Christmas Island & Cocos Keeling Islands 2020-2021
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
Threats to the Critically Endangered Christmas
Tirtaningtyas & Hennicke: Threats to the criticallyContributed endangered Papers Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi 137 THREATS TO THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED CHRISTMAS ISLAND FRIGATEBIRD FREGATA ANDREWSI IN JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RECONSIDERING CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FRANSISCA N. TIRTANINGTYAS1 & JANOS C. HENNICKE2,3 1Burung Laut Indonesia, Depok, East Java, 16421, Indonesia ([email protected]) 2Dept. of Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 3CEBC-CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France Received 4 November 2014, accepted 26 February 2015 SUMMARY Tirtaningtyas, F.N. & HENNICKE, J.C. 2015. Threats to the critically endangered Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, and implications for reconsidering conservation priorities. Marine Ornithology 43: 137–140. The Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi is one of the most endangered seabirds in the world. The reasons for its population decline are unknown, but recommended protection measures and management actions focus on the species’ breeding site. Threats to the species away from Christmas Island have received little consideration. Here, we report on several previously undescribed anthropogenic threats to Christmas Island Frigatebirds based on observations in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia: accidental entanglement in fishing gear, as well as capture, poisoning and shooting. Based on these findings, we suggest that it is imperative to reconsider the present management strategies and conservation priorities for the species and to urgently include protection measures away from Christmas Island. Keywords: Christmas Island Frigatebird, Fregata andrewsi, conservation, mortality, anthropogenic threats, Jakarta Bay, Southeast Asia INTRODUCTION Christmas Island Frigatebirds are exposed to threats in Southeast Asian waters, namely in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, that might contribute The Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi is one of the to the unexplained population decline of the species. -
Endemic Species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean D.J
RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 34 055–114 (2019) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.34(2).2019.055-114 Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean D.J. James1, P.T. Green2, W.F. Humphreys3,4 and J.C.Z. Woinarski5 1 73 Pozieres Ave, Milperra, New South Wales 2214, Australia. 2 Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia. 3 Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia. 4 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. 5 NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia, Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Many oceanic islands have high levels of endemism, but also high rates of extinction, such that island species constitute a markedly disproportionate share of the world’s extinctions. One important foundation for the conservation of biodiversity on islands is an inventory of endemic species. In the absence of a comprehensive inventory, conservation effort often defaults to a focus on the better-known and more conspicuous species (typically mammals and birds). Although this component of island biota often needs such conservation attention, such focus may mean that less conspicuous endemic species (especially invertebrates) are neglected and suffer high rates of loss. In this paper, we review the available literature and online resources to compile a list of endemic species that is as comprehensive as possible for the 137 km2 oceanic Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean. -
Introduction 3
1 ,QWURGXFWLRQ The inquiry process 1.1 On 8 November 2000 the Senate referred matters relating to the tender process for the sale of the Christmas Island Casino and Resort to the Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories, for inquiry and report by 5 April 2001. The reporting date was subsequently extended to 27 September 2001. The full terms of reference are set out at the beginning of this report. 1.2 The inquiry was advertised in the Territories’ Tattler on 1 December 2000 and nationally in The Australian on 6 December 2000. The Committee also wrote to relevant Commonwealth Departments and to a number of organisations, inviting submissions. 1.3 The Committee received fifteen submissions, which are listed at Appendix A, and eleven exhibits, listed at Appendix B. Submissions are available from the Committee’s web site at: www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet 1.4 The Committee held public hearings in Canberra in February and June 2001, and in Perth and Christmas Island in April 2001. Details are listed at Appendix C. Structure of the report 1.5 This report is divided into six chapters. Chapter One provides a background to the inquiry and details on the social, political and economic framework of the Island; 2 RISKY BUSINESS Chapter Two details the history and operation of the Christmas Island Casino and Resort, from its opening in 1993 to its closure in 1998; Chapter Three details the tender and sale process of the casino and resort; Chapter Four examines the conduct of the tender process; Chapter Five examines the outcome of the sale of the casino and resort; and Chapter Six details a number of broader community concerns which formed the context of the inquiry. -
Automatic Exchange of Information (AEI) List of Counterparty Jurisdictions for Your Accounts Booked in British Virgin Islands
ab Automatic Exchange of Information (AEI) List of Counterparty Jurisdictions for your accounts booked in British Virgin Islands Disclaimer UBS AG and its affiliated entities (UBS) does not provide legal or tax advice and this summary does not constitute such advice. UBS strongly recommends all persons considering the information described in this summary obtain appropriate independent legal, tax and other professional advice. This summary is for your information only and is not intended as an offer, or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any product or other specific services. Although all pieces of information and views expressed in this summary were obtained from sources believed to be reliable and in good faith, neither representation nor warranty, express or implied is made as to its accuracy or completeness. The general explanations included in this summary cannot address your personal situation and financial needs. All information is subject to change without notice. This summary may not be reproduced or copies circulated without prior authority of UBS. The status of a jurisdiction can change at any time. Whilst UBS will use all reasonable endeavors to update this list, there may be changes which become effective before a revised list is published. Information to be reported will depend on the status of the client's jurisdiction(s) of tax residence at the cut-off date for reporting and such status may differ from the status displayed on this list. Information contained in the below table does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any territory or of its authorities. -
Review of Tourism – the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island Indian Ocean Territories Regional Development Organisation – Tourism Review July 2020 Contents
Review of Tourism – The Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island Indian Ocean Territories Regional Development Organisation – Tourism Review July 2020 Contents Executive Summary 3 Background 5 Critical Assessment 7 Review Findings 25 Deloitte Indian Ocean Territories Tourism Review 2 Executive Summary Tourism Review of the Indian Ocean Territories Context The Indian Ocean Territories (IOTs) are Australia’s most isolated population. In close proximity The Review Phase of this project included an analysis of tourism literature and current and to South-East Asia and with remarkably diverse landscapes, tourism in the IOTs has the forecast global trends to capture best practice methods to incorporate in the IOTs. This included potential to significantly grow the regional economy, providing sustainable business and reviewing Australian and international jurisdictions to understand how destinations have invested employment opportunities. in tourism to drive economies. Tourism on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands has traditionally been driven by kite surfing during the Deloitte completed a comprehensive consultation process that included seven workshops across trade wind season when accommodation is frequently at capacity. With abundant natural the IOTs, one-on-one meetings with stakeholders on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, one-on-one beauty on land and underwater, a unique cultural identity and scheduled airport runway meetings with stakeholders on Christmas Island, one-on-one meetings with stakeholders in Perth, upgrade, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are well placed to create a thriving tourism industry. phone interviews and follow-up submissions. The purpose of the Consultation Phase was to understand strengths, weaknesses, barriers to growth and opportunities that can drive tourism in The Christmas Island economy has been dependent on phosphate mining and Government the IOTs and to ensure the future direction of tourism in the IOTs is driven by tourism employed at the Detention Centre. -
Thesis Final
The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2019 Christmas Island: A question of self-determination Kelvin Matthews Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chapter 2: Historical Background From the beginning of the European settlement of Australia the various Australian colonies began as part of the British colonial empire. While Australia attained Federation as a Commonwealth in 1901, Christmas Island remained as a British administered colony since settlement in the late nineteenth century until 1958 when ‘sovereignty’ of the Territory of Christmas Island was transferred to Australia without any consultative process with the community by either the British or Australian governments at the time. The history of Christmas Island therefore tells three key stories: the first is the economic and social dominance of phosphate mining since the late nineteenth century, which continues to the present day; the second is the relative recent arrival of ‘Australia’ or ‘mainland conditions’ to the Island despite the formal annexure in 1958; and the third is the unique community that has been created, as evidenced by the remarkable cultural and social composition of the community and unusual administrative and institutional arrangements. -
Appendix Table 6-32 Regions and Countries/Economies in World Trade Data
Appendix table 6-32 Regions and countries/economies in world trade data North America Europe Middle East Africa Asia Canada EU Israel All others (continued) All others (continued) Mexico Austria Saudi Arabia Mali Kazakhstan United States Belgium Turkey Mauritania Kyrgyzstan Central and South America Czech Republic United Arab Emirates Mauritius Laos Argentina Denmark All others Mayotte Maldives Brazil Denmark Bahrain Mozambique Mongolia Central America Faroe Islands Gaza Strip Niger Nepal Belize Finland Iran Nigeria North Korea Costa Rica France Iraq Reunion Pakistan El Salvador Germany Jordan Rwanda Papua New Guinea Guatemala Hungary Lebanon Saint Helena, Ascension, and Sri Lanka Honduras Ireland Kuwait Tristan da Cunha Tajikistan Nicaragua Italy Oman São Tomé and Príncipe Turkmenistan Panama Italy Qatar Senegal Uzbekistan Chile San Marino Syria Seychelles Australia/Oceania Colombia Vatican City Yemen Sierra Leone Australia Peru Netherlands Africa Somalia Australia Venezuela Poland Egypt Sudan Christmas Island All others Slovakia Kenya Swaziland Cocos (Keeling) Islands Anguilla Spain Morocco Tanzania Heard Island and McDonald Islands Antigua and Barbuda Sweden Southern Africa Togo Norfolk Island Aruba United Kingdom Botswana Uganda New Zealand Bahamas, The All others Lesotho Western Sahara Cook Islands Barbados Bulgaria Namibia Zambia New Zealand Bermuda Cyprus South Africa Zimbabwe Niue Bonaire Estonia Tunisia Asia Tokelau Bolivia Greece All others China Pacific Islands Cayman Islands Latvia Algeria China American Samoa Cuba Lithuania -
Country Codes for International ACH and IAT Payments
Country Codes for International ACH and IAT Payments (Used for PAM SPR Field #34 ‐ CountryCodeText and SPS 440 File Format Field #11 ‐ Country Code Text ) Code Country or Area Name Code Country or Area Name AF Afghanistan IO British Indian Ocean Territory AX Aland Islands BN Brunei Darussalam AL Albania BG Bulgaria DZ Algeria BF Burkina Faso AS American Samoa* BI Burundi AD Andorra KH Cambodia AO Angola CM Cameroon AI Anguilla CA Canada AQ Antarctica CV Cape Verde AG Antigua and Barbuda KY Cayman Islands AR Argentina CF Central African Republic AM Armenia TD Chad AW Aruba CL Chile AU Australia CN China AT Austria HK Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China AZ Azerbaijan MO Macao, Special Administrative Region of China BS Bahamas CX Christmas Island BH Bahrain CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands BD Bangladesh CO Colombia BB Barbados KM Comoros BY Belarus CG Congo (Brazzaville) BE Belgium CD Congo, Democratic Republic of the BZ Belize CK Cook Islands BJ Benin CR Costa Rica BM Bermuda CI Côte d'Ivoire BT Bhutan HR Croatia BO Bolivia CU Cuba BQ Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba CW Curacao / Curacao BA Bosnia and Herzegovina CY Cyprus BW Botswana CZ Czech Republic BV Bouvet Island DK Denmark BR Brazil DJ Djibouti VG British Virgin Islands DM Dominica 1 of 4 *U.S territories, APO and FPO are not considered IAT countries and are not subject to IAT formatting. Country Codes for International ACH and IAT Payments (Used for PAM SPR Field #34 ‐ CountryCodeText and SPS 440 File Format Field #11 ‐ Country Code Text ) Code Country or Area Name Code Country -
Strategic Potential of the Cocos Islands and Christmas Island
AIRPOWER. Strategic potential of the Cocos Islands and Christmas Island Dr Carlo Kopp The ongoing drift in the global balance of economic and military power toward Asia has brought important policy changes in the United States, with the recent Defense Strategic Guidance document putting the Asia-Pacific region and the associated air-sea battle strategy concept at the top of the long term strategic agenda for Australia’s closest ally. The concurrent Australian Defence Force Posture Review (ADFPR) interim report was released in January, 2012, and the final report is expected this March. The Indian Ocean is now the principal sea route for Cocos (Keeling) Islands is recommended, to support much of Asia’s maritime traffic, carrying energy P-8 Poseidon maritime aircraft, thus exploiting only products from the Middle East and raw materials a small fraction of the actual strategic potential of from Africa into Asia, along with much of Asia’s either location. industrial output to the world. ‘Real estate’ to base Discovered in 1609, the Cocos Islands were initially naval and air assets along the Indian Ocean is at a privately owned asset, granted to the Clunies- a premium, to the extent that China has made Ross family in perpetuity by Britain in 1886, extensive port construction investments in Pakistan with jurisdiction transferred to Australia in 1955, and Burma (Myanmar), and airfield investments and the Clunies-Ross family losing control of in the latter. In the context of this global and the islands by the late 1970s. The economy, regional strategic game of position, Australia’s since initial colonisation, has been based on palm two Indian Ocean offshore territories, the Cocos tree plantations, but more recently eco-tourism, (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island, are both especially for divers. -
Dark-Sided Flycatcher Muscicapa Sibirica in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1 AUSTRALIAN FIELD ORNITHOLOGY 2011, 28, 1–12 Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands NEVILLE B. PAMMENT and MARJORIE E. PEGLER P.O. Box 336, Daylesford, Victoria 3460 (Email: [email protected]) Summary A Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica was observed and photographed on Home Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, on 6–7 November 2008. Its identification was based on its compact shape, its very dark, diffusely streaked breast and flanks, its wing-length and primary projection, its short bill with concave sides, prominent white half-collar, asymmetrical eye- ring and other features. The field marks which distinguish this species from similar-looking Muscicapa flycatchers are discussed. This is the first record of this species for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and the second (and first photographic) record for Australian territory (Birds Australia Rarities Committee Case no. 593). Introduction Home Island (12°07′S, 96°54′E, area 0.95 km2) is part of the Australian External Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands and the home of the Cocos Malay population. Apart from housing and domestic gardens, the island is largely covered with introduced Coconut Palms Cocos nucifera, the native vegetation having been almost entirely removed in the nineteenth century (Bunce 1988). A striking feature of all of the islands of the Cocos (Keeling) Group is the near-complete absence of passerines, the only current breeding species being the introduced Christmas Island White-eye Zosterops natalis, which occurs only on Horsburgh Island and the remote North Keeling Island. Other than the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica, which is a regular non-breeding visitor (Higgins et al. -
Ocean House Anchor (Cocos Keeling Islands) Inspection Report
Ocean House Anchor (Cocos Keeling Islands) Inspection Report M. McCarthy Report—Department of Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Museum, No. 198 2005 The Oceania House Anchor An historic relic: pointer to a recently-located shipwreck in the Cocos Islands In December 2004, a portion of an early ship’s anchor was seen adjacent the old boat ramp on the beachfront at Oceania House on Home Island in the Cocos (Keeling) Island group. The iron shank and the stock (which from the design was clearly a wooden one) were missing, indicating that they had been either lost in a mooring accident, in the salvage of this relic or in a wrecking process. Either way, the anchor appears to have been recovered from the sea in recent years. The anchor with outbuildings of Oceania House in the background (R. Thorn, Parks Australia) 2 Satellite Photograph of Cocus keeling Island 3 Aerial Photograph of Home Island, South Keeling showing anchor site 4 Date and size range for a parent vessel From experience and from a reading of number of treatises on the ship’s anchor (e. g. Cotsell, 1856; Curryer, 1999), it is evident from the heavily-concreted state of this anchor, from its size and its shape that the vessel from which this anchor came is from the late 18th to mid 19th Century and in the 300 tons plus range. Further the configuration of the anchor does not fit that expected to have been recovered from any of the located (and heavily salvaged) sites in the Cocos(Keeling) islands. These Phaeton (1889), the Direction Island Unidentified and the Port Refuge Unidentified, are subject of reports in this series.