Squak Mountain Nursery Cardoon

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Cardoon Cynara cardunculus Height: 6 feet Spread: 4 feet Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 7 Other Names: Artichoke Thistle Cardoon Description: Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Splendid arching silvery, spiny foliage is an architectural delight in the garden; careful when handling the spiny foliage; bold thistle-like flowers can be eaten like artichokes when unopened; leaf stalks edible if blanched; invasive in some regions Ornamental Features Cardoon features showy purple pincushion flowers rising above the foliage from late spring to early summer. Its attractive spiny ferny leaves remain grayish green in color throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Cardoon is an herbaceous perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its relatively fine texture sets it apart from other garden plants with less refined foliage. This is a high maintenance plant that will require regular Cardoon flowers care and upkeep, and should be cut back in late fall in Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder preparation for winter. It is a good choice for attracting bees and butterflies to your yard. Gardeners should be aware of the following characteristic(s) that may warrant special consideration; - Spiny - Self-Seeding Cardoon is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Accent - Border Edging - General Garden Use - Herb Gardens Planting & Growing Cardoon will grow to be about 5 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 4 feet. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 10 years. This plant should only be grown in full sunlight. It does best in average to evenly moist conditions, but will not tolerate standing water. It is not particular as to soil type or pH. It is highly tolerant of urban pollution and will even thrive in inner city environments, and will benefit from Cardoon foliage being planted in a relatively sheltered location. This Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder species is not originally from North America..

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Cardoon, Cynara Cardunculus There Are Many Plants That Are Used As Annuals in Northern Climates, Either for Their fl Owers Or Foliage
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 27 June 2014 Cardoon, Cynara cardunculus There are many plants that are used as annuals in northern climates, either for their fl owers or foliage. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), a close relative of artichoke (Cynara scolymus, although some taxonomists have considered them just varieties of the species cardunculus and they will form hybrids), is a great addition to the garden for making a dramatic statement with its large, spiny, silvery foliage and sometimes for the globe- like, violet-topped fl owers. This sculptural plant received the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. It could be considered an ornamental edible as the blanched stems can be eaten, although doing so would ruin the appearance of the plant. Cardoon, with an artichoke-like fl avor, was popular in ancient Greek, The spiny, silvery foliage of cardoon Roman, and Persian makes a dramatic statement in the garden. cuisine, and through the medieval and early modern periods in Europe, as well as in colonial America. Cardoon is still cultivated for food in southern Europe and northwestern Africa. This fast-growing herbaceous perennial in the aster family (Asteraceae) is native to the western and central Mediterranean where it was domesticated in ancient times. It is hardy only in zones 7-10, so is treated as an annual in colder climates. In some mild climates, including Argentina, Chile, Australia and California, it has become naturalized and is considered Cardoon has received the Royal Horticultural a weed. Society’s Award of Garden Merit. The fi rst year the plant produces an enormous single urn-shaped rosette.
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Cardoon—Cynara Cardunculus L.1 James M
HS574 Cardoon—Cynara cardunculus L.1 James M. Stephens2 Cardoon is similar to the globe artichoke. With cardoon the young tender leaves and undeveloped tender flower stalks are eaten rather than the flower bud. The thistle-like cardoon plant grows to a height of 3–5 feet and spreads over an area 6 feet in diameter. Culture Florida summers are rather warm for cardoon to grow properly; therefore, it should be started in the fall or winter so that it develops in the cooler months. Freezing temperatures below 28°F may kill the aboveground parts of tender nonacclimatized cardoon. It has withstood 18°F at Gainesville. Figure 1. Cardoon plant Credits: James M. Stephens Propagation is by seeds, suckers, or root division. In addition to a proper climate, cardoon requires a rich soil or abundant fertilizer and plenty of water. Blanching of the stalks before harvest is desired. This is accomplished by tying up the outer branches a foot or so from the top of the plant and piling soil up around the plant as it grows. Use There are several uses for cardoon. The most popular way to prepare it is to cook the leaves and tender stalks together. Cardoon may also be eaten fresh and uncooked in salads. Some say it has gentle laxative properties. 1. This document is HS574, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 1994. Revised September 2015. Reviewed October 2018. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. James M. Stephens, professor emeritus, Horticultural Sciences Department,; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
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D3.2 PANACEA Roadmap
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Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cultivated Artichoke, Madeira Cardoon and Artichoke‐Based Dietary Supplements
Food Research International 48 (2012) 712–724 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Research International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodres Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of cultivated artichoke, Madeira cardoon and artichoke‐based dietary supplements Sandra C. Gouveia, Paula C. Castilho ⁎ Centro de Química da Madeira, CCCEE, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, piso 0, 9000‐390 Funchal, Portugal article info abstract Article history: Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (artichoke) and Cynara cardunculus var. ferocissima (Madeira cardoon) are two Received 24 January 2012 Asteraceae plants used in Madeira Archipelago in diet and also for medicinal issues. The present work aimed to Accepted 23 May 2012 compare the phenolic composition and quantify the main compounds of these two plants and two artichoke- based dietary supplements (juice and dragées). The methanolic extract of the endemic plant cardoon was basi- Keywords: cally composed of caffeoylquinic acid isomers. The same compounds were observed in artichoke extract, where Cynara there was a larger number and variety of other phenolic compounds. Variations in qualitative and quantitative Antioxidant Hydroxycinnamates composition of the three artichoke based products were extensive, with only 3 components being common to Flavonoids all 3 products. Mono-O-diglycosilated flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin and quercetin) were found in the artichoke Phenolic composition products but not in Madeira cardoon. 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (cynarin), usually considered mainly responsi- HPLC–DAD–ESI/MSn ble for the biological properties of artichoke, was found in high amounts ranging in most samples but was not detected in the analyzed commercial dragées. The antioxidant assays results reflected the highly diversified com- position of the artichoke-based products, showing a high radical scavenger and reducing capacities, while the ex- tract from Madeira cardoon was a poor antioxidant.
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Globe Artichoke and Cardoon Could Manage Weeds in Sustainable, Eco-Friendly Way
Globe artichoke and cardoon could manage weeds in sustainable, eco-friendly way Crop rotation is gaining increasing research- and policy attention as an environmentally friendly way to manage weeds. In such rotations, crops are introduced that release chemicals into the environment known to inhibit weed 30 January 2020 germination or growth (so-called allelopathic crops). Previous studies have Issue 537 identified Cynara cardunculus L., a perennial thistle, including varieties of globe Subscribe to free artichoke and cardoon, as a potential allelopathic candidate. This study conducted weekly News Alert field experiments using three botanical varieties of C. cardunculus to evaluate their effect on weeds within an ecosystem. The results confirm that C. cardunculus has Source: Scavo, A., an allelopathic effect in monoculture, reducing the amount of weed seeds present Restuccia, A., Abbate, C. in soil. This paves the way for its inclusion in crop rotation as part of eco-friendly, And Mauromicale, G. sustainable weed-management strategies. (2019). Seeming field allelopathic activity of Weeds are one of the most significant pests in agroecosystems; they are Cynara cardunculus L. responsible for considerable economic losses and contribute to food insecurity. reduces the soil weed seed However, synthetic herbicides can result in harmful associated environmental impacts and bank. Agronomy for rising levels of resistance. Efforts to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides and replace them Sustainable Development, with more environmentally friendly, sustainable weed-management practices are central to 39, 41. much contemporary environmental and agricultural policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1 3593-019-0580-4. In this context, allelopathic weed control has emerged as a particularly promising alternative.
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Artichoke Thistle Digging by of 12–18 Inches Only up Root.The the Taproot’S Difficult, Removal Make May Brittleness So Is Best
ARTICHOKE THISTLE Also known as cardoon, wild artichoke Cynara cardunculus Sunflower Family (Asteraceae) DESCRIPTION Artichoke thistle is a perennial herb com- monly found in disturbed grasslands where it can form dense stands.It also invades chaparral and riparian woodland habitats. Growing up to 5 feet tall, its erect stems are PERENNIALS & BIENNIALS thick, coated with downy hairs, and ribbed like celery.The leaves are silvery or grayish-green on the upper surface, and whitish beneath due to the presence of white hairs. The leaf margins have one-eighth to one-quarter inch spines.The leaves form a basal rosette. KEY FACTORS REPRODUCTION u The spines necessitate wearing heavy leather Artichoke thistle reproduces primarily by seed gloves,long sleeves,and even protective cloth- but can also resprout from the roots if cut back. ing such as chainsaw chaps when removing One or more flower heads bloom at the tip of this plant. stems from April to July and are pollinated by u Abundant seed production. bees. Occasionally flowering occurs in the first year, but more often in the second. One plant u Seed longevity reported to be at least 5 years. can produce up to 15 or so flower heads (or car- u Prolonged germination period (from first doons) with pinkish-purple or blue flowers. A rains to as late as July). single flower can produce hundreds of seeds. u Resprouts vigorously from deep taproot (up The seeds are brown to black,roughly a quarter- to 8 feet deep). inch long, and have feathery bristles at the tip. Being too large and heavy to travel far by wind, TREATMENT OPTIONS the seeds generally drop near the parent plant.
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Changes in Phenolics and Fatty Acids Composition and Related Gene Expression During the Development from Seed to Leaves of Three Cultivated Cardoon Genotypes
antioxidants Article Changes in Phenolics and Fatty Acids Composition and Related Gene Expression during the Development from Seed to Leaves of Three Cultivated Cardoon Genotypes 1, , 2, 2 3 Giulia Graziani * y , Teresa Docimo y , Monica De Palma , Francesca Sparvoli , Luana Izzo 1, Marina Tucci 2,* and Alberto Ritieni 1,4 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (L.I.); [email protected] (A.R.) 2 Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; [email protected] (T.D.); [email protected] (M.D.P.) 3 Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 4 Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, 80131 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (M.T.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 19 October 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 8 November 2020 Abstract: Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) has long been used as a food and medicine remedy and nowadays is considered a functional food. Its leaf bioactive compounds are mostly represented by chlorogenic acids and coumaroyl derivatives, known for their nutritional value and bioactivity. Having antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, these molecules are used for medicinal purposes. Apart from the phenolic compounds in green tissues, cultivated cardoon is also used for the seed oil, having a composition suitable for the human diet, but also valuable as feedstock for the production of biofuel and biodegradable bioplastics.
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