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Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Graduate Programme BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES GRADUATE PROGRAMME MILK PRODUCTION, HANDLING, PROCESSING AND MARKETING IN THREE DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF SOUTH WOLLO ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA M.Sc. Thesis By AYALEW MEKONNEN May, 2017 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES GRADUATE PROGRAM MILK PRODUCTION, HANDLING, PROCESSING AND MARKETING IN THREE DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF SOUTH WOLLO ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA M.Sc. Thesis By Ayalew Mekonnen A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION May, 2017 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia THESIS APPROVAL SHEET As member of the Board of Examiners of Master of Sciences (M.Sc.) thesis open defense examination, we have read and evaluated this thesis prepared by Ayalew Mekonnen Hassen entitled “Milk Production, Handling, Processing and Marketing in Three Dairy Production Systems of South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia”. We hereby certify that, the thesis is accepted for fulfilling the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Animal Production. Board of examiners ____________________ ____________________ _____________________ Name of External Examiner Date Signature ____________________ ____________________ _____________________ Name of Internal Examiner Date Signature ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Name of Chair person Date Signature i DECLARATION This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Milk Production, Handling, Processing and Marketing in Three Dairy Production Systems of South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of science (M.Sc.) in "Animal Production” to the school of Graduate studies, Bahir Dar University, through the Department of Animal production done by Ayalew Mekonnen Hassen, (ID. No. (R) 0602076/2006) is an authentic work carried out by him under our guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been sub-mitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the best of our knowledge and belief, however, works of other researchers and authors that served as source of information were duly acknowledged. Name of the Student Ayalew Mekonnen Signature and date--------------------------------------- Name of advisors 1. Asaminew Tassew (PhD) (Major advisor) Signature and date------------------------------------------- 2. Laiju Sam (PhD) (Co- advisor) Signature and date-------------------------------------- 3. Solomon Gizaw (PhD) (Co- advisor) Signature and date------------------------------------- ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to offer lots of thanks to my advisors Dr. Asaminew Tassew, Dr. Laiju Sam and Dr. Solomon Gizaw for their keen support, supervision, friendly treatment, critical remarks, encouragement and inspiration from the inception of the study to the final write-up of the thesis. I am deeply grateful and indebted to International Live Stock Research Institute (ILRI) and Livestock Irrigation Value Chain Scheme (LIVES) project for sponsoring the research component of the postgraduate study and also for paying money during the study leave. Special thanks are due to the Bahir Dar University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences for allowing me the chance of studying this M.Sc. program. I also thank Dessie Zuria District Office of Agriculture for paying my salary during the period of my study leave and also the development agents working in the study sites, South Wollo Agriculture Bureau, Dessie Administrative Town office of Agriculture for secondary data about livestock population numbers and relevant information regarding to livestock management. I also thank my respondents’ milk producers of study areas for spending their precious time and energy. iii Table of Contents THESIS APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….i DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………vii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..viii LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..ix LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES………………………………………………………………………………………………………….x LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………………………………….xi ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 Back Ground and Justification ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. General objective ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Specific objectives ................................................................................................................. 3 1.4. Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………………………………………….4 2.1. Milk Production Systems in Ethiopia ........................................................................................... 4 2.1.1. Rural milk production system ................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Peri-urban milk production system ........................................................................................ 5 2.1.3 Urban production system ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2. Productivity of Dairy Cattle .......................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Milk Handling ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4. Milk Processing ............................................................................................................................ 9 2.4.1. Butter making ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.2. Ghee making ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.4.3. Cottage cheese making ........................................................................................................ 13 2.5. Milk Marketing System .............................................................................................................. 13 2.6 Dairy Production Constraints....................................................................................................... 14 iv CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………………………………………16 3.1. Description of the Study Areas ................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1. Agro ecology zone and land uses of the study areas............................................................ 18 3.2. Sampling Techniques and Sample Frame ................................................................................... 18 3.3. Data Source and Methods of Data Collection............................................................................. 19 3.3.1. Data sources ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.2. Methods of data collections ................................................................................................. 20 3.4. Method of Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………………..22 4.1. Socio-economic Characteristics of Households in Study Areas ................................................. 22 4.1.1. Household head characteristics in the study areas ............................................................... 22 4.1.2. Educational status in the study areas ................................................................................... 22 4.1.3. Land holding pattern in the study areas ............................................................................... 23 4.1.4. Livestock holding in the study areas .................................................................................... 24 4.2. Milk Production Systems in Study Areas ................................................................................... 26 4.2.1. Rural small-holder milk production system ......................................................................... 26 4.2.2. Peri-urban milk production system ...................................................................................... 26 4.2.3. Urban production system ..................................................................................................... 27 4.3. Husbandry Practices in Study Areas ..........................................................................................
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