Index

AIDS, 117 Arteritis C-s (Chiirg-Strauss) syndrome, CDC surveillance case giant cell (GCA), 218-219 213-214 definition for, 119 temporal,218-219 Candida albicans, 152 ocular manifestations of Arthritis Candidiasis, 152-153 infection with, 117-125 psoriatic, 207-208 Cataract surgery, 81-83 retinal manifestations of, rheumatoid, see Rheumatoid CDC surveillance case 119 arthritis definition for AIDS, 119 AKC (atopic keratoconjunc- AS (ankylosing spondylitis), Cell tivitis),188-189 198-200 aqueous, 19 Alkylating drugs, 72-73 Ascariasis, 172 defined,3-4 Amoebiasis, 162-163 Ascaris lumbricoides, 172 Chest radiograph, 50 Anaerobic endophthalmitis, Atopic keratoconjunctivitis Chorioretinitis, defined, 4 chronic, 269-270 (AKC), 188-189 Chorioretinopathy, ANCA autoantibodies, 49-50 Autoimmune uveitis, serpiginous, 248-249 Angle signs, 22-23 experimental (EAU), 241 Choroid disorders, 247-252 Animals causing uveitis, 182- Azathioprine, 73 Choroidal signs, 29 183 Choroiditis, 29 Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), defined,4 198-200 Bacterial diseases causing multifocal, and panuveitis Anterior chamber signs, 19- uveitis, 134-144 (MCP) syndrome, 247-248 20 Bacterial endophthalmitis, punctate inner (PIC), 248 Anterior uveitis, 9 infectious, 267-269 vitiliginous, 240 Antiphospholipid antibodies Band keratopathy, 17, 19 Chiirg-Strauss (C-S) (APLA),49 BARN (bilateral acute retinal syndrome,213-214 APMPPE (acute posterior necrosis syndrome), 115- Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP), multifocal placoid 117 191-193 pigment epitheliopathy), Beh-;et's disease, 200-202 Ciliary body disorders, 229- 236-239 Biographical information, 32 233 Aqueous cell and flare, 19 Birdshot retinochoroiditis, Ciliary body signs, 20-22 Aqueous convection currents, 240-243 CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob 20 Blood tests, special, 49-50 disease),114-115 ARN, see Retinal necrosis Borrelia burgdorferi, 137- CME (cystoid macular edema), syndrome, acute 138 27,64-65 ARPE (acute retinal pigment Bowel disease, inflammatory, CMV (cytomegalovirus) epitheliitis), 239-240 (IBD), 204-205 retinitis, 119, 123-125 Arteriolar attenuation, 27 Brucella species, 142 Coccidioides, 153 Arteriolitis, retinal, see Retinal Brucellosis, 142-143 Coccidiomycosis, 153-154 arteriolitis Busacca nodules, 21 Cogan's syndrome, 214

273 274 Index

Colitis, ulcerative, 204-205 DM-PM (dermatomyositis and Hay fever, 187-188 Collagen fibers, 197 polymyositis),202-203 Heerfordt's syndrome, 254 Collagen vascular diseases, DUSN (diffuse unilateral Helminthic diseases causing 197 subacute neuroretinitis), uveitis, 170-177 with ocular involvement, 176-177 Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis 198 syndrome, acute (AHC), Conjunctival biopsy, 53-54, 56 105 Conjunctival disorders, 229 EAU (experimental auto• Herpes B virus (HV-B), 100- Conjunctival nodules, 14, 17 immune uveitis), 241 103 Conjunctival signs, 14-16 EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), 103- Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Contact dermatitis of eyelids, 105 97-98 228-229 EM (erythema multiforme), Heterochromia iridium, 22 Corneal signs, 16-19 203-204 Heterochromic iridocyclitis, Corneal surgery, 80-81 Endophthalmitis Fuchs' (FHI), 231-233 Corticosteroids anaerobic, chronic, 269- Histoplasma capsulatum, 149 oral, 69-71 270 Histoplasmosis syndrome, relative potencies of, 70 infectious, 267-269 ocular (OHS), 149-152 topical,62-65 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 103- History of present illness Coxsackievirus, 105-106 105 (HOPI),32 CP (cicatricial pemphigoid), Erythema multiforme (EM), HIV, 117-118 191-193 203-204 ocular manifestations of CREST syndrome, 215 Eye, 3 infection with, 117-125 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease red,14 HLA (human leukocyte (CJD),114-115 Eyelids, contact dermatitis of, antigen) typing, 4-5, 50 Crohn's disease, 204-205 228-229 HOPI (history of present Cryptococcosis, 155-156 illness), 32 Cryptococcus neoformans, 155 HSV (herpes simplex virus), Cyclitis, defined, 4 FHI (Fuchs' heterochromic 97-98 Cyclophosphamide, 72-73 iridocyclitis), 231-233 Human leukocyte antigen Cycloplegia, 61-62 Flare (HLA) typing, 4-5, 50 Cyclosporin,73-74 aqueous, 19 HV-B (herpes B virus), 100- Cysticercosis, 174-176 defined,4 103 Cystoid macular edema Fluorescein angiography, 52- Hydrocortisone, 63 (CME), 27, 64-65 53 Hypopyon Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Folic acid analogs, 73 defined, 4 retinitis, 119, 123-125 Fuchs' heterochromic double, 20 Cytotoxic immunosuppressive iridocyclitis (FHI), 231- Hypotheses agents, 71-74 233 listing of, 39-40 Fundus, white dot syndromes selection among, 40, 43 of,237-247 Dalen-Fuchs nodules, 205, 251 Fungal diseases causing DBDS (differential-based uveitis, 149-156 IBD (inflammatory bowel diagnostic system), 31-43 disease), 204-205 Dermatitis, contact, of eyelids, (IC) 228-229 (GCA), 218- formation, 8, 9 Dermatomyositis and 219 Immunologic diseases, ocular polymyositis (DM-PM), Giardia lamblia, 164 inflammation associated 202-203 Giardiasis, 164-165 with, 7-9, 187-255 Dexamethasone, 63 Glaucoma, secondary, 23 type I , 7, 8, Diagnosis Glaucoma surgery, 81 187-190 methods of, in uveitis, 31-43 Granulomatosis, Wegener's type II hypersensitivity, 7-9, process of making, 31 219-220 191-195 Differential-based diagnostic Granulomatous precipitates, type III hypersensitivity, 8, system (DBDS), 31-43 5-6 9, 197-221 Index 275

type IV hypersensitivity, 8, distribution, 18 Medical history, past (PMH), 9,228-255 old,19 33 Immunosuppressive agents response to therapy, 18 Medical therapy for uveitis, cytotoxic,71-74 Keratoconjunctivitis 58-74 specific, 72-74 atopic (AKC), 188-189 general treatment strategies, Infectious diseases, ocular vemal(VKC),189-190 59 inflammation associated Keratouveitis, viral diseases nonspecific, 59-60 with, 7, 97-183 associated with, 97-100 regional, 65-67 bacterial,134-144 Koeppe nodules, 21 specific, 60-74 fungal, 149-156 Koplik's spots, 112 systemic,67-74 helminthic,170-177 KP (keratic precipitates), see topical, 61-65 by insects, 180-181 Keratic precipitates Methotrexate, 73 protozoal, 159-166 Krill's disease, 239 MEWDS (multiple evanescent viral, 97-125 white dot sydrome), 244- Infectious endophthalmitis, 245 267-269 Laboratory evaluation, 55 Mumps virus (MV), 111-112 Inflammation, postoperative, Laboratory testing Mycobacterium leprae, 141-142 91-93 radiologic, 50-52 Mycobacterium tuberculi, 139 Inflammatory precipitates, 5-6 for uveitis, 45-56 Mydriasis, 61-62 Influenza A, 109-110 Leber's idiopathic stellate Insects causing uveitis, 180- neuroretinitis (USN), 243- 181 244 "Name-meshing" system of Intermediate uveitis, 9 Lens-induced uveitis, 193- diagnosis, 31 Interstitial retinoid binding 195 Neuroretinitis protein (IRBP), 241 Lenticular signs, 23-24 diffuse unilateral subacute Intraocular inflammation, see Leprosy, 141-142 (DUSN),176-177 Ocular inflammation Leptospira species, 138 stellate, Leber's idiopathic Intraocular lens implantation, Leptospirosis, 138-139 (USN), 243-244 83 USN (Leber's idiopathic Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Intraocular lymphoma, 265- stellate neuroretinitis), CNS (NHL-CNS), 265-266 267 243-244 Nongranulomatous IRBP (interstitial retinoid Los loa, 174 precipitates, 5 binding protein), 241 Loiasis, 174 Nonsteroidal anti• Iridocyclitis erythematosus, inflammatory drugs defined,4 systemic (SLE), 216-218 (NSAIDs), oral, 67-69 Fuchs' heterochromic (FHI), Lyme disease, 137-138 231-233 Lymphoma, intraocular, 265- idiopathic, 229-231 267 Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid Iris atrophy, sector, 22 (OCP),191-192 Iris disorders, 229-233 Ocular examination, 38-39 Iris heterochromia, 22 Masquerade syndromes, Ocular histoplasmosis Iris signs, 20-22 ocular syndrome (OHS), 149-152 Iritis, defined, 4 inflammation associated Ocular history, past (POH), Ixodes ticks, 137 with,265-270 32-33 chronic anaerobic Ocular inflammation, 3 endophthalmitis, 269-270 associated with JRA (juvenile rheumatoid infectious endophthalmitis, immunologic diseases, see arthritis), 205-207 267-269 Immunologic diseases, intraocular lymphoma, 265- ocular inflammation 267 associated with Keratic precipitates (KP), 16- MCP (multifocal choroiditis associated with infectious 19 and panuveitis) syndrome, diseases, see Infectious appearance, 17 247-248 diseases, ocular inflam• defined, 4 Measles virus, 112-113 mation associated with 276 Index

Ocular inflammation (cont.) Periphlebitis, retinal, 26 Reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS), associated with masquerade Phlyctenulosis, 229 265-267 syndromes, see Physical examination, general, Retinal arteriolitis, 26 Masquerade syndromes, 33 venulitis versus, 27 ocular inflammation PIC (punctate inner Retinal detachment, exudative, associated with choroiditis),248 29 associated with trauma, see Placoidpigment Retinal disorders, 237-247 Traumatic uveitis epitheliopathy, acute Retinal manifestations of clinical approach to patient posterior multifocal AIDS, 119 with,31-43 (APMPPE), 236-239 Retinal necrosis, 28 common entities associated PMH (past medical history), 33 Retinal necrosis syndrome, with,l1 Pneumocystis carinii, 165 acute (ARN), 115-117 local, systemic disease Pneumocystosis, 165-166 bilateral (BARN), 115-117 versus, 40 POH (past ocular history), 32- Retinal periphlebitis, 26 location of, 10, 40 33 Retinal pigment epitheliitis, uveitis and, see Ocular Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), acute (ARPE), 239-240 inflammation and uveitis 213-214 Retinal pigment epithelium Ocular inflammation and Polychondritis, relapsing, 209- (RPE),26 uveitis 211 inflammation of, 28 differential diagnosis, 41-43 Polymyositis, dermatomyositis signs in, 25-29 laboratory evaluation, 47-48 and (DM-PM), 202-203 Retinal surgery, 84-85 Ocular involvement, collagen PORT (punctate outer retinal Retinal vasculitis, 25 vascular diseases with, 198 toxoplasmosis),160-161 Retinitis, 25 Ocular manifestations of Posterior uveitis, 9-10 defined, 4 infection with HIV and Prednisolone, 63 viral diseases associated AIDS, 117-125 Progesterone-like with,100-117 Ocular redness, patterns of, 16 preparations, 63 Retinochoroiditis Oestrus ovis, 180 Propionibacterium species, 269 birdshot, 240-243 OHS (ocular histoplasmosis Protozoal diseases causing defined,4 syndrome),149-152 uveitis, 159-166 Review of systemic complaints Onchocerca volvulus, 172-173 Psoriatic arthritis, 207-208 (ROS),33 Onchocerciasis, 172-174 PSS (progressive systemic Rheumatic diseases, 198 Ophthalmia, sympathetic (SO), scleroderma),214-215 (RA), 249-252 Punctate inner choroiditis 211-213 Ophthalmia nodosa, 182-183 (PIC),248 juvenile (JRA), 205-207 Ophthalmomyiasis, 180-181 Punctate outer retinal Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Oral corticosteroids, 69-71 toxoplasmosis (PORT), 108-109 Oral nonsteroidal anti- 160-161 ROS (review of systemic inflammatory drugs, 67- Pupil, miotic, 20 complaints),33 69 Purine analogs, 73 RPE (retinal pigment epithelium), 26 Rubella virus, 106-108 PAN (polyarteritis nodosa), Questionnaire for uveitis, 34- RVFV (Rift Valley fever virus), 213-214 37 108-109 Panuveitis, multifocal choroiditis and (MCP) syndrome, 247-248 RA, See Rheumatoid arthritis S-J syndrome (Stevens• Pars planitis, 233-235 Radiologic testing, 50-52 Johnson syndrome), 203- Past medical history (PMH), 33 RCS (reticulum cell sarcoma), 204 Past ocular history (POH), 32- 265-267 Sarcoidosis, 253-255 33 Red eye, 14 Sarcoma, reticulum cell (RCS), Pemphigoid, cicatricial (CP), Reiter's syndrome, 208-209 265-267 191-193 Relapsing polychondritis, 209- Scleral disorders, 229 Periocular spaces, 65 211 Scleral signs, 14-16 Index 277

Scleroderma primary, 134-135 systemic, progressive (PSS), secondary, 135 causing uveitis, 7, 8, 187- 214-215 tertiary, 135 190 systemic sclerosis with or Systemic complaints, review of Type II hypersensitivity without, 214-215 (ROS),33 causing uveitis, 7-9, 191- Sclerosing panencephalitis, Systemic disease, local ocular 195 subacute (SSPE), 113-114 inflammation versus, 40 Type III hypersensitivity Sclerosis, systemic, with or Systemic lupus erythematosus causing uveitis, 8, 9,197- without scleroderma, (SLE), 216-218 221 214-215 Systemic medical therapy for Type IV hypersensitivity Sector iris atrophy, 22 uveitis, 67-74 causing uveitis, 8, 9, 228- "Senile" vitritis, 235-2.36 Systemic scleroderma, 255 Sensory retinal signs, 25-29 progressive (PSS), 214- Serpiginous 215 chorioretinopathy, 248- Systemic sclerosis with or Ulcerative colitis, 204-205 249 without scleroderma, Ultrasonography, 53 SFU (subretinal fibrosis and 214-215 Uveal tract, 3, 4 uveitis) syndrome, 104, Uveitis, 3 245-247 animals causing, 182-183 Sjogren's syndrome, 215-216 Taenia solium, 174 anterior, 9 SLE (systemic lupus Tarantulas, 182 bacterial diseases causing, erythematosus), 216-218 Temporal arteritis, 218-219 134-144 "Snowballs," 24, 25 Tests classification, 6-7 SO (sympathetic ophthalmia), individualized for complications of, 79 249-252 differential diagnosis, 47, defined, 4 Spondylitis, ankylosing (AS), 49 differential-based diagnostic 198-200 routine and frequently system for, 31-43 Sporothrix schenkii, 154 ordered, 45-47 epidemiology, 4-5 Sporotrichosis, 154-155 Ticks, Ixodes, 137 etiology and diagnostic SSPE (subacute sclerosing Tissue biopsy, 53-54, 56 considerations, 9-12 panencephalitis), 113-114 TM, see Trabecular meshwork experimental autoimmune Stellate neuroretinitis, Leber's Topical corticosteroids, 62-65 (EAU),241 idiopathic (LISN), 243- Topical medical therapy, 61- fungal diseases causing, 244 65 149-156 Stevens-Johnson syndrome Toxocara canis and Toxocara general information, 3 (S-J syndrome), 203-204 cati,170 helminthic diseases causing, Still's disease, 206 Toxocariasis, 170-172 170-177 Sub-Tenon's injection Toxoplasma gondii, 159 insects causing, 180-181 technique, 66 Toxoplasmosis, 121-122, 159- intermediate, 9 Sub retinal fibrosis and uveitis 162 laboratory testing for, 45- (SFU) syndrome, 104, Trabecular meshwork (TM), 56 245-247 signs in, 22-23 lens-induced,193-195 Surgical treatments in uveitis, Trauma, ocular inflammation medical therapy for, see 78-85 associated with, see Medical therapy for challenges in, 78-80 Traumatic uveitis uveitis indications for, 79 Traumatic uveitis, 7, 89-93 methods of diagnosis in, 31- procedures and common causes of, 90 43 considerations in, 80-85 nonsurgical trauma, 89-91 ocular inflammation and, see Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO), postoperative inflammation, Ocular inflammation and 249-252 91-93 uveitis Synechiae surgical trauma, 91-93 optimal therapy, 58 defined, 4 Treponema pallidum, 134 pathology /patho• posterior, 21 Trypanosomiasis, 163-164 physiology, 5-6 Syphilis, 134-137 Tuberculosis, 139-141 posterior, 9-10 278 Index

Uveitis (cont.) viral diseases associated Vitreous precipitates (VP), primary and secondary with,100-117 25 diagnostic features of, 40 viral diseases causing, 97- Vitreous signs, 24-25 protozoal diseases causing, 125 Vitreous surgery, 84 159-166 Uveoparotid fever, 254 Vitritis questionnaire for, 34-37 defined,4 signs, 14-29 idiopathic, 235-236 surgical blood tests for, 49- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), "senile," 235-236 50 98-100 VKC (vernal kerato• surgical treatments in, see Vasculitis, defined, 4 conjunctivitis),189-190 Surgical treatments in Venulitis, retinal arteriolitis Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) uveitis versus, 27 syndronie, 252-253 symptoms, 14 Vernal keratoconjunctivitis VP (vitreous precipitates), 25 symptoms and signs of (VKC),189-190 VZV (varicella-zoster virus), systemic disease in, 38 Viral diseases 98-100 traumatic, see Traumatic associated with uveitis keratouveitis, 97-100 type I hypersensitivity associated with retinitis Wegener's granulomatosis, causing, 7, 8,187-190 and uveitis, 100-117 219-220 type II hypersensitivity causing uveitis, 97-125 Whipple's disease, 143-144 causing, 7-9, 191-195 Vitiliginous choroiditis, 240 White dot syndrome, multiple type III hypersensitivity Vitreous disorders, 233- evanescent (MEWDS), causing,8,9,197-221 236 244-245 type IV hypersensitivity Vitreous inflammatory cells, White dot syndromes of causing, 8,9,228-255 24,25 fundus, 237-247