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Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento - RC: 79917 - ISSN: 2448-0959 https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/sem-categoria/the-reason The reason for the state ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL PEDROSO, Nilda Da Conceição [1] PEDROSO, Nilda Da Conceição. The reason for the state. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento. Year 05, Ed. 10, Vol. 15, 18-33. October 2020. ISSN: 2448-0959, Access link: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/historia-es/la-razon, DOI: 10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/history-is/la-reason Summary With this work we intend to study the Folders of the historical collection of the national archive. They contain the Captainular Acts of the Meetings of the National Assumption Lobby in the period 1805 and 1806. Our intention is to demonstrate, through these demands, and to expose an insipient and colonized Assumption, but hardworking, politicized and developing. Demonstrate the same, the activity of a state apparatus that in the past played an important role together with the people: the Cabildo. On the other hand we intend to contribute to clarify points of questions taken to centuries and that with this monographic work are alls of the past and brought to the historical present. Key words: Folders, chapter minutes, lobbying, Assumption. 1. INTRODUCTION To the team of students of the ONE Master's Course, it was given to present a work, that of doing a study of the Chapter Acts contained in a folder corresponding to the period of a full decade: from 1801 to 1811. These are the years that anticipated the most important event for the Republic of Paraguay: its Independence.From these years it was up to us to do the study of the years 1805 and 1806. 2. THE ASSUMPTION LOBBY - HISTORY The institution called Cabildo had its background in a still medieval Spain. During the early Middle Ages they had their rise in the Christian kingdoms. Thus, in Castile and León they were Councils; in Aragon 1 / 12 Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento - RC: 79917 - ISSN: 2448-0959 https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/sem-categoria/the-reason and Navarre: Cabildos, but in Catalonia they were called Consells. They had preponderance for the money granted to them by kings since the late 10th century. Over time, they gained autonomy and strength in government, exercising administrative and justice functions. After more than three centuries of frank activity with the people, the Cabildos in Spain were losing their strength as they strengthened the real power. But, being transplanted into America, it arises in most cities full of vigour. In the cities of Spanish America, in colonial times, the Cabildo represented the administrative and judicial body of the municipality. Asunción, founded in 1537 by Domingo Martínez de Irala and Juan de Salazar y Espinoza, had his Cabildo created on September 16, 1541, by Martínez de Irala himself. "Being Asunción the only base of operations of the conquering company, it was needed to create a legal and administrative institution that would grant city status to the fort." (PARAGUAYAN ACADEMY OF HISTORY, 2010, p. 165). The Cabildo was in Paraguay a spontaneous creation of the conquistadors on the model of the Castilian municipalities. Although many were appointed in Spain regidors of the lands to be conquered by the Adelantado Don Pedro de Mendoza, he was not authorized to found Cabildos, probably for fear that they would want to renew in the Río de La Plata the struggles of the communities ended in Villalar. (...) But on September 16, 1541, Irala, in consortium with the royal officers, founded the Cabildo de Asunción, composed of five rulers, so that they may understand in all things concerning the good governance of this city. Soon the Cabildo became an important governing body. Not only did he fulfill his own municipal and justice obligations, but he performed various political functions. He sometimes took over the total government of the Province as he did in 1676 following the dismissal of Governor Rexe of Corvalán. During the Revolution of the Comuneros he was the main protagonist of the events and bulwark of the popular cause. (CARDOZO, 2015, p. 66). The Assumption thing wasn't the only Cabildo created. Thus, every city founded was created a Cabildo. In this way, and from Asunción, Cabildos were created in Ciudad Real de Guairá, Villa Rica, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, Concepción de Bermejo, Ciudad de Veras de los Corrientes, Santiago de Jerez. In the Act of Foundation of the Cabildo de Asunción collected by Mr. Juan Francisco Aguirre in his book "Diario del Capitán de Fragata", it is as follows: There are and reside in this people five rulers who gather in Cabildo with Justice in the days that were agreed by them so that they may understand in all things concerning the good governance of this city of the Assumption, who make and can do the municipal ordinances that close to the things they saw to be more convenient. […](AGUIRRE, 1949, n.p.). The Cabildo had among its main functions those of issuing ordinances with force and vigour of law as well as establishing penalties for transgressors. They also soon agreed on the procedure for elections that should be made clean and healthy. One of the first measures taken was the issuance of coins. As there was neither gold nor silver throughout the Province, they agreed to set the following values: "A mesh hook s 1 m[antigua moneda española]aravedi ; a rescue hook s 5 maravedíes; a scoop of 16 2 / 12 Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento - RC: 79917 - ISSN: 2448-0959 https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/sem-categoria/the-reason maravedíes; a wedge s 50 maravedíes; an anvil wedge 100 maravedíes" (QUEVEDO; DURAN; DUARTE, 2001, p. 33). These securities were later applied for the sale of the country's products to foreign trade.Thus, the management of the Cabildo de Asunción paid off, as it showed that the province could be maintained and developed without the circulation of sealed coins. In the Cabildo the city prison worked and in front, in the Plaza, was the scroll (that's what it was called because it had that format), where the criminals were whipped. The Mayors were like Judges of 1st Instance of the city. The Cabildo de Asunción since its founding exerted remarkable and sustained influence on the formation of the nationality of the Paraguayan people and in the common struggles. 2.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT The first decade of the nineteenth century represented for Paraguay years of political-social demonstrations that stirred the stage of the Spanish-Iberian colony. The nineteenth century inaugurates in Spain, the Motherland, great transformations that will extend to its colonies: the House of Bourbon now reigned. The Habsburg dynasty had left no successor. Political pressures imposed preference on the grandson of the French absolutist King, Louis XIV, who belonged to the Bourbon family. After a long dispute – the war of succession – in which European countries tried to prevent what had happened between Portugal and Spain from happening: the Iberian Union (1580 – 1640), where a single family took over two thrones, after the death of King Sebastian. Finally, the French prince was accepted, who to represent the Hispanic monarchy was named Philip II. Spain goes on to adopt the French system in its political, economic, social and cultural life. Everything was copied in the Spanish Metropolis: fashion, furniture, architecture, French gardens. He centralized power in the Metropolis and distributes it throughout the colonies. The big political decisions were made personally by the monarch, advised by his ministers. While the Habsburgs focused their administration on their colonial enterprises, the Bourbons focused on people, creating the "overseas provinces." Despite the effort, the House of Bourbon failed to preserve its colonies. American emancipation was coming in the direction that events were taking: from the Independence of North America in 1776 where from the thirteen English colonies was released quite material collected from the representatives of the Enlightenment and also a few years later (1789) from the leaders of the French Revolution, they ended up breaking the foundations of the ancient Spanish absolutist system in Hispanic-America. External events that influenced the ideas of emancipation were added to the heavy burdens of taxes and raw materials that the colony endured after three hundred years of Spanish domination. Among them the double English invasion on the Río de la Plata (1806 and 1807) and Carlotism. There is a, in the meantime, that seemed to be the impetus for the "domino effect" in Latin America; Bonaparte's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. This forced the Portuguese imperial family and its entire court to flee to the Brazilian colony (1808). The presence of the dominant element on dominated soil seemed to warm native Americans' moods of independence. After two victories in a row by the colony's military forces ultimately expelling the English from the Río de la Plata, many Paraguayans who acted in the defense realized their ability to fight for independence. That certainty was the "gunpowder scratch" that prompted 3 / 12 Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento - RC: 79917 - ISSN: 2448-0959 https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/sem-categoria/the-reason Latin America to be free of Spanish shackles. The Cabildo represented Spanish power in America. But, by representing the people well, it became a weapon against Spanish claims, so the Cabildo was always a body of defense of the people. There gathered the men who made politics, casting out the traitors of the independence movement that reached its boom in 1811 with the Independence of Paraguay. 3. ASSUMPTION - CAPITAL OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA Asunción, center of the Conquest of the Río de la Plata, since its creation, was a "trampoline" that may well have disappeared as soon as they discovered "La Sierra de la Plata" (Potosí, now Bolivian lands).
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