 inches in Swedesboro; in Hunterdon County 6.0 inches in Wertsville, 4.5 inches in Flemington and 4.0 inches in Lebanon; in Mercer County, 16.0 inches in Princeton Junction, 13.5 inches in Hamilton Square and 10.1 inches in Ewing; in Middlesex County, 25.0 inches in Edison, 23.2 inches in Cheesequake and 19.5 inches in New Brunswick; in Monmouth County 25.0 inches in Colts Neck, 24.0 inches in Neptune, 22.0 inches in Red Bank and 20.0 inches in Holmdel; in Morris County 29.0 inches in Lincoln Park, 16.0 inches in Boonton, 12.8 inches in Jefferson and 11.0 inches in Marcella; in Ocean County 30.0 inches in Brick, 26.0 inches in Bayville, 22.0 inches in Berkeley, 21.0 inches in Manahawkin and 17.0 inches in Whiting; in Salem County, 4.8 inches in Woodstown; in Somerset County 16.5 inches in Hillsborough, 13.2 inches in Millstone, 8.6 inches in Branchburg and 7.1 inches in Bridgewater; in Sussex County 8.0 inches in Vernon, 7.0 inches in Newton, 6.0 inches in Sussex and Wantage and 5.0 inches in Lafayette and in Warren County 7.0 inches in Hackettstown, 4.1 inches in Washington, 3.5 inches in Phillipsburg and 3.0 inches in Blairstown.

The onshore flow preceding the passage of the low pressure system caused minor tidal flooding around the time of the early afternoon high tide on the 26th in Cape May County and the overnight high tide on the 26th from Atlantic County northward. At Cape May (Cape May County), the high tide just reached the minor tidal flooding level of 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. At Atlantic City (Atlantic County), the high tide reached 6.55 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. At Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), the high tide reached 7.13 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water.

The low pressure system responsible for the winter storm entered the United States in southern California on December 22nd. It moved across the southern Rockies and reached the northern Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day. It was still a relatively weak low pressure system, but as it moved across the Gulf of Mexico, it started to strengthen. At 7 p.m. EST on the 25th, the low had deepened to 1004 millibars in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From there, the low made a turn to the northeast while the intensification process increased. At 1 a.m. EST on the 26th, it was a 1001 millibar low, just east of Georgia, at 7 a.m. EST on the 26th a 992 millibar low just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and at 1 p.m. EST on the 26th a 986 millibar low about 100 miles east of Virginia Beach, Virginia. During the next six hours as the upper level support neared, the low's intensification rate peaked and at 7 p.m. EST on the 26th, the surface pressure fell to 972 millibars as it passed about 100 miles east of Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Overnight, the surface low was captured by the upper level low and this slowed its forward progress. At 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, the 970 millibar surface low was located about 50 miles southeast of Montauk Point, New York and at 7 a.m. EST, the 962 millibar low was located just southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th and from there it slowly weakened as it passed south of Nova Scotia. The surface pressure of this winter storm dropped 31 millibars from 1 a.m. EST on the 26th to 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, well exceeding the meteorological definition of a bombing low pressure system (24 millibar drop in 24 hours).

26 1600EST 27 2000EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ013-020-024 Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean

26 1600EST 27 1700EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ007>010-015> Camden - Cumberland - Gloucester - Hunterdon - Mercer - Morris - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - 019-021 Somerset - Warren 27 0300EST 1700EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

141 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest NJZ001-023-026 Eastern Ocean - Sussex - Western Cape May 27 0900EST 1600EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K High Wind

Strong to high winds that started during the afternoon of the winter storm on the 26th persisted into the evening of the 27th. Peak wind gusts were around 50 mph, except along some shore points and in the higher terrain of Sussex County where gusts reached into the 60s. The strong to high winds knocked down some weak tree limbs and power lines. The largest effect though was the considerable blowing and drifting of the snow the wind caused. This hampered plowing and clean-up operations after the snow ended throughout the day on the 27th. Many roadways and ramps remained closed, especially in the eastern part of the state. About 7,000 homes and businesses lost power. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry cancelled all Delaware Bay crossings before 3 p.m. EST on the 27th. The winds were caused first by the rapid intensification of the winter storm low pressure system and then the pressure gradient (difference) between the low pressure system and a strong high pressure building east from the central part of the United States. Winds eased as the low moved farther away from the Middle Atlantic States as the day progressed on the 27th as well as it stopped intensifying after the morning of the 27th. The low pressure system's surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th as it was passing just east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

NJZ016 Salem 27 2330EST 28 0130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

NJZ017>019 Camden - Gloucester - Northwestern Burlington 28 0100EST 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

The persistent offshore flow caused by the departed winter storm and an approaching high pressure system caused blow out tides to occur at the time of low tide on the Delaware River and tidal sections of its tributaries overnight on the 27th into the early morning on the 28th. The low tide at Reedy Point, Delaware reached minus 1.90 feet below mean lower low water. The low tide in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania reached 1.96 feet below mean lower low water. Blowout tides at both stations start at levels lower than 1.80 feet below mean lower low water.

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

NMZ521-523-528- Central Highlands - Far Northeast Highlands - Northeast Highlands - Sandia/manzano Mountains 529 15 1048MST 1116MST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K High Wind

NMZ536 Roosevelt County 15 1447MST 1800MST 0 0 15.0K 5.0K Wildfire

Winds gusting as high as 74 mph plagued the Sangre de Cristo, Sandia and Manzano Mountains as well as their adjacent eastern highlands during the late morning hours on the 15th. Gusts near or just above 60 mph tore solar panels off the roof of a house southwest of Las Vegas.

NMZ503-507-510> Albuquerque Metro Area - Central Highlands - East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - Eastern 519-521>524-528> San Miguel County - Estancia Valley - Far Northeast Highlands - Far Northwest Highlands - Guadalupe 533 County - Harding County - Jemez Mountains - Lower Chama River Valley - Northeast Highlands - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - Northwest Highlands - San Juan Mountains - Sandia/manzano Mountains - Santa Fe Metro Area - South Central Highlands - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Union County - Upper Rio Grande Valley - West Central Highlands - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 16 0000MST 17 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

142 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

A weak upper level trough, combined with a back door cold front and abundant moisture, set the stage for heavy snow across much of central and eastern New Mexico. The front quickly moved across the plains and easterly upslope flow behind the front helped focus the heaviest snow amounts along the east slopes of the Sangre de Cristo and Sandia Mountains. The front pushed through the gaps of the central mountain chain near Santa Fe, allowing significant snows to develop over the capital city just after morning rush hour on the 16th. However, farther south, around the Albuquerque Metro area, the front was delayed, and the precipitation remained as rain until the evening hours. The snow created multiple traffic problems, and portions of both I-40 and I-25 were closed for a time due to hazardous road conditions and multiple accidents.

NMZ515 East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 20 0120MST 1530MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds plagued the east slopes of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains for much of the day. The extended nature of the high winds downed several large cottonwood trees.

21 0750MST 1110MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds returned to the east slopes of the Sangres de Cristo Mountains on the 21st. Tree damage was noted in and around the Angel Fire area for the second consecutive day.

NMZ501>506-510> Chuska Mountains - Far Northwest Highlands - Jemez Mountains - Northwest Highlands - Northwest 511 Plateau - San Juan Mountains - West Central Mountains - West Central Plateau 29 0600MST 30 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ508 Southwest Mountains 29 1000MST 30 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NMZ509-512>514- Lower Chama River Valley - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - San 516>518 Francisco River Valley - Santa Fe Metro Area - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Upper Rio Grande Valley - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 29 1000MST 30 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ515-526 East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - South Central Mountains

29 1600MST 1900MST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

NMZ526 South Central Mountains 30 0000MST 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NMZ537>540 Chaves County Plains - De Baca County - Eastern Lincoln County - Southwest Chaves County

30 1037MST 1509MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds and heavy snow plagued much of western and central New Mexico on the 29th and 30th. The heavy snow began on the 29th across northwest New Mexico as a very large and cold upper level system slid southward across the Great Basin. Several inches of snow quickly accumulated across the Northwest Plateau. After a brief lull on the night of the 29th, snow quickly picked back up along and behind a cold front that swept from west to east. Strong winds both ahead of and behind the front created areas of blowing snow and blizzard conditions across the southwest and south central mountains. Though little or no precipitation occurred across the southeast, high winds were noted along and behind the front.

143 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, Central and North NMZ534 Quay County 31 0453MST 0536MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

During the early morning hours of New Years Eve, winds gusted to 60 mph near Tucumcari.

NEW MEXICO, South Central and Southwest

NMZ022 Southwest Mountains/Lower Gila Region 29 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard 30

NMZ025 Southern Sacramento Mountains 30 0400MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful upper low digging out of the Pacific Northwest brought a strong cold front with damaging winds and heavy mountain snows to the region. Blizzard conditions were reported in many areas of Northern Grant County and the Sacramento Mountains.

NMZ023-032 Sierra County Lakes Region - Southern Desert - Tularosa Basin/Southern Desert

30 0900MST 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A powerful upper low digging out of the Pacific Northwest brought a strong cold front with damaging winds gusts of up to 76 mph to the region.

NEW MEXICO, Southeast

NMZ027-028 Eddy County Plains - Guadalupe Mountains of Eddy County 30 1200MST 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Lea County 2 SW Tatum 30 1730MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (69MG)

A brief thunderstorm combined with environmental windy conditions to produce a strong wind gust.

A passing upper level trough and associated strong mid level winds mixing to the surface combined with a tight surface pressure gradient over the area to produce high winds across portions of the Guadalupe Mountains in New Mexico and the adjacent plains. Note: The measured wind gust of 69 knots is equivalent to 79 mph.

NEW YORK, Central

NYZ016>018-036> Chenango - Cortland - Madison - Onondaga - Otsego - Seneca - Southern Cayuga - Southern Oneida 037-044>046 04 0400EST 08 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A persistent northwest flow of cold air across the relatively warm waters of Lake Ontario led to a long duration, major lake effect snowstorm across a large part of central New York and far northeast Pennsylvania. The snows began on Saturday the 4th and became heavy at times downwind of Lake Ontario from the 6th to the 8th, then tapered down by the 9th. Hardest hit was the Syracuse area where up to 58 inches of snow fell on the east side of the City. Most of the Syracuse area received between 38 and 55 inches of snow with the official snowfall at Syracuse International Airport between the 4th and 9th measured at 46.1 inches. This is the 4th highest four day snowfall on record at the Syracuse airport. Other locations in central New York downwind from Lake Ontario picked up between 1 and 2 feet of snow. At the Binghamton Regional Airport, 21.7 inches of snow fell, which was the biggest lake effect snowstorm on record.

NYZ017-036>037 Madison - Onondaga - Southern Cayuga - Southern Oneida 14 0300EST 16 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

144 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, Central

A storm that was nearly stationary over the Canadian Maritimes led to a persistent northwesterly flow of very cold air across the relatively warm waters of Lake Ontario producing another round of heavy lake effect snow for the snow belts of central New York. Total snowfalls ranged from 1 to 2 feet, with up to 29 inches reported in Camillus in Onondaga County.

NEW YORK, Coastal

NYZ071-077-081 Nassau - Southeast Suffolk - Southern Westchester 01 1200EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds occurred ahead of and behind a cold front.

Westchester County 1 WSW Chauncey 01 1425EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (52MG)

A gust of 60 mph was measured at the Hastings-on-Hudson Municipal Building.

Note: The measured wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Westchester County Chauncey 01 1425EST 0 0 0.75K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A small to medium size tree was reported down near the intersection of Hillside and Rosedale Avenues in Hastings-on-Hudson.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Westchester County 2 ENE Boutonville 01 1500EST 0 0 0.75K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was reported down across Mill River Road, near the intersection with State Route 123 in Lewisboro.

An approaching cold front triggered isolated severe thunderstorms, which impacted parts of Westchester County. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

NYZ069-072>075- Bronx - Kings (Brooklyn) - NORTHERN NASSAU - NORTHERN QUEENS - New York (Manhattan) - 078>081-176>179 Northeast Suffolk - Northern Westchester - Northwest Suffolk - Richmond (Staten Island) - Rockland - SOUTHERN NASSAU - SOUTHERN QUEENS - Southeast Suffolk - Southwest Suffolk 26 1000EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A rapidly intensifying low pressure system tracked from off the Southeast US coast on Christmas Day and then past the Mid Atlantic Coast on Sunday December 26th to just east of Long Island by early Monday morning December 27th. This intense low pressure system spread snowfall into the region Sunday morning, with bands of heavy snow plus embedded thunderstorms and very strong winds affecting the region Sunday afternoon through Sunday night. The powerful blizzard (defined when sustained winds or frequent gusts greater than or equal to 35 mph accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than 1/4 mile for three hours or more) brought a widespread area of 20 to 30 inches of snow across the NYC metro and Lower Hudson Valley, with 10 to 20 inches across Long Island. The heavy snow was accompanied by area wide winds of 25 to 40 mph and gusts in excess of 60 mph Sunday afternoon into Sunday night, resulting in near whiteout conditions with blowing and drifting snow and making all forms of travel extremely difficult to nearly impossible. In fact, all three major New York Airports were closed during and for a period after the storm. Bus service was severely hampered, and all service on the LIRR and several lines of MTA North, MTA subway, and PATH were suspended Sunday night into Monday morning due to high snow drifts. New York City struggled with snow removal due to the overwhelming blowing and drifting snow and stranded or abandoned buses and cars littering the streets, which severely hampered emergency services response times. In addition, 8000 customers lost power in New York City and Southern Westchester Counties, 8500 in Putnam and Northern Westchester, and 12,000 on Long Island during the height of the storm.

NYZ079-081 Northeast Suffolk - Southeast Suffolk 26 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf 27 A rapidly intensifying low pressure system tracked from off the Southeast US coast on Christmas Day and then past the Mid Atlantic Coast on Sunday December 26th to just east of Long Island by early Monday morning December 27th. This intense low pressure system spread snowfall into the region Sunday morning, with bands of heavy snow plus embedded thunderstorms and very strong winds affecting the region Sunday afternoon through Sunday night.

145 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, Coastal

The blizzard resulted in severe beach erosion and minor to moderate coastal flooding for much of the North Shore of Suffolk County and the Twin Forks of Long Island. Because of the slow movement of the intense storm, seas were able to build and funnel into the coastline on a long northeast fetch. The high wind speeds were of moderate duration and resulted in very significant beach erosion, particularly during times of high tide. Five to 7 foot wind waves on top of a 2 to 3 foot surge was likely responsible for the severe beach erosion. Across the north facing extreme eastern sound and twin forks, this was likely exacerbated by interaction with open ocean seas of 14 to 16 feet with long period east swells.

The additive effects of wave action on top of surge, particularly along Long Island Sound and the Twin Forks, which are unprotected by barrier beaches likely compounded the erosion. The combined effect of surge and waves had major impact on the immediate shoreline in terms of beach erosion, washovers, and waterfront damage.

NYZ068 Putnam 26 1300EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A rapidly intensifying low pressure system tracked from off the Southeast US coast on Christmas Day and then past the Mid Atlantic Coast on Sunday December 26th to just east of Long Island by early Monday morning December 27th. This intense low pressure system spread snowfall into the region Sunday morning, with bands of heavy snow plus embedded thunderstorms and very strong winds affecting the region Sunday afternoon through Sunday night. The powerful blizzard (defined when sustained winds or frequent gusts greater than or equal to 35 mph accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than 1/4 mile for three hours or more) brought a widespread area of 20 to 30 inches of snow across the NYC metro and Lower Hudson Valley, with 10 to 20 inches across Long Island. The heavy snow was accompanied by area wide winds of 25 to 40 mph and gusts in excess of 60 mph Sunday afternoon into Sunday night, resulting in near whiteout conditions with blowing and drifting snow and making all forms of travel extremely difficult to nearly impossible. In fact, all three major New York Airports were closed during and for a period after the storm. Bus service was severely hampered, and all service on the LIRR and several lines of MTA North, MTA subway, and PATH were suspended Sunday night into Monday morning due to high snow drifts. New York City struggled with snow removal due to the overwhelming blowing and drifting snow and stranded or abandoned buses and cars littering the streets, which severely hampered emergency services response times. In addition, 8000 customers lost power in New York City and Southern Westchester Counties, 8500 in Putnam and Northern Westchester, and 12,000 on Long Island during the height of the storm.

NEW YORK, East

NYZ032-038-082 Northern Fulton - Northern Herkimer - Southern Herkimer 01 1100EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

Herkimer County 1 SW Mohawk 01 1257EST 1557EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Six inches of water was reported flowing over Route 5S in Mohawk.

Greene County 2 WNW Alsen 01 1300EST 2 ESE Palenville 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Numerous roads were reported closed due to flash flooding in Kiskatom including Mountain Turnpike Road, Paul Saxe Road and High Falls Road. Greene County 2 SW Windham 01 1300EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

County Route 12 in Windham was reported closed due to flash flooding.

Greene County 2 WNW Cairo Sport Haven 01 1300EST 1 ESE Freehold 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Numerous roads were reported closed in Cairo due to flash flooding including Whites Farm Loop and Edison-Timmerman Road.

146 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East Greene County 1 NW Surprise 01 1330EST 1 ESE Sanfords Corners 1930EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Scutt Road in Greenville was reported closed due to flash flooding.

Greene County 1 NE Palenville 01 1330EST 1930EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Pennsylvania Avenue in Palenville was reported closed due to flash flooding.

Herkimer County 3 SSW Mohawk 01 1340EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The intersection of Hinman Road and Route 28 in Mohawk was reported under water.

Herkimer County Middlefield 01 1345EST 1 SSE Middleville 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding was reported in the Village of Middleville. Ulster County 1 W Allaben 01 1345EST 2 ESE Big Indian 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A state of emergency was declared in the Town of Shandaken due to severe flooding in Phoenicia. The culprits were the Esopus Creek and some its tributaries. In Phoenicia, Main Street, Station Road, Plank Road and Heardman Road were closed due to flooding. Ten people had to be evacuated from the Globe Trailer Park on Station Road because water reached the edge of the property. Also, businesses in the Belleayre Plaza on Route 28 experienced flooding. There were numerous reports of flooded basements. A portion of Route 28 in Mount Tremper was closed due to flooding. Also, in the Shandaken Hamlet of Woodland Valley, Woodland Valley Road was reported closed due to flooding. The Esopus Creek at Cold Brook, MTRN6, was above flood stage from 11:47 am through 11:57 pm and crested at 18.21 feet at 4 pm. Flood stage is 11 feet and major flood stage is 18 feet.

Ulster County 2 E Chichester 01 1345EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

In the Shandaken Hamlet of Chichester, Route 214 and Silver Hollow Road were reported closed due to flash flooding.

Herkimer County 1 S Little Falls 01 1354EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A mud slide due to heavy rainfall closed Route 5 in Little Falls.

NYZ043-066 Eastern Dutchess - Northern Washington 01 1400EST 1650EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

147 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East Greene County 1 WNW Leeds 01 1500EST 1900EST 0 0 180.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A home was severely damaged by water due to flash flooding on County Route 23B in Leeds/Catskill.

Greene County 1 SW Jefferson Hgts 01 1500EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

County Route 30, Cauterskill Avenue, in Catskill was reported closed due to flash flooding.

Greene County 1 ENE West Coxsackie 01 1500EST 1 E Roberts Hill 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 61, River Road, in New Baltimore was reported closed due to flash flooding.

Greene County 2 NW Cairo 01 1500EST 1730EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 145 between Frank Hitchcock Street and Route 23, Snyder Lane and Lincoln Drive in Cairo were reported closed due to flash flooding. Also, water was reported moving across Route 23.

NYZ041-050-052- Eastern Albany - Northern Saratoga - Southeast Warren - Southern Saratoga - Southern Washington - 065-083-084 Western Dutchess 01 1500EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

Schenectady County 2 W Schenectady 01 1530EST 1830EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A water rescue from a car was reported on Crane Street in Schenectady due to flash flooding.

Albany County Cohoes 01 1600EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 32, north and southbound, on the Cohoes-Waterford bridge in Cohoes was closed due to flooding.

NYZ053-060 Western Columbia - Western Rensselaer 01 1600EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front swept across east central New York Wednesday, December 1st, bringing strong and gusty winds and heavy rains to the area. With the passage of the cold front, winds quickly shifted from the south-southeast to the west, and temperatures rapidly dropped from the 50s into the 30s. Rain mixed with and changed to sleet across the Mohawk Valley in the wake of the cold front, resulting in some minor traffic accidents.

Ahead of the cold front, a very strong south to southeast low level jet resulted in wind gusts up to 55 mph, and with the passage of the front there were wind gusts up to around 50 mph. These strong wind gusts downed trees and power lines, resulting in power outages. Generally, 1 to 3 inches of rain fell across the area with higher amounts of 5 to 7 inches across the higher terrain of the eastern Catskills. Moderate to major flooding was reported in western Ulster and Greene Counties. River flooding occurred in the eastern Catskills, southern Adirondacks and Mohawk Valley. In addition, urban and small stream flooding also occurred across the local area. According to the Albany International Airport, three planes, including one international flight on route from Newfoundland to Newark Liberty International Airport, were forced to land at the Albany International Airport due to the extreme weather conditions along the East Coast.

148 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East NYZ047-049>054- Eastern Albany - Eastern Columbia - Eastern Dutchess - Eastern Greene - Eastern Rensselaer - Eastern 058>061-063>066- Schenectady - Eastern Ulster - Schoharie - Southern Saratoga - Southern Washington - Western Albany - 084 Western Columbia - Western Dutchess - Western Greene - Western Rensselaer - Western Ulster 26 1230EST 27 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major nor'easter brought significant snows and blizzard conditions to much of east central New York Sunday, December 26th into Monday, December 27th. Low pressure initially developed along the Gulf Coast on Christmas. Once the low reached the southeast coast Christmas night, it strengthened and headed northeastward along the East Coast Sunday. Explosive deepening, cyclogenesis, occurred Sunday night as the low moved northward toward Long Island with the low eventually passing directly over Cape Cod early Monday morning. The low then proceeded up the New England coast during the day. Bands of heavy snow with snowfall rates of 1 to 3 inches an hour occurred across the region. Snowfall totals of 1 to 2 feet occurred mainly east of the Hudson River with amounts dropping off dramatically to the northwest of the Capital District. In addition, strong and gusty winds of 35 to 45 mph caused significant blowing and drifting of the snow. Snow emergencies were declared in the following locations: Albany County: City of Albany, City of Watervliet, Village of Castleton-on-Hudson, and Village of Ravena. Greene County: Village of Athens and Town of Cairo. Rensselaer County: Town of Schodack. Saratoga County: City of Mechanicville and Town of Waterford.

NEW YORK, North

NYZ026>028-030> Eastern Clinton - Eastern Essex - Northern Franklin - Northern St. Lawrence - Southern Franklin - 031-034>035 Western Clinton - Western Essex 01 0800EST 1500EST 0 0 400.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A massive and powerful storm system (990mb) moved from the northern Great Lakes on November 30th across Ontario into James Bay Canada on December 1st. An associated cold front slowly moved east across the Great Lakes toward New York and New England with development of several waves of low pressure. Meanwhile, a very strong area of high pressure (1032mb) was located across New Brunswick. The large pressure gradient (> 40mb) between both systems resulted in very strong south to southeast winds in a return flow. Very strong wind dynamics at all levels in the atmosphere resulted in fierce low-level winds in excess of 100 mph just 5000 feet above the surface. Some of these winds eventually transitioned across the higher peaks of the Adirondacks and caused strong down slope winds on the northern slopes of the Adirondacks as well as some strong funneling winds in the Champlain Valley. South to southeast winds of 20 to 30 mph with wind gusts approaching 50 mph occurred for a prolonged duration from pre-dawn to the early afternoon hours. Some of the measured wind gusts included; 54 mph in Ellenburg (Clinton county), 52 mph in Malone (Franklin county), 51 mph in Saranac Lake (Franklin county) with 47 mph in Potsdam (St. Lawrence county) and 43 mph at Massena (St. Lawrence county). The persistent strength and duration of this wind event accounted for numerous reports of limbs, branches and some trees downed by the wind that resulted in scattered to numerous power outages (more than 5000 utility customers) and some minor structural damage as a result of fallen debris.

NYZ027-029>031- Northern Franklin - Southeastern St. Lawrence - Southern Franklin - Western Clinton - Western Essex 034 06 0500EST 07 1200EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large closed upper atmospheric area of low pressure remained quasi-stationary across New England and Quebec from December 5th through December 8th. A relatively strong surface storm located across New Brunswick on December 6th retrograded across Quebec on December 7th.

149 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, North

A broad, deep layered and moisture laden north to northeast flow delivered snow across much of Vermont and portions of northern New York on the 6th and 7th. Local north-northwest facing mountain upslope regions provided local enhancement that accounted for wide variety in snowfall amounts. Snowfall amounts in the Champlain Valley ranged from a trace to several inches, 2 to 6 inches in the St. Lawrence River Valley with higher amounts in the Adirondacks and localized much higher amounts in those favorable upslope locations. some of the highest amounts included; 20 inches in Lake Placid (Essex county), 15 inches in Hannawa Falls (St. Lawrence county), 14 inches in Malone (Franklin county) and 12 inches at Lyon Mountain (Clinton county).

13 1100EST 14 0900EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

NYZ028>031-034> Eastern Clinton - Eastern Essex - Southeastern St. Lawrence - Southern Franklin - Southwestern St. 035-087 Lawrence - Western Clinton - Western Essex 13 1100EST 14 0900EST 0 0 45.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deep and strong low pressure system traveled across the central United States into the lower Great Lakes on December 12th. Meanwhile, low pressure developed along the frontal boundary of the Great Lakes storm in the mid-Atlantic states and strengthened as it moved north across New York and western New England late on the 12th and 13th. Rain that had fallen on December 12th changed to snow around midday on the 13th as the cold front swept across northern New York accounting for rapidly falling temperatures and a quick freeze. Numerous vehicle accidents occurred due to wet roads that quickly became snow covered and icy. Snowfall accumulations across northern New York were generally 3 to 6 inches with localized higher amounts in the mountains. Some specific snowfall amounts include; 6 inches in Lake Placid (Essex county) and Malone (Franklin county), 5 inches in Norfolk (St. Lawrence county) and Plattsburgh (Clinton county) with 4 inches in Moriah (Essex county).

NEW YORK, West Cattaraugus County 1 WSW Olean Giermek Arpt 01 0700EST 04 2200EST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Flood

The Allegheny River at Olean crested at 15.75 feet at 8:30PM EST December 2nd.

Allegany County 1 SE Scio 01 1000EST 2000EST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Flood

The Genesee River at Wellsville crested at 11.90 feet at 1:15PM EST on December 1st.

Livingston County 5 SSW Hunt 01 1200EST 02 0700EST 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Flood

The Genesee River at Portageville crested at 21.67 feet at 1:45AM EDT on December 2nd.

A frontal system moved east from the Ohio Valley and spread a steady rain across western New York. Rainfall totals of three to four inches resulted in not only flooding on major rivers but road flooding was reported throughout Cattaraugus County. The Genesee and Allegheny Rivers both exceeded flood stage. At Wellsville, the Genesee River crested at 11.9 feet (flood stage is 11.0 feet). At Portageville, the Genesee River crested at 21.67 feet (flood stage is 19.0 feet). At Salamanca, the Allegheny River crested at 14.41 feet (flood stage is 12.0 feet). At Olean, the Allegheny River crested at 15.75 feet (flood stage is 10.0 feet). A State of Emergency was declared in Portville. Road flooding was reported in Portville, Carrolton, Olean, Allegany and East Otto. Hinsdale Schools were forced to close due to the flooding.

NYZ010>012-085 Genesee - Northern Erie - Southern Erie - Wyoming 01 1500EST 02 1700EST 0 0 140.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

150 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, West

The second lake effect event of the winter season was one of the most intense and disruptive storms on record for the Buffalo area. It will be remembered not only for its intense and deep snowfalls, but for the incredibly tight snowfall gradient on the northern edge across the most densely populated region of metro Buffalo, attesting to its remarkable steady state, moving less than 3 miles during a 30 hour period. This allowed snowfall rates of 1-2 inches per hour to fall over the exact same area. The event evolved quickly as a major synoptic storm departed the area. Temperatures on the 1st started the day in the 50s but fell rapidly. A lake plume developed off Lake Erie by early afternoon on a southwest flow and intensified by 3 pm as it rolled into the Buffalo South Towns. The band then lifted north a bit during the early evening and remained pretty much locked in place for the next 30 hours or so. There was the typical thunder and lightning often seen during early season events. The wind fields finally weakened with increasing shear as a surface ridge built in by Friday morning the 3rd, disrupting and dissipating the band. Snowfall amounts were incredible within the band. A general 30 to 40 inches fell in about a five mile strip which ran from Lackawanna and southeast Buffalo, east northeast across northern West Seneca, south Cheektowaga, Depew and Lancaster over to Alden. Amounts dropped off steadily to the south, with about a foot in Orchard Park and less further south. The real story was the northern gradient though. Amounts dropped from two feet to a dusting in just a 3 or 4 mile distance! This was evident along north-south roads like Transit and Harlem. For example, no measurable snow fell at Main and Harlem, but two feet at Walden and Harlem. The Buffalo Airport was right at the cutoff, with 2 inches at its northwest corner and a foot at its southeast corner! Further west, no snow fell in Buffalo at North Street; four inches at fell City Hall and a foot fell near HSBC arena. This event had major impact, not only in the 300,000 or so people affected, but from a major backup and shut down of the NYS Thruway from Exit 52 to 54, with hundreds stranded for almost 24 hours. Reported snow totals: 42 Depew; 30 Elma, Lancaster and West Seneca; 23 Marilla; 17 Darien; 16 Wales; 14 Akron; 11 East Aurora and Warsaw; and Buffalo trace across North Buffalo to 39 across the southeast corner of the city. Activity off Lake Ontario, usually fairly similar to Erie, did not materialize nearly as well this time. There was a broad area of snow showers and heavier snow, but single banding never did develop. Shear was much greater and temperatures a bit milder and marginal. A narrow band of eight inch snowfall fell across areas where the snow persisted longest just north of Watertown (Calcium) over to Harrisville.

NYZ007-008 Jefferson - Lewis 01 2100EST 03 0500EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

The second lake effect event of the winter season was one of the most intense and disruptive storms on record for the Buffalo area. It will be remembered not only for its intense and deep snowfalls, but for the incredibly tight snowfall gradient on the northern edge across the most densely populated region of metro Buffalo, attesting to its remarkable steady state, moving less than 3 miles during a 30 hour period. This allowed snowfall rates of 1-2 inches per hour to fall over the exact same area. The event evolved quickly as a major synoptic storm departed the area. Temperatures on the 1st started the day in the 50s but fell rapidly. A lake plume developed off Lake Erie by early afternoon on a southwest flow and intensified by 3 pm as it rolled into the Buffalo South Towns. The band then lifted north a bit during the early evening and remained pretty much locked in place for the next 30 hours or so. There was the typical thunder and lightning often seen during early season events. The wind fields finally weakened with increasing shear as a surface ridge built in by Friday morning the 3rd, disrupting and dissipating the band. Snowfall amounts were incredible within the band. A general 30 to 40 inches fell in about a five mile strip which ran from Lackawanna and southeast Buffalo, east northeast across northern West Seneca, south Cheektowaga, Depew and Lancaster over to Alden. Amounts dropped off steadily to the south, with about a foot in Orchard Park and less further south. The real story was the northern gradient though. Amounts dropped from two feet to a dusting in just a 3 or 4 mile distance! This was evident along north-south roads like Transit and Harlem. For example, no measurable snow fell at Main and Harlem, but two feet at Walden and Harlem. The Buffalo Airport was right at the cutoff, with 2 inches at its northwest corner and a foot at its southeast corner! Further west, no snow fell in Buffalo at North Street; four inches at fell City Hall and a foot fell near HSBC arena. This event had major impact, not only in the 300,000 or so people affected, but from a major backup and shut down of the NYS Thruway from Exit 52 to 54, with hundreds stranded for almost 24 hours.

NYZ003>006-019> Cattaraugus - Chautauqua - Monroe - Northern Cayuga - Oswego - Wayne 020 05 1600EST 08 0300EST 0 0 105.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

NYZ007-008 Jefferson - Lewis 07 0300EST 08 0200EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

151 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, West

A strong northwest flow of arctic air with plenty of lingering synoptic moisture from a low over Quebec produced long lasting lake effect snow squalls to the southeast of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Upstream influences from Georgian Bay and Lake Huron only intensified the activity. The event began on Sunday 5th with strong bands off Lakes Huron and Ontario. The Ontario band worked across the Rochester area during the afternoon and then slowly settled south overnight, and combined with a Georgian Bay band to drop 4 to 8 inches on Buffalo's north suburbs on Monday 6th. This activity broke down later Monday but strong bands set up Monday night and continued through Wednesday night in an area from Rochester to Syracuse as winds backed for better fetch. There was also a persistent band over far northern Oswego County northeast into the western Tug Hill, with a major upslope component, aided by the western edge of the synoptic snowfall. To the west, the story was a major and long lasting plume which originated off Lake Huron and extended across London and Lake Erie and then on down across central Chautauqua and southwest Cattaraugus counties into northwest Pennsylvania. This plume was very persistent and moved only a few miles in three days. Snowfall amounts under this band were prodigious, up to near 4 feet at Randolph. Two to four feet fell within the narrow band off Lake Ontario. Specific snowfall reports off Lake Erie included: Randolph 47 inches; Cherry Hill 34 inches; Perrysburg 25 inches; Hinsdale 24 inches; and Franklinville 19 inches. Off Lake Ontario reported snow totals included: Lacona 51 inches; Newark 42 inches; Fulton and Marion 29 inches; Rochester 24 inches; and Phoenix 22 inches.

NYZ020 Cattaraugus 12 1700EST 14 1200EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

NYZ003>006-014 Monroe - Northern Cayuga - Ontario - Oswego - Wayne 13 2000EST 0 0 125.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 14

NYZ001-011>012- Genesee - Niagara - Orleans - Southern Erie - Wyoming 085 14 0300EST 0200EST 0 0 70.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

NYZ007-008 Jefferson - Lewis 16 0600EST 17 0100EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

The fourth lake effect event of the winter season followed on the heels of storm which brought a cold rain to most of the area. The event was long lasting and featured three sub events. Most of the accumulation occurred during these three sub event periods, a north to northwest upslope flow from late Monday the 13th through Tuesday morning the 14th which brought six to ten inches from Monroe to Wayne county and over a foot to the Chautauqua ridge; a rare narrow but intense band from Georgian Bay which worked slowly across the Niagara frontier during afternoon of Tuesday 14th dropping 4 to 7 inches; and a broader west northwest flow off the east end of Lake Ontario on Wednesday night and Thursday morning the 15th-16th dropped over a foot of snow over Oswego county. Again, lighter activity continued outside of these periods but accumulating snow fell at least until Friday. The four-day totals topped two feet over much of Wayne and Oswego counties and over a foot back across Greater Rochester as well as over some higher elevations south of Buffalo. Off Lake Erie, storm totals included: 22 inches at Perrysburg; 16 inches at Randolph; 14 inches at Hinsdale; and 12 inches at Boston and Buffalo. Off Lake Ontario, reported totals included: 35 inches at Lacona; 30 inches at Fulton; 28 inches at Walworth; 25 inches at Pulaski; 23 inches at Marion and 18 inches at Rochester.

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Stanly County 2 S Stanfield 01 0050EST 1 WNW Albemarle Arpt 0112EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down along the swath with downed trees reported on Math Road at Lovemill Road, NC Highway 52 and Farm Brook Drive. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Davidson County 2 SSW Reeds Xrds 01 0100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

One tree was blown down on NC Highway 150 at Tilden Nursery Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

152 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Anson County 3 N Peachland 01 0110EST 1 NNW Polkton 0115EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Savannah Road and Beverly Street. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Forsyth County 2 E Pfafftown 01 0111EST 3 E Union Cross 0116EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down along a swath extending from Winston Salem to Kernersville. Downed trees blocked traffic on Yadkinville Road and Bon Air Avenue. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Randolph County 3 NNE Glenola 01 0130EST 4 S Liberty 0215EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down along a swath extending just east of Archdale to Staley.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 1 S Uwharie 01 0140EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down along Highway 109. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Richmond County 1 ESE East Rockingham 01 0250EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

One large tree was blown down on State Route 1939 in east Rockingham.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Chatham County 1 NNW Crutchfield Xrds 01 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down on Tom Stevens Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Moore County 4 NW Harris 01 0315EST Southern Pines 0320EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down along a swath extending from Eagle Springs to Southern Pines.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Orange County 5 ENE Schley 01 0340EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down on Guess Road at New Sharon Road and near the intersection of NC Highway 751 and Highway 70. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Franklin County 1 SW Pocomoke 01 0450EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG) 1 SSW Needmore Several trees were blown down near Franklinton including downed trees on Tom Linum Road, Long Mill Road, and West River Road. A line of thunderstorms along a slow moving cold front strengthened overnight as a powerful upper trough moved through the region. A convective bow line segment produced widespread wind damage across much of central North Carolina. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

153 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Central NCZ007>011-021> Alamance - Chatham - Davidson - Durham - Edgecombe - Forsyth - Franklin - Granville - Guilford - 028-038>042 Halifax - Johnston - Nash - Orange - Person - Randolph - Vance - Wake - Warren 04 1100EST 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

As a storm system track just south of the region between one to three inches of snow fell along and north of Highway 64 to the Virginia border. The heaviest snow fell in a band more more than 30 miles wide.

16 0000EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NCZ007>011-022> Alamance - Anson - Chatham - Cumberland - Davidson - Durham - Edgecombe - Franklin - Granville - 028-038>043-073> Guilford - Halifax - Harnett - Hoke - Johnston - Lee - Montgomery - Moore - Nash - Orange - Person - 078-083>086-088> Randolph - Richmond - Sampson - Scotland - Stanly - Vance - Wake - Warren - Wayne - Wilson 089 16 0000EST 1700EST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weak storm system tracking west to east across the state combined with cold air to produce a prolonged period of light snow and light freezing rain. Many location experienced enough icing to cause accidents. Due to the snow and ice falling in the morning near rush hour numerous accidents were reported. Three individuals were killed in Central North Carolina as a result of these accidents.

NCZ009-023-039 Alamance - Orange - Randolph - Vance 18 1300EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A brief period of light snow fell mainly along and north of Highway 64 resulting in up to one inch of accumulation around the Triangle.

NCZ007>011-021> Alamance - Anson - Chatham - Cumberland - Davidson - Durham - Edgecombe - Forsyth - Franklin - 028-038>043-074> Granville - Guilford - Halifax - Harnett - Hoke - Johnston - Lee - Montgomery - Moore - Nash - Orange - 078-083>086-088> Person - Randolph - Richmond - Sampson - Scotland - Vance - Wake - Warren - Wayne - Wilson 089 25 1000EST 26 2200EST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful winter storm struck North Carolina bringing a prolonged period of heave snow lasting from late Christmas morning through much of December 26th. Eight to fifteen inches of snow blanketed the region and prolonged cold temperatures allows road condition to remain dangerous in some areas for many days. Due to the holiday fewer than normal accidents and injuries were reported.

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Coastal Duplin County 1 W Warsaw 01 0335EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Strong winds blew down power lines in Warsaw, time estimated from radar.

A strong cold front crossed eastern North Carolina during the morning of December 1st 2010. Isolated thunderstorms developed just ahead of the cold front and one produced wind damage in Duplin County. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. NCZ090 Duplin 16 0700EST 1100EST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A warm front lifted slowly north across eastern North Carolina on December 16th 2010. A light wintry mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain developed during the morning hours over eastern North Carolina just north of the warm front. This mixed precipitation fell on very cold surfaces and produced slick spots on roads with one fatal accident occurring in Duplin County. M?VE

NCZ029-044>047- Beaufort - Craven - Duplin - Eastern Dare - Greene - Jones - Lenoir - Martin - Onslow - Pamlico - Pitt - 079>081-090>094- Tyrrell - Washington - Western Dare - Western Hyde 098-103 26 0300EST 2000EST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

154 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Coastal

Strong low pressure moved northeast just offshore of the North Carolina coast on Dec 26th 2010. As the low approached the region areas of rain developed during the evening of Dec 25th. As cold air spread in during the early morning hours of Dec 26th the rain gradually turned to snow over the inland areas with the snow lasting into the afternoon. Closer to the coast the rain did not change to snow until later in the morning. This storm produced snow amounts ranging from 7 to 10 inches over the northern Coastal Plain to less than 1 inch over the southern Outer Banks.

NORTH CAROLINA, Extreme Southwest

NCZ060-061 Cherokee - Clay 25 0000EST 27 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracked through region producing snow over a 3 day period. Generally 1 to 4 inches of snow was reported in the lower elevations, while up to 8 inches of snow fell across the higher elevations.

NORTH CAROLINA, North Coastal

NCZ012>017-030> Bertie - Camden - Chowan - Eastern Currituck - Gates - Hertford - Northampton - Pasquotank - 032-102 Perquimans - Western Currituck 16 1000EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure moving across the Mid Atlantic region and off the coast produced between one and three inches of snow across portions of northeast North Carolina during Thursday, December 16th.

25 1300EST 26 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NCZ013-017-030> Bertie - Chowan - Gates - Hertford - Perquimans - Western Currituck 032 25 1300EST 26 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NCZ015-102 Camden - Eastern Currituck - Pasquotank 26 0300EST 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between five and thirteen inches of snow across northeast North Carolina from Saturday afternoon, December 25th, into Sunday evening December 26th.

NORTH CAROLINA, Northwest and North Central Rockingham County 1 WNW Mayodan Mayo Arpt 01 0144EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on NC 704 and Sisk Mill Loop. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rockingham County 2 WNW Price 01 0144EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Anglin Mill Road. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rockingham County Mayodan Mayo Arpt 01 0146EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Ayesville Road. Damage values are estimated.

155 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Northwest and North Central

Trees were downed in association with thunderstorms along a cold front as it passed through the region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Ashe County 6 S Scottville 01 0230EST 0530EST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding prompted several roads to be flooded near Laurel Springs. Damage values are estimated.

A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

NCZ001-018 Ashe - Watauga 04 0602EST 05 1000EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure passed across the southern Appalachians. Abundant moisture on the north side of the system combined with cold air over northwest North Carolina to produce five to seven inches of snow.

NCZ001-018 Ashe - Watauga 12 0441EST 14 1330EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NCZ001 Ashe 13 2022EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Very strong northwest winds developed in the wake of a departing cold front. The persistent trajectories and duration of the event helped snow accumulate to over one foot in some locations.

16 0023EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

NCZ003-018 Surry - Watauga 16 0023EST 1602EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved east from the Tennessee valley across northwest North Carolina. Wintry precipitation occurred with the passage of the low across southeast West Virginia. Snow amounts across the region ranged from 1 to 3 inches while sleet and freezing rain were mixed with the snow at the conclusion of the event.

NCZ001-003>006- Ashe - Caswell - Rockingham - Stokes - Surry - Watauga - Wilkes - Yadkin 018>020 25 1020EST 26 0830EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A complex storm system developed from the central Appalachians south to the Gulf of Mexico. The first of two areas of low pressure brought relatively light amounts of snow to all but the eastern Piedmont region of Virginia and North Carolina. The second low took a track that took it through central North Carolina. Snow on the western flanks of this low brought a greater amount of snow to the region. Snowfall amounts varied significantly during this event, and were elevation dependent. Amounts ranged from as little as 3.5 inches to as much as 14.0 inches over northwest and north central North Carolina.

NCZ003 Surry 27 0430EST 1300EST 0 0 18.0K High Wind

Low pressure moved off the New England coast and intensified. High pressure was building into the region. the resultant pressure gradient produced damaging wind gusts that brought trees at at least one power line down.

156 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal NCZ087-096-099 Bladen - Columbus - Pender - Robeson 26 0216EST 1800EST 0 1 5.0K Heavy Snow

Low pressure intensified as it moved up the eastern seaboard, dropping three to six inches of snow over much of the region.

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest Henderson County 1 NE Fletcher 01 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood 2 WSW Holly Spgs 03 Although heavy rainfall began to diminish during the evening, persistent moderate rain combined with runoff to allow flooding to continue across Henderson County into the early morning hours of the 1st. Mud Creek and Bat Fork Creek remained in flood throughout the overnight hours as water worked its way down the French Broad River from Transylvania County. Flood waters on the river progressed as far north as Fletcher, which exceeded flood stage during the afternoon of the 1st. The French Broad River remained in flood until the morning hours of the 3rd.

Transylvania County 1 NE Ecusta 01 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood 1 S Selica 03 Although the heavy rainfall began to abate during the mid-evening hours of November 30th, run-off from the previous heavy rain, combined with persistent moderate rain, caused flooding to continue. Floodwaters also progressed downstream along the French Broad River, and its tributaries, including the Little River and the Davidson River through the overnight hours. It was estimated that as many as 50 roads were closed or water-covered at the height of the flooding. Stream flooding ended early on the morning of December 1st, though river flooding lasted until the morning of the 3rd. Rainfall totals ranged up to 9 inches at Lake Toxaway, with many observers reporting 6 or more inches in and around Brevard.

NCZ065 Henderson 01 0230EST 0 0 75.0K Landslide Stream and river flooding lingered into the first day of December over the southern North Carolina mountains. Stream flooding gradually abated during the morning hours of the 1st, but river flooding, and flooding along tributaries of the French Broad River, continued into the 2nd.

NCZ033-048>053- Avery - Buncombe - Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Graham - Haywood - Madison - McDowell 058>059-501-503- Mountains - Mitchell - Northern Jackson - Swain - Yancey 505 04 0600EST 07 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A storm system brought light snow to the high elevations of the North Carolina mountains early on the 4th. By early afternoon, 1 to 3 inches of snow was reported across the higher elevations, mainly above 3500 feet. After an arctic cold front passed through the area, snow levels dropped quickly during the afternoon and evening, while strong northwest winds resulted in development of scattered to numerous snow showers. The snow showers persisted for almost three days, with snowfall piling up steadily over the ensuing 60 hours. By the morning of the 7th, 3 day accumulations ranged from around 10 inches in the higher elevations of the Smokies, to as much as 18 inches in the higher elevations of the northern mountains. Snowfall totals in the lower elevations were much less, generally 2-6 inches in the valleys of the Tennessee border counties. Gusty winds and very cold temperatures also resulted in wind chill values below 0 in many areas during the overnight and early morning hours.

NCZ062-065-501> Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Eastern McDowell - Greater Burke - Greater Caldwell - 507-509 Henderson - Macon - McDowell Mountains - Polk Mountains - Rutherford Mountains - Southern Jackson

12 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow fell across much of the southern mountains and northern foothills of North Carolina overnight and into the morning hours of the 12th. By mid-morning, most areas above about 1500 feet had 1 to 4 inches of snow. Some areas above 3000 feet had as much as 6 inches. Lower elevations had up to an inch. Although the snow ended in most areas during the morning, snow showers and flurries persisted in the higher elevations of the North Carolina mountains through much of the 13th.

157 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest NCZ033-048>053- Avery - Buncombe - Graham - Haywood - Madison - Mitchell - Northern Jackson - Swain - Transylvania - 058>059-064 Yancey 12 0000EST 14 0300EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

NCZ053 Buncombe 13 0545EST 0 0 20.0K Strong Wind Moderate to heavy snow developed ahead of a cold front over the central and southern mountains during the late evening and early morning hours. The snow continued through the morning hours with many areas seeing accumulations of 3 to 6 inches. Although snow generally ended in most areas by late morning of the 12th, snow showers developing within northwest flow behind the front resulted in additional accumulations across the higher elevations along the Tennessee border. By the time these snow showers tapered off on the morning of the 14th, some of these areas had more than a foot of snow. Very gusty winds and cold temperatures resulted in wind chill values below 0 in many areas during the overnight and early morning hours.

NCZ048-051>053- Buncombe - Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Graham - Haywood - Henderson - Macon - 058>059-062>065- Madison - McDowell Mountains - Northern Jackson - Polk Mountains - Rutherford Mountains - Southern 501-503-505-507- Jackson - Swain - Transylvania - Yancey 509 15 2100EST 16 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light precipitation fell across the mountains during the evening, and continued for much of the overnight. Precipitation mainly fell as freezing rain, although some areas saw a period of light accumulating snow at the onset. By late morning, most areas had received at least a trace of ice accretion, resulting in very slippery roads. Over the piedmont and foothills the majority of the precipitation fell as freezing rain and freezing drizzle. Most areas saw at least trace amounts of ice, with some areas along the I-40 corridor seeing as much as a tenth of an inch. Very hazardous driving conditions existed across the northern foothills and northwest Piedmont. Locations closer to I-85 only saw a light glaze on elevated surfaces and patchy slick spots on roads. Hundreds of traffic accidents were reported across the region. Temperatures warmed above freezing in most areas by late morning.

NCZ033-050 Avery - Mitchell 15 2300EST 16 1100EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Snow developed over the northern mountains late in the evening, and continued into the early morning hours of the 16th. As temperatures warmed aloft, the snow changed to freezing rain and sleet which continued through the morning hours before changing to rain by early afternoon. Most areas received one quarter to one half inch of a combination of ice and sleet. The sleet and ice accumulating on top of the inch of snow that fell earlier created very hazardous driving conditions.

NCZ035>037-056> Alexander - Cabarrus - Catawba - Cleveland - Davie - Eastern McDowell - Eastern Polk - Gaston - 057-068>072-502- Greater Burke - Greater Caldwell - Greater Rutherford - Iredell - Lincoln - Mecklenburg - Rowan 504-506-508-510 16 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light precipitation fell across the mountains during the evening, and continued for much of the overnight. Precipitation mainly fell as freezing rain, although some areas saw a period of light accumulating snow at the onset. By late morning, most areas had received at least a trace of ice accretion, resulting in very slippery roads. Over the piedmont and foothills the majority of the precipitation fell as freezing rain and freezing drizzle. Most areas saw at least trace amounts of ice, with some areas along the I-40 corridor seeing as much as a tenth of an inch. Very hazardous driving conditions existed across the northern foothills and northwest Piedmont. Locations closer to I-85 only saw a light glaze on elevated surfaces and patchy slick spots on roads. Hundreds of traffic accidents were reported across the region. Temperatures warmed above freezing in most areas by late morning.

158 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest NCZ033-035>037- Alexander - Avery - Buncombe - Burke Mountains - Cabarrus - Caldwell Mountains - Catawba - 048>053-056>059- Cleveland - Davie - Eastern McDowell - Eastern Polk - Gaston - Graham - Greater Burke - Greater 062>065-068>072- Caldwell - Greater Rutherford - Haywood - Henderson - Iredell - Lincoln - Macon - Madison - McDowell 082-501>510 Mountains - Mecklenburg - Mitchell - Northern Jackson - Polk Mountains - Rowan - Rutherford Mountains - Southern Jackson - Swain - Transylvania - Union - Yancey

25 0600EST 27 1000EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A developing coastal storm system brought light to moderate snow, with occasional heavy bursts to the mountains beginning around sunrise on Christmas. Snow, heavy at times, continued through the afternoon across the Smoky Mountains and surrounding areas. By Christmas evening, most locations had 6 to 9 inches of fresh snowpack. A brief lull in snowfall occurred overnight. However, snowfall began to increase again during the morning of the 26th, as strong northwest flow resulted in development of numerous snow showers along the Tennessee border. The snow showers continued until the afternoon of the 27th. This resulted in additional accumulations that ranged from a couple of inches in the valleys to more than a foot in the higher elevations. Very gusty winds and cold temperatures resulted in wind chill values less than 0 and considerable blowing and drifting of snow, especially in the high elevations.

NORTH DAKOTA, Central and West

NDZ037-048-051 Dickey - La Moure - Stutsman 03 0900CST 04 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A large area of low pressure originating over the northern Rockies, moved southeast into the central plains and brought widespread light to moderate snow across all of west and central North Dakota Friday, December 3rd, into the early morning hours of Saturday, December 4th. An enhanced area of forcing near an inverted surface trough brought a narrow band of heavy snow to portions of south central North Dakota during this event. Up to 11 inches of snow fell in and around the James River Basin.

NDZ009>013-017> Dunn - Foster - Kidder - McHenry - McKenzie - Mclean - Mercer - Mountrail - Pierce - Sheridan - 019-021>023-025- Stutsman - Ward - Wells - Williams 036>037 10 1100CST 11 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure moving east across North Dakota brought a band of heavy snow from the northwest through central portions of the state Friday, December 10th through early Saturday, December 11th. Six inches up to over a foot of snow fell within this heavy band, with lesser amounts to the north and south. Winds up to 25 mph also creating area of blowing and drifting snow, prompting the North Dakota Department of Transportation to issue a no travel advisory for northwest and central portions of North Dakota.

NDZ002-010>011 Burke - Mountrail - Renville - Ward 14 2300CST 15 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

NDZ004-012 Bottineau - McHenry 15 0000CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

Weak to moderate low level frontogenetical forcing, combined with forcing aloft ahead of a mid level trough, moved across western North Dakota during the evening of the 14th, and became stalled over central North Dakota during the overnight hours of the 15th. Mid level warm air advection ahead of surface warm front, coupled with below freezing surface temperatures, combined with the forcing to result in an extensive area of freezing rain and sleet which fell through the morning hours of the 15th. The heaviest precipitation fell across north central North Dakota, where very hazardous travel conditions developed.

NDZ005-012-022> Dickey - Foster - Kidder - La Moure - McHenry - Pierce - Rollette - Sheridan - Stutsman - Wells 023-025-036>037- 048-051 15 1400CST 16 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

159 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH DAKOTA, Central and West

Low and mid level forcing which brought freezing rain during the early morning hours of the 15th to much of central North Dakota, continued to push slowly east. An enhanced area of frontogenetical forcing, combined with upper level support, eventually set up along a stationary boundary situated north to south across portions of central and eastern North Dakota from the morning of the 15th, lasting into the morning hours of the 16th. Heavy snow resulted, with over one foot reported just west of the Devils Lake Basin, continuing south into the James River Basin.

NDZ001>005-009> Billings - Bottineau - Burke - Dickey - Divide - Dunn - Foster - Kidder - La Moure - McHenry - McKenzie 013-017>023-025- - Mclean - Mercer - Mountrail - Oliver - Pierce - Renville - Rollette - Sheridan - Stutsman - Ward - Wells - 032-036>037-048- Williams 051 20 0700CST 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A large area of surface low pressure ejecting northeast into the Northern Plains brought widespread moderate to heavy snow to much of west and central North Dakota Monday, December 20th through early morning Tuesday, December 21st. The heaviest snow fell across the northern half of North Dakota, where nine to twelve inches occurred. Lesser amount fell across the southwest and south central. In addition to the snow, gusty northwest winds up to 25 mph across the south, created areas of blowing and drifting snow. This resulted in travel hazards and eventually led to travel advisories issued by state and county officials. Patchy freezing drizzle around the James River Basin also contributed to some travel hazards during this episode.

NDZ009>013-017> Dunn - McHenry - McKenzie - Mclean - Mountrail - Pierce - Ward - Williams 018-021 29 1100CST 30 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NDZ037-046>048- Dickey - Emmons - La Moure - Logan - McIntosh - Stutsman 050>051 30 1200CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NDZ023-025-036- Foster - Kidder - Sioux - Wells 045 31 1500CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An inverted trough extending north from an area of surface low pressure over the central plains, brought heavy snow to portions of west and central North Dakota from Wednesday, December 29th until early Thursday, December 30th. Short wave impulses originating from an upper trough enhanced the snowfall, and led to storm total amounts up to seven inches over some areas. Forcing for snow eventually pushed further east, with an enhanced area of snow developing over the southern James River Basin from Thursday, December 30th through Friday, December 31st. Up to near fourteen inches of snow was reported. In addition to the heavy snow, as the surface low over the central plains lifted northeast into the Upper Mississippi Valley December 30th and 31st, a strong pressure gradient developed over central South Dakota and eastern North Dakota. A prolonged period of strong winds over 40 mph, combined with continued snowfall and fresh snow cover on the ground, resulted in blizzard conditions over portions of south central North Dakota from Thursday December 30th through the morning hours of Saturday, January 1st. Numerous travel advisories were issued by state and county officials during this event. Several road closures also occurred, including Interstate 94 from Jamestown to Fargo for several days, and Bismarck to Jamestown New Year's Eve Night through the morning hours of New Year's Eve Day (See Storm Data for January 2011).

160 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH DAKOTA, East NDZ038-049-052- Barnes - Ransom - Richland - Sargent 053 03 1128CST 2353CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of surface low pressure moved across Nebraska and into southeast Kansas on the 3rd and 4th, while an inverted trough extended up into south central and southeast North Dakota. Six to nine inches of snow fell in a relatively thin band from Lisbon, North Dakota, to Elbow Lake, Minnesota.

NDZ006-014>015- Barnes - Benson - Cass - Cavalier - Eddy - Griggs - Nelson - Ramsey - Ransom - Richland - Sargent - 024-026-028-038> Towner 039-049-052>053 15 1254CST 16 0900CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A persistent surface boundary set up across the western Dakotas, with a tight thermal gradient from west to east. Bands of heavy snow made it as far east as a Cando to Cooperstown to Wyndmere line. The heaviest snow, 12 to 14 inches, fell in the Devils Lake basin, while slight lower amounts, 8 to 11 inches, fell over portions of southeast North Dakota.

NDZ024-028>030- Barnes - Cass - Eddy - Griggs - Ransom - Richland - Steele - Traill 038>039-049-053 19 1446CST 21 0000CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

NDZ006-014>015- Benson - Cavalier - Grand Forks - Nelson - Ramsey - Towner - Western Walsh 026>027-054 20 0411CST 21 0600CST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of surface low pressure formed over south central North Dakota on the evening of the 20th and tracked into central Minnesota by mid morning of the 21st. This helped spread a swath of 6 to 8 inches of snow from Devils Lake to Reynolds (North Dakota) to Mahnomen (Minnesota). Lesser amounts of snow fell to the north and south of this line, but some areas did pick up a little light freezing drizzle.

29 1550CST 30 1012CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

NDZ007-014>015- Benson - Cavalier - Pembina - Ramsey - Western Walsh 054 29 1550CST 30 1012CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A swath of 5 to 7 inches of snow fell across portions of northeast North Dakota, mainly from Minnewaukan to Pembina.

NDZ008-016-027- Barnes - Cass - Eastern Walsh - Grand Forks - Pembina - Ransom - Richland - Sargent - Steele - Traill 029-038>039-049- 052>053 30 1216CST 31 0349CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

As the storm system responsible for the winter storm on the 29th and 30th started to intensify, a surface low pressure system lifted from eastern Nebraska at noon on the 30th and tracked to near Duluth, Minnesota, by midnight. Blizzard conditions developed across portions of southeast North Dakota and west central Minnesota, which had just picked up the 4 to 12 inches of fresh snow. The storm had wide effects on the region, first and foremost on transportation. Interstate 94 was shut down from Jamestown to Alexandria, U. S. Highway 10 was closed from Moorhead to Detroit Lakes, and U. S. Highway 2 was closed from East Grand Forks to Crookston. A 100 car pileup occurred along Interstate 94 west of Fargo, resulting in one death and several injuries. The death was indirect and resulted when a man left his vehicle to help others. All the vehicles involved in the pileup had to wait in their vehicles until rescuers could reach them. Power was also knocked out to several towns in southeast North Dakota.

NDZ008-016-027> Barnes - Cass - Eastern Walsh - Grand Forks - Griggs - Pembina - Ransom - Richland - Sargent - Steele - 030-038>039-049- Traill 052>053 31 0420CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

161 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH DAKOTA, East

As one blizzard event ended, hardly 14 hours passed and portions of the region were back in a second blizzard. These rare back -to-back blizzards ended up shutting down a good majority of events across the area. A second strong surface low pressure system lifted out of southwest Minnesota and tracked toward the Minnesota arrowhead, producing another swath of 6 to 8 inches of snow along with very gusty north winds. This resulted in blizzard conditions from New Years Eve into the 2011 New Year. Regional transportation means were shut down once again. Most of Interstate 94 remained closed from the first blizzard and all of Interstate 29 in North Dakota shut down. Most segments of U. S. Highway's 10 and 2 were shut down and the airports at Fargo and Grand Forks closed.

OHIO, North

OHZ011-013-021> Ashtabula - Cuyahoga - Geauga - Portage - Summit - Trumbull 023 04 2200EST 07 0200EST 0 0 1.4M 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

OHZ020 Medina 05 0200EST 07 2100EST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

OHZ011-013 Cuyahoga - Geauga 08 1200EST 2100EST 0 0 1.25M 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Persistent cold northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie resulted in a prolonged period of moderate to heavy lake effect snow in Northeast Ohio. Lake effect snow showers developed during the late evening hours of December 4th. This activity quickly intensified on the 5th and then continued into December 7th before finally diminishing late in the day. Intense bands of snow were reported on both the 5th and 6th. Snowfall rates at times were in excess of two inches per hour with visibilities near zero. Snowfall totals across northeastern Ohio varied considerably. More than two feet of snow was reported over much of Geauga County, portions of northern Summit and Portage Counties, northwestern Trumbull County and southeastern Cuyahoga County. Locations further west and south generally saw no more than a few inches of snow from the 5th through the 7th. Scattered snow showers persisted into December 8th, but little additional accumulation was reported through midday. A band of intense lake effect snow developed early in the afternoon over Cuyahoga County. This band stretched from downtown Cleveland eastward into Geauga County. Six to as much as ten inches of snow fell on the northern half of the Cleveland metropolitan area during the evening commute. Traffic in the city was reduced to a crawl. Many motorists ran out of the gas on area streets and freeways and were forced to abandon their vehicles. People reported needing an hour to travel just a few blocks. Some commuters needed as much as four hours to get home from work. Northwest winds gusted to as much as 35 mph during the first half of this event which caused blizzard like conditions at times. Drifts over three feet deep were reported during this event and travel was nearly impossible at times. Peak snowfall totals for the counties affected by this event included: 33.0 inches at Burton in Geauga County; 28.0 inches at Hiram in northeast Portage County; 27.3 inches at Solon in southeastern Cuyahoga County; 27.0 inches at Mespotamia in northwestern Trumbull County; 24.3 inches at Sagamore Hills in northern Summit County and 18.8 inches at Brunswick in northern Medina County.

OHZ011>014-020> Ashtabula - Cuyahoga - Geauga - Lake - Medina - Portage - Summit - Trumbull 023 12 1200EST 15 0300EST 0 0 2.2M 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

An area of strong low pressure moved up the Ohio Valley on December 12th. This low shifted to New England by early on the 13th. Cold north to northwest winds behind this low caused lake effect snow showers to develop over Northeast Ohio during the afternoon hours of December 12th. The snow activity intensified on December 13th with periods of moderate to heavy snow during the morning and afternoon hours. Northwest winds gusted to as much as 30 mph on the 13th. The strong winds and snow combined to create near zero visibilities and considerable blowing and drifting. Snowfall rates with the heaviest bands approached two inches per hour. The heaviest snowfall on the 13th fell on southeastern Cuyahoga County, southern Geauga County and the northern portions of Summit and Portage Counties. The lake effect activity lessened during the late evening hours of the 13th and early morning hours of the 14th. The activity picked up again during the morning of the 14th over inland Ashtabula County and northeastern Trumbull County. The snow finally tapered off from west to east late on the 14th and early on the 15th. Snowfall totals over much of the Northeast Ohio snowbelt were in excess of a foot from the 12th through the 15th. Peak totals of over two feet were reported in Portage and Trumbull Counties. Peak totals for each of the counties affected were: 29.5 inches at Kinsman in Trumbull County; 25.3 inches at Kent in Portage County; 22.3 inches at Roaming Shores in inland Ashtabula County; 21.2 inches at Twinsburg in Summit County; 19.0 inched in Russell Township in Geauga County; 16.8 inches at Solon in Cuyahoga County; 12.0 inches at South Madison in Lake County and 9.5 inches at Medina in Medina County. Officially, 14.5 inches of snow was measured at the Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport in Trumbull County on the 12th through the 14th. Drifts of up to three feet deep were reported in some areas. Most of the snow in Lake and Medina Counties fell on the 13th. Travel during this event was treacherous at times. Many schools were closed or delayed on the 13th and 14th.

162 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OHIO, Northwest OHZ001-004>005- Allen - Defiance - Fulton - Henry - Paulding - Putnam - Van Wert - Williams 015>016-024>025 12 0600EST 13 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A deepening area of low pressure tracked eastward near the Interstate 80 corridor in Indiana and Ohio. Precipitation initially began as rain on December 11th, before transitioning to heavy snow on the 12th as colder air filtered in on the backside of this low pressure system. Snowfall totals generally ranged between 3 and 6 inches. Wind gusts of 25 to 35 mph created widespread blowing and drifting snow.

OHIO, Southeast

OHZ075-083>087 Athens - Gallia - Jackson - Lawrence - Meigs - Vinton - Washington

16 0800EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong warm air advection pattern developed as a weak surface low pressure tracked east from Arkansas to southwest Virginia. Three to 5 inches of snow accumulated in less than 12 hours.

OHIO, Southwest

OHZ042>044-046- Adams - Butler - Champaign - Clark - Clermont - Clinton - Darke - Delaware - Franklin - Hamilton - 051>053-055>056- Highland - Licking - Logan - Miami - Montgomery - Pickaway - Pike - Preble - Ross - Scioto - Shelby - 060>061-064-070> Warren 073-077>078-080> 082-088 12 0800EST 13 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow developed across the region during the morning hours of Sunday, December 12th as a strong low pressure system moved through the Great Lakes. The snow continued into Sunday night before tapering off during the morning hours of Monday, December 13th. Much of the area saw 2 to 4 inches. Heavier amounts of up to 6 inches fell between Dayton and Cincinnati. Additionally, westerly winds of 10-20 mph with higher gusts caused blowing and drifting of the snow.

OHZ063>065-070> Adams - Brown - Butler - Clermont - Clinton - Fairfield - Fayette - Hamilton - Highland - Hocking - 074-077>082-088 Pickaway - Pike - Ross - Scioto - Warren 16 0000EST 1500EST 0 0 Winter Storm

OHZ042-051-053> Clark - Darke - Franklin - Greene - Licking - Madison - Miami - Montgomery - Preble 056-060>062 16 0000EST 1500EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure tracked from the southern plains eastward through the Tennessee Valley on Thursday, December 16th. A significant amount of moist air was pulled into the Ohio Valley ahead of this surface low, diminishing significantly as it went further north past the Ohio River.

OKLAHOMA, Eastern Okfuskee County 3 WSW Okemah 31 0401CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Cherokee County 3 SE Tahlequah 31 0535CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

163 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Eastern Adair County 2 NW Baron 31 0601CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Emergency management reported damage to a mobile home from strong thunderstorm winds.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Adair County 2 S Westville 31 0603CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind damaged the roof of a barn. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Adair County 1 NNE Westville 31 0605CST 0608CST 2.1 250 0 0 60.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

This segment is the first of six segments of this long-track tornado. A tornado developed just northeast of Westville and moved rapidly northeastward damaging a home, tossing or rolling four vehicles, snapping at least 13 large power poles, and snapping or uprooting large trees. Estimated maximum wind based on this damage was 125 mph. This tornado continued into Washington County, Arkansas.

Le Flore County 1 NE Panama 31 0755CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into eastern Oklahoma ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of these storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front as it moved into eastern Oklahoma a few hours before sunrise. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that began in Adair County, Oklahoma, and moved into Washington County, Arkansas, where it killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati.

OKLAHOMA, Western Central and Southeast Pontotoc County 6 SSW Allen 31 0335CST 0337CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

An attached car port was destroyed, which also damaged the car that located inside. A chimney was removed from the house. Some other minor roof damage was also reported at the residence. The time was estimated based on radar. Monetary damages were also estimated. A powerful upper level storm system moved through the southern Rockies and into the southern Plains during the late evening hours of the 30th. A pacific cold front, oriented from north to south, pushed to near I-35 after midnight. Strong forcing along this boundary allowed for a band of thunderstorms to develop. The quick movement of the thunderstorms allowed for much of the severe weather to be over eastern Oklahoma. However, one intense supercell moved over Pontotoc county, producing wind damage south of Allen, OK. The thunderstorms intensified as they moved into eastern Oklahoma, with more substantial damage occurring there. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

OREGON, Central and East

ORZ049 Grand Ronde Valley 07 1725PST 08 0100PST 0 0 High Wind

Southerly flow aloft ahead of an eastern Pacific upper level low pressure and a strong surface pressure gradient produced high winds. Peak wind gusts in mph included Hot Lake (61) and 3 miles north of Elgin (58).

ORZ509 East Slopes Of The Oregon Cascades 14 1600PST 15 0100PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A moist westerly flow brought heavy snowfall to northwest Deschutes County. Snowfall amounts in inches were 3 miles southwest of Sisters (7), 3 miles north northeast of Sisters (9).

17 2100PST 19 0330PST 0 0 Heavy Snow 164 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Central and East ORZ042 North Central Oregon 17 2230PST 19 0330PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A surge of moisture from the south brought heavy snowfall to much of the area from LaPine north to near The Dalles. Snowfall reported in inches included Camp Sherman (9), 5 miles north northwest of LaPine (8), Sunriver (8), 3 miles southwest of Rowena (6), 9 miles northwest of Tumalo (7), 5 mles north northwest of Bend (6), 4 miles west northwest of LaPine (6), Redmond (8), 7 miles northwest of Madras (6.6), 5 miles south southwest of Chenowith (5.5), LaPine (6), Three Rivers (12), 5 miles north northwest of Redmond (7.6), and 9 miles northwest of Terrebonne (9).

ORZ050-502-506 Northern Blue Mountains - Ochoco-John Day Highlands - Southern Blue Mountains - Wallowa

27 1100PST 30 2200PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

ORZ509 East Slopes Of The Oregon Cascades 28 1200PST 30 0600PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A moist southerly flow on December 28 was followed by a strong cold front on December 29. Over a 48 hour period, the mountains above 4000 feet received over 2 feet of snow. Reported snowfall amounts in inches included 5 miles north northwest of LaPine (12.5), 3 miles north northeast of Sisters (6), Camp Sherman (7), Seneca (7), Meacham (40), 9 miles north of Elgin (7.9), 10 miles east of Weston (12),5 miles southwest of Spout Springs (8), 6 miles southwest of Kamela (21), 10 miles north northeast of Ukiah (7), Tipton SnoTel (11), Lake Creek SnoTel (17), Sunriver (8.5), Arkbuckle Mtn. Snotel (15), 9 miles northwest of Seneca (7), 6 miles south southwest of Spout Springs (13), 7 miles west of Elgin (12), Flora (7.5), 13 miles northeast of Lostine (5), Spray Mountain (6), and 6 miles northwest of Flora (12). The heavy wet snow caused some tree damage and power outages. In the Summerville area, power was out for up to 47 hours for 800 customers of Oregon Trail Electric Cooperative. Interstate 84 was closed between LaGrande and Pendleton the morning of December 29. Three men and a 3 year old child were stranded and stuck in the snow overnight near Foreman Point on the Warm Springs Reservation. The child and one of the men were treated for minor frostbite.

OREGON, Northwest

ORZ002 Central Oregon Coast 11 1127PST 1252PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific cold front brought strong southerly winds to the central Oregon Coast.

ORZ001 Northern Oregon Coast 12 0155PST 0825PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Another strong Pacific weather system brought strong southerly winds to the north Oregon Coast.

Polk County 4 N Black Rock 13 2112PST 2312PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

Gusty winds were reported at the Rockhouse RAWS site with gusts to 57 kts.

Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Clatsop County 3 NW Ft Stevens 13 2300PST 2310PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

Strong, gusty winds were reported at Clatsop Spit with sustained winds of 35 kts and gusts to 56 kts.

Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

165 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Northwest Lincoln County Lincoln City 13 2300PST 14 0541PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

Strong, gusty winds were reported at Lincoln City with sustained winds of 35 kts and gusts to 53 kts.

A strong cold pool of air aloft produced a very unstable airmass over western Oregon. A vigorous low pressure center was just off the Washington Coast with a surface trough moving through western Oregon. This trough served as a focus for thunderstorms during the day. These thunderstorms produced strong, gusty winds in several locations. Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Marion County 1 ENE Aurora 14 1630PST 15 2100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rainfall over the area caused the Pudding River to overtop its banks and flood farmland.

A strong Pacific weather system brought heavy rainfall to the area in mid December causing flooding on local rivers.

Marion County 1 NNW Aumsville 14 1940PST 1 ESE Shaw 1950PST 5 150 0 2 1.20M 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

On December 14th at 11:40 AM PST, a tornado with an Enhanced Fujita Scale rating of EF2 moved northeast across the community of Aumsville, Oregon. The estimated length of the tornado path was 5 miles with a width of 150 yards. There were two minor injuries, fifty structures damaged, more than thirty large trees blown down or snapped off, five sheds damaged and two semi-trailers tipped over. The estimated value of the damage was $1.2 million.

A strong cold pool of air aloft produced a very unstable airmass over western Oregon. A vigorous low pressure center was just off the Washington Coast with a surface trough moving through western Oregon. This trough served as a focus for thunderstorms during the day. One of these thunderstorms produced a tornado that wreaked havoc on the community of Aumsville.

ORZ011-013 Cascades in Lane County - Northern Oregon Cascades 27 1600PST 29 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A series of strong weather systems brought heavy snow accumulations to the north Oregon Cascades and foothills and the Cascades in Lane County.

ORZ001-002 Central Oregon Coast - Northern Oregon Coast 27 1641PST 1806PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific weather system brought strong winds to the northern and central Oregon Coast.

ORZ010 North Oregon Cascades Foothills 28 1600PST 29 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A series of strong weather systems brought heavy snow accumulations to the north Oregon Cascades and foothills and the Cascades in Lane County. Polk County Suver 29 0649PST 4 SSE Buena Vista 1530PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused the Luckiamute River to rise above flood stage.

A series of strong weather systems brought heavy rain to northwest Oregon causing flooding on local rivers.

166 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Northwest Lane County Creswell 29 1530PST 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

On December 29th at 03:30 PM PST, a thunderstorm produced a funnel cloud, dime size hail and strong winds. A few trees and branches were blown down. The cold, unstable air mass following a strong Pacific weather system that moved through western Oregon produced a few thunderstorms. One of these thunderstorms produced a funnel cloud, hail and strong winds.

Marion County 1 ENE Aurora 30 0110PST 0430PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rainfall over the area caused the Pudding River to overflow its banks and flood farmland.

A series of strong weather systems brought heavy rain to northwest Oregon causing flooding on local rivers.

OREGON, Southeast

ORZ064 Lower Treasure Valley 01 0000MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong winter system plowed into Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho leaving pockets of heavy snow in the Treasure Valley of Idaho and Oregon.

ORZ062 Baker 04 0700MST 1800MST 1 1 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A combination of light freezing rain and snow on the 4th of December caused roads in Baker County, Oregon to become slick and hazardous with many reports of accidents including one fatality. F45VE

ORZ061-063-064 Harney - Lower Treasure Valley - Malheur 19 0000PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A vigorous low pressure system moved northeast across parts of Eastern Oregon leaving heavy, wet snow over most of Harney and Malheur counties.

ORZ062 Baker 27 1900MST 28 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

The wave of low pressure that moved through Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho on the 27th and 28th generally left a foot of new snow across parts of Baker County, Oregon and the West Central and Boise Mountains of Idaho and locally up to nearly 2 feet in some spots.

ORZ061-062 Baker - Harney 28 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 29 The second part of the huge storm that hit Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho left another 12 to 18 inches of new snow across the region with 2 day totals of over 2 feet in some locations.

167 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Southwest ORZ021-022 Coastal Curry - South Central Oregon Coast 07 1300PST 08 0240PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

ORZ031 Central & Eastern Lake 08 0044PST 0144PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front brought high winds to the southern Oregon Coast and to portions of Lake county east of the Cascades.

ORZ023 Central Douglas 14 0000PST 0800PST 1 0 20.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

ORZ031 Central & Eastern Lake 14 0450PST 1038PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An incoming cold front brought high winds to areas of south central Oregon.

ORZ030-031 Central & Eastern Lake - Northern & Eastern Klamath & Western Lake

17 1900PST 18 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Locally heavy snow occurred in south central Oregon due to an ongoing storm.

ORZ031 Central & Eastern Lake 18 0449PST 0450PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Yet another front brought strong winds to southwest and south central Oregon. Several locations reported gusts in excess of 57 mph, but the strong gusts were short lived and only one occurred in an area where it would have a significant impact.

ORZ024 Eastern Curry & Josephine 18 1400PST 20 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A series of systems moved into southwest Oregon during this time period. Most of the precipitation fell as rain...but higher terrain in the area got heavy snow...especially in the Kalmiopsis Wilderness area.

26 0600PST 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Another in a string of winter storms moved through on this date. This one only had moderate snow amounts, but the snow level was low enough to impact areas that normally don't see much snow.

ORZ025-027-030- Central & Eastern Lake - Eastern Douglas Foothills - Northern & Eastern Klamath & Western Lake - 031 South Central Oregon Cascades 28 0900PST 29 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Yet another in a series of winter storms moved through on this date.

Coos County Cedar Pt 29 0745PST 31 1615PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Coquille River at Coquille exceeded the flood stage of 21.00 feet at 29/0745 PST, crested at 23.64 feet at 30/0800 PST, then fell below flood state at 31/1615 PST.

168 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Southwest

A series of storms brought periods of heavy rain to the coast. This led to a flood on the Coquille River as well as the South Fork of the Coquille River farther upstream.

ORZ026 Jackson 29 1400PST 2300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Yet another in a series of winter storms moved through on this date.

Coos County 1 W Myrtle Pt 29 1415PST 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The South Fork of the Coquille at Myrtle Point exceeded the flood stage of 33.00 feet at 29/1315 PST, crested at 33.12 feet at 29/1600 PST, then fell below flood stage at 29/1800 PST.

A series of storms brought periods of heavy rain to the coast. This led to a flood on the Coquille River as well as the South Fork of the Coquille River farther upstream.

ORZ021 South Central Oregon Coast 31 0200PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

Clearing skies and a cold air mass led to a freeze event for portions of the southern Oregon coast.

PENNSYLVANIA, Central Cameron County 2 N Lawn View 01 0500EST 2 S Howard 03 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Flood

Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced extensive flooding. Dozens of state, county and municipal roads were closed. Numerous basements were flooded. The Stevenson Dam was closely monitored for potential flooding as the with pool elevation approached (but crested short of) 1000 feet. Clearfield County 1 NW Sabula 01 0500EST 1 ENE Stiffertown 03 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Flood

Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced extensive aerial and river flooding. Dozens of state, county and municipal roads were closed. Numerous basements were flooded. The West Branch Susquehanna at Mahaffey came out of its banks and flooded nearby areas. Clinton County 5 WNW Keating 01 0500EST 03 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Flood

Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced significant flooding. The Bald Eagle Creek at Beach Creek Station had major flooding and recorded its third highest crest ever at 14.47 feet. The West Branch Susquehanna River at Renovo experienced moderate flooding and crested just over 18 feet. The Kettle Creek at Cross Forks was out of its banks and flooded nearby areas. The West Branch Susquehanna River at Lock Haven crested over moderate flood stage just above 24 feet. As a precaution, emergency crews in Lock Haven closed the Jay Street Bridge with flood gates sealing off the Susquehanna River.

Elk County Highland Corners 01 0500EST 1 ESE Lake City 03 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Flood

Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced extensive flooding. The heavy rainfall over the headwaters of the Allegheny basin caused the Clarion River to rise into moderate flood stage at Johnsonburg and Ridgway, cresting at 9.72 and 19.21 feet respectively. Both crests were in the top five all-time. The Main Street bridge in Ridgway was impassable. Numerous state, county and municipal roads were closed with many residents affected along Penn Avenue. Several basements were flooded with up to 5 feet of water. SR 948 and and SR 66 were closed along Spring Creek.

169 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, Central

Flooding in Ridgeway along the Clarion River on December 1st-3rd, 2010. Photo courtesy: WTAJ-TV10. Mckean County 2 SSE Wetmore 01 0500EST 3 NW Gardeau 03 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Flood

Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced extensive flooding in the Upper Allegheny River Basin. The University of Pittsburgh at Bradford evacuated several dormitories due to nearby flood waters. Flooding along smaller streams and creeks closed numerous state, county and municipal roads. Some of the roads included SR 346 and 446 along Knapp Creek and the Allegheny River in Eldred Township, SR 44 along Oswayo Creek and Bell Run in Ceres Township, SR 1002 (Champlain Hill road) along the Allegheny River in Annin Township, SR 155 along the Portage Creek into Potter County and SR 146 in the Red Mill area. A water rescue was performed at the intersection of Tuna Cross Road and the U.S. 219 underpass. The Emerald Isle Trailer Park was evacuated near Smethport.

Flooding along the Allegheny River over SR 446 in northern McKean County near the NY line on December 1st-3rd, 2010. Photo captured from a YouTube video. Potter County 1 NE Shinglehouse 01 0500EST 3 W Austin 03 0700EST 0 0 800.00K 0.00K Flood

170 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, Central

Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced extensive flooding. The flooding closed numerous state, county and municipal roads including portions of SR 6. Flood waters spilled into first-floor buildings in downtown Coudersport. Numerous basements were flooded. Water rescues was performed at 163 Summit Street in Austin Borough along Freeman's Run and at C & S Lumber in Roulette along the Allegheny River. Flooding was reported along Reeds Run Road, Railroad Avenue, Main Street, Fishing Creek and Lananger Creek in the Roulette area. Evacuations were ordered in West Bingham Township as a result of flooding along the Genesee River.

December 1st-3rd, 2010, the Coudersport Recreational Area Park (CARP) was flooded. Photo courtesy: Coudersport Flood Channel via YouTube. Blair County 1 SSW Puzzletown 01 0700EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flood 1 SSW Oreminea 03 Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produce widespread flooding. The Frankstown Branch of the Juniata River at Williamsburg crested over major flood stage at 15.27 feet. Juniata Valley Road in Frankstown Township was closed between SR 22 from Canoe Creek to Geeseytown. Kettle Road in Tyrone was closed from Golf Course Road to Hileman Road. Several secondary roads were also flooded in Antis Township.

Centre County (PSB)Mid St Arpt Phi 01 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Flood 4 ESE Marengo 03 Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced significant flooding. The flooding closed several state, county and municipal roads in Howard, Curtain, Liberty, Potter and Gregg Townships. The Borough of Milesburg declared a state of emergency and evacuated several residents from the Eagle Creek Trailer Park. The major flooding at confluence of Bald Eagle Creek and Moose Run caused extensive flooding in Milesburg. Unionville and Julian were also hit hard by the flooding. Numerous businesses and homes were affected in downtown Milesburg. U.S. Alternate 220 was closed from Skytop Mountain to Unionville. SR 45 westbound from Pine Grove Mills and Dogtown Road in Potter Township were closed. Water rescues were performed along South Eagle Valley Road in Huston Township. Spring Creek in Houserville came out of its banks and flooded nearby areas.

171 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, Central

The flooded Eagle Creek Trailer Park in Julian, PA on December 1st-3rd, 2010. Photo courtesy: CDT/Nabil K. Mark. Huntingdon County Spruce Creek 01 0700EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flood 2 SSE Aitch 03 Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced significant flooding. The Little Juniata River at Spruce Creek crested just over 11 feet resulting in moderate flooding. The Aughwick Creek at Shirleysburg also crested over moderate flood stage just over 12 feet. Lycoming County 2 NW Jersey Shr 01 0700EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flood 1 WNW Oriole 03 Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced significant flooding. The West Branch Susquehanna at Montgomery, Muncy and Williamsport crested over moderate flood stage. Little Pine Creek at Waterville came out of its banks and flooded nearby areas. Many roads were impassable in Muncy with water surrounding several homes. Other road closures included SR 2012 (Sylvan Dell Road) along the West Branch Susquehanna from Charles Street in South Williamsport to Sylvan Park Road in Armstrong Township, SR 4001 (Little Pine Creek Road) in Pine and Cummings Townships, and SR 44, 287 and 87 along Little Pine Creek and Mill Creek near Montoursville.

Mike OBrien visited the PFBC Greevy Boat access and Riverfront Park in Loyalsock Township this morning and photographed the rising waters of the West Branch of the Susquehanna River. Photo courtesy: Mike OBrien.

172 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, Central Northumberland County Watsontown 01 0700EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flood Dewart 03 Heavy rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches produced significant flooding. The West Branch of the Susquehanna River at Milton crested in the moderate flood category, while the crest at Watsontown was lower in the minor category. Several roads were closed as a result of the flooding including SR 405 between SR 17 and 45 in West Chillisquaque Township, Housels Run Road, SR 1007 (Susquehanna Trail) in Turbot Township and SR 1014 (Brimmer Avenue) in Watsontown.

Union County 1 ENE West Milton 01 0700EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flood 03 Rainfall amounts between 2 and 4 inches caused widespread flooding. The West Branch Susquehanna River at Milton crested over moderate flood stage at just under 23 feet. Widespread heavy rainfall of 2 to 4 inches produced extensive flooding across Central Pennsylvania for the first three days of December 2010. The heavy rain fell in two distinct periods with the first round of 1-2 inches falling by the evening of November 30th. The second period of heavy rain fell overnight into the afternoon on December 1st. The initial rainfall on the 30th resulted in antecedent conditions that proved to be very favorable for significant flooding. The flooding continued to worsen through the morning of the 1st and reached a pinnacle during the afternoon and evening on the 2nd before stream levels and flood waters slowly receded into the morning of the 3nd. Cold season hydrologic conditions (non-receptive or partially frozen soils) contributed to enhanced runoff and poor drainage. Moderate to major flood stages were observed at several river points in the West Branch Susquehanna, Juniata and the headwaters of the Allegheny river basins. The Bald Eagle Creek at Beech Creek Station recorded the third highest crest ever at 14.57 feet. The Clarion River at Ridgway and Johnsonburg recorded the fourth and fifth highest crests ever at 19.21 and 9.72 feet. No injuries or fatalities occurred as a result of the flooding despite numerous water rescues, evacuations and flooded roads.

PAZ024-033 Cambria - Somerset 05 0700EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

PAZ004-005 Mckean - Warren 05 0700EST 07 1900EST 0 0 Lake-Effect Snow

A cold and persistent northwest flow across the Eastern Great Lakes resulted in a prolonged period of heavy snow and significant accumulations in the Northwest Mountains and Laurel Highlands.

PAZ024-033 Cambria - Somerset 13 0700EST 14 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

PAZ004-005 Mckean - Warren 13 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 15 A cold and persistent northwest flow across the Eastern Great Lakes resulted in a prolonged period of lake effect and orographically-enhanced snow showers over the Northwest Mountains and Laurel Highlands. The most significant snow accumulations were localized with the highest amounts between 8 and 12 inches. Frequent wind gusts between 25 and 35 mph produced areas of blowing snow and near-blizzard conditions at times. Temperatures in the single digits and teens combined with brisk winds produced wind chills as cold at 10 below zero.

PENNSYLVANIA, East

PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Bucks - Carbon - Chester - Delaware - Lehigh - Monroe - Montgomery - Northampton - 067>071 Philadelphia 01 0700EST 1300EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

173 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front produced strong south winds across Eastern Pennsylvania during the morning and into the early afternoon on December 1st. Wind gusts were enhanced around a line of showers and isolated thunderstorms that preceded and accompanied the cold frontal passage during the late morning. Peak wind gusts average around 45 mph and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 53 mph in Forks Township (Northampton Township), 50 mph at the Philadelphia International Airport, 47 mph in Reading (Berks County), 45 mph in Coatesville (Chester County), 43 mph in Mount Pocono (Monroe County) and 40 mph at the Lehigh Valley International Airport. The up the Delaware River south to southeast flow and fresh water runoff caused minor tidal flooding along the Delaware River and tidal sections of its tributaries around the morning high tide. In Philadelphia, the high tide reached 8.40 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 8.2 feet above mean lower low water.

Chester County 1 NW Malvern 01 1140EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A severe thunderstorm knocked down a couple of trees in and around Malvern Borough. One downed tree took down wires along the SEPTA Paoli/Thorndale Line and caused suspended rail service between Malvern and Thorndale in Chester County and delays up to 30 minutes on other regional rail lines. An approaching cold front combined with strong winds aloft and an unseasonably mild air mass to trigger a line of showers and thunderstorms during the late morning across southeastern Pennsylvania. Isolated severe thunderstorms formed along this line and exacerbated the wind damage that had already occurred because of the strong winds triggered by the pressure gradient or difference between a strong high pressure system over the Canadian Maritimes and a low pressure system on the approaching cold front. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 1 N Graterford 01 1403EST 1923EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The runoff from the heavy rain, caused minor flooding along the East Branch of the Perkiomen Creek during the afternoon and early evening of the 1st. The East Branch of the Perkiomen Creek near Schwenksville was above its 7 foot flood stage from 203 p.m. EST through 723 p.m. EST on the 1st. It crested at 8.64 feet at 510 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 1.91 inches in Blue Bell and Lansdale, 1.73 inches in Schwenksville, 1.70 inches in Souderton, 1.67 inches in Harleysville and 1.56 inches in Hatfield.

Lehigh County 1 SSE Slatington 01 1832EST 2215EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The runoff from the heavy rain, especially in the Poconos, caused minor flooding along the Lehigh River on the evening of the 1st. The Lehigh River at Walnutport was above its 8 foot flood stage from 632 p.m. EST through 1015 p.m. EST on the 1st. It crested at 8.26 feet at 8 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 4.13 inches in Lehighton (Carbon County), 3.78 inches in Blakeslee (Monroe County), 1.93 inches in Allentown (Lehigh County), 1.76 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport and 1.60 inches in Schnecksville (Lehigh County).

Northampton County 1 SSW Walnutport 01 1832EST 2215EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The runoff from the heavy rain, especially in the Poconos, caused minor flooding along the Lehigh River on the evening of the 1st. The Lehigh River at Walnutport was above its 8 foot flood stage from 632 p.m. EST through 1015 p.m. EST on the 1st. It crested at 8.26 feet at 8 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 4.13 inches in Lehighton (Carbon County), 3.78 inches in Blakeslee (Monroe County), 2.53 inches in Forks Township (Northampton County), 2.25 inches in Glendon (Northampton County) and 1.76 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport.

An approaching cold front and an unseasonably mild air mass preceding it caused heavy rain to fall across Eastern Pennsylvania during the morning and early afternoon on the 1st. The rain itself began during the evening of November 30th and ended from southwest to northeast by the early afternoon of December 1st. Event precipitation totals averaged 1 to 2 inches, except 2 to 4 inches in the Poconos and caused the typical poor drainage flooding in urbanized and low lying areas. The runoff also caused some isolated creek and river flooding.

PAZ054-055 Carbon - Monroe 02 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

174 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The freezing of runoff and standing water from the heavy rain that fell on December 1st caused slippery travel on untreated roadways in the Poconos on the 2nd. Accident causing injuries were reported on U.S. Route 309 in West Penn Township and Pennsylvania State Route 902 in Summit Hill in Carbon County and on Coolbaugh Road in Middle Smithfield Township in Monroe County.

11 2200EST 12 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

PAZ055 Monroe 11 2230EST 12 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The combination of a low pressure system approaching from the Carolinas and a frontal system approaching from the Midwest spread precipitation across the Poconos overnight on the 11th into the 12th. While it was warm enough for precipitation aloft to fall as rain, temperatures at the surface were still below freezing, especially in the higher terrain. There was also some sleet at the start. The freezing rain made driving hazardous on untreated roadways. Temperatures continued to rise overnight on the 11th and by 5 a.m EST on the 12th they had risen above freezing. Ice accretions were generally between one tenth and one quarter of an inch.

PAZ067-070-071 Chester - Delaware - Philadelphia 16 1400EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first widespread measurable but overall light snow event of the winter season came at an unfortunate time during the afternoon of the 16th in extreme southeast Pennsylvania. Accumulations were half an inch or less, but the recent cold weather made it easy for the snow to accumulate. Coupled with it coinciding with the school afternoon and start of the evening commutes led to many accidents across the local Philadelphia area. Representative snowfall included 0.5 inches in Nottingham (Chester County) and Upper Chichester (Delaware County), 0.4 inches in New London (Chester County), 0.3 inches in Wynnewood (Montgomery County), Drexel Hill (Delaware County) and at the Philadelphia International Airport. The light accumulating snow was caused by a rapidly moving low pressure system that went from the Texas Red River valley on the evening of the 15th, to the Tennessee Valley at sunrise on the 16th and off the North Carolina Coast by 7 p.m. EST on the 16th. The rapid movement and the southern storm track precluded heavier snow from occurring and for the snow in general to get much farther north than the local Philadelphia area in Pennsylvania.

26 1100EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

PAZ068>071 Bucks - Delaware - Montgomery - Philadelphia 26 1100EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

PAZ054-060>062 Berks - Carbon - Lehigh - Monroe - Northampton 26 1200EST 27 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A major winter storm caused snowfall amounts of around 6 to 12 inches across Philadelphia and its nearby suburbs. Less snow, on average 2 to 5 inches, fell across Berks County, the Lehigh Valley and the Poconos. Snow started in the local Philadelphia area between 11 a.m. EST and Noon EST on the 26th. The snow spread rapidly northwest and reached into the Lehigh Valley by 1 p.m. EST and Berks County and the Poconos by 2 p.m. Bands of heavier snow affected the local Philadelphia area from the middle of the afternoon on the 26th to just after Midnight EST on the 27th. These bands did not make it farther northwest into Pennsylvania. The winter storm associated snow ended shortly before 7 a.m. EST on the 27th. Some lake effect snow showers continued deeper into the day on the 27th in the Poconos. Strong to high winds hampered plowing operations into the 27th. Ramps were being blown shut by the blowing snow.

175 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

Many municipalities in and around Philadelphia declared either states of emergencies or snow emergencies. SEPTA regional rail lines around Philadelphia reported half hour delays on the 26th and up to 90 minute delays on the 27th. While Philadelphia International Airport never closed, seventy percent (about four hundred) of the flights on the 26th were cancelled. About 1,200 passengers were stranded at the airport that night. About six hundred flights were cancelled on Monday the 27th as blowing and drifting snow hampered plowing. Incoming delays averaged three hours. The airport had every runway opened on the afternoon of the 27th. The winter storm caused the postponement of the Eagles-Vikings professional football game originally scheduled for the evening of the 26th to Tuesday evening the 28th. Some municipal offices were closed on the 27th. Because this event occurred over the weekend, the overall number of accidents was less than average. Trash schedules were delayed about a day and recycling schedules were delayed up to one week. Some malls and shopping centers around Philadelphia had delayed openings on the 27th. Representative snowfall included 12.4 inches in Clifton Heights (Delaware County) and the Philadelphia International Airport, 12.0 inches in Roxborough (Philadelphia County), 11.3 inches in Drexel Hill (Delaware County), 11.0 inches in Wynnewood (Montgomery County) and Rockledge (Philadelphia County), 9.6 inches in Trappe (Montgomery County), 9.0 inches in Blue Bell (Montgomery County), 8.5 inches in Morrisville (Bucks County), 7.7 inches in Furlong (Bucks County), 7.0 inches in East Nantmeal (Chester County) and Royersford (Montgomery County), 6.3 inches in Blakeslee (Monroe County), 6.1 inches in Doylestown (Bucks County), 5.9 inches in West Chester (Chester County), 5.0 inches in Delaware Water Gap (Monroe County), 4.6 inches in Springtown (Bucks County), 3.4 inches in Huffs Church (Berks County), 3.0 inches in Bechtelsville (Berks County) and Easton (Northampton County), 2.8 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport and Weatherly (Carbon County) and 1.0 inch in Lehighton (Carbon County).

The low pressure system responsible for the winter storm entered the United States in southern California on December 22nd. It moved across the southern Rockies and reached the northern Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day. It was still a relatively weak low pressure system, but as it moved across the Gulf of Mexico, it started to strengthen. At 7 p.m. EST on the 25th, the low had deepened to 1004 millibars in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From there, the low made a turn to the northeast while the intensification process increased. At 1 a.m. EST on the 26th, it was a 1001 millibar low, just east of Georgia, at 7 a.m. EST on the 26th a 992 millibar low just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and at 1 p.m. EST on the 26th a 986 millibar low about 100 miles east of Virginia Beach, Virginia. During the next six hours as the upper level support neared, the low's intensification rate peaked and at 7 p.m. EST on the 26th, the surface pressure fell to 972 millibars as it passed about 100 miles east of Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Overnight, the surface low was captured by the upper level low and this slowed its forward progress. At 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, the 970 millibar surface low was located about 50 miles southeast of Montauk Point, New York and at 7 a.m. EST, the 962 millibar low was located just southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th and from there it slowly weakened as it passed south of Nova Scotia. The surface pressure of this winter storm dropped 31 millibars from 1 a.m. EST on the 26th to 1 a.m. EST on the 27th, well exceeding the meteorological definition of a bombing low pressure system (24 millibar drop in 24 hours).

27 0000EST 2000EST 0 0 1.25K 0.00K Strong Wind

PAZ060-062-068> Berks - Bucks - Delaware - Montgomery - Northampton - Philadelphia 071 27 0000EST 1800EST 0 0 7.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

PAZ055-067 Chester - Monroe 27 0600EST 1400EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

Strong to high winds occurred in the wake of the departing winter storm low pressure system on the 27th across Eastern Pennsylvania. Peak wind gusts average 50 to 55 mph and knocked down some weak tree limbs and power lines. The largest effect though was the considerable blowing and drifting of the snow the wind caused. This hampered plowing and clean-up operations after the snow ended. Sporadic power outages were reported in the local Philadelphia area. The winds were caused first by pressure gradient (difference) between the low pressure system and a strong high pressure building east from the central part of the United States. Winds eased as the low moved farther away from the Middle Atlantic States as the day progressed on the 27th as well as it stopped intensifying after the morning of the 27th. The low pressure system's surface pressure bottomed at 961 millibars at 10 a.m. EST on the 27th as it was passing just east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

PAZ070-071 Delaware - Philadelphia 28 0000EST 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

176 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The persistent offshore flow caused by the departed winter storm and an approaching high pressure system caused blow out tides to occur at the time of low tide on the Delaware River and tidal sections of its tributaries overnight on the 27th into the early morning on the 28th. The low tide in Philadelphia reached 1.96 feet below mean lower low water. Blowout tides start at levels lower 1.80 feet below mean lower low water.

PENNSYLVANIA, Northwest

PAZ002-003 Crawford - Southern Erie 04 2200EST 09 2100EST 0 0 800.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Persistent cold northwest winds blowing across Lake Erie resulted in a prolonged period of moderate to heavy lake effect snow in northwestern Pennsylvania. Lake effect snow showers developed during the late evening hours of December 4th. This activity quickly intensified on the 5th and then continued into December 8th before finally tapering off. Intense bands of snow were reported on the 5th, 6th and first half of the 7th. Snowfall rates of up to three inches per hour were reported at times with near zero visibilities. Snowfall totals across Erie and Crawford Counties varied considerably. Locations near Lake Erie in Erie County generally saw no more than a few inches of accumulation over the four day period. Further inland in Erie County, up to four feet of snow was reported in some areas. In Crawford County, snowfall totals ranged from nearly five feet in the northern half of the county to less than a foot in the south. Northwest winds gusted to as much as 40 mph during this event causing blizzard like conditions at times. Drifts many feet deep were reported and travel was nearly impossible at times. Snowfall totals for this event from Crawford County included: 58.7 inches northeast of Blooming Valley; 58.0 inches near Woocock; 46.3 inches at Canadohta Lake; 40.5 inches southwest of Conneautvile and 36.8 inches at Meadville. Storm totals in Erie County included: 47.1 inches at Pont; 46 inches at Corry; 33.5 in Amity Township and 33.0 inches at Edinboro. Only 5.7 inches of snow was measured at Erie International Airport on the 4th through the 8th.

12 1200EST 0 0 300.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 15

PAZ003 Crawford 12 1200EST 0 0 250.0K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow 15 An area of strong low pressure moved up the Ohio Valley on December 12th. This low shifted to New England by early on the 13th. Cold north to northwest winds behind this low caused lake effect snow showers to develop over northwestern Pennsylvania during the afternoon hours of December 12th. The snow activity intensified on December 13th with periods of moderate to heavy snow during the morning and afternoon hours. Northwest winds gusted to as much as 30 mph on the 13th. The strong winds and snow combined to create near zero visibilities and considerable blowing and drifting. Snowfall rates with the heaviest bands approached two inches per hour. The lake effect activity lessened during the late evening hours of the 13th and early morning hours of the 14th. The activity picked up again during the morning of the 14th over inland Erie County and the northern half of Crawford County. The lake effect activity began to diminish late on the 14th and finally ended around midday on the 15th. In Erie County, a peak of 25.0 inches was reported in Amity Township with most of this total falling on the 14th. In Crawford County, 24.0 inches was reported northeast of Blooming Valley with 23.5 inches at Meadville and 22.2 inches near Canadohta Lake. Drifts of up to three feet deep were reported in some areas. Travel during this event was treacherous at times. Some school districts were closed or delayed on the 13th, 14th and 15th.

PENNSYLVANIA, West Beaver County 1 NNW North Sewickley 01 0130EST 02 1630EST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Flood

Firefighters rescue numerous residents trapped by the rising waters of the Connoquesnessing along Rustic Park Drive. Country Club Drive is closed due to flooding. School also affected.

Beaver County Fombell 01 0140EST 02 1600EST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flood

Flooding in Fombell closing roadways and requiring people to leave their homes.

177 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, West Butler County 1 WSW Zelienople 01 0140EST 1 E Zelienople Muni Arpt 02 1620EST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Flood

Flooding in Harmony and Zelienople. Numerous roadways closed.

Lawrence County 1 SSE Ellwood City 01 0140EST 1 SW Ellport 02 1630EST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flood

Reports of numerous roads closed and at least one bridge in Ellwood City.

A cold front associated with a surface low pressure system centered over Lake Superior approached the region late Tuesday, November 30th. Abundant moisture and temperatures above freezing ahead of the cold front allowed for most of the precipitation to fall as heavy rain. As much as three inches of rain fell over the region causing the Connoquenessing creek in Beaver, Butler and Lawrence counties to rise above flood stage early Wednesday morning. Homes along the Connoquenessing were evacuated in all three counties as water levels rose and surrounded homes.

PAZ007 Mercer 05 0500EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

PAZ076 FAYETTE RIDGES 05 0800EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

PAZ008-014-074 Butler - Forest - Venango - WESTMORELAND RIDGES 05 0800EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Deep low pressure sitting over the eastern Great Lakes brought prolonged cold northwest flow across the region producing intense lake effect snow bands into northwest Pennsylvania and the higher ridges of western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. Storm total snowfall ranged from 6 to 10 inches with isolated 12 inch reports across northwest Pennsylvania and extended south into Butler county. Amounts in the ridges of western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland ranged from 12 to 18 inches.

PAZ007-074-076 Fayette Ridges - Mercer - Westmoreland Ridges 13 0400EST 15 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved east across the upper Ohio Valley bringing mixed precipitation followed by cold northwest flow. Lake effect snow bands produced heavy snow in Mercer county Pennsylvania, as well as the ridges in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. Heavy snow also fell in the ridges of Preston and Tucker counties of West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. Storm totals of 6 to 10 inches of snow fell across portions of pennsylavania, with more than one foot of snow in portions of West Virginia and Garrett county Maryland.

RHODE ISLAND

RIZ001>007 Bristol - Eastern Kent - Newport - Northwest Providence - Southeast Providence - Washington - Western Kent 26 0500EST 27 1900EST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strengthening winter storm passed southeast of Nantucket and brought heavy snow and strong winds to much of Rhode Island, resulting in near blizzard conditions at times. More than 2000 flights were cancelled along the east coast due to the storm and Amtrak service between New York and Boston was suspended during the storm. Despite numerous flight cancellations, T.F. Green Airport in Warwick remained open. Snowfall totals ranged from 6 to 8 inches along the south coast to as much as 8 to 15 inches elsewhere.

RIZ008 Block Island 27 0015EST 0223EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

178 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

RHODE ISLAND

A strengthening winter storm passed southeast of Nantucket and brought a period of high winds to portions of southern New England, along with heavy snow and coastal flooding.

SOUTH CAROLINA, Central Lancaster County 4 SW Douglas 01 0010EST 0012EST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Sheriff reported a tree down on Hwy 200 in Bell Town Community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Kershaw County Camden 01 0012EST 0014EST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Sheriff reported a few trees down on Porter Road and at the race track.

A squall line associated with a strong cold front moved through the area and took down trees and powerlines throughout. Some minor structural damage was done to an elementary school in McCormick county when a few trees fell onto the building. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

SCZ015-018-020> Aiken - Calhoun - Chesterfield - Clarendon - Edgefield - Fairfield - Kershaw - Lancaster - Lee - Lexington 022-025>031-036> - McCormick - Newberry - Orangeburg - Richland - Saluda - Sumter 038 26 0330EST 1230EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved through the Gulf of Mexico then up the east coast bringing snow to much of the Midlands of South Carolina. Amounts ranged from less than an inch in the lower Midlands to around 5 inches in the northern Midlands.

SOUTH CAROLINA, North Coastal Darlington County 1 SSW Society Hill 01 0247EST 0248EST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were reported down at Bellevue Plantation Near Highway 52. The report was initially provided by the South Carolina Highway Patrol and then relayed via WMBF-TV. The time was estimated based on radar data.

A very strong cold front moved from west to east across the Carolinas overnight. Tropical air pulled north ahead of the front and yielded weak instability. Helicity values were high and winds were strong through the depth of the troposphere. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

SCZ033 Marion 06 0700EST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill Unseasonably cold weather was apparently responsible for a man's death in Marion County. M47OU

SCZ017-023-032> Darlington - Dillon - Florence - Horry - Marion - Marlboro - Williamsburg 034-039 26 0255EST 1800EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Low pressure intensified as it moved up the eastern seaboard, dropping two to four inches of snow over much of the region.

179 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH CAROLINA, Northwest SCZ001>003 Greenville Mountains - Oconee Mountains - Pickens Mountains 12 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow fell across the higher elevations of South Carolina overnight and into the morning of the 12th. By mid-morning, most areas above about 1500 feet had 1 to 4 inches of snow. Lower elevations had up to an inch.

15 2100EST 16 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

SCZ002-003 Greenville Mountains - Pickens Mountains 15 2100EST 16 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

SCZ004>009 Cherokee - Greater Greenville - Greater Oconee - Greater Pickens - Spartanburg - York

16 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light freezing rain and drizzle developed over the northern part of the Upstate overnight and persisted through the morning of the 16th. Locations closer to I-85 only saw a light glaze on elevated surfaces and patchy slick spots on roads, while roads were more slippery up in the mountains.

SCZ001>003-006> Cherokee - Greater Greenville - Greenville Mountains - Oconee Mountains - Pickens Mountains - 008 Spartanburg 25 0900EST 26 0600EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A developing coastal storm system brought light to moderate snow to the mountains of South Carolina starting late on Christmas morning. By late afternoon, most locations enjoyed a rare white Christmas, with 1 to 4 inches of snow reported. Snow, heavy at times and occasionally mixed with rain, continued across the area, with heavy accumulations reached in most areas by early-evening. By the time snow tapered off to flurries and light snow showers early on the 26th, snowfall totals ranged from 4 to 7 inches across much of the area.

SCZ004-010>012- Abbeville - Anderson - Chester - Greater Oconee - Greater Pickens - Greenwood - Laurens 014-019 25 2100EST 26 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A developing coastal storm brought a mix of light rain and snow to portions of the piedmont and foothills of South Carolina by late Christmas evening. By midnight, precipitation had changed to all snow in most areas, and by the time the snow tapered off to snow showers and flurries on the 26th, most areas reported 1 to 3 inches of snowfall.

SCZ009-013 Union - York 25 2300EST 26 1000EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A developing coastal storm brought a mix of light rain and snow to portions of the upstate and northwest piedmont of South Carolina during Christmas afternoon. By early evening, precipitation had changed to all snow over the upstate, and most areas had experienced a rare white Christmas by late evening. At the Greenville-Spartanburg Airport, it was the first white Christmas since 1962. Over the northwest piedmont precipitation didnt change over to all snow until shortly after midnight. Snow continued to fall steadily throughout Christmas evening, and upstate locations reported heavy snowfall totals by midnight. The northwest piedmont didnt see heavy snow totals until shortly before sunrise. By the time the snow tapered off to flurries and light snow showers on the 26th, 2 to 5 inches had fallen across the area.

180 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH CAROLINA, South Coastal SCZ044 Dorchester 01 0245EST 0246EST 0 0 0.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front moved through southern South Carolina during the early morning hours, resulting in strong winds across the local area.

SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North

SDZ007-008 Marshall - Roberts 03 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 04 A large area of snowfall occurred across northeast South Dakota with an embedded heavier band of snow occurring along the North Dakota border. Snowfall amounts of 1 to 8 inches occurred across the area with the heaviest snow falling across northern Marshall and northern Roberts counties. The heaviest snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Roy Lake and Victor, 7 inches 9NW of Britton, and 8 inches 7NW of Veblen.

SDZ008-011-018> Clark - Codington - Day - Deuel - Grant - Hamlin - Roberts - Spink 023 11 0400CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong Alberta Clipper came across the region bringing snowfall, strong northwest winds, along with bitter cold Arctic air from the early morning until the late afternoon. Snowfall of 1 to 5 inches combined with 25 to 35 mph winds gusting to 45 mph brought widespread blizzard conditions across much of northeast South Dakota. Travel was significantly disrupted or halted as a result with many events cancelled. The blizzard was short-lived from the mid morning hours into the early afternoon hours. The snowfall began between midnight and 2 am CST and ended from 2 to 4 pm CST in the afternoon.

SDZ008-021 Grant - Roberts 15 1915CST 16 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow fell across northeast South Dakota with some heavy snow occurring across Roberts and Grant counties. Snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Big Stone City, 7 inches at Sisseton, 8 inches near Rosholt and Wilmot, with 9 inches at Victor. The heavy snow affected travel with some schools closed.

SDZ007-021>023 Deuel - Grant - Hamlin - Marshall - Roberts 20 0700CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Widespread snowfall occurred across northeast South Dakota from the morning into the early evening hours. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 7 inches occurred with this system. The heavy snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Britton, Sisseton, Summit, Clear Lake, Castlewood, and 8N Milbank, with 7 inches at Bryant.

SDZ008 Roberts 23 0600CST 24 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Widespread snow fell across north central and northeast South Dakota bringing generally 3 to 5 inches. Some isolated heavy snow amounts occurred in Roberts county. Some snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Sisseton and 8 inches northeast of Victor.

SDZ003>011-015> Brown - Buffalo - Campbell - Clark - Codington - Corson - Day - Deuel - Dewey - Edmunds - Faulk - 023-033>037-045- Grant - Hamlin - Hand - Hughes - Hyde - Jones - Lyman - Marshall - McPherson - Potter - Roberts - 048-051 Spink - Stanley - Sully - Walworth 30 1000CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

181 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North

A strong upper level low pressure trough and associated surface low pressure area moved across the region bringing the first of two consecutive blizzards to central and northeast South Dakota. Snowfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches combined with bitter cold north winds of 25 to 40 mph caused widespread blizzard conditions across central and northeast South Dakota from the late morning until the evening hours. Near zero visibilities caused dangerous travel conditions resulting in the closing of Interstates 29 and 90 along with several highways across the region. Several hundred people were stranded as a result of the storm. A group of fishermen had to be rescued in Day county when they became stranded on the ice. The snowfall began across the area anywhere from 7 to 11 am CST and ended between 10 pm and 1 am CST.

SDZ003-006>011- Brown - Buffalo - Campbell - Clark - Codington - Corson - Day - Deuel - Dewey - Edmunds - Faulk - 015>023-033>037- Grant - Hamlin - Hand - Hughes - Hyde - Jones - Lyman - Marshall - Potter - Roberts - Spink - Stanley - 045-048-051 Sully - Walworth 31 0800CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A second stronger surface low pressure area moved across the region on New Year's Eve bringing widespread heavy snowfall along with blizzard conditions. Bitter cold northwest winds of 25 to 40 mph combined with additional snowfall of 6 to 10 inches brought visibilities to near zero across much of the region. This was the second blizzard in two days across the region. The blizzard conditions continued into early New Year's Day. Both Interstates 29 and 90 were closed from the 31st until Sunday, January 2nd. There were several stranded motorists along Highway 83 with five people being rescued. The total snowfall amounts from the two storms ranged from 6 to 15 inches across the region. The two day snowfall amounts included 6 inches at Eagle Butte; 7 inches at Doland; 8 inches at Mobridge and Gann Valley; 9 inches at Castlewood; 10 inches at Murdo, Clark, Ipswich, Kennebec, and Watertown and 11 inches at Clear Lake and Bryant. Locations with a foot or more of snow included 12 inches at Aberdeen, Gettysburg, Highmore, Milbank, Mission Ridge, and Bowdle; 13 inches at Eureka, Pierre, Onida, and Blunt; 14 inches at Mellette, Sisseton, Victor, and Roscoe with 15 inches at Britton, Webster, and Redfield. The snowfall began between 6 am and noon CST on the 31st and ended between 4 am and 11 am CST on the January 1st.

SOUTH DAKOTA, Southeast

SDZ040 Brookings 03 0800CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow in the morning and early afternoon of December 3rd accumulated 2 to 4 inches over the eastern part of Brookings County.

SDZ038-053>055- Beadle - Davison - Hanson - Kingsbury - Lake - McCook - Miner - Minnehaha - Sanborn 059>062 10 2300CST 11 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

SDZ050-052-057- Aurora - Bon Homme - Brule - Charles Mix - Douglas - Gregory - Jerauld 063>064-068 10 2300CST 11 2100CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

SDZ040-056-065> Brookings - Clay - Hutchinson - Lincoln - Moody - Turner - Union - Yankton 067-069>071 11 0000CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Snowfall ranging from 2 to 8 inches was accompanied by sustained northwest winds which reached 40 mph at times, with gusts as high as 55 mph. The snowfall, strong winds, and existing snow cover resulted in widespread blizzard conditions. Travel was made impossible in much of the area. There were several accidents and vehicles going into ditches, attributed to slick roads and low visibilities. Several motorists were stranded. Businesses were forced to close, and several school and other weekend activities were canceled or postponed.

SDZ038-052>054- Aurora - Beadle - Davison - Hanson - Jerauld - Kingsbury - Miner - Sanborn 058>060 20 0500CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

182 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, Southeast SDZ040-055-056 Brookings - Lake - Moody 20 0600CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

SDZ061-062 McCook - Minnehaha 20 0600CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow accumulated 3 to 8 inches in southeast South Dakota north of Interstate 90 during the morning and early afternoon of December 20th. Accumulations of greater than 6 inches were reported in the Brookings, Madison, and Flandreau areas.

SDZ060-065-068- Bon Homme - Hanson - Hutchinson - Yankton 069 30 1000CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Freezing rain produced a light ice coating on driving and walking surfaces that caused several accidents and caused other vehicles to slide off roads.

SDZ038-050-052> Aurora - Beadle - Brule - Charles Mix - Davison - Douglas - Gregory - Jerauld - Kingsbury - Miner - 054-057>059-063> Sanborn 064 31 0600CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

SDZ040-055-061> Bon Homme - Brookings - Hutchinson - Lake - McCook - Minnehaha - Moody - Turner - Yankton 062-065>066-068> 069 31 0600CST 1600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Snowfall of 6 to 10 inches and winds gusting to over 40 mph produced widespread blizzard conditions on New Years Eve in southeast South Dakota near and west of a Pickstown to Mitchell to De Smet line. Roads were closed and many businesses were forced to close as travel became difficult to impossible. Lesser snow amounts with strong winds produced winter storm conditions east of the blizzard area, with very low visibilities not as widespread. The storm continued to midnight, or the end of the year 2010, in most areas.

SOUTH DAKOTA, West

SDZ001-012>014- Butte - Custer Co Plains - Fall River - Harding - Hermosa Foothills - Jackson - Mellette - Northern Black 024>027-029>031- Hills - Northern Foot Hills - Northern Meade County Plains - Pennington Co Plains - Perkins - Rapid City 041-043-046-072- - Southern Black Hills - Southern Foot Hills - Sturgis/Piedmont Foothills - Ziebach 074 30 0200MST 31 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

SDZ013-031>032- Bennett - Haakon - Jackson - Mellette - Northern Meade County Plains - Pennington Co Plains - Shannon 042>044-046>047- - Southern Meade Co Plains - Todd - Tripp - Ziebach 049-073 31 0600MST 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful winter storm brought heavy snow and gusty winds to the region. The first part of the storm produced heavy snow on Dec 30. The main system moved across the Central Plains with additional snow and strong northwest winds on the plains on Dec 31. Snowfall ranged from six to 12 inches, with higher amounts across the northern Black Hills and portions of southwest and south central South Dakota. Northwest winds gusting to 50 mph produced blizzard conditions with visibilities near zero at times across much of the western and south central South Dakota plains on Dec 31. Interstate 90 was closed for nearly 24 hours from Rapid City across South Dakota to Sioux Falls. With temperatures near zero, wind chill readings were 20 to 35 below zero.

183 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, Central

TNZ005>007-022> Benton - Cheatham - Davidson - Dickson - Houston - Humphreys - Montgomery - Robertson - Stewart 027 01 0000CST 31 0600CST 0 0 Drought

With another below normal rainfall deficit continuing across several counties across northwestern portions of Middle Tennessee during the month of December, these counties continued to remain under the D2 Severe Drought Classification Criteria as stated in the U.S. Drought Monitor throughout the entire month.

TNZ032-034 Fentress - Putnam 07 0600CST 1200CST 0 0 Winter Weather

As scattered snow showers developed across the Cumberland Plateau during the morning hours on Tuesday, December 7th, between one half to one inch of total snowfall accumulation occurred across Fentress and Putnam Counties, resulting in a significant impact to commerce and transportation across these two counties.

TNZ025 Dickson 10 0300CST 0 0 Winter Weather With temperatures in the lower 30s during the early morning hours on Friday, December 10th, water on surfaces that had collected moisture over the previous day remained frozen across Dickson County. At a chemical plant in Dickson, ice that formed on an industrial structure broke off due to its weight, and struck a value that then opened, and released a toxic chemical called toluene.

TNZ005-023 Houston - Stewart 12 0400CST 13 0100CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ022-024-056- Benton - Humphreys - Perry - Wayne 093 12 0400CST 13 0100CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ057 Hickman 12 0500CST 13 0200CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ006-094 Lawrence - Montgomery 12 0500CST 13 0200CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ026-059 Cheatham - Davidson - Williamson 12 0530CST 13 0200CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ007-060-095 Giles - Marshall - Maury - Robertson 12 0600CST 13 0200CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ008-075 Bedford - Sumner 12 0630CST 13 0300CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ028-062 Rutherford - Trousdale - Wilson 12 0700CST 13 0300CST 0 0 Winter Weather

184 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, Central TNZ009-025-030> Clay - Dekalb - Dickson - Grundy - Jackson - Macon - Smith 031-064-079 12 0800CST 13 0400CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ063-077-078 Cannon - Coffee - Warren 12 0800CST 13 0400CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ032-080 Overton - Putnam - Van Buren 12 0900CST 13 0500CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ058-065 Lewis - White 12 0900CST 13 0500CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ011-034-066 Cumberland - Fentress - Pickett 12 1000CST 13 0600CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

As an upper level low pressure system moved across Middle Tennessee during the early morning hours on Sunday, December 12th through, Monday, December 13th, enough moisture was available across the mid state to produce a widespread snowfall accumulation event across the entire area. Total snowfall accumulations ranging from one inch in the Tennessee River Valley to as much as one foot across northern portions of the Cumberland Plateau occurred. This accumulating snowfall resulted in a significant impact to commerce and transportation across all of Middle Tennessee.

TNZ060 Maury 13 0600CST 1 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill With temperatures in the middle teens during the morning hours on Monday, December 13th, a 73 year old women who had mistakenly locked herself out of her house, died due to hypothermia. F73OU

TNZ005-057-060> Giles - Hickman - Lawrence - Marshall - Maury - Rutherford - Stewart 062-094>095 15 1300CST 2300CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ011-066 Cumberland - Pickett 15 1829CST 2359CST 0 0 Ice Storm

TNZ080 Van Buren 15 1916CST 2359CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ034 Fentress 15 1940CST 2359CST 0 0 Ice Storm

TNZ008-027-030> Davidson - Jackson - Overton - Putnam - Smith - Sumner - White 033-065 15 1958CST 2359CST 0 0 Winter Weather

185 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, Central

As surface temperatures remained at or close to freezing during the afternoon and evening hours on Wednesday, December 15th, and with an upper level disturbances passing across Middle Tennessee during this time period also, there was enough moisture across the mid state to ultimately produce scattered areas of ice accumulation. This resulted in a significant impact to commerce and transportation during the afternoon and evening hours on Wednesday, December 15th and throughout Thursday, December 16th.

TNZ006 Montgomery 24 1900CST 26 2000CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ005 Stewart 24 1900CST 0 0 Winter Weather 26

TNZ007 Robertson 24 1930CST 26 2100CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ022>025 Benton - Dickson - Houston - Humphreys 24 1930CST 26 2000CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ009 Macon 24 2100CST 26 2130CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ026-029-057 Cheatham - Davidson - Hickman - Trousdale 24 2100CST 26 2000CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ010 Clay 24 2130CST 26 2230CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ008 Sumner 24 2130CST 0 0 Winter Weather 26

TNZ011-030-033 Overton - Pickett - Smith 24 2200CST 26 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

TNZ028-031-059 Jackson - Williamson - Wilson 24 2200CST 26 2100CST 0 0 Winter Weather

TNZ034 Fentress 24 2300CST 26 2359CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TNZ032-064-079 Dekalb - Grundy - Putnam 25 0000CST 26 2300CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

186 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, Central TNZ058-060>063- Bedford - Cannon - Coffee - Cumberland - Giles - Lawrence - Lewis - Marshall - Maury - Rutherford - 065>066-075-077> Van Buren - Warren - Wayne - White 078-080-093>095 25 0000CST 26 2000CST 0 0 Winter Weather

A surface cold front moved eastward across Middle Tennessee from the evening hours on Friday, December 24th through the early morning hours on Saturday, December 25th. A broad upper level trough, and associated closed upper level low, moved across the mid state during the time period from late Friday night, December 24th, through Sunday, December 26th. With surface temperatures in the lower 30s to middle 20s during this time period also, and an abundance of cold air aloft, a significant snowfall event occurred across most of the mid state. Total snowfall accumulations generally ranged from one to three inches across the area, resulting in a significant impact to commerce and transportation across the entire mid state.

TENNESSEE, East

TNZ018-045-047- Johnson - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Carter - Unicoi 074 06 0600EST 07 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Strong upslope condition conditions continued on 2 consecutive days on the 6-7th. As result, heavy snow was reported on a few locations across the higher elevation of east Tennessee. Snowfall amounts in the lower elevations ranged from 1 to 3 inches.

TNZ012-015-018- Blount/Smoky Mountains - Campbell - East Polk - Grainger - Hamblen - Hancock - Johnson - Morgan - 035-037>039-043- Roane - Scott - Sequatchie - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Greene - Southeast Monroe - Unicoi - 045-067-072-074- Union 081-087-102 12 1800EST 13 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure brought heavy snow mainly across the higher elevations for a 2 day period. The mountains received up to 16 of snow, while the valley had 1 to 4 inches of snow.

TNZ014>018-036> Anderson - Claiborne - Grainger - Hancock - Hawkins - Jefferson - Johnson - Loudon - North Sevier - 038-040-044>047- Northwest Blount - Northwest Carter - Northwest Cocke - Northwest Monroe - Rhea - Roane - Southeast 067>068-070>071- Carter - Sullivan - Unicoi - Union - Washington 073-083-086 16 0100EST 1100EST 0 0 330.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

A storm system moving through the region produced an initial burst of two to four inches at several locations. As warmer air moved into the region, freezing rain followed the snowfall, resulting in a quarter to half of an inch of icing at most locations.

TNZ100 Bradley 22 2200EST 2210EST 0 0 0.00K 20.0K Strong Wind

Gradient winds produced some minor damage in southeast Tennessee.

TNZ081-098-099 Hamilton - Marion - Sequatchie 24 2200EST 25 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

TNZ074-085-087- Bradley - East Polk - Hamilton - McMinn - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Monroe - West Polk 099>102 25 0000EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

187 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, East TNZ018-038-040- Blount/Smoky Mountains - Cocke/Smoky Mountains - East Polk - Grainger - Johnson - North Sevier - 043>047-071>074- Northwest Blount - Northwest Carter - Northwest Cocke - Northwest Monroe - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - 086-102 Southeast Carter - Southeast Greene - Unicoi - Washington 26 0100EST 27 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracked through region producing snow over a 3 day period. Generally 1 to 4 inches of snow was reported in the lower elevations, while up to 15 inches of snow fell across the higher elevations.

TENNESSEE, South Central

TNZ097 Franklin 12 1053CST 13 0430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow showers produced snowfall accumulation of 2 to 4 inches in portions of Franklin County. Up to 4 inches of snow was reported in Sewanee at the University of the South. The snow began on the morning of the 12th following the passage of a strong Arctic cold front, with periods of snow showers lasting off and on through the morning of the 13th. Wind chills also dropped into the zero to 5 below zero range during the morning hours of the 13th due to gusty northwest winds of 15 to 30 mph.

TNZ076-096 Lincoln - Moore 12 1053CST 13 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow showers produced snowfall accumulation of an inch or less in Lincoln and Moore Counties. The snow began on the morning of the 12th following the passage of a strong Arctic cold front, with periods of snow showers lasting off and on through the morning of the 13th. Wind chills also dropped into the zero to 5 below zero range during the morning hours of the 13th due to gusty northwest winds of 15 to 30 mph.

TNZ076-096-097 Franklin - Lincoln - Moore 15 1100CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A wintry mix of sleet and freezing rain developed during the late morning and early afternoon hours as warm air aloft over- topped sub-freezing temperatures at ground-level. Ice accumulations of up to a tenth of an inch were reported. Several local roads were closed on elevated surfaces and mountainous terrain. Warmer temperatures spread into the area dramatically on the morning of the 16th with readings climbing into the 40s and 50s.

25 0000CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

TNZ076-097 Franklin - Moore 25 0100CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system tracked east across the northern Gulf of Mexico producing a swath of snow across the Tennessee Valley on Christmas Day 2010. A mixture of rain and snow began between 2 and 4 am rapidly changing to all snow that became moderate to heavy at times during the morning hours with visibility of 1/4 to 1/2 mile at times. All told, snowfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches were reported in the valleys, with 5 to 7 inches at the along the Cumberland Plateau in Franklin County. As colder air filtered into the region during the overnight hours, additional snow showers developed as an upper level low dropped southeast across the region. This system produced an additional dusting to up to one inch of snowfall.

26 0500CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

TNZ096-097 Franklin - Lincoln 26 0500CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

188 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, South Central

Narrow bands of snow showers and flurries redeveloped after midnight on the 26th as a strong upper upper level low dropped southeast across the Tennessee Valley. Most of the snowfall remained light with visibilities between 2-5 miles. New snowfall accumulations ranged from a dusting up to one inch. Already slick road conditions due to re-freezing of wet roads from the previous day's snowfall became even more slick, especially during the morning hours. Temperatures struggled to climb into the upper 20s, with higher elevations even colder. Some sunshine broke through for a period during the afternoon between intermittent snow showers and flurries. This melted the snow on roadways, but also produced wet roads which would re-freeze into icy patches again during the evening and nighttime of the 26th.

TENNESSEE, West

TNZ001>004-019> Carroll - Chester - Crockett - Decatur - Dyer - Fayette - Gibson - Hardeman - Haywood - Henderson - 021-048>055-088> Henry - Lake - Lauderdale - Madison - Obion - Shelby - Tipton - Weakley 090 01 0000CST 31 0600CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Below normal rainfall continued during the month of December across much of Northwest Tennessee. The lack of rainfall expanded extreme (D3) drought conditions to cover most of Northwest Tennessee while drought conditions improved over the rest of West Tennessee. However...abnormally dry(D0) to severe (D2) drought conditions remained over the area. The biggest impact from the drought were hydrological concerns as many lake and river levels remained at low levels. Reelfoot Lake remained at one of the lowest levels in decades.

TNZ088 Shelby 13 0000CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill

Cold arctic air filtered into the Mid-South on December 13th, 2010. Temperatures dropped to 16 degrees at Memphis International Airport during the early morning hours. As a result, one death occurred as a result of the cold temperatures.

TNZ020-050-088 Gibson - Haywood - Shelby 15 0500CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system developed over the Southern Plains during the late evening hours of December 14th, 2010. The system moved east into the Mid-South during the early morning hours of December 15th, 2010 and continued throughout the morning. Precipitation associated with the system fell in the form of freezing rain as temperatures had dropped to 32 degrees or just slightly below. Ice accumulations were generally less than a tenth of an inch and was mainly confined to elevated surfaces. However many bridges and overpasses became icy causing numerous accidents. By afternoon, precipitation either tapered off or changed over to rain as temperatures rose to above freezing.

TNZ004-021-054- Carroll - Decatur - Hardin - Henderson - Henry 092 26 0700CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow showers occurred over West Tennessee during the day on December 26th, 2010. The snow showers were associated with an upper level disturbance. Some of the snow showers produced minor accumulations of 1-2 inches across West Tennessee near the Tennessee River.

TEXAS, Central

TXZ071-073-076> Brown - Concho - Crockett - Irion - Kimble - Mason - Menard - San Saba - Schleicher - Sutton 078-140-155-168> 170 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

After a very dry fall with very little rainfall, severe drought conditions developed and affected the Northern Edwards Plateau and the Northwest Hill Country regions. Although some beneficial rains fell in late December, it was not enough to alleviate the severe drought conditions.

189 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Extreme West TXZ055 El Paso 30 0900MST 1900MST 0 0 1.5K 0.00K High Wind

A powerful upper low digging out of the Pacific Northwest brought a strong cold front with damaging winds to far West Texas. Up to 2 inches of snow was also reported in El Paso with this storm.

TEXAS, Mid-South

TXZ229>231-239> Duval - Jim Wells - Kleberg - La Salle - Live Oak - McMullen - Webb 242 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

During December, drought conditions developed across portions of the Brush Country and Rio Grande Plains of South Texas. From the end of September through the end of December most areas in Webb, La Salle, McMullen, and Duval counties received less than 1/2 inch of rain, or anywhere from 5 to 15% of their normal rainfall during this period. By the end of December, moderate drought conditions were observed over Kleberg, Jim Wells, Live Oak, McMullen and eastern Duval counties. Severe drought conditions were observed across Webb and most of La Salle counties. Extreme drought conditions were observed across far northern La Salle county (per the U.S. Drought Monitor: http://www.drought.unl.edu/dm/monitor.html) Deep soil moisture declined through the month across this region of South Texas. Limited to lack of rainfall also diminished winter foraging. Many livestock producers continued to supplement feed for their cattle, as well as continued to use available well water for livestock and wildlife as stock tank water levels declined. The fire danger remain elevated across the region through the month, and became critical on December 12th with the passage of a cold front. One large fire occurred just outside the drought conditions in Bee county.

TXZ232 Bee 12 1100CST 1600CST 0 0 Wildfire

Relative humidity dropped into the teens and winds gusted between 20 and 25 mph, and when combined with the dry fuels across the region produced fire behavior that was difficult to control on December 12th. Debris burning sparked a wildfire just south of Skidmore, near Highway 181 and Povlish Road. The wildfire consumed 600 acres, destroying one home and a tractor. Three additional homes were threatened and saved.

TEXAS, North

TXZ162-175 Leon - Robertson 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 40.0K Drought

TXZ141>143-148- Anderson - Comanche - Hamilton - Lampasas - Milam - Mills 156-174 05 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 63.0K Drought

Rainfall deficits continued to grow across North Texas in the month of December, and thus drought conditions expanded across the region. Most of the southeastern counties in North Texas and many of the western counties were categorized in Severe to Extreme Drought this month according to the US Drought Monitor. Many locations across the southeastern portions of north Texas had not received above normal precipitation since the summer months. A total of 33 counties had burn bans in effect this month. Agricultural impacts due to the drought were limited to stress on wheat crops and very low stock water tanks in some areas.

TXZ100-115-122- Eastland - Erath - Falls - Freestone - Henderson - Limestone - Palo Pinto - Stephens - Van Zandt - Young 129>130-135-147- 160>161 12 0000CST 26 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 73.0K Drought

190 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North

Rainfall deficits continued to grow across North Texas in the month of December, and thus drought conditions expanded across the region. Most of the southeastern counties in North Texas and many of the western counties were categorized in Severe to Extreme Drought this month according to the US Drought Monitor. Many locations across the southeastern portions of north Texas had not received above normal precipitation since the summer months. A total of 33 counties had burn bans in effect this month. Agricultural impacts due to the drought were limited to stress on wheat crops and very low stock water tanks in some areas.

TEXAS, North Panhandle

TXZ014 Gray 11 1350CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Wildfire

A large wildfire began around 1350 CST about three miles east of Kingsmill Texas in Gray county. The wildfire began near the Old Celanese property between County Road 5 and County Road 6 and the wildfire was contained around 1530 CST. The wildfire consumed three hundred and twenty-five acres and the was cause was unknown. There were no structures threatened or damaged and no livestock were in danger. There were also no reports of injuries.

TXZ001-006-011 Dallam - Hartley - Oldham 16 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 17 An upper level low approached the western and northwestern Texas Panhandle as a cold air mass remained in place over the Panhandles. Heavy snow developed mainly during the overnight hours across the western and northwestern Texas Panhandle. The local police in Dalhart Texas, which is in Dallam county, measured eight inches of snow. The Hartley County Emergency Manager measured nine and a half inches of snow in Channing, Texas. The cooperative observer one mile north-northwest of Boys Ranch, Texas in Oldham county measured nine inches of snow. No damage or injuries were reported.

TXZ011 Oldham 27 1300CST 1600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Wildfire

The Oldham county wildfire started around 1300 CST about two miles west of Wildorado in Oldham county. The wildfire, which was caused by sparks from a pickup truck on Interstate 40, was contained just before 1600 CST. The wildfire burned a measured nine hundred and thirty-six acres and there were no reports of damage to structures or reports of injuries. However, two homes and one other structure were threatened near the Deaf Smith county and Oldham county line on Oldham county Road 44. The Interstate nor any other roads in Oldham or Deaf Smith counties closed due to the wildfire.

TXZ016 Deaf Smith 30 1758CST 1800CST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K High Wind

A tightening pressure gradient during the early evening hours resulted in a non-thunderstorm high wind at the Hereford Municipal Airport and also just north-northwest of Hereford. Some damage was reported to a roof and two small structures. No injuries were reported.

TEXAS, Northeast

TXZ097-112-124> Angelina - Bowie - Cass - Cherokee - Gregg - Harrison - Marion - Nacogdoches - Panola - Rusk - Sabine - 126-136>138-149> San Augustine - Shelby - Smith - Upshur - Wood 153-165>167 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

While much of Northeast Texas was downgraded to D1 Moderate Drought category during the month of November, a very dry December resulted in much of Northeast Texas being upgraded to D2 Severe Drought and D3 Extreme Drought categories during the month of December. Once again, many counties saw burn bans throughout the month as the fire danger was very high across the region. The following are a few selected cities across Northeast Texas with their monthly rainfall totals and departures from normal, as well as yearly rainfall totals through the end of December and the departures from normal.

Tyler monthly rainfall was 1.07. The departure from normal was -3.72. The yearly rainfall through December was 31.04. The yearly departure from normal through December was -14.23.

191 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast

Longview monthly rainfall was 0.87. The departure from normal was -3.86. The yearly rainfall through December was 27.91. The yearly departure from normal through December was -21.02.

Lufkin monthly rainfall was 0.86. The departure from normal was -3.58. The yearly rainfall through December was 30.01. The yearly departure from normal through December was -16.61.

TEXAS, South

TXZ248>253 Brooks - Hidalgo - Jim Hogg - Kenedy - Starr - Zapata 01 0000CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A dry cold front whipped across Deep South Texas during the morning of November 30th, bringing very low humidity along with much cooler temperatures compared with the prior day. Clear skies and calming winds allowed temperatures to plummet rapidly across the drying soils of large swaths of ranchland and brush country, including portions of the mid and upper Rio Grande Valley. Temperatures would bottom out in the mid and upper 20s in preferred colder spots, and around 30 to near freezing in slightly warmer locations, with freezing temperatures lasting anywhere from 4 to 9 hours. The second freeze in less than a week continued the rapid pace of grass and brush curing.

TXZ250 Brooks 01 1330CST 02 0400CST 0 0 50.0K Wildfire

Cured fuels, low humidity, and a tractor setting off sparks in high grass was the flammable combination to set off and rapidly spread a wildfire mainly across southwest Brooks County, though some of the fire impacted extreme northeastern Starr County and extreme northwestern Hidalgo County near Farm to Market Roads 755 and 1017. The fire rapidly grew to 2000 acres and would not be contained and controlled until early the morning of December 2nd.

09 0200CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

TXZ251 Kenedy 09 0200CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

Weak, but dry, high pressure building in behind a departing surface low over the western Gulf brought light north winds and rapidly falling evening temperatures on December 8th. By early morning of the 9th, freezing temperatures covered large portions of the of the King Ranch and surrounding locations in eastern Brooks County. Local pocket of freezing temperatures occurred elsewhere in the Deep South Texas brush country, but durations were too short (i.e., Zapata County airport near Medina only touched 32 or 31 degrees for about an hour) or coverage was interpolated to be a small portion of a county's total area. Meteorologically, return southerly flow developed in these areas, including typically colder pockets. In all these areas, the combination of freeze and frost continued to accelerate curing of fine and medium fuels (grasses and brush) which had grown thick during the generally wet first nine months of 2010.

TXZ248>252 Brooks - Jim Hogg - Kenedy - Starr - Zapata 13 0200CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A fairly vigorous cool front swept through Deep South Texas early on December 12th, followed by strong high pressure with Canadian roots but not truly frigid air to arrive later on the 12th into the 13th. Clear and relatively calm conditions overnight allowed temperatures to fall near or just below freezing in rural Deep South Texas. In locations where the temperature remained just above freezing, dew points remained in the teens, and prolonged low wet bulb temperatures in the mid 20s likely created a proxy freeze for tender vegetation in neighborhoods and towns. The very dry, cold morning further cured fine and medium fuels (grasses and brush); the freeze was the fourth of the season in a little more than two weeks.

192 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South TXZ248>255 Brooks - Hidalgo - Inland Cameron - Inland Willacy - Jim Hogg - Kenedy - Starr - Zapata

26 0200CST 0815CST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A developing cold front, associated with the creation of the December Blizzard of 2010 from New Jersey to New England, pulled down dry, Canadian air with strengthening high pressure overnight on December 25th and well into the morning hours of December 26th. Breezes through the post midnight hours kept temperatures a hair above freezing in many areas, but calming winds by 2 AM or so allowed temperatures to fall more steadily, continuing for an hour or two after sunrise. Lows fell well into the 20s in sheltered locations of rural Deep South Texas, and even reached 32 or lower in populated areas of the Lower and Mid Rio Grande Valley. The coldest temperatures of the winter thus far were felt from McAllen to Harlingen and Brownsville, where temperatures fell to a hair above freezing. For the lower Valley, all non urban areas west of highway 77 saw freezing temperatures on the 26th.

TXZ248>251 Brooks - Jim Hogg - Kenedy - Zapata 27 0100CST 0730CST 0 0 0.00K Frost/Freeze

The coolest, full-sunshine day of the young winter on December 26th, where highs only reached the mid and upper 50s with continued very low humidity, set the stage for one more chilly night in Deep South Texas prior to rapid return of more seasonable weather later on the 27th. Across nearly all sheltered areas from the Rio Grande Plains through the King Ranch, temperatures fell to freezing shortly after midnight and continued until the predawn hours. This would be the sixth minor freeze of the autumn/winter 2010 for locations from Zapata County to the King Ranch.

TXZ248>250-252> Brooks - Hidalgo - Jim Hogg - Starr - Zapata 253 28 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

After a significantly wetter than average January through September, 2010, the spigot literally turned off for the vast majority of Deep South Texas for the final three months. The lack of rainfall, including many areas with zero measured precipitation since the last days of September, combined with nearly a dozen drying fronts that brought very to extremely low afternoon humidity for a day or two after, and six minor freezes which accelerated drying and curing of grasses and brush, led to a 180 degree turn from above to much above average wetness to pockets of severe drought at year's end. The severe drought area included portions of counties west of the immediate coast, but was expected to continue and expand with the influence of a moderate to strong La Nina and the correlation to below average late winter and early spring rain and above average temperature. Raw precipitation data at the end of December showed that most climate recording locations in Deep South Texas, including those with more than 100 years of information, had their driest October to December period on record. The exceptions were Rio Grande City, where two thirds of an inch fell at the tail of a cold front in mid October, and Raymondville, where a swath of light rain accompanied at least one front in November, pushing them into second place all time.

TEXAS, South Panhandle

TXZ038 King 11 0425CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A strong cold front swept southward across the South Plains region of west Texas during the early morning hours of the 11th. Although sustained winds were generally in the 25 mph to 35 mph range with gusts in the 45 mph to 55 mph range, a localized severe wind gust of 60 mph was measured by the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet near Guthrie. No damage was reported.

TXZ027 Bailey 13 1445CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Wildfire

A wildfire ignited in cured grasslands of northwestern Bailey County during the afternoon hours of the 13th. Terrain made accessibility and containment efforts difficult. Firefighters described a largely plume-dominant fire which burned an estimated 600 acres before it was contained around 21:00 CST.

193 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle TXZ028-030 Floyd - Lamb 15 1115CST 1800CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Wildfire

Strong westerly winds sustained at speeds near 30 mph to 35 mph, record high temperatures, and relative humidity values less than 10% contributed to critical fire weather on the South Plains on the 15th. A wildfire quickly grew from an ignition source along U.S. Highway 70 west of Earth (Lamb County) around 11:15 CST. The fire jumped the four-lane U.S. Highway and then ran through grasslands. At least seven structures were threatened and saved. The fire burned 1,600 acres before it was finally contained around 15:00 CST. At 15:10 CST a fire ignited along Texas Highway 207 just north of Floydada. The fire burned through wooden utility poles and downed power lines before scorching more than 2,600 acres of grassland. Although an estimated 4,200 acres burned, no injuries or serious damages were reported. Texas Forest Service and Department of Public Safety investigations revealed that both fires began from incidental sources along major routes, possibly from discarded cigarettes.

Cochran County 1 ENE Morton 30 1910CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

The Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet site near Morton recorded a peak thunderstorm wind gust of 65 mph at 19:10 CST. No damage was reported. Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Hockley County 7 W Levelland 30 1919CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Thunderstorm winds snapped four wooden utility poles west of Levelland along Texas Highway 114. The resultant downed power lines sparked a large wind-driven grassland wildfire. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

TXZ034 Hockley 30 1919CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Wildfire

Thunderstorm winds downed utility lines into cured grasses and sparked a large wind-driven grass fire west of Levelland during the evening hours of the 30th. Photo courtesy: KCBD-TV - Lubbock, Texas.

Bailey County 2 SSW Muleshoe 30 1920CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

A thunderstorm wind gust of 58 mph was recorded by the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet site near Muleshoe. No damage was reported. Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

194 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle Lamb County 1 NE Amherst 30 1935CST 6 S Olton 1950CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (66MG)

Thunderstorms produced a swath of severe winds and blowing dust over portions of Lamb County. A 76 mph gust was initially measured by the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet near Amherst at 19:35 CST. A subsequent wind gust of 59 mph was measured at the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet site south of Olton at 19:50 CST. No significant damages were reported. An intense storm system and upper air jet contributed to high-based convection over the western South Plains of west Texas during the evening hours of the 30th. The thunderstorms produced damaging wind gusts measured as high as 76 mph and blowing dust. Winds downed utility poles and lines which sparked a 2,000 acre wildfire west of levelland. Note: The measured wind gust of 66 knots is equivalent to 76 mph.

TXZ024 Briscoe 31 1030CST 1130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong westerly winds sustained in the 25 mph to 35 mph range with gusts in the 40 mph to 50 mph range were common across the west Texas South Plains during the late morning and early afternoon hours of the 31st. These winds accompanied the passage of an upper air storm system. Localized severe wind gusts were measured by the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet site near Quitaque. A peak gust of 59 mph was recorded at 10:37 CST. No damage was reported.

TEXAS, West

TXZ074-258 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County

11 0100MST 0235MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Brisk westerly flow aloft over the region resulted in high winds in the higher elevations of the Guadalupe and Davis Mountains.

15 0200MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

15 0851MST 2151MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

15 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A tight surface pressure gradient developed over the area resulting in high winds in the Guadalupe Mountains.

20 0000MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

20 1051MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A strong surface pressure gradient combined with strong mid level winds mixing to the surface, which produced high winds in the Guadalupe Mountains.

21 1100MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds occurred in the higher elevations of the Guadalupe Mountains due to strong mid level winds associated with a departing upper level trough.

22 1751MST 2113MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A locally tight surface pressure gradient resulted in high winds in the lower elevations of the Guadalupe Mountains.

29 0400MST 30 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

29 0451MST 31 0151MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

195 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, West 29 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ062-074-258 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County - Midland

30 0120CST 31 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An upper level trough and the associated strong mid level winds resulted in high winds in the Guadalupe and Davis Mountains, in addition to portions of the Permian Basin.

TXZ258 Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County 31 0100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Strong mid level winds associated with a departing upper level trough mixed down to the surface resulting in brief high winds in the Guadalupe Mountains of west Texas.

UTAH, West and Central

UTZ007 Wasatch Mountains I80 North 14 1200MST 15 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A fast-moving winter storm system brought heavy snowfall to the mountains of northern Utah.

18 0100MST 23 0200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ008>010 Wasatch Mountains South of I80 - Wasatch Plateau/Book Cliffs - Western Unita Mountains

18 0100MST 23 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ517-518 Central Mountains - Southern Mountains 19 0100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 23 Washington County 18 NNW Goldstrike 19 1200MST 0 0 5.00M 0.00K Flood 5 NNE Pinto 23 Heavy rain caused widespread significant flooding across Washington County. Rainfall and significantly increased river flows began on December 19th, with many rivers and streams around Zion National Park and St. George near bankfull. Reports of road flooding began on December 20th. SR-9 was closed in Zion National Park due to flooding between the tunnel and Mt. Carmel Junction, and flooding and rockslides occurred on SR-18 between Enterprise and Central.

The worst of the flooding occurred on December 21st, when the flow of the Santa Clara River increased to an estimated 5000 cfs and the Virgin River near Bloomington was measured at 12400 cfs. Zion National Park was closed due to flooding, and the Zion Park Lodge was evacuated due to the danger of landslides. One historic landslide in particular was moving through the day as the riprap structure was eroded away. Old Highway 91 was also closed, as flooding and debris washed out and damaged much of the road. Many other roadways across the county were flooded, including many roads in the city of St. George, many rural roads along the Santa Clara, SR-18 south of Central, in Enterprise along Center Street and Main Street, and the road into Snow Canyon State Park, which closed the park to tourists. Many bridges were damaged or destroyed, including the foot bridge over the Fort Pearce Wash, the Tobin Wash Bridge near Gunlock, a foot bridge at the Sunbrook Golf Course, the bridge at 2500 South in New Harmony, and the bridge at Brookside. Residential flood damage was reported in Enterprise, Springdale, Rockville, and St. George. Contaminated water became a problem along the Virgin River, and culinary water became unavailable in the town of Gunlock. The Southgate Golf Course in St. George suffered extensive damage due to erosion.

Flooding continued on December 22nd. Flood waters damaged a bridge in New Harmony Heights, closed many roadways including a bridge near the Enterprise Reservoir, and up to 15 homes were damaged to varying degrees in Brookside. River flows stayed high on December 23rd before receding. Damage estimates are from the FEMA damage assessment. In addition, $300,000 worth of heavy construction equipment was saved when the NWS forecast office in Salt Lake City called the Washington City Public Works, notifying of them of the upcoming high flows expected on the Virgin River. The Public Works pulled all of their equipment out of the Virgin River, which they said would have been swept away and lost if not for the phone call.

196 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

UTAH, West and Central Kane County 18 SSW Kanab Ld Arpt 19 1500MST 13 E Kanab Arpt 23 1200MST 0 0 800.00K 0.00K Flood

While flooding in Kane County was less than in nearby Washington County, significant damage still occurred. Many roads were closed or impassable due to flood waters, including Highway 14, the 3rd South Connector in Kanab, and US-89 east of Kanab, the last of which had 12 inches of water flowing over the road. A landslide also occurred on US-89 near milepost 93, where debris was approximately 4 feet deep and 50-60 feet wide. Residential flooding occurred in Orderville and Glendale, and many private roads in those two towns were washed out.

UTZ004-006-011- Sanpete/Sevier Valleys - Southern Wasatch Front/Lehi/Provo/Nephi - Southwest Utah/Cedar City/Milford 014>016 - Wasatch Mountain Valleys/Huntsville/Park City/Heber - West Central Utah/Delta - Western Unita Basin

20 0400MST 21 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large and very moist Pacific storm system brought widespread heavy precipitation to Utah over a five day period. The storm pulled a continuous stream of tropical moisture ahead of it and, combined with numerous embedded shortwaves, resulted in almost non-stop rainfall across many of the lower elevations and wet, heavy snow in the mountains.

28 2200MST 29 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ002-005>009- Great Salt Lake Desert and Mountains/Wendover/Snowville - Northern Wasatch Front/Brigham 015 City/Ogden Bountiful - Wasatch Mountain Valleys/Huntsville/Park City/Heber - Wasatch Mountains I80 North - Wasatch Mountains South of I80 - West Central Utah/Delta - Western Unita Mountains 28 2300MST 29 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ003-010>012- Castle Country/Price/Castle/Dale/Emery - Central Mountains - Salt Lake and Toole Valleys - 014-016-019>020- Sanpete/Sevier Valleys - South Central Utah/Kanab/Escalante - Southern Mountains - Southwest 517>518 Utah/Cedar City/Milford - Utahs Dixie and Zion National Park - Wasatch Plateau/Book Cliffs - Western Unita Basin 29 0000MST 30 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

30 1300MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

UTZ004 Southern Wasatch Front/Lehi/Provo/Nephi 30 1300MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Another very cold and moist storm system dropped into the western United States from the Gulf of Alaska, bringing widespread snow to Utah. Heavy snow was observed all the way from Utah's northern mountains down to Utah's southern border with Arizona.

VERMONT, North and Central

VTZ006-016>019 Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Eastern Rutland - Lamoille

01 1000EST 1500EST 0 0 2.75M 0.00K High Wind

VTZ001 Grand Isle 01 1000EST 1500EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

197 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VERMONT, North and Central VTZ005-011 Western Chittenden - Western Rutland 01 1200EST 1500EST 0 0 600.0K 0.00K High Wind

VTZ002 Western Franklin 01 1200EST 1500EST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A massive and powerful storm system moved from the northern Great Lakes on November 30th across Ontario into James Bay Canada on December 1st. An associated cold front slowly moved east across the Great Lakes toward New York and New England with development of several waves of low pressure. Meanwhile, a very strong area of high pressure was located across New Brunswick. The large pressure gradient (> 40mb) between both systems resulted in very strong south to southeast winds in a return flow. Very strong wind dynamics at all levels in the atmosphere resulted in fierce low-level winds in excess of 100 mph just 4000 feet above the surface. Some of these winds eventually transitioned across the higher peaks of the Green Mountains and caused strong to damaging down slope winds in excess of hurricane force to the western slope communities and actually spread wind gusts approaching 55 mph into much of the Champlain Valley from just after daybreak to late afternoon. Some of the measured wind gusts included; 103 mph at the summit of Mount Mansfield, 90 mph in Cambridge (Lamoille county), 73 mph in Jeffersonville (Lamoille county) and Hanksville (Chittenden county), 66 mph in Nashville (Chittenden county), 62 mph in Sheldon Springs (Franklin county), 60 mph in Monkton (Addison county), 56 mph in Bolton (Chittenden county and Rutland Airport in Clarendon (Rutland county) with 53 mph at the NWS Burlington office at the airport in South Burlington (Chittenden county). Damaging winds approaching and exceeding hurricane force (>74 mph) produced structural damage of partially blown roofs, collapsed barns, collapsed car ports, some blown-in windows at the Jericho Elementary school, downed utility poles, etc. along the immediate downslope communities such as Bristol, Monkton, Hanksville, Jericho, Underhill, Cambridge, Jeffersonville, Sheldon. Strong to locally damaging winds, gusts up to 55 mph, occurred within the Champlain Valley as well in communities such as Williston, Essex, Essex Center, Hinesburg, St. Albans and Colchester. Much of this damage was in the form of downed limbs, branches, trees, playground sets and some isolated structural damage in the form of blown off roof shingles. The prolonged persistence of these strong and gusty winds accounted for the scope of damage across the region. In Vermont, over 35,000 utility customers lost power.

06 0500EST 07 1200EST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VTZ003>008-016> Caledonia - Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Essex - Lamoille - Orleans - 018 Washington - Western Chittenden 06 0500EST 07 1200EST 0 0 80.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large closed upper atmospheric area of low pressure remained quasi-stationary across New England and Quebec from December 5th through December 8th. A relatively strong surface storm located across New Brunswick on December 6th retrograded across Quebec on December 7th. A broad, deep layered and moisture laden north to northeast flow delivered snow across much of Vermont and portions of northern New York on the 6th and 7th. Local north-northwest facing mountain upslope regions provided local enhancement that accounted for wide variety in snowfall amounts. Snowfall amounts immediately along the lake shore of Lake Champlain ranged from a trace to several inches, with 4 to 8 across much of the the valleys of northern Vermont but localized amounts in excess of 2 feet across favorable upslope locations. Some of the highest amounts included; 32 inches in North Underhill (Chittenden county), 29 inches in Nashville (Chittenden county), 27 inches at Jay Peak (Orleans county), Westmore (Orleans county), Fletcher (Franklin county) and Cambridge (Lamoille county). Numerous vehicle accidents resulted from the snow covered roadways.

198 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VERMONT, North and Central VTZ006-017-018 Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Lamoille 12 1000EST 1600EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep and strong low pressure system traveled across the central United States into the lower Great Lakes on December 12th. Meanwhile, low pressure developed along the frontal boundary of the Great Lakes storm in the mid-Atlantic states and strengthened as it moved across New York into the St. Lawrence River Valley. A strong south-southeast low level jet stream of 75 to 85 mph accompanied these systems, but ran into a cold, stable air mass near the ground, thus strong to damaging surface winds were confined to isolated communities along the downslope regions of the central and northern Green Mountains of Vermont. Approximately 5,000 utility customers lost power in eastern Chittenden, eastern Addison and Lamoille counties with several reports of downed trees and tree limbs due to strong winds. Peak wind gust was recorded in Cambridge (Lamoille county) at 65 mph. Other communities affected included Bristol, Lincoln, Hanksville, Nashville, Underhill and Jeffersonville.

VTZ001>012-016> Caledonia - Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Eastern Rutland - Essex - Grand 019 Isle - Lamoille - Orange - Orleans - Washington - Western Addison - Western Chittenden - Western Franklin - Western Rutland - Windsor 13 1200EST 14 1000EST 0 0 145.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deep and strong low pressure system traveled across the central United States into the lower Great Lakes on December 12th. Meanwhile, low pressure developed along the frontal boundary of the Great Lakes storm in the mid-Atlantic states and strengthened as it moved north across New York and western New England late on the 12th and 13th. Rain that had fallen on December 12th changed to snow during the afternoon on the 13th as the cold front swept across Vermont accounting for rapidly falling temperatures and a quick freeze. Numerous vehicle accidents occurred due to wet roads that quickly became snow covered and icy. Snowfall accumulations across Vermont were generally 3 to 7 inches with localized higher amounts in the mountains. Some specific snowfall amounts include; 8 inches in Cornwall (Addison county), Jericho (Chittenden county) Pittsford (Rutland county), 7 inches in Westford (Chittenden county), Morses Mills (Lamoille county), 6 inches in Georgia Center (Franklin county), 5 inches in Eden (Lamoille county) and Cabot (Washington county).

VTZ009>012-018> Eastern Addison - Eastern Rutland - Orange - Western Addison - Western Rutland - Windsor 019 26 1800EST 27 1100EST 0 0 70.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VTZ008 Washington 26 2100EST 27 1200EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

VTZ007 Caledonia 26 2200EST 27 1200EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VTZ004-006 Essex - Lamoille 26 2200EST 27 1200EST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

VTZ003 Orleans 26 2300EST 27 1200EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

199 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VERMONT, North and Central VTZ002-005-016- Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Western Chittenden - Western Franklin 017 27 0000EST 1200EST 0 0 40.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

A very powerful Nor'easter (960 mb) passed just southeast of Cape Cod on December 27th. It's origins began as a powerful storm system that produced devastating floods and heavy rainfall to portions of southern California, Arizona and Nevada earlier in the week. This system redeveloped in the Gulf of Mexico on Christmas Day and continued to intensify as it moved northeast along the eastern seaboard. Blizzard conditions of heavy snows, strong and damaging winds in excess of 70 mph impacted coastal and inland communities from New Jersey north through Maine on the 26th and 27th. In Vermont, snow arrived across southern sections and the lower Connecticut River Valley during the late afternoon and evening of December 26th. Snow gradually moved into the rest of Vermont and became heavy at times in central and southern Vermont during the overnight and morning hours of December 27th. Snowfall amounts of 4 to 8 inches across central, northeast Vermont, 8 to 15 inches in southern Vermont with some localized higher amounts. In addition strong north winds of 15 to 25 mph with gusts approaching 40 mph caused considerable blowing and drifting of the snow. Numerous vehicle accidents and some isolated to scattered power outages were witnessed.

VERMONT, South

VTZ013 Bennington 01 1500EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front swept across southern Vermont Wednesday bringing strong and gusty winds and heavy rains to the area. With the passage of the cold front winds quickly shifted from the south-southeast to the west and temperatures rapidly dropped. Ahead of the cold front a very strong south to southeast low level jet resulted in wind gusts up to 55 mph and with the passage of the front there were wind gusts up to to around 50 mph. These strong winds gusts downed trees and power lines resulting in power outages. Generally, 1 1/2 to 3 inches of rain fell across the area resulting in some urban and small stream flooding.

VTZ013>015 Bennington - Eastern Windham - Western Windham 26 1400EST 27 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A major nor'easter brought significant snows and near blizzard conditions to southern Vermont Sunday, December 26th into Monday, December 27th. Low pressure initially developed along the Gulf Coast on Christmas. Once the low reached the southeast coast Christmas night, it strengthened and headed northeastward along the East Coast Sunday. Explosive deepening, cyclogenesis, occurred Sunday night as the low moved northward toward Long Island with the low eventually passing directly over Cape Cod early Monday morning. The low then proceeded up the New England coast during the day. Bands of heavy snow with snowfall rates of 1 to 3 inches an hour occurred across southern Vermont resulting in snowfall accumulations of 1 to 2 feet. In addition, strong and gusty winds of 35 to 45 mph caused significant blowing and drifting of the snow.

VIRGINIA, East Fluvanna County 1 ENE Palmyra 01 0425EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

200 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, East Louisa County 1 E Zion 01 0425EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Tree was downed at Columbia Road and Zion Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Nottoway County 1 NW Crewe 01 0430EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Mecklenburg County 1 W Chase City 01 0434EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Large tree was downed on Highway 92. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Mecklenburg County 1 W Chase City 01 0436EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Large tree was downed on Highway 49. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Louisa County Trevilians 01 0440EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Tree was downed at Oakland Road and Hickory Creek Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lunenburg County 1 NE Victoria 01 0455EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Goochland County 3 ESE Oilville 01 0500EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Goochland County 3 NNE Manakin 01 0500EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Henrico County 1 W Quioccasin 01 0516EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Tree was downed and blocking road on Quioccassin Road and Sterling Drive.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Amelia County 3 SE Winterham 01 0520EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Chesterfield County 1 E Midlothian 01 0545EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Large oak tree was downed. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

201 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, East Henrico County 3 E Varina Grove 01 0627EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Tree was downed across a road at Hunters Meadow Place. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Essex County 1 NE Champlain 01 0715EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Tree was downed at Hunters Hill and Route 17. Scattered severe thunderstorms in advance of a cold front produced damaging winds across portions of central and eastern Virginia. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

VAZ048-060>064- Caroline - Charles City - Chesapeake - Chesterfield - Cumberland - Dinwiddie - Fluvanna - Goochland - 067-069>071-080> Hanover - Henrico - Isle of Wight - James City - Louisa - New Kent - Newport News - Norfolk - Nottoway - 083-088>098 Powhatan - Prince Edward - Prince George - Southampton - Suffolk - Surry - Sussex - Virginia Beach - York

13 0500EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Cold air combined with low pressure moving into New England produced between one half inch and three inches of snow across portions of central and southeast Virginia during Monday, December 13th.

16 0800EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

VAZ049-060>100 Accomack - Amelia - Brunswick - Caroline - Charles City - Chesapeake - Chesterfield - Cumberland - Dinwiddie - Essex - Gloucester - Goochland - Greensville - Hanover - Henrico - Isle of Wight - James City - King William - King and Queen - Lancaster - Louisa - Lunenburg - Mathews - Mecklenburg - Middlesex - New Kent - Newport News - Norfolk - Northampton - Northumberland - Nottoway - Powhatan - Prince Edward - Prince George - Richmond - Southampton - Suffolk - Surry - Sussex - Virginia Beach - Westmoreland - York 16 0800EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure moving across the Mid Atlantic region and off the coast produced between one and four inches of snow across portions of central and eastern Virginia during Thursday, December 16th.

VAZ065-066 Lunenburg - Mecklenburg 25 1200EST 26 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between five and sixteen inches of snow across central and eastern Virginia from Saturday afternoon, December 25th, into Sunday evening December 26th.

VAZ060-061 Cumberland - Prince Edward 25 1200EST 26 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between one and four inches of snow across the central Virginia piedmont from Saturday afternoon, December 25th, into Sunday evening December 26th.

VAZ087 Greensville 25 1300EST 26 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between five and sixteen inches of snow across central and eastern Virginia from Saturday afternoon, December 25th, into Sunday evening December 26th.

VAZ048-062>064- Amelia - Caroline - Fluvanna - Goochland - Hanover - Louisa - Nottoway - Powhatan 067>069 25 1300EST 26 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

202 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, East

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between one and four inches of snow across the central Virginia piedmont from Saturday afternoon, December 25th, into Sunday evening December 26th.

VAZ070>086-088> Accomack - Brunswick - Charles City - Chesapeake - Chesterfield - Dinwiddie - Essex - Gloucester - 100 Henrico - Isle of Wight - James City - King William - King and Queen - Lancaster - Mathews - Middlesex - New Kent - Newport News - Norfolk - Northampton - Northumberland - Prince George - Richmond - Southampton - Suffolk - Surry - Sussex - Virginia Beach - Westmoreland - York

25 1400EST 26 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure moving north just off the Mid Atlantic Coast produced between five and sixteen inches of snow across central and eastern Virginia from Saturday afternoon, December 25th, into Sunday evening December 26th.

VIRGINIA, Extreme Southwest

VAZ002 Wise 06 0600EST 07 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Strong upslope winds brought heavy snow to a few locations in the higher elevations. The lower elevations reported 1 to 3 inches of snow.

12 1800EST 13 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

VAZ001-005>006- Lee - Russell - Scott - Washington - Wise 008 12 1800EST 13 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper level low brought heavy snow across southwest Virginia over a 2-day period. The higher elevations received up to 7 inches of snow while the valley had 1 to 3 inches.

VAZ001-005-008 Lee - Russell - Scott - Washington 16 0100EST 1200EST 0 0 80.0K 0.00K Ice Storm

An area of low pressure tracking through the area on the 15-16th produced freezing rain over southwest Virginia during the overnight hours of the 15th, into the morning hours of the 16th. Roads were glazed with 0.25 inches of ice. In addition, 2 to 4 inches of snow was reported making travel dangerous.

VAZ002-005-006 Russell - Scott - Wise 25 0000EST 27 1200EST 0 0 40.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracked through region producing snow over a 3 day period. Generally 1 to 4 inches of snow was reported in the lower elevations, while up to 7.5 inches of snow fell across the higher elevations.

VIRGINIA, North

VAZ025-036 Augusta - Nelson 01 0000EST 0500EST 0 0 High Wind

A cold front passed through central Virginia during the early morning hours of the 1st. Surface high pressure was located just off the Mid-Atlantic Coast during this time. A strong pressure gradient between these two systems brought high winds to the area.

203 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North Nelson County 3 NNE Lovingston 01 0325EST 0 0 5.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Numerous trees were down along Route 29. A strong cold front passed through the region early on the first of December. Southerly winds ahead of the front were able to pump in plenty of warm and moist air for this time of year. Strong forcing from the front combined with limited instability to trigger showers and thunderstorms. Strong winds aloft were able to mix down to the surface in some of the stronger thunderstorms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Augusta County 1 SW Craigsville 01 0330EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water from a creek was flowing over Railroad Avenue. Augusta County 1 W Deerfield 01 0330EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Water from Hamilton Branch was flowing over Deerfield Valley Road.

A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain and flash flooding across the area. Rainfall amounts ranged from 1 to over 2 inches across most locations, with the highest report received in Rappahannock County of 3.05 inches.

VAZ037 Albemarle 01 0343EST 0 0 1.0K High Wind A cold front passed through central Virginia during the early morning hours of the 1st. Surface high pressure was located just off the Mid-Atlantic Coast during this time. A strong pressure gradient between these two systems brought high winds to the area. Albemarle County 2 SSW Woodridge 01 0350EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was down on the 5800 Block of Jefferson Mill Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Albemarle County 3 SSW Boyd Tavern 01 0355EST 0 0 2.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were down along the 3600 Block of Thomas Jefferson Parkway.

A strong cold front passed through the region early on the first of December. Southerly winds ahead of the front were able to pump in plenty of warm and moist air for this time of year. Strong forcing from the front combined with limited instability to trigger showers and thunderstorms. Strong winds aloft were able to mix down to the surface in some of the stronger thunderstorms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Albemarle County 2 ESE Farmington 01 0400EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

The intersection of Ivy Road and Old Ivy Road was closed due to high water. A spotter nearby observed 2.30 inches of rain before the event. Nelson County 1 E Afton 01 0400EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A mudslide forced the closure of Route 6. A rainfall report from nearby was received of 1.82 inches.

A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain and flash flooding across the area. Rainfall amounts ranged from 1 to over 2 inches across most locations, with the highest report received in Rappahannock County of 3.05 inches.

204 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North Madison County 1 SE Radiant 01 0414EST 0 0 2.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were down near Orange Road and Beautiful Run Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Madison County 1 SSE Brightwood 01 0424EST 0 0 2.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were down near Spring Branch Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Culpeper County 2 WNW Culpeper 01 0441EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was down at Gibson Mill Road and Sperryville Pike. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Prince William County 2 ESE Catharpin 01 0545EST 0 0 1.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was down near Poplar Ford Road and Sudley Road. A strong cold front passed through the region early on the first of December. Southerly winds ahead of the front were able to pump in plenty of warm and moist air for this time of year. Strong forcing from the front combined with limited instability to trigger showers and thunderstorms. Strong winds aloft were able to mix down to the surface in some of the stronger thunderstorms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Culpeper County 2 SW White Shop 01 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Routes 657 and 618 were closed due to flash flooding along Crooked Run at the Madison/Culpeper County line. A nearby rain gauge measured 1.41 inches. Madison County 1 NW Oakpark 01 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 607 was closed due to flash flooding on the Robinson River.

Madison County 2 E Peola Mills 01 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 603 was closed at Route 602 due to flash flooding on the Hughes River.

Madison County Peola Mills 01 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 644 was closed due to flash flooding on Popham Run. Madison County 1 NNE Syria 01 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 600 was closed at Route 643 due to flash flooding on the Robinson River.

Culpeper County Monument Mills 01 0630EST 0930EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 628 was closed at Route 640 due to flash flooding along the Thornton River. A rain gauge in the area measured 1.41 inches.

205 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North Rappahannock County 1 N Flint Hill 01 0630EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 628 at Route 630 closed due to flash flooding along Hittles Mill Stream.

Warren County 1 N Browntown 01 0700EST 1 S Boyds Xrds 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 631 at Route 649 was closed due to flash flooding along Gooney Run.

Warren County 1 W Cedarville 01 0700EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 609 was closed at Route 637 due to flash flooding along Molly Camel Run.

Warren County 2 WNW Linden 01 0700EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Route 603 was closed at Route 643 due to flash flooding along Manassas Run.

A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain and flash flooding across the area. Rainfall amounts ranged from 1 to over 2 inches across most locations, with the highest report received in Rappahannock County of 3.05 inches.

VAZ503 Western Highland 05 0000EST 08 0800EST 0 0 Winter Storm

A trough of low pressure remained over the region from the fifth of December through the 8th. A northwest flow around the trough continued to pump in plenty of cold air. The cold air picked up moisture from the Great Lakes and deposited it in the form of snow for locations along and west of the Allegheny Front.

VAZ025>028-504 Augusta - EASTERN HIGHLAND - Frederick - Rockingham - Shenandoah

12 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure cut up through the great lakes during the early morning hours of the 12th. Warm and moist air overrode the surface cold air in place causing precipitation to occur. There was enough cold air at the surface for pockets of freezing rain across the Shenandoah Valley into extreme northern Virginia.

VAZ503 Western Highland 14 0300EST 0900EST 0 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Low pressure moved through New England on the 14th while Canadian high pressure approached from the Great Lakes. The pressure gradient between these two systems brought windy conditions to the Potomac Highlands of Virginia. The gusty winds combined with cold temperatures to produce dangerously low wind chill values during the early morning hours.

VAZ025>031-036> Albemarle - Arlington - Augusta - Clarke - Culpeper - Eastern Highland - Fairfax - Frederick - Greene - 040-042-050>057- King George - Loudoun - Madison - Nelson - Northern Fauquier - Orange - Page - Prince William - 501>504 Rappahannock - Rockingham - Shenandoah - Southern Fauquier - Spotsylvania - Stafford - Warren - Western Highland

16 0800EST 1800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

206 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North

Low pressure passed through the region in a zonal flow causing precipitation to develop on the 16th. There was plenty of cold air in place ahead of this system causing precipitation to fall in the form of snow.

VAZ055-057-503 King George - Stafford - Western Highland 25 1500EST 26 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A wave of low pressure passed through central Virginia, bringing a period of snow with it during the afternoon of the 25th into the overnight hours. A stronger area of low pressure moved up the Mid-Atlantic Coast on the 26th. A band of snowfall associated with the low affected portions of central Virginia.

VAZ503-504 Eastern Highland - WESTERN HIGHLAND 30 0900EST 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure was centered over the Plains while surface high was located along the Mid-Atlantic Coast. A southerly flow between these two systems caused enough overrunning for a brief period of freezing rain across the Potomac Highlands of Virginia.

VIRGINIA, Northwest

VAZ003-004 Buchanan - Dickenson 12 0700EST 13 2300EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

In the wake of a strong cold front, much colder air blew in during Sunday the 12th. Rain changed to snow early that morning. Banded upslope snow showers persisted into Monday evening the 13th, then diminished overnight. Accumulations of 6 to 10 inches were widespread across Dickenson and Buchanan Counties. Blowing snow occurred across the ridges on the 13th with temperatures only 10 to 15 degrees. Around 2000 customers were without electricity in Dickenson County on the 13th.

15 2300EST 16 1300EST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ004 Buchanan 15 2300EST 16 1300EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong warm air advection pattern developed as a weak surface low pressure tracked east from Arkansas to southwest Virginia. Snow accumulated 1 to 3 inches in Buchanan and Dickenson Counties then changed to freezing rain early on Thursday morning the 16th. A quarter to a half inch of ice accumulated before changing to light rain. The light rain diminished that Thursday afternoon.

VAZ003-004 Buchanan - Dickenson 25 0000EST 27 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Light snow fell early on Christmas morning. A uniform 1 to 2 inches of snow accumulated. After a lull Christmas afternoon, snow showers increased Christmas night. The snow showers became most widespread during the afternoon and evening hours of the 26th. This increase was in response to a developing coastal storm and its associated mid level support. The snow showers decreased by the morning hours of the 27th. An additional accumulation of 3 to 6 inches of fluffy dry snow was common over about a 36 hour period. However, in the highest elevations, a 36 hour snow accumulation of 6 to 10 inches was measured.

207 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest Pulaski County Belspring 01 0000EST 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several small streams flooded near Parrott. Damage values are estimated.

Pulaski County Dublin 01 0000EST 1 ESE Dublin Arpt 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding was reported in Dublin with significant ponding of weather on area roadways surrounding Dublin. Damage values are estimated. Tazewell County 1 E Richlands 01 0000EST 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding and small stream flooding was reported in and around Richlands. Damage values are estimated.

Galax (c) County Galax 01 0000EST 0400EST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several streets were closed due to flash flooding in the bottom area of the city along Chestnut Creek. Damage values are estimated. A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

Floyd County 1 S Copper Vly 01 0050EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down on Indian Valley Road near Horse Ridge Road. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Floyd County 3 WSW Union 01 0055EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Buffalo Mountain Road near Long Mountain Road. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Patrick County 6 NNE Critz 01 0108EST 0 0 4.50K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew trees down on Anthony Road. Damage values are estimated.

Trees were downed in association with thunderstorms along a cold front as it passed through the region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 1 SW Blacksburg 01 0121EST 0630EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding occurred on the Virginia Tech campus near Duck Pond Road and Mid Field near Plantation Road. The area had ponding of water over it water flowing across the road. Damage values are estimated.

208 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest

A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

Franklin County 2 N Snydersville 01 0134EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on US Highway 220 near Fishburn Mountain Road. Damage values are estimated.

Trees were downed in association with thunderstorms along a cold front as it passed through the region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Grayson County 2 ENE Peachy Bottom 01 0145EST 0400EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Little River flooded and prompted the closure of Cold Springs Lane. Damage values are estimated.

Carroll County 2 ENE Gladeville 01 0200EST 0400EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding prompted the closure of Trapper Drive and Cranberry Road as a neighboring creek flooded. Damage values are estimated. Carroll County 3 S Laurel Fork 01 0200EST 0400EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding prompted Pine Creek to leave its banks and flood Keno Road. Damage values are estimated.

Floyd County 3 SSE Sowers 01 0200EST 0630EST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A driveway bridge was washed out near Alum Ridge. Damage values are estimated.

A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

Franklin County 2 ESE Redwood 01 0200EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Byrds Mill Road near Route 40. Damage values are estimated.

Trees were downed in association with thunderstorms along a cold front as it passed through the region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Carroll County 2 SE Galax City 01 0215EST 0400EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Tower Road was closed at Bedsaul Road due to high water. Damage values are estimated.

209 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest

A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

Bedford County 4 S Thaxton 01 0228EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Rocky Ford Road. Damage values are estimated.

Trees were downed in association with thunderstorms along a cold front as it passed through the region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Botetourt County 1 NE Fringer 01 0230EST 0630EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding along Back Creek prompted closure of Lithia Road. Damage values are estimated.

Roanoke County 1 NNE Vinton 01 0230EST 0630EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Belle Avenue and King Street were closed due to flooding from a small stream. Damage values are estimated.

Botetourt County 2 W Fincastle 01 0245EST 0630EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding occurred along the North Fork of Catawba Creek and prompted the closure of a one lane bridge on Breckinridge Mill Road. Damage values are estimated. Botetourt County 1 S Daleville 01 0245EST 0630EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding occurred along Tinker Creek and prompted the closure of Tinker Mill Road. Damage values are estimated.

Floyd County 4 NE Pizarro 01 0250EST 0630EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rain prompted flash flooding as a creek left its banks. Damage values are estimated.

A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

Amherst County 1 SE Sweet Briar 01 0300EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Higginbotham Creek Road. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

210 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest Pittsylvania County 1 NW Glenland 01 0300EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down near the intersection of Renan Road and Bailess Drive. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Pittsylvania County 2 SW Hurt 01 0300EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Roark Mill Road. Damage values are estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Pittsylvania County Glenland 01 0301EST 0 0 0.90K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew a tree down on Renan Road. Damage values are estimated.

Trees were downed in association with thunderstorms along a cold front as it passed through the region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Alleghany County 2 WSW Clifton Forge City 01 0310EST 0700EST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding yielded high water at the intersection of Forth Street and Route 220. The intersection was closed. Damage values are estimated. Alleghany County 2 NNW Clifton Forge City 01 0315EST 0700EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding along Wilson Creek prompted the closure of Douthat Road near Buckhorn Store. Damage values are estimated.

Rockbridge County 3 SW Newtown 01 0400EST 0700EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding occurred along Buffalo Creek. the maximum observed stream stage was 7.2 feet. Flood stage is 6.0 feet. Damage values are estimated. Lexington (c) County 2 N Lexington 01 0400EST 0700EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding occurred along Kerrs Creek near Lexington. The stream crested at 9.53 feet. Flood stage is 8.0 feet. The stream experienced a rise of six feet in less than three hours. Damage values are estimated.

Franklin County 3 E Henry Fork 01 0405EST 0630EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Doe Run flooded and closed the intersection of Doe Run Road and Ashpone Tavern. Damage values are estimated.

Bedford County 3 S Irving 01 0600EST 0630EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding prompted the closure of Thaxton Mountain Road between Union Church Road and Rocky Ford Road. Damage values are estimated.

211 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest Bedford County 1 S Irving 01 0600EST 0630EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding prompted the closure of Foster Road between Quarles Road and Nester Road where it crosses Goose Creek. Damage values are estimated. Amherst County 3 ESE Lowesville 01 0615EST 0730EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding occurred along the Piney River. A four foot rise was observed in less than six hours with the river cresting at 6.32 feet. Flood stage is 6.00 feet. Damage values are estimated.

Bath County 7 NNE Mountain Grove 01 0700EST 0730EST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flash flooding along Back Creek resulted in a crest of 7.29 feet. Flood stage is six feet. The stream four feet in less than six hours. Damage values are estimated. A major storm affected the eastern U.S. during the period of November 30 - December 1 as a powerful upper low and surface system moved into the Great Lakes proving an extended period of deep southerly flow across the region. Precipitable water values were extremely high for very early December, running from 1.3 to 1.6 inches or nearly 200 percent of normal. Precipitation developed late on the 29th and produced moderate rains (0.25 to 0.50â) across the western portion of the NWS Blacksburg forecast area ending at 7 AM on the 30th. Heavier and more widespread precipitation developed on the evening of the 30th into the early morning hours of December 1st.

VAZ015 Grayson 04 0700EST 05 0840EST 0 0 0.00K Blizzard

VAZ007-009-010 Bland - Smyth - Tazewell 04 0720EST 05 0645EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure passed across the southern Appalachians. Abundant moisture on the north side of the system combined with cold air over southwest Virginia to produce five to eight inches of snow.

12 0420EST 14 0840EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

VAZ007-010-015 Bland - Grayson - Tazewell 12 0440EST 14 0900EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

Very strong northwest winds developed in the wake of a departing cold front. The persistent trajectories and duration of the event helped snow accumulate up to one foot at the higher elevations.

16 0030EST 1530EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ009>012-014- Bland - Craig - Giles - Montgomery - Patrick - Smyth - Wythe 018-032 16 0040EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ019 Alleghany 16 0430EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

212 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest VAZ022 Roanoke 16 0454EST 1717EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ020-023 Bath - Botetourt 16 0500EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

VAZ024-034-045 Amherst - Bedford - Campbell - Rockbridge 16 0530EST 1754EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved east from the Tennessee valley across northwest North Carolina. Wintry precipitation occurred with the passage of the low across southeast West Virginia. Snow amounts across the region ranged from 2 to 5 inches while sleet and freezing rain were mixed with the snow at the conclusion of the event.

VAZ009-015>017- Bland - Carroll - Charlotte - Floyd - Grayson - Halifax - Henry - Patrick - Pittsylvania - Smyth 032-043>044-058> 059 25 0120EST 27 1200EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A complex storm system developed from the central Appalachians south to the Gulf of Mexico. The first of two areas of low pressure brought relatively light amounts of snow to all but the eastern Piedmont region of Virginia and North Carolina. The second low took a track that took it through central North Carolina. Snow on the western flanks of this low brought a greater amount of snow to the region. Snowfall amounts varied significantly during this event, and were elevation dependent. Amounts ranged from as little as 2.0 inches to as much as 7.0 inches over southwest and south central Virginia.

VAZ019-024-032> Alleghany - Bedford - Franklin - Patrick - Rockbridge 034 27 0700EST 1115EST 0 0 30.6K High Wind

Low pressure moved off the New England coast and intensified. High pressure was building into the region. the resultant pressure gradient produced damaging wind gusts that brought trees at at least one power line down.

WASHINGTON, Northeast

WAZ034-037-041> East Slopes Northern Cascades - Moses Lake Area - Northeast Mountains - Okanogan Highlands - 044 Okanogan Valley - Waterville Plateau - Wenatchee Area 11 1100PST 12 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Heavy snow fell over portions of central and northeast Washington. The Waterville Plateau was hit hard where 18 to 24 inches of snow fell. Daily snowfall records were broken for several areas including Mazama with 21 inches, and Holden Village with 17 inches. Power went out twice in East Wenatchee affecting over 800 customers. Brief power outages were also reported in Chelan, Entiat, and Mansfield.

WAZ036 Spokane Area 14 0600PST 1000PST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front passage brought estimated wind gusts of 50 miles per hour in Cheney. The winds resulted in power outages for a couple hours, with several trees knocked down.

WAZ031-037 Northeast Blue Mountains - Northeast Mountains 27 1900PST 28 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A very moist warm front passage resulted in heavy snow over the northeast Washington Mountains and the Blue Mountains. In the Northeast Washington Mountains, Clayton picked up four inches of snow. In the Blue Mountains, snow accumulations ranged from seven to 13 inches.

213 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northeast WAZ032-036-037 Lower Garfield & Asotin - Northeast Mountains - Spokane Area

28 1900PST 29 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

WAZ034-035 Moses Lake Area - Upper Columbia Basin 28 2300PST 29 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

WAZ033 Washington Palouse 29 0600PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Heavy snow fell over much of Eastern Washington, as well as blizzard conditions on the Palouse. Widespread accidents, major highway closures, and thousands losing power resulted during this major storm. Road closures include U.S. Highway 195 from Pullman to the Idaho State Line, State Route 27 from Palouse to Garfield, and State Route 23 from Steptoe to the Lincoln County Line. In addition, Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport closed early on the morning of December 29th due to poor runway conditions, and remained closed much of the day. Washington State Patrol responded to 150 slide offs and collisions between Cheney and the Idaho State Line. Interstate 90 in Spokane was closed at the height of the storm after a semi truck crashed. Two people received indirect injuries after a collision on Highway 195. County roads from Wilson Creek to Grand Coulee were closed due to falling and drifting snow.

WASHINGTON, Northwest

WAZ505 East Puget Sound Lowlands 04 0758PST 0958PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Brief east high wind was reported in Enumclaw.

WAZ518-519 West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes - West Slopes Northern Cascades and Passes

08 1800PST 10 0400PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A strong cold front followed by moist westerly flow brought heavy snow to the Cascades.

Clallam County Forks 09 1400PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Lightning

A lightning storm knocked two Forks radio stations off the air and damaged some equipment. It also caused a fire that destroyed a nearby home. A lightning storm knocked two Forks radio stations off the air and damaged some equipment.

Mason County Skokomish River Near Potlatch 12 0100PST Allyn 14 1200PST 0 0 700.00K 0.00K Flood

All of highway 106 in Mason county was closed due to flooding and mudslides. A foot bridge in the Tahuya State Forest was closed after floods washed out the concrete entry. Several homes were reported flooded in Mason county.

Snohomish County Granite Falls 12 0430PST 2 SE Arlington 13 0900PST 0 0 1.10M 0.00K Flood

About 33 homes, and one business, were damaged in Granite Falls, Arlington, and Stanwood when the Stillaguamish River hit record flood stage. Parts of Highway 530 were closed. About 240 homes were issued a voluntary evacuation, while 6 people had to be rescued by hovercraft near Granite Falls.

214 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northwest Skagit County Concrete 12 0600PST 1 N Sedro Woolley 13 0300PST 0 0 300.00K 0.00K Flood

There was some damage along the Skagit river. Whatcom County 1 NW Diablo 12 0600PST 13 0300PST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Flood

Parts of Highway 20 between Newhalem and Diablo were washed away by heavy rain and flooding.

Kitsap County Port Orchard 12 0900PST 5 S Burley 1800PST 0 0 1.00M 0.00K Flood

About 200 people were trapped near Port Orchard when Hunter road was washed out by a raging creek - it is the only road in and out of a neighborhood. Lake Flora Rd was also closed near highway 3 where it was washed out.

WAZ508 Seattle/Bremerton Area 12 1200PST 13 1500PST 0 0 1.0M 0.00K Landslide

King County Covington 12 1800PST 5 SSW Vashon 14 2200PST 0 0 3.00M 0.00K Flood

There was major flooding along the Snoqualmie River. Westside Hwy on Vashon island was closed due to a portion of the road sinking. Some basements flooded as China Creek in Newcastle, overflowed. Several roads around North Bend and Carnation were closed due to flooding. The Stillaguamish River reached record level. There were several roads washed out in Kitsap county. 2 homes were damaged from mudslides. Grays Harbor County (HQM)Bowerman Fld Ho 14 0000PST 0030PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

Kitsap County Harper 14 0015PST 0045PST 1 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A woman living in the Harper area was killed when a tree fell onto her home around 1230 am. F55PH

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. King County 4 N Issaquah 14 0030PST Maple Vly 0100PST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54MG)

About 8600 Seattle City Light customers lost power. About 300 homes in the Sammamish area lost power and one had a tree fall on it. In Maple valley a lumber storage building had its roof ripped off.

Note: The measured wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Snohomish County Maltby 14 0045PST 0115PST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (44MG)

About 1500 homes in the Snohomish county area lost power. Several trees fell on homes, one man was pinned down by debris after a tree came down on his home. A squall line produced outflow winds with gusts between 45 and 70 mph. Note: The measured wind gust of 44 knots is equivalent to 51 mph.

215 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northwest WAZ505-516 East Puget Sound Lowlands - North Coast 17 1723PST 18 0310PST 0 0 200.0K 0.00K High Wind

This was a classic east wind event in the east Puget Sound lowlands with some evidence of flow reversal and mountain waves forming. The surface gradient was also quite strong--strong enough to cause high wind at Tatoosh Island (TTI). There was widespread damage in the Enumclaw and North Bend areas, and some damage farther west in Federal Way.

WASHINGTON, Southeast

WAZ026-520 East Slopes Of The Washington Cascades - Kittitas Valley - Yakima Valley

11 0600PST 12 2000PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Moist Pacific air flowed over cold air at the surface and created heavy snowfall. Amounts reported in inches included 2 miles northeast of Selah (5.5), Snowden (6), Sunnyside (4), Glenwood (6), 1 mile south of Cle Elum (10), 3 miles east northeast of Yakima (9), 4 miles east of Moxee (5.5), Kittitas (6), 7 miles north northwest of Easton (9.5), 9 miles north of Ellensburg (12), Sunnyside (6), Bickleton (6.5), 5 miles north northwest of Ellensburg (9), 4 miles west northwest of West Valley (6), 8 miles southeast of Cliffdell (7), Trout Lake (6), and 2 miles northeast of West Valley (6). Freezing rain also occurred during the storm in portions of the Yakima Valley.

Walla Walla County 1 W Walla Walla 14 0454PST 1 W Walla Walla Arpt 0503PST 0 0 20.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

A severe thunderstorm with winds gusting to 58 mph knocked down trees and caused power outages to over 3500 customers in Walla Walla. One large tree fell onto an unoccupied car and caused major damage.

A severe thunderstorm brought damaging winds during the early morning to portions of Walla Walla. Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. WAZ030 Northwest Blue Mountains 27 1800PST 30 2200PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A moist southerly flow on December 28 was followed by a strong cold front on December 29. Over a 48 hour period, the Blue Mountains in southeast Washington above 4000 feet received over 2 feet of snow. Reported snowfall amounts in inches included 44 inches at Ski Bluewood.

WASHINGTON, Southwest

WAZ021 South Coast 11 1930PST 12 1010PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Another strong Pacific weather system brought strong southerly winds to the south Washington Coast.

Wahkiakum County Rosburg 12 1032PST 1715PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rainfall over the area caused the Grays River near Rosburg to overflow its banks.

A strong Pacific weather system brought heavy rainfall to the area in mid December causing flooding on local rivers.

WAZ019 West Slopes Southern Cascades and Passes 13 2000PST 15 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong Pacific cold front moved through the Cascades bringing heavy precipitation and dramatically lowering snow levels.

216 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Southwest Pacific County Long Beach 13 2341PST 2351PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG)

Gusty winds were reported at Long Beach, Washington with a peak gust of 55 kts.

A strong cold pool of air aloft produced a very unstable airmass over southwest Washington. A vigorous low pressure center was just off the Washington Coast with a surface trough moving through southwest Washington. This trough served as a focus for thunderstorms during the day. These thunderstorms produced strong, gusty winds in several locations. Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

WAZ021-039 South Coast - Vancouver Area 17 1430PST 18 0025PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low approaching the coast from the southwest brought strong southerly winds to the Pacific Northwest...especially along the south Washington coast and interior portions of southwest Washington.

WAZ019 West Slopes Southern Cascades and Passes 27 1400PST 28 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A series of strong weather systems brought heavy snow accumulations to the south Washington Cascades.

WEST VIRGINIA, East Mineral County 1 N Limestone 01 0530EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

High water in association with New Creek was reported on Route 46. Rainfall in the area measured 1.79 inches.

Mineral County 3 S Headsville 01 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

High waterwas reported on Patterson Creek Road. A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain and flash flooding across the area. Rainfall amounts ranged from 1 to over 2 inches across most locations, with the highest report received in Berkeley County of 2.57 inches.

WVZ504 Eastern Mineral 01 0626EST 0 0 2.0K High Wind A cold front passed through eastern West Virginia during the early morning hours of the 1st. Surface high pressure was located just off the Mid-Atlantic Coast during this time. A strong pressure gradient between these two systems brought high winds to the area. Berkeley County 1 SW Inwood 01 0630EST 1 NW Bunker Hill 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Henshaw Road was inundated by Mill Creek beneath the Interstate 81 overpass. Rainfall was measured in the area at 2.54 inches. A cold front moved across the Appalachian Mountains early on the morning of December 1 into an unseasonably warm and moisture atmosphere in the Mid-Atlantic. Widespread rain and thunderstorms developed, some of which produced heavy rain and flash flooding across the area. Rainfall amounts ranged from 1 to over 2 inches across most locations, with the highest report received in Berkeley County of 2.57 inches.

WVZ501-505 Western Grant - Western Pendleton 05 0000EST 08 0800EST 0 0 Winter Storm

217 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, East WVZ503 Western Mineral 05 0000EST 08 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

WVZ501-503-505 WESTERN PENDLETON - Western Grant - Western Mineral 06 0800EST 1600EST 0 0 Blizzard

A trough of low pressure remained over the region from the fifth of December through the 8th. A northwest flow around the trough continued to pump in plenty of cold air. The cold air picked up moisture from the Great Lakes and deposited it in the form of snow for locations along and west of the Allegheny Front. Gusty winds and low visibility produced blizzard conditions on the 6th of December. The heaviest snow fell during the fifth and sixth of December.

WVZ050-055-502> EASTERN PENDLETON - Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Hampshire - Hardy - Morgan - Western 504-506 Mineral 12 0000EST 0900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure cut up through the great lakes during the early morning hours of the 12th. Warm and moist air overrode the surface cold air in place causing precipitation to occur. There was enough cold air at the surface for pockets of freezing rain across portions of the Eastern Panhandle and Potomac Highlands.

WVZ501-505 Western Grant - Western Pendleton 14 0300EST 0900EST 0 0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill

Low pressure moved through New England on the 14th while Canadian high pressure approached from the Great Lakes. The pressure gradient between these two systems brought windy conditions to the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia. The gusty winds combined with cold temperatures to produce dangerously low wind chill values during the early morning hours.

WVZ050>053-055- Berkeley - Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Eastern Pendleton - Hampshire - Hardy - Jefferson - 501>506 Morgan - Western Grant - Western Mineral - Western Pendleton 16 0800EST 1800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure passed through the region in a zonal flow causing precipitation to develop on the 16th. There was plenty of cold air in place ahead of this system causing precipitation to fall in the form of snow.

WVZ501-505 Western Grant - Western Pendleton 26 0800EST 27 2100EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure rapidly intensified on the 26th as it moved up the Mid-Atlantic coast. A northwest flow behind this system transported plenty of cold air across the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia. The cold air combined with moisture from the Great Lakes to trigger snow showers for locations along and west of the Allegheny Front.

WVZ050-055-502- Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Eastern Pendleton - Hampshire - Hardy - Western Pendleton 504>506 30 0900EST 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure was centered over the Plains while surface high was located along the Mid-Atlantic Coast. A southerly flow between these two systems caused enough overrunning for a brief period of freezing rain across the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia.

218 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, North WVZ023-041 Preston - Tucker 05 0800EST 07 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Deep low pressure sitting over the eastern Great Lakes brought prolonged cold northwest flow across the region producing intense lake effect snow bands into northwest Pennsylvania and the higher ridges of western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. Storm total snowfall ranged from 6 to 10 inches with isolated 12 inch reports across northwest Pennsylvania and extended south into Butler county. Amounts in the ridges of western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland ranged from 12 to 18 inches.

13 0400EST 14 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

WVZ041 Tucker 13 0400EST 14 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved east across the upper Ohio Valley bringing mixed precipitation followed by cold northwest flow. Lake effect snow bands produced heavy snow in Mercer county Pennsylvania, as well as the ridges in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. Heavy snow also fell in the ridges of Preston and Tucker counties of West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland. Storm totals of 6 to 10 inches of snow fell across portions of pennsylavania, with more than one foot of snow in portions of West Virginia and Garrett county Maryland.

WVZ023-041 Preston - Tucker 26 1000EST 27 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Cold northwest winds behind strong low pressure moving off the east coast produced heavy lake effect snow across the higher elevations of Preston and Tucker counties with a storm total of 8 to 16 inches.

WEST VIRGINIA, Southeast

WVZ042 Mercer 04 1137EST 05 1000EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure passed across the southern Appalachians. Abundant moisture on the north side of the system combined with cold air over southeast West Virginia to produce five to six inches of snow.

WVZ045 Greenbrier 05 0000EST 07 1000EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

In the wake of departing area of low pressure, northwest winds increased across the mountains of southeast West Virginia. The preferred upslope region of western Greenbrier County received around 15 inches of snow during the two day event. Combined with strong winds gusting to 30 mph, drifting and blow snow were also reported. Wind chill values dipped into the zero degrees to ten below zero range.

WVZ042-045 Greenbrier - Mercer - Summers 12 0724EST 14 0740EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

Very strong northwest winds developed in the wake of a departing cold front. The persistent trajectories and duration of the event helped snow accumulate up to over one foot at the higher elevations.

16 0140EST 1200EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ043>045 Greenbrier - Monroe - Summers 16 0300EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

219 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, Southeast

A low pressure system moved east from the Tennessee valley across southeast West Virginia. Heavy snow occurred with the passage of the low. Snow amounts across the region ranged from four to eight inches. Some freezing rain also fell around Bluefield region.

25 0216EST 27 1352EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

WVZ045 Greenbrier 25 0216EST 27 1352EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A complex storm system developed from the central Appalachians south to the Gulf of Mexico. The first of two areas of low pressure brought relatively light amounts of snow to all but the eastern Piedmont region of Virginia and North Carolina. The second low took a track that took it through central North Carolina. Snow on the western flanks of this low brought a greater amount of snow to the region. Snowfall amounts varied significantly during this event, and were elevation dependent. Amounts ranged from as little as 2.0 inches to as much as 10.5 inches over southeast West Virginia.

WEST VIRGINIA, West Nicholas County 1 SE Richwood 01 0430EST 1 ESE Saxman 0630EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

The South Fork of the Cherry River flooded yards and surrounded one home along Johnstown Road near Richwood. The staff gauge in Richwood, located near the junction of the North and South Forks of the Cherry River, crested around 9 feet.

Webster County 3 SW Waneta 01 0600EST 2 NE Jerryville 0800EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

The headwaters of the Elk River flooded County Route 26 known as the Bergoo Road. The road was closed.

From the late afternoon on November 30th to the early morning of December 1st, rain amounts of 2 to 3 inches fell over the headwaters of the Elk and Gauley Rivers in Webster, Nicholas, western Pocahontas, and northwestern Greenbrier Counties. Luckily, the ground was relatively dry prior to this event. Minor flooding still occurred along the headwater streams and rivers in Webster and Nicholas Counties during the predawn to sunrise time frame on the 1st. No structures were damaged.

WVZ036>039-046> Fayette - Nicholas - Pocahontas - Randolph - Upshur - Webster 047 05 1500EST 07 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

In the wake of a clipper system, a prolong upslope snow shower event started during Sunday afternoon the 5th. The snow showers reached their peak coverage and intensity on Monday the 6th, then diminished during Tuesday afternoon the 7th. Snow depths prior to the storm were mostly 2 to 5 inches. A snowfall of 8 to 16 inches was common in about a 48 hour period. The lower limit was measured across much of Fayette County, while the upper limit was observed across the high terrain of Nicholas, Upshur, Randolph, Pocahontas, and Webster Counties. Some point snowfalls included Snowshoe with 16 inches, Pickens 17 inches, Richwood and Hacker Valley around 16 inches, Rock Cave 14 inches, Webster Springs and Valley Head 13 inches, and finally Oak Hill with 8 inches. The downslope areas into the Greenbrier River Valley of Pocahontas County had less snow. Total snow depths reached to around 20 inches near Richwood and Pickens before settling.

WVZ033 McDowell 12 0900EST 13 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

220 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, West

In the wake of a strong cold front, much colder air blew in during Sunday the 12th. Rain changed to snow early that morning. Banded upslope snow showers persisted into Monday evening the 13th, then diminished overnight. Temperatures were in the teens to around 20 degrees on the 13th. Accumulations of 6 to 8 inches were widespread across McDowell County.

WVZ005>007-013> Cabell - Lincoln - Mason - Putnam - Wayne 014 16 0300EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

WVZ024>026-033> Boone - Logan - McDowell - Mingo - Wyoming 034 16 0400EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ008-015>018- Braxton - Calhoun - Clay - Fayette - Jackson - Kanawha - Nicholas - Raleigh - Roane - Wirt - Wood 027>028-035>037 16 0500EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong warm air advection pattern developed as a weak surface low pressure tracked east from Arkansas to southwest Virginia. After 3 to 4 inches of snow fell, the snow changed to freezing rain over the southern West Virginia coal fields. A quarter to a half inch of ice accumulated. However, no widespread electrical outages occurred. Elsewhere, the precipitation stayed mainly snow, where 4 to 6 inches accumulated.

WVZ015-024>028- Barbour - Boone - Braxton - Clay - Fayette - Kanawha - Lewis - Logan - McDowell - Mingo - Nicholas - 030-033>040-046> Pocahontas - Raleigh - Randolph - Upshur - Webster - Wyoming 047 25 0000EST 27 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Light snow fell early on Christmas morning. A uniform 1 to 2 inches of snow accumulated. After a lull Christmas afternoon, snow showers increased Christmas night. The snow showers became most widespread during the afternoon and evening hours of the 26th. This increase was in response to a developing coastal storm and its associated mid level support. The snow showers decreased by the morning hours of the 27th. An additional accumulation of 4 to 6 inches of fluffy dry snow was common over about a 36 hour period. However, in the usual maximum upslope areas of Randolph, Webster, Nicholas, Upshur, and western Pocahontas Counties, the 36 hour snow accumulation was 6 to 12 inches.

WISCONSIN, Northeast

WIZ005-010>013- Brown - Calumet - Door - Florence - Forest - Kewaunee - Langlade - Lincoln - Manitowoc - Marathon - 018>022-030>031- Menominee - Northern Marinette - Northern Oconto - Oneida - Outagamie - Portage - Shawano - 035>040-045-048> Southern Marinette - Southern Oconto - Vilas - Waupaca - Waushara - Winnebago - Wood 050-073>074 11 0900CST 12 1600CST 1 0 Winter Storm

WIZ022-038>040- Brown - Calumet - Door - Kewaunee - Manitowoc - Outagamie - Winnebago 048>050 11 1800CST 12 1600CST 0 0 Blizzard

12 1800CST 13 0530CST 0 0 50.0K High Wind

A strong winter storm produced heavy snow and blizzard conditions across parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota on December 11- 12, 2010. A widespread snowfall of 8 to 14 inches along with frequent wind gusts over 40 mph affected much of northeast and central Wisconsin. Thundersnow was even reported at several locations in east-central Wisconsin at the height of the storm.

221 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Northeast

The snow developed as low pressure moved from Wyoming to southern Lake Michigan. Strong winds, in response to the pressure difference between Arctic high pressure over southern Canada and the low pressure system, created severe blowing snow and blizzard conditions across Green Bay, the Fox Valley and the lake shore counties. The strong winds blew down trees and limbs, resulting in power outages to thousands of homes. Fire departments in Two Rivers and Manitowoc opened their buildings as warming stations until power was restored. A large stretch of U.S. Highway 10 in Manitowoc County had to be closed for 9 hours due to white-out conditions. Stranded vehicles kept plow operators from effectively clearing some roads. Winds gusted well over 60 mph in northern Door County.

At least one death was attributed to the storm in the area. A male died of caridac arrest due to hypothermia near Marshfield early on December 12, after leaving his stranded truck to get help.

Some of the highest snowfall totals from the storm included 18.0 inches at Marshfield (Wood Co.), 16.2 inches at Plover (Portage Co.), 15.5 inches near Forestville (Door Co.), 14.7 inches 8 miles west of Merrill (Lincoln Co.), 14.6 inches at King (Waupaca Co.), 14.4 inches near Dancy (Marathon Co.), 13.5 inches at Lac Vieux Desert (Vilas CO.) and Pulcifer (Shawano Co.), 13.1 inches at Denmark (Brown Co.) and 12.5 inches at New Holstein (Calumet Co.). The 13.5 inches of snow measured in Wausau makes this storm the biggest December snowstorm ever in that city.

The highest winds with the storm were in Door County where peak gusts included 70 mph in Sister Bay, 68 mph on Washington Island, 66 mph at Northport Pier, 57 mph on Chambers Island and 50 mph in Sturgeon Bay. The high winds tore siding and part of a roof from a building in Fish Creek. Significant peak wind gusts across the rest of the area included 53 mph in Green Bay, 50 mph at Manitowoc (Manitowoc Co.) and Oshkosh (Winnebago Co.), 48 mph in Appleton (Outagamie Co.), 46 mph in Antigo (Langlade Co.) and 45 mph in Algoma (Kewaunee Co.).

WIZ039 Brown 21 0000CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure moved from the northern Plains into southern Wisconsin. The storm system produced a large area of four to eight inches of snow over a two-day period. Daily snowfall records were set in Green Bay (6.2) and Rhinelander (7.3) for December 21.

WISCONSIN, Northwest

WIZ004 Iron 04 1400CST 07 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

An arctic air mass pouring south out of Canada generated lake effect snow showers along the south shore of Lake Superior for a few days. The heaviest snow fell across Iron County between the evening of December 4th and the afternoon of December 6th. By the afternoon of the 6th, areas in the Gogebic Range had received 12 to 18 inch accumulations. When the lake effect snow finally abated late on December 7th, amounts over 20 inches were common along the higher terrain of central Iron County. Gile reported 21.4 inches and Montreal reported 19 inches of snow.

WIZ002>004-006> Ashland - Bayfield - Burnett - Iron - Price - Sawyer - Washburn 009 11 0300CST 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Parts of northwest Wisconsin were brushed by the northern edge of a significant snowstorm. Snow moved into the area early in the morning December 11th and picked up in intensity during the day before exiting to the east in the late evening and early overnight. With the low pressure system tracking well south, and a dry, arctic high pressure pushing in, a sharp gradient in snowfall accumulations was set up across the area. Areas in southern Washburn, Sawyer and Price Counties received 8-14 inches, with Sarona receiving 16.4 inches. However, this quickly dropped off to 2-4 inches in northern Burnett and western Bayfield Counties. A combination of lake effect and system snow produced higher totals in Ashland and Iron Counties with 10- 18 inches falling in the higher terrain of the Gogebic Range. Gusty northeast winds up to 40 mph off Lake Superior during the height of the storm led to significant blowing and drifting snow in northern parts of Ashland and Iron Counties. Part of Highway 2 was closed just west of Ashland for a time, as it was deemed impassible.

WIZ001>004-007> Ashland - Bayfield - Douglas - Iron - Price - Sawyer - Washburn 009 20 1200CST 21 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

222 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Northwest

Snow began and spread rapidly across northwest Wisconsin during the early afternoon of the 20th. The heaviest snow, with amounts from 8 to 12 inches, fell north of a line from Dairyland in southern Douglas County through Phillips in Price County.

WIZ004 Iron 25 0600CST 26 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Lake effect snow was very localized, bringing up to 8 inches of snow to northern Iron County during the day.

WISCONSIN, Southeast

WIZ046-056>058- Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Jefferson - Kenosha - Lafayette - Marquette - 062>072 Milwaukee - Racine - Rock - Sauk - Walworth - Waukesha 03 1800CST 04 1630CST 0 0 Winter Weather

A surface low pressure tracked from South Dakota through Iowa across southern Illinois. Warm air advection ahead of the low led to a prolonged 15 to 18 hour snow event. Snow totals ranged from 4 to 6 inches southwest of a Wisconsin Dells to Madison to Delavan line...tapering to 3 to 5 inches southwest of a Green Lake to Mequon line. This snow event was the first widespread event to affect south-central and southeast Wisconsin during the 2010-11 winter season.

09 1500CST 10 0000CST 0 0 Winter Weather

WIZ047-051-056> Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green Lake - Jefferson - Kenosha - Milwaukee - Ozaukee - 060-063>066-069> Racine - Rock - Sauk - Sheboygan - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 072 09 1500CST 10 0000CST 0 0 5.0K Winter Weather

An area of upper-level low pressure tracked across the Upper Midwest and western Great lakes region, interacting with increasing moisture moving into Wisconsin ahead of the low. Snow began falling late on the afternoon on the 9th, with most of the area seeing steady snow during the evening rush hour, causing travel problems. Overall snow totals ranged between 2 and 4 inches, with the snow ending around midnight. The highest snowfall totals were north of a Portage to Port Washington line.

WIZ046-051>052- Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Jefferson - Lafayette - Marquette - 056>060-062>065- Ozaukee - Rock - Sauk - Sheboygan - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 067>070 11 1200CST 12 1507CST 0 0 Blizzard

An upper-level trough deepened over the central Plains, developing a deep area of surface low pressure that tracked from Iowa across Illinois. The system produced heavy snow across all of Wisconsin, with portions of the south initially seeing rain, limiting snow amounts there. Gusty winds of 40 to 60 mph accompanied the heavy snow, producing blizzard conditions over most of southern Wisconsin from the afternoon of December 11th into the afternoon of December 12th. Snowfall totals ranged from 6 inches to 12 inches along and north of a Mineral Point to Port Washington line. A state of emergency was declared for all 72 counties by Governor James Doyle. The driving conditions were dire enough for the state Department of Transportation and the State patrol to issue a travel advisory recommending no travel on any Wisconsin highways from the evening of the 11th through the day on the 12th. Interestate-43 was reduced to one lane in each direction at times, with Interstate-94 closed for 3 1/2 hours due to a multi-car accident. The blinding wind-driven snow caused many authorities to pull their snowplows from the roads until conditions improved. The near-whiteout conditions on Sunday caused many churches to cancel services. Many tree limbs and power lines were brought down by the combination of strong winds and heavy snow. WE Energies reported as many as 20,000 customers were without power during the time period from Saturday night the 11th through Sunday evening the 12th, including 6,000 in Dodge,Washington and Ozaukee counties with more than 100 crews out in the field. Alliant Energy reported 5,800 customers without power in Fond Du Lac and Sheboygan counties early Sunday the 12th.

WIZ066-071-072 Kenosha - Milwaukee - Racine 12 0400CST 2359CST 0 0 30.0K Winter Weather

223 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southeast

Deepening low pressure in the Plains, tracked across Illinois, drawing warm air and rain into southeast Wisconsin. As the deep low passed to the east, the rain changed to snow, with a tight pressure gradient producing north winds of 20 to 30 mph, with a few gusts of 35 to 50 mph, caused blowing and drifting snow. Snowfall totals ranged between 1 and 3 inches.

WIZ046-051>052- Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Jefferson - Kenosha - Lafayette - 056>060-062>072 Marquette - Milwaukee - Ozaukee - Racine - Rock - Sauk - Sheboygan - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 20 1400CST 21 0900CST 0 0 Winter Weather

Southern Wisconsin recorded accumulating snow in most areas as a warm front passed through the region under an upper-level disturbance. The combination of the warm front and upper disturbance provided the ingredients for snow on Monday, December 20th, with freezing drizzle moving over the area early Tuesday morning, December 21st. The snow began to fall in southwestern Wisconsin mid-day Monday and began a progression to the east and north through the rest of the day. The snow eventually moved into the counties along Lake Michigan late in the afternoon and lasted into early Tuesday morning. Patchy freezing drizzle mixed in with the light snow early Tuesday, with light accumulations of around a hundredth of an inch being reported in multiple areas.

WIZ071-072 Kenosha - Racine 25 1800CST 26 0100CST 0 0 Lake-Effect Snow

A persistent band of lake-effect snow set up on the afternoon of December 25th and lingered into the early, pre-dawn morning hours of December 26th. While it fluctuated east and west during the event, locations from eastern Racine County through eastern and central Kenosha County saw nearly continuous snow...with snowfall rates reaching 2 to 3 inches per hour. Snow totals between 6 to 10 inches were recorded over eastern Racine and Kenosha counties...rapidly tapering off to an inch or less over western sections.

WIZ062-067-068 Green - Iowa - Lafayette 29 1900CST 31 1800CST 0 0 Dense Fog

WIZ046-051>052- Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green Lake - Jefferson - Kenosha - Marquette - Milwaukee - 056>060-063>066- Ozaukee - Racine - Rock - Sauk - Sheboygan - Walworth - Washington - Waukesha 069>072 30 0700CST 31 1800CST 0 0 10.0K Dense Fog

Deepening low pressure over the Plains moving northeast towards Minnesota brought a push of warm air over a deep snow pack across southern Wisconsin. The increasing moisture injected into the boundary layer from melting snow produced widespread dense fog over South Central and Southeast Wisconsin from the evening of December 30th into the afternoon of December 31st. Visibilities of 1/4 mile or less developed over southwest sections of Wisconsin the evening of December 29th, dissipated in spots for a time during the day on the 30th, then re-developed and spread to the northeast during the night of December 30th.

WISCONSIN, Southwest

WIZ032-041>042- Buffalo - Crawford - Grant - La Crosse - Monroe - Richland - Trempealeau - Vernon 053>055-061 03 1600CST 04 0915CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved across the Central Plains states in the early afternoon hours of December 3rd through the morning hours of December 4th. Light snow began in the late afternoon hours of December 3rd and increased in intensity during the evening hours. The snow produced a swath of six to ten inches of accumulation across portions of southwest Wisconsin. Volunteer cooperative observers reported snowfall amounts of 10.5 inches at Sinsinawa (Grant County), 9.5 inches near De Soto (Vernon County), 7.5 inches at Lynxville (Crawford County) and 6.8 inches at Galesville (Trempealeau County).

WIZ032>034 Buffalo - Jackson - Trempealeau 10 2300CST 12 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

224 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southwest WIZ017-029 Clark - Taylor 11 0030CST 12 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WIZ041>044-053> Adams - Crawford - Grant - Juneau - La Crosse - Monroe - Richland - Vernon 055-061 11 1308CST 12 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful low pressure system tracked across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region during the evening hours of December 10th into the morning hours of December 12th. An indirect fatality occurred near the town of Goodrich (Taylor County), when a man died from injuries sustained from plowing snow at his home. This storm brought heavy snow and blizzard conditions across portions of western and central Wisconsin. Volunteer cooperative observers measured snowfall amounts of 20.8 inches near Warrens (Monroe County), 20.5 inches at Medford (Taylor County), 20.2 inches near Holmen (La Crosse County), 19.9 inches at Friendship (Adams County) and 19.2 inches at Black River Falls (Jackson County). In addition to the heavy snow, sustained wind speeds of 25 to 30 miles per hour with gusts up to 50 miles per hour caused whiteout conditions, widespread road closures, stranded motorists and power outages.

WIZ029-034-043- Clark - Crawford - Grant - Jackson - Juneau - Richland - Vernon 053>055-061 20 1100CST 21 1500CST 0 0 0.3K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow started falling across western Wisconsin during the morning and afternoon of the 20th and continued into the late evening of the 20th and early morning of the 21st before ending. Once the snow ended, it was replaced by freezing drizzle which created a light coating of glaze on the fresh snow and exposed surfaces. Several minor accidents resulted from the icy conditions. Snowfall totals generally ranged from 2 to 5 inches with ice accumulations around an eighth of an inch. The highest reported snow totals were 5.9 inches near De Soto (Vernon County) and 5.5 inches at Sinsinawa (Grant County).

WIZ061 Grant 24 0015CST 25 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WIZ054 Crawford 24 0015CST 25 0100CST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow starting falling across western Wisconsin during the early morning of the 24th and continued through much of the 24th before ending early on the 25th. Most of the accumulating snow had ended by the early afternoon of the 24th. Snowfall accumulations generally ranged from 4 to 6 inches across the extreme western part of Wisconsin. The highest reported total was 6.9 inches northwest of Cuba City (Grant County). The snow created slippery conditions that led to a few car accidents.

WIZ041 La Crosse 29 1500CST 31 1830CST 0 0 280.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

WIZ054-055 Crawford - Richland 29 1600CST 31 1845CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

WIZ032-061 Buffalo - Grant - Trempealeau 29 1600CST 31 1930CST 0 0 52.5K 0.00K Winter Weather

WIZ053 Vernon 29 1630CST 31 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

225 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southwest WIZ034-042 Jackson - Monroe 29 1800CST 31 2130CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

WIZ029 Clark 29 2200CST 31 2130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

WIZ017 Taylor 29 2200CST 31 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

WIZ043-044 Adams - Juneau 30 0700CST 31 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Fog develop across western and central Wisconsin and reduced the visibility to less than mile for an extended period starting on the 29th and continuing through much of the 31st. During this period, an extended period of dense fog with visibilities of a quarter mile or less occurred. Some freezing drizzle also occurred during the evening of 31st, creating a glaze of ice on area roads that resulted in several accidents in and around La Crosse (La Crosse County). Ten people were transported to area hospitals, but none of the injuries were considered to be life-threatening. The weight of all the accumulated snow that fell during the month of December, caused the roof a building to collapse in West Salem (La Crosse County) on the 31st. The building was later declared a total loss and will be razed.

WISCONSIN, West

WIZ023-026 Pepin - Pierce - St. Croix 03 1400CST 04 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A fast moving storm system, that remained fairly modest in terms of moisture, created a small band of very heavy snowfall across portions of central and southern Minnesota, as well as a small portion of west central Wisconsin. The highest snowfall totals occurred across a small portion of southern Minnesota from near Hutchinson to near Red Wing, and then three adjacent counties in west central Wisconsin, with totals of 6 to 8 inches. Snowfall ratios averaged around 15-1.

WIZ014-023>028 Chippewa - Dunn - Eau Claire - Pepin - Pierce - Polk - St. Croix

10 2200CST 11 2300CST 1 0 1.2M 0.00K Winter Storm

WIZ015-016 Barron - Rusk 11 0000CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A storm system began to organize across the Upper Midwest Friday afternoon, and intensified late Friday night and into Saturday as it moved across northern Iowa. This storm system produced snowfall amounts in excess of one foot in many locations across east central Minnesota into west central Wisconsin. This storm produced a record 22 inches in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and several areas had their highest snowfall totals since the Halloween Blizzard of 1991. Structural damage also occurred with the heavy wet snow with several roofs collapsing as the storm produced between 8 to 22 inches of snowfall in a 24 hour period. One man died when the heavy snow caused a barn roof to collapse as he was working inside.

226 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Central and West

WYZ019 Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range 02 0110MST 0800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A favorable combination of strengthening winds aloft and a tightening pressure gradient produced high wind in central Wyoming. Wind gusts of 58 to 69 mph were recorded for six consecutive hours.

WYZ012 Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains 02 0900MST 03 1030MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Strong and moist westerly flow off the Pacific Ocean generated snowfall of around one foot across the Teton and northern Gros Ventre mountain ranges. A foot of snow accumulated in about 16 hours at a Jackson Hole Mountain Resort measuring station.

07 1115MST 0 1 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche A snowboarder triggered an avalanche south of the No Shadows couloir. The avalanche buried the snowboarder in 15 feet of debris and left only his fingers exposed above the slab. He was rescued and reported only minor injuries.

09 2100MST 10 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ024 Salt River & Wyoming Ranges 10 0300MST 1300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The mountains of far west Wyoming were hit hard by a combination of heavy snow and wind for a short period of time. Snowfall of 9 to 12 inches fell during a 10 to 14-hour period. The storm was also accompanied by measured wind speeds of 50 to around 80 mph. The peak wind at the summit of Jackson Hole Mountain Resort was 83 mph, while an isolated location above 10,000 feet in the Wyoming Range topped out at 106 mph.

WYZ012 Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains 14 1200MST 15 0400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Grand Targhee Resort on the west slope of the Teton Range received a foot of snow from a persistent moist, westerly flow. Locations at the extreme north end of the range also received about one foot of fresh snow.

WYZ015 Wind River Mountains East 14 1540MST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind A cattle truck was toppled by high wind near milepost 58 along State Highway 28 on the northeast side of South Pass.

WYZ020 Natrona County Lower Elevations 15 0330MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A cold front swept south through central Wyoming and provided favorable northerly upslope flow for heavy snow in Natrona County. The initial frontal surge created gusty wind of 15 to 30 mph. Snowfall of six to eight inches fell in an west-east oriented swath through the central section of the county and greatly impacted travel on U.S. Highway 20/26. The highest snow totals were observed in southwest Casper.

WYZ012>015-023> East Sweetwater County - Flaming Gorge - Jackson Hole - Rock Springs & Green River - Salt River & 030 Wyoming Ranges - South Lincoln County - Star Valley - Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains - Upper Green River Basin - Upper Green River Basin Foothills - Wind River Mountains East - Wind River Mountains West 18 0600MST 20 0100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong Pacific storm system developed and moved across the Great Basin bringing heavy snow to much of western and southern Wyoming. One to two feet of snow fell in the western mountains. Snowfall of six to twelve inches was common across the western valleys and Sweetwater County.

227 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Central and West WYZ012 Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains 19 1000MST 0 1 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche An avalanche in Granite Canyon left an out-of-bounds skier injured after carrying him 1,000 feet. He was not buried in the slide. The skier triggered the slab in the Double Dog Leg chute.

WYZ019 Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range 28 0910MST 29 1210MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A tight pressure gradient ahead of an approaching winter storm brought high wind to Natrona and southeast Fremont counties. A tractor-trailer was toppled in Casper by the high wind.

WYZ012-023>024 Jackson Hole - Salt River & Wyoming Ranges - Star Valley - Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains

29 0000MST 30 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A moist westerly flow brought heavy snow to western Wyoming. A cold front followed, moving south through the state. This cold front coupled with a strong surface low over Colorado brought moderate to heavy snow to southern and central Wyoming. Snow totals of 6 to 8 inches fell in the lower elevations with 10 to 14 inches common in the mountains.

WYZ020 Natrona County Lower Elevations 29 0351MST 0953MST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

A tight pressure gradient ahead of an approaching winter storm brought high wind to Natrona and southeast Fremont counties. A tractor-trailer was toppled in Casper by the high wind.

WYZ015-018-020- East Sweetwater County - Flaming Gorge - Lander Foothills - Natrona County Lower Elevations - Rock 028>030 Springs & Green River - Wind River Mountains East 29 0500MST 30 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ017-019 Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range - Wind River Basin 30 0000MST 31 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A moist westerly flow brought heavy snow to western Wyoming. A cold front followed, moving south through the state. This cold front coupled with a strong surface low over Colorado brought moderate to heavy snow to southern and central Wyoming. Snow totals of 6 to 8 inches fell in the lower elevations with 10 to 14 inches common in the mountains.

WYOMING, Extreme Southwest

WYZ021 Uinta 19 2030MST 20 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The same system that impacted much of Utah in the middle of December also brought snow to far southwest Wyoming.

WYOMING, Northeast

WYZ054-055 Northern Campbell - South Campbell 30 0000MST 31 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ071 Northeastern Crook 30 0200MST 31 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

228 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Northeast WYZ056>058 Western Crook - Weston - Wyoming Black Hills 30 0200MST 31 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful winter storm brought heavy snow and gusty winds to the region. The first part of the storm produced heavy snow, especially over northern Campbell County, on Dec 30. The main system moved across the Central Plains with additional snow and gusty winds, especially over the Wyoming Black Hills, on Dec 31. Blowing snow reduced visibilities to near a quarter of a mile while snowfall ranged from five to ten inches. Temperatures around zero and brisk winds produced wind chills around 25 below zero.

WYOMING, Southeast

WYZ106-110-117 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range Foothills 01 0000MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds occur along parts of Interstate 80 during November 30th and continued into December.

WYZ117 South Laramie Range Foothills 03 0945MST 1100MST 0 0 High Wind

Strong upper level winds in the upper levels of the atmosphere, combined with a strong pressure difference, lead to strong winds developing across the area.

WYZ110-116 North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range 08 0641MST 1907MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A tight pressure gradient produced strong winds for a few hours.

WYZ104-106-110- Central Laramie County - Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - Ferris/seminoe/shirley 113-117-118 Mountains - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range Foothills - Upper North Platte River Basin 10 0510MST 1511MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Very strong winds were expected to develop between low pressure to the east and strong high pressure to the west.

WYZ106-110-117 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range Foothills 12 0711MST 2245MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106-116-117 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - South Laramie Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 13 0030MST 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large difference in surface pressure developed across southeast Wyoming and combined with increasing winds in the mid level of the atmosphere to produce a period of strong winds.

WYZ106-116 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - South Laramie Range

14 0500MST 0820MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The pressure gradient tightened between a lee-side trough near the Wyoming and Nebraska border and a strong cold front approaching from the west. In addition, there was strong winds in the mid-levels of the atmosphere.

229 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast WYZ109-112-114 Central Carbon County - Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range 18 0500MST 20 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A Pacific storm system produced a prolong period of snow in the higher elevations of southeast Wyoming. A stationary frontal boundary stretching across the area was the focal point for the majority of the snow.

WYZ107>115-117 Central Carbon County - East Platte County - Goshen County - Laramie Valley - North Snowy Range Foothills - Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range - South Laramie Range Foothills - Southwest Carbon County - Upper North Platte River Basin 20 0700MST 22 0300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A cold front ungulated across portions of southeast Wyoming and was the focal point for significant snow.

WYZ117 South Laramie Range Foothills 20 0939MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A Pacific storm system produced a prolong period of snow in the higher elevations of southeast Wyoming. A stationary frontal boundary stretching across the area was the focal point for the majority of the snow.

WYZ102 Niobrara County 22 1800MST 23 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

A large area of freezing drizzle produced over a quarter on an inch of ice accumulation in Lusk.

WYZ106-110-116- Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie 117 Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 27 0146MST 0020MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds aloft combined with a strong surface pressure gradient produced gusty winds in southeast Wyoming.

28 0020MST 0536MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County 28 1225MST 1445MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ110 North Snowy Range Foothills 29 0336MST 0541MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A combination of strong winds in the upper atmosphere and a large pressure gradient at the surface produced very windy conditions for the area.

WYZ101-106>108- Central Laramie County - Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - Converse County 116>119 Lower Elevations - East Laramie County - East Platte County - Goshen County - Niobrara County - South Laramie Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 29 0600MST 31 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

WYZ103-105-109- Central Carbon County - North Laramie Range - Shirley Basin - Sierra Madre Range 112 29 0600MST 31 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

230 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast

A strong storm system moved off the Pacific Northwest coast and into the central Rockies and then moved northeast over the northern plains. This system produced heavy snow, strong winds and blizzard conditions across portions of southeast Wyoming and the western Nebraska panhandle.

WYZ109 Central Carbon County 29 0919MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A combination of strong winds in the upper atmosphere and a large pressure gradient at the surface produced very windy conditions for the area.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ530-532 Lake Ponchartrain and Lake Maurepas - Mississippi Sound 11 2207CST 2242CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A cold front triggered thunderstorms that produced wind gusts to around 40 mph over marine areas.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ075 Key West to Dry Tortugas Waters 18 0921EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

GMZ053 Craig Key to the West End of the 7 Mile Bridge out 20nm 18 1115EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout A line of strong thunderstorms moved rapidly through Dry Tortugas and the Gulf of Mexico Waters west of Key West. Discrete thunderstorm cells developed south of Marathon and moved northeast, resulting in a few waterspout sightings and wind damage on Grassy Key.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ472 Intracoastal City LA to Cameron LA 20 to 60nm 29 1706CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

GMZ452 Intracoastal City LA to Cameron LA out 20nm 29 1955CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A strong storm system moving across the region brought numerous showers and thunderstorms to the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Reports of strong winds and a waterspout were received.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ370 South Santee River SC to Savannah GA 20 to 40nm 01 0150EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A strong cold front moved through the Atlantic Coastal Waters resulting in a few strong thunderstorms.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ250-252 Cape Fear to Little River Inlet NC out 20nm - Surf City to Cape Fear NC out 20nm

01 0332EST 0355EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A strong cold front with moderate instability crossed the region and pushed offshore, producing thunderstorms with gusty winds.

231 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ATLANTIC, North

ANZ630>632-652- Cape Charles Light VA to NC-VA border out 20nm - Chesapeake Bay New Point Comfort to Cape Henry 656-658 VA - Chesapeake Bay Smith Point to Windmill Point VA - Chesapeake Bay Windmill Point to New Point Comfort VA - Chincoteague to Parramore Island VA out 20nm - NC-VA border to Currituck Beach Light out 20nm

01 0730EST 1039EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Scattered thunderstorms in advance of a cold front produced gusty winds across portions of the Chesapeake Bay and Virginia Coastal Waters.

ATLANTIC, North

ANZ335-345-350 Long Island Sound West of New Haven CT to Port Jefferson NY - Montauk Point to Moriches Inlet NY out 20nm - South Shore Bays from Jones Inlet through Shinnecock Bay 01 1415EST 1609EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind

An approaching cold front triggered isolated strong thunderstorms, which impacted portions of the waters around Long Island.

AMERICAN SAMOA, Tutuila County 13 WNW Vaitogi 18 1100SST 82 E Pago Pago 1600SST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Heavy rainfall caused runoff and overflow of small streams on Tutuila, Aunuu and Manu'a, especially near poor drainage areas. The Weather Service Office received nearly 3 inches of rainfall during this episode.

Tutuila County 10 WNW Vaitogi 30 1200SST 1400SST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A spotter from Leone village on the southwest side of Tutuila Island reported a waterspout near the Leone waters.

A nearly stationary waterspout was observed about 15 miles southwest of Tutuila. No injury or fatality reported.

PUERTO RICO Arecibo 7 NW Arecibo 07 2105AST 08 0015AST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Urban flooding was reported in Palo Alto sector and the flooding of a house in Barrio Islote at Urb. Costas del Atlantico in Arecibo. Vega Alta 1 NNW Vega Alta 08 0050AST 0600AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding was reported at the end of road 690 in the Cerro Gordo sector of the municipality of Vega Alta.

Fajardo Fajardo 08 0315AST 0430AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Road 53 was reported flooded in the municipality of Fajardo.

The combination of high moisture content and a subtropical jet maxima which was located north of Puerto Rico, favored the development of deep convection across the northeast and north central sections of Puerto Rico.

232 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2010 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PUERTO RICO Manati 3 NNW Manati 14 2352AST 15 0245AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Flooding was reported at Laguna los Rabanos sector in the municipality of Manati.

Dorad Dorado 14 2353AST 15 0245AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Highway 22, at exit 22 to San Juan was reported flooded in the municipality of Dorado.

Dorad Dorado 15 0015AST 0315AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Urban flooding was reported at Arenares road 19 in the municipality of Dorado.

Toa Baja 3 SW Toa Baja 15 0140AST 0430AST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Houses were reported flooded at Urb Estancias de la Fuente, Princess street, in the municipality of Toa Baja.

San Juan San Juan 15 0514AST 0830AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Urban flooding was reported at Urb Villa Olimpica in Rio Piedras sector in the municipality of San Juan.

San Juan 5 N San Juan 15 2133AST 2245AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Urban flooding was reported along Condado Avenue in the municipality of San Juan.

San Juan 5 NNW San Juan 15 2217AST 16 0000AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Urban flooding was reported at Miramar sector, in the municipality of San Juan.

Light northerly winds converging with the land breeze along the northern coast of Puerto Rico, brought an area of moderate to locally heavy rainfall across much of the north coastal municipalities.

Vega Baja 4 SE Vega Baja 27 2103AST 28 2345AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Cibuco river was out of its banks and flooding some portions of road 620 and 647 in the Fatima sector of the municipality of Vega Baja. Vega Baja 2 SSE Vega Baja 28 1255AST 2345AST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Rio Indio, a tributary of the Cibuco river was reported out of its banks and flooding roads 160 and street 4 at sector Arenales.

A shear line with its associated trough moved across Puerto Rico, producing scattered to numerous showers across most of the northern half of the island.

233 Reference Notes:

Storm Data Disclosure

Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event.

Some of the information appearing in Storm Data may have been provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies, private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information, but because of time and resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information. Further, when it is apparent information appearing in Storm Data originated from a source outside the National Weather Service (frequently credit is provided), Storm Data customers requiring additional information should contact that source directly. In most cases, NWS employees will not have the knowledge to respond to such requests. In cases of legal proceedings, under Department of Commerce regulations and/or rules of the court, NWS employees are not legally obligated to provide written or verbal testimony.

Fatality Codes: For events that include a fatality, there is a code containing the gender, age and fatality location at the end of the event narrative. 1st -letter: Gender (M/F) / 2nd -numbers: Age / 3rd -letters: Fatality location (see table below) Example: M51IW – Male, 51 years of age, fatality occurred In Water.

Fatality Location Abbreviations:

BF Ball Field MH Mobile Home BO Boating OT Other BU Business OU Outside/Open Areas CA Camping PH Permanent Home EQ Heavy Equipment/Construction SC School GF Golfing TE Telephone IW In Water UT Under Tree LS Long Span Roof VE Vehicle

List of Acronyms:

NWS - National Weather Service NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WCM - Warning Coordination Meteorologist – The meteorologist at each NWS Office responsible for …………………reporting severe weather events LST - Local Standard Time Storm Data attempts to always use “Standard Time” AST - Atlantic Standard Time EST/EDT - Eastern Standard Time / Eastern Daylight Time CST/CDT - Central Standard Time / Central Daylight Time MST/MDT - Mountain Standard Time / Mountain Daylight Time …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………….._234…………………………………………………

PST/PDT - Pacific Standard Time / Pacific Daylight Time AKS - Alaska Standard Time HST - Hawaii Standard Time

Other Notes:

An “Episode” is an entire storm system and can contain many different types of events.

An “Event” is an individual type of storm event.

When listing wind speed values under “Character of Storm”, i.e. High Wind (G81): The G indicates a “Gust” which is a peak 5-second averaged wind speed in Knots (kts). 1 kt. = 1.152 mph. This number can be either E (estimated) by damage caused, or M (measured) by known calibrated anemometers. Examples: (M61) = measured 61 knots; (E75) = estimated at 75 knots.

All wind speeds listed are estimated by NWS personnel by the amount and type of damage unless otherwise noted with an “M” which represents an actual wind speed as measured by official NWS approved anemometer.

When listing hail size under “Character of Storm”, ex. Hail (2.25), the hail size is given in inches and hundredths of inches.

When listing property and crop damage, the figures indicated are the best guess made by the NWS from the available sources of information at the time of the printing.

The fatalities, injuries, and damage amounts appearing in tropical cyclone events are attributed only to wind damage experienced in the coastal counties/parishes listed. Other tropical cyclone related events such as tornadoes and flooding are listed within their separate event types.

235

The Saffir-Simpson Scale

Category One Hurricane:

Winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kts or 119-153 kph). Storm surge generally 4-5 ft above normal. No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.

Category Two Hurricane:

Winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kts or 154-177 kph). Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage of buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings.

Category Three Hurricane:

Winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kts or 178-209 kph). Storm surge generally 9-12 ft above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering of floating debris. Terrain continuously lower than 5 ft above mean sea level may be flooded inland 8 miles (13 km) or more. Evacuation of low-lying residences with several blocks of the shoreline may be required.

Category Four Hurricane:

Winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kts or 210-249 kph). Storm surge generally 13-18 ft above normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than 10 ft above sea level may be flooded requiring massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as 6 miles (10 km).

Category Five Hurricane:

Winds greater than 155 mph (135 kts or 249 kph). Storm surge generally greater than 18 ft above normal. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 ft above sea level and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles (8-16 km) of the shoreline may be required.

236

The Enhanced Fujita Scale EF-Scale Intensity Wind Speed Typical Damage (Suggested) (mph) EF0 Gale Tornado 40 - 72 Tree branches broken, chimneys damaged, shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged or destroyed, outbuildings and sheds destroyed.

EF1 Moderate 73 - 112 Roof surfaces peeled off, mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned, moving autos pushed off the roads, garages may be destroyed.

EF2 Significant 113 - 157 Roofs blown off frame houses; mobile homes demolished and/or destroyed, train boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; airborne debris can cause damage.

EF3 Severe 158 - 206 Roofs and walls torn off well constructed houses; trains overturned; large trees uprooted, can knock down entire forest of trees.

EF4 Devastating 207 - 260 Well-constructed frame houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off some distance; automobiles thrown, large airborne objects can cause significant damage.

EF5 Incredible 261 - 318 Brick, stone and cinder-block buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. EF6 Inconceivable 319 - 379 Brick, stone and cinderblock buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged.

Typical EF0 Tornado Damage Typical EF1 Tornado Damage Note the trees are stripped of leaves, but the Note the uprooted trees and missing shingles trees remain standing. Only light roof from the roof. There is significant roof damage and a few missing shingles. damage. Typical EF2 Tornado Damage Typical EF3 Tornado Damage This home is missing it’s entire roof but the This home is missing the entire roof as well as exterior walls remain intact. Some of the some of the exterior walls. Trees are blown stronger hardwood trees remain standing. over or snapped near the base and outbuildings are destroyed.

Typical EF4 Tornado Damage This home is almost completely obliterated, with no walls standing. The debris from the home is where the house once stood.

Typical EF5 Tornado Damage These homes have been completely removed from their original locations. The debris field has been scattered some distance from their foundation.

Typical EF5 Tornado Damage (All photographs courtesy of Brian Smith, Meteorologist, The asphalt surface has been peeled off of National Weather Service, Valley NE.) this road.

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