Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland A
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Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland a Alcohol Related Harm A statistical profile for Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland Produced by the Research and Information Team, Chief Executive’s Department, Leicestershire County Council 1 Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland 2 Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland Acknowledgements This report was produced by the Research & Information Team, Chief Executive’s Department, Leicestershire County Council in collaboration with Leicester City Primary Care Trust. For further details please contact: Jon Adamson Rod Moore Helen Reeve Senior Research Officer Assistant Director of Public Health Public Health Information Analyst Leicestershire County Council Leicester City Primary Care Trust Leicester City Primary Care Trust t: 0116 265 7419 t: 0116 295 1519 t: 0116 295 1515 e: [email protected] e: [email protected] e: [email protected] The authors are indebted to the following people for providing invaluable information in the production of this report: John Chalmers, the Anchor Centre, Leicester Nick Hartop, Drugs Specialist, Leicestershire Youth Offending Service Dr A Grant, Consultant Hepatologist, UHL Chris Shatford, Gastroenterology Service Manager, UHL Important Note This report attempts to bring together a range of information relating to alcohol consumption and alcohol related harm. Whilst every care has been taken to represent the data and analysis fairly and accurately, the authors would be grateful for any corrections, amendments or additions to this report (as per the contact details above). This report is one of several which are being used (in Spring/Summer 2007) to inform the production of an Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland. Jon Adamson February 2007 i Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland Contents i Acknowledgements and contact details ii Contents iii Executive Summary Page Page 1 Introduction 1 4 Evidence of harm: health 25 1.1 Background and previous work in this area 1 4.1 Mortality 25 1.2 Geographical Area 1 4.2 Hospital admissions: local demographic breakdown 26 1.3 Objectives of this report 1 4.3 Direct Impact of Hospital Admissions 29 1.4 Overview of the structure of this report 1 4.4 Cost of Hospital Admissions 29 1.5 Introduction to Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland 2 4.5 A&E Attendances 30 1.6 Population/households/demographics 5 4.6 Access to Treatment 31 1.7 Earnings and Income 7 1.8 Indices of Deprivation 2004 8 5 Evidence of harm: community safety 32 5.1 Violent Crime 32 2 General Alcohol Consumption 12 5.2 Introduction of the Licensing Act 42 5.3 Anti-Social Behaviour 43 3 Alcohol Consumption in special groups: 15 5.4 Drink Driving 44 3.1 Black & Minority Ethnic Groups 15 5.5 Fatal Fires 48 3.2 New Arrivals 17 3.3 Alcohol Consumption and Young People 20 6 Appendices 50 3.4 Young Offenders 21 6.1 Estimated problem drinkers 50 3.5 Lesbian, Gay & Bisexual 22 6.2 Mortality 51 3.6 Homelessness, rough sleepers, street drinkers 23 6.3 Cost of alcohol related admissions 54 3.7 Adult Offenders 24 ii Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland Executive Summary Alcohol is a social drug enjoyed by many BME groups A local survey found that alcohol, smoking people. Most people, around 80% of the Apart from Irish respondents, both men and illegal drug consumption among lesbian adult population, are either non-drinkers or and women in minority ethnic groups were gay and bisexual people in Leicester are all low-risk drinkers. This report is largely less likely than the general population to above the national average. concerned with the other minority, around drink. In Leicester, half of those from 20%, of the adult population who are ethnic minorities said that they had never Homelessness, rough sleepers and street considered alcohol misusers. drunk alcohol in their lives, compared with drinkers only 5% of White British people. The precise nature of the relationship Alcohol Misuers between alcohol consumption and National estimates applied to the population Consumption in some ethnic minority homelessness is unclear. Dependence can indicate that in LRR there are around; 750 populations is higher than others. Alcohol lead to homelessness and alcohol problems severely dependent drinkers, over 3,000 consumption is increasing in second and may develop as a result of being homeless. moderately dependent drinkers, 31,500 subsequent generation black and minority Up to half of rough sleepers are alcohol harmful drinkers; and, 125,000 hazardous ethnic (BME) groups. Local data suggests reliant and around a third have a drinkers. This suggests that there are a little that Black and Indian Sikhs are drinking combination of mental health and substance over 160,000 people in LRR who would more, whereas Indian Hindus, Pakistanis misuse problems. Some groups have benefit from some kind of intervention or and Bengalis are not showing any signs of exceptionally high alcohol consumption— treatment. increased consumption. As for the general average weekly alcohol intake based on a population, it is men rather than women in survey of street drinkers in Leicester was Men and women BME groups who are drinking. 206 units a week (compared to the More men than women drink alcohol. Older recommended intake of 22 units a week, or people drink more regularly, whilst younger Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender the upper limit for hazardous drinkers of people drink more heavily. Nationally, the Anecdotally, it has long been recognised 40-50 units). proportion of men and women drinking that gay men have higher rates of alcohol above daily benchmarks has stayed the same consumption than their heterosexual Young People since 1998. In the East Midlands the same is counterparts and use alcohol over a longer National data shows that the proportion of true for men, but there has been an increase period of time. Young gay men and their young people who drink alcohol increases for women. Married or co-habiting people heterosexual counterparts begin drinking from around 3% of 11 year olds to 46% of drink more often, whilst single people drink at a similar age and drink similar amounts, 15 year olds. Historically boys were more more heavily. but drink intake declines amongst likely to drink than girls but that was heterosexual men around age 30 whereas reversed, for the first time, in 2005 (due to in the gay and bisexual communities falling prevalence for boys, rather than an alcohol intake remains high throughout their lives. iii Alcohol Related Harm in Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland increased prevalence for girls). Alcohol offending behaviour is linked to alcohol Access to Treatment consumption in 2005 was roughly double amongst white offenders than for any Of the nine regions of England, the East that of fifteen years ago. However, most of other group. Midlands had the fourth highest level of this increase took place in the 1990s and hazardous/ harmful alcohol use but the consumption has remained fairly consistent Mortality lowest number of alcohol treatment since 1998. Alcohol misuse can be directly linked to agencies. A clear disparity exists between deaths from certain types of disease. In the size of the alcohol problem and the There is a correlation between young people 2004, just over four thousand people died existence of local services to be able to drinking alcohol and committing crime— in England and Wales from alcoholic liver effectively deal with it. generally criminal damage, violent crime and disease—up by over a third since 1999. In public order offences. Young people obtain LLR deaths from alcoholic liver disease Violent Crime alcohol from the home or from off licences, amongst men outnumber those amongst Just under half of all violent offences are especially supermarkets, rather than from women by around two-to-one. (North committed under the influence of alcohol. pubs or clubs. Alcohol plays an extremely big West Leicestershire is the exception to Around half of all alcohol related violent role as a gateway to drug use amongst young this where more women than men die crime takes place in hot-spot locations in people. With the exception of cannabis, from this condition.) the City Centre and in town centres around most other drug use/experimentation the County and Rutland. involves alcohol consumption. Alcohol is also Deaths from chronic liver disease and the main gateway to blood borne diseases cirrhosis begins amongst the 30s age group Violent crime (both domestic and non- and sexual transmitted infections (STIs). and peaks in the late 40s and 50s. domestic) is higher during the summer months and lower during the winter Adult Offenders Hospital admissions months. Non-domestic violent crime peaks Around half of offenders offending is linked Hospital admission rates for alcohol- during the early hours (midnight to 3am) of wholly or in part to their misuse of alcohol. specific causes are higher amongst Saturday and Sunday morning (about the This relates to over two thousand offenders residents of Leicester than in the County same level for both days). For domestic currently under the supervision of the or Rutland. Admission rates have increased violent crime the peak is much less Leicestershire & Rutland Probation Area (NB by around 2.5 times for men and 3 times pronounced (i.e. there are also evening includes Leicester). Alcohol is more of an for women over the last five years. The peaks throughout the week) and is spread influence in the offending behaviour of men majority of admissions are for mental and over a longer period of time (increasing than of women. There is little difference by behavioural disorders due to alcohol (77% gradually during the evening). age but there are large differences by of male admissions and 65% of female ethnicity.