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Garden Wise Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden

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Garden Wise Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden Garden Wise Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden Western Washington Guide Voluntary codes of conduct For the gardening public (annotated): In an effort to reduce the spread of invasive plants used for horticultural purposes, experts have created the “Voluntary Codes of Conduct,” a series of steps that nursery professionals, landscape architects, gardeners, and others can take to help curb the spread of invasive horticultural plants. ◊ Ask for only non-invasive species when you acquire plants. Plant only environmentally safe species in your gardens. Work towards and promote new landscape design that is friendly to regional ecosystems. ◊ Seek information on which species are invasive in your area. Sources could include botanical gardens, horticulturists, conservationists, and government agencies. Remove invasive species from your land and replace them with non-invasive species suited to your site and needs. ◊ Do not trade plants with other gardeners if you know they are species with invasive characteristics. ◊ Request that botanical gardens and nurseries promote, display, and sell only non-invasive species. ◊ Help educate your community and other gardeners in your area through personal contact and in such settings as garden clubs and other civic groups. For the full Gardening Codes of Conduct, or to learn about the Codes of Conduct for Government, Nursery Professionals, Landscape Architects, and Botanic Gardens and Arboreta, please go to the Invasive.org, TNC’s Global Invasive Species Team webpage: www.invasive.org/gist/horticulture/using-codes.html. Garden Wise is dedicated to Ann Lennartz Garden Wise Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden While most exotic plants are not problematic, a few have become invasive in Washington State. When these plants spread to wild areas, they cause serious problems. For example invasive knotweeds, butterfly bush, and yellow flag iris are changing our streamsides and riverbanks; spurge laurel and Atlantic ivy are altering our forests. This booklet represents the collaboration of nonprofit conservation groups, state and country government, and the nursery industry. We believe that preventing introduction is the most efficient way to reduce the spread and impact of invasive species. Whether you are looking for new and exciting plants to add to your garden, or you are looking to replace invasive plants in your yard, we hope this book will be a valuable resource. Working together, we can ensure that future generations enjoy pristine wild areas in Washington State. Please note that this booklet is a product of an ongoing project. Visit www.nwcb.wa.gov for updates and to learn about other problematic plants and their alternatives. You can also learn more from your local nursery, WSU Master Gardeners, and at www.GreatPlantPicks.org. Well-Drained Full Sun Regular Water Soil Part Sun Medium Water Heavy Soil Full Shade Low Water Evergreen Washington Wildlife Native Friendly Deciduous Great Plant Pick Herbaceous Common Fennel - Foeniculum vulgare InvasiveNon-bulbing varieties of this herb are prized for their tall, feathery, aromatic, and often colorful foliage. However, this perennial colonizes grasslands and disturbed areas, including roadsides and abandoned lots, where dense stands can crowd out native flora. Fennel escapees are a serious problem in California, particularly in natural, open lands and along the coast. Fennel invasions are becoming a common sight in western Washington and may pose an additional threat to our state’s vanishing grasslands. Class B Washington State Noxious Weed 2 Florence Fennel, Finocchio, Bulbing Fennel Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum This annual plant is most like common fennel, with the same ative feathery foliage and is ideal for rn culinary uses. • The flavor of foliage and seeds is very similar to common fennel, and the swollen stem base is a crispy, flavorful vegetable used in many cuisines. • The foliage is green and has a feathery texture like common fennel, but the plant is smaller in stature (2-3 feet, not 4-6 feet). • Like common fennel, Florence fennel likes full sun and well- drained soils. Recommended Alte • The yellow flowers attract butterflies, and butterfly larvae feed on the foliage. • USDA zones 4-9 Dill Anethum graveolens The foliage of this plant is also feathery and reaches 3-4 feet. • With a wonderful feathery foliage, dill offers a fennel-like hazy texture, although the plant is slightly smaller in stature. • Dill is easy to grow in sunny, well- drained sites. • This annual will self-sow in your garden, so remove spent flower- heads before seeds scatter. • Flat yellow flowers appear about the same time as those of fennel, attracting butterflies, Recommended Alternative and butterfly larvae feed on the foliage. • USDA zones 3-7 Courtesy of Deborah Jordan, Solas Gardens 3 Cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus Cosmos foliage is ferny like common fennel, but its daisy-like flowers differ. • This annual has a long bloom time, from summer into autumn. • It can add pink, purple or white color to the garden. • The profuse, 3-inch daisy-like flowers, create a different effect in the garden than fennel. • Easy to grow and care for, cosmos can be deadheaded to prolong flowering. • Cosmos prefers well-drained Recommended Alternative soils and needs sunny sites, like common fennel. • USDA zones 3-10 Image courtesy of Trois Helvy More choices: Amelanchier alnifolia, Cornus stolonifera (syn. Cornus sericea), Holodiscus discolor, Hydrangea macrophylla, Physocarpus capitatus, Woodwardia fimbriata, and Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ all of which are Washington natives except for Hydrangea and Calamagrostis. Herbaceous Italian Arum - Arum italicum InvasiveIntroduced to gardens for its bright orange berries and variegated leaves that form a groundcover, Italian arum is a garden escapee that is invading natural areas in Washington. While new plants can grow from the berries dispersed by birds, plant infestations rapidly multiply by their underground tubers. These tubers are easily spread to new locations in contaminated soil. This toxic plant is extremely difficult to control once established and new populations Bottom image courtesy of Tim are continually discovered. Miller, WSU-NWREC Class C Washington State Noxious Weed 4 Dull Oregon Grape Mahonia nervosa (syn. Berberis nervosa) This beautiful, evergreen low- growing shrub is native to ative Washington. rn • Plants spread by rhizomes to form a loose groundcover. • Leaves are compound, made up of dark green, leathery leaflets, having toothed margins and a somewhat dull surface. • Slender clusters of bright yellow flowers bloom in the spring and form deep blue, waxy berries. • Able to grow in part sun and shade, dull Oregon grape is drought tolerant once established. Recommended Alte • USDA zones 5-9 Image courtesy of Great Plant Picks White Fawn Lily Erythronium oregonum This native fawn lily produces beautiful white flowers and mottled leaves. • This perennial grows from a corm, typically producing a pair of lance-shaped leaves at the base of the flower stem. • Like Italian arum, white fawn lily has interesting coloring on its leaves. • One to three nodding, white flowers bloom on stems that are up to 12 inches tall. • Ideal for woodland gardens, it can Recommended Alternative grow in full sun to part shade and prefers well-draining soil. • USDA zones 7-9 Courtesy of Richie Steffen, Great Plant Picks 5 Inside-out Flower Vancouveria hexandra This native perennial forms a lovely groundcover of light green leaves. • The compound leaves are made of lobed leaflets that emerge in spring. • Small, white delicate flowers bloom in the spring, appearing as if they’ve been turned inside-out. Each stem forms 10 to 30 flowers • Plants grow from rhizomes in moist to somewhat dry soils. It is fairly drought-tolerant once established. • USDA zones 5-9 Recommended Alternative Image courtesy of Walter Siegmund, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org More choices: Kinnikinnick, (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) and Beesia (Beesia deltophylla). Herbaceous Policeman’s Helmet - Impatiens glandulifera InvasivePoliceman’s helmet has pretty pink-to-purple flowers and is unusually tall for an annual plant, reaching a maximum height of 10 feet. A garden escapee, this prolific, self-seeding plant has heavily colonized lowland riparian areas, including forests, stream banks, and roadside thickets, where it dominates native plant communities. Although considered a serious problem in Great Britain, and on the WSDA quarantine list, it is still often illegally exchanged amongst garden groups in Washington. Image courtesy of King County NWCB Class B Washington State Noxious Weed 6 Milky Bellflower Campanula lactiflora Loddon‘ Anna’ An upright long-blooming perennial for a well-drained, sunny ative to partly shady site. rn • This easy-to-grow perennial will last in your garden to add color and texture over many years. • The upright habit, reaching up to 4 to 5 feet, adds similar texture and height to the garden. • Beautiful light lilac-pink star- shaped flowers in panicles are similar in color, but not form, to policeman’s helmet. • Blooms mid-summer, trim back Recommended Alte fading flowers to encourge re- bloom later in the season. • USDA zones 5-8 Image courtesy of Ann Chapman Delphinium, Larkspur Delphinium parishii ‘Sky blue’ and Delphinium x elatum An upright, taller herbaceous perennial for a sunny site. • The flower color ranges from white to deep lavenders and blues. • Some cultivars reach heights similar to policeman’s helmet. • Spurred
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