sign in sign up
<<
Home , History of West Africa, Recorded history

AFS/HI 276

Intro. To the of West

Spring 2021 | Online 3 credit hours | No prerequisite | Humanities & Global Knowledge GEP

Instructor: Dr. Liz Timbs (she/her/hers) Office: A spare bedroom, Raleigh, NC, USA Email: [email protected] Office Hours: By appointment only; http://calendly.com/liztimbs Course Website: Moodle

This is a web course, combining asynchronous and synchronous instruction. All lecture content will be pre-recorded and posted in advance. Starting Sunday, January 24th, lecture content will be posted by 5pm on Sunday for the subsequent week. Given the limitations and exhaustion inherent in using Zoom for course meetings, although this course was initially scheduled to meet twice weekly, we have opted instead to meet once a week (beginning Week 2). You are required to attend 16 synchronous course meetings on Zoom, from 11:45am-1:00pm:

1. Tuesday, January 19th 9. Thursday, March 11th 2. Thursday, January 21st 10. Thursday, March 18th 3. Thursday, January 28th 11. Thursday, March 25th 4. Thursday, February 4th 12. Thursday, April 1st 5. Thursday, February 11th 13. Thursday, April 8th 6. Thursday, February 18th 14. Tuesday, April 13th 7. Thursday, February 25th 15. Thursday, April 22nd 8. Thursday, March 4th 16. Thursday, April 29th

We will be using the course Moodle site and NCSU email for all . AFS/HI 276 History of | Spring 2021 | pg. 2

COURSE DESCRIPTION

We will study the history of West Africa from well before recorded history to the present. Though we will not, of course, be covering “everything,” we will look at major themes in West African history, as well as case studies, in an attempt to understand the of people and places in the region. This focus provides opportunities to examine this region as part of multiple systems (continental, regional, global) and critically think about the wider connections between West Africa and the world. We will examine thematic topics such as the development of , the spread of languages, trade networks, , resistance, and current events to illuminate the history of this diverse region. We will also explore how history itself is created, drawing on historical documents and insights from other disciplines.

REQUIRED Texts

– Bamba Suso and Banna Kanute (2000). Sunjata: Gambian Versions of the Mande Epic. ISBN: 978- 0140447361 – Zora Neale Hurston (2018), Barracoon: The Story of the Last ‘Black Cargo’. ISBN: 9780062748218 – Peter Karibe Mendy (2019). Amilcar Cabral. ISBN: 9780821423721 – Yaa Gyasi (2016). Homegoing. ISBN: 9781101971062 **All other materials will be made available on Moodle.**

Objectives

This 3.0 credit-hour course fulfills a General Education Program requirement for Humanities. The course will provide instruction and guidance that helps students to: – engage the human experience through the interpretation of evidence from the past concerning environmental, religious, and economic factors in West African history – become aware of the act of historical interpretation by identifying the main interpretive trends in West African – make academic arguments about West African history using reasons and evidence for supporting those reasons that are appropriate to the discipline of history. This course also fulfills a General Education Program co-requisite for Global Knowledge. The course will provide instruction and guidance that helps students to: – Identify distinguishing environmental, religious, and economic factors in West African history. – Explain the historical effect of economic, cultural and political linkages between West African societies and those in other regions of the world.

ASSIGNMENTS

There will be a number of assignments due over the course of the semester. They are designed to support readings, lectures, and informal discussions. They must be handed in on time and no late work will be accepted (see Late Assignments and Attendance Policy sections above). All written work must be original. In any instance of plagiarism, I will file a Report of Academic Integrity AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 3

Violation (see Academic Integrity section below) and recommend to the board that you receive a failing grade on the assignment. In addition to the information below, all assignment due dates are designated by in the schedule of readings/lectures.

Attendance/Participation (20%): To get full credit for attendance and participation, you must do the following: 1. Watch all recorded lectures (Mediasite allows your professors to check that you have done so). 2. Attend all live discussions, unless you have a documented illness or emergency. Just as in a physical classroom, full attendance in a digital course means that you pay attention throughout the discussion. Your professor prefers that you turn on your camera, and mute your mic when you are not speaking. If you need to step away from your computer, please note that in the chat screen. 3. Speak or comment via chat at least once in most live discussions. But do not monopolize discussions, and be sure to direct your comments and questions to your classmates, not just to your professor.

Attendance Policy: I normally have a formal unexcused/excused absence policy, but let’s be perfectly clear: we are in the middle of a world-altering and we’re all going to have to find some form of grace with each other in the midst of it. If you need extensions, or if you must be absent, we can work on that. We’re all trying our best here. My only formal attendance rule this semester is NO GHOSTING.

Pre-Discussion Assignments (15%): By 24 hours before each live class meeting, you must watch the week’s lecture, complete the week’s readings, and submit a Pre-Discussion Assignment (PDA) form on Moodle.

In each PDA, you must answer 2 questions raised by Dr. T and suggest 1 new question for class discussion. Each PDA should be uploaded to Moodle as a .docx or .doc file, in 12-point font. It should include:

1. A response to Dr. T’s Content Question (who/what/where/when): This question will test your understanding of established historical facts, to ensure that you’re following the lecture and readings, in a response of 1-2 sentences. 2. Response to Dr. T’s Analytical Question (why/how): This more challenging question will ask you to interpret events, or take a stance on a debate, in a response to 1-2 paragraphs. 3. Class Discussion Question: Suggest a question that will generate class discussion. You will get 1 point simply for submitting a question, and you will get 1 point extra-credit if Dr. T chooses your question to use in class discussion.

PDAs are due 24 hours before class starts. A schedule of the due dates for all PDAs follows:

1. 11:45am on Wednesday, January 27th 7. 11:45am on Wednesday, March 17th 2. 11:45am on Wednesday, February 3rd 8. 11:45am on Wednesday, March 24th 3. 11:45am on Wednesday, February 10th 9. 11:45am on Wednesday, March 30th 4. 11:45am on Wednesday, February 17th 10. 11:45am on Wednesday, April 7th 5. 11:45am on Wednesday, February 24th 11. 11:45am on Wednesday, April 21st 6. 11:45am on Wednesday, March 3rd 12. 11:45am on Wednesday, April 28th

AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 4

Quizzes (15%): Over the course of this semester, there will be three map quizzes. Full details on these quizzes is available via the course Moodle. All quizzes are due by 11:45am on Thursday in the week in which they are assigned. o Map Quiz 1 – Africa (Week 2): For the first map quiz, students will be expected to familiarize themselves with the 54 nations of the African continent and identify those nations on a blank map. o Map Quiz 2 – West African Kingdoms/Empires (Week 4): On the second map quiz, students will be asked to identify several major African kingdoms and empires. A handout with more detailed information will be distributed closer to the quiz. o Map Quiz 3 – Colonial West Africa (Week 10): Students will be asked to identify the colonial powers associated with each territory in West Africa during the colonial period. A handout with more detailed information and a study sheet will be distributed closer to the quiz. o Map Quiz 4 – Modern Nations of West Africa (Week 12): Students will be expected to identify the nations of modern West Africa (, , , Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire (), Equatorial , , , Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, , , , , , São Tomé and Príncipe, , , and ).

Reading/Watching Guides (10%): Over the course of the semester, you will complete five reading/viewing guides focused on required readings/videos. These reading guides will be graded pass/fail based on their completion and will serve as critical resources for preparing for exams.

Midterm (20%): The midterm exam will be administered online during Week 8 (March 8th-March 12th). The exam will be composed of a combination of multiple choice and identification questions on material from Weeks 1-7, as well as essays on Sunjata and Barracoon. More information will be distributed closer to the exam.

Final (20%): The final exam will be administered online during finals week. The exam will be composed of a combination of multiple choice and identification questions on material from Weeks 9-15, as well as essays on Amilcar Cabral and Homegoing. More information will be distributed closer to the exam.

GRADING CRITERIA

Any concerns about grades or course progress must be conducted via Zoom during an appointment scheduled ahead of time, not over phone or email. If the pre-scheduled virtual office hours do not work for you, I am happy to schedule an appointment. Final grades will be based on the following criteria:

Attendance/Participation 20% of final grade Pre-Discussion Assignments 15% of final grade Map Quizzes 15% of final grade Reading /Watching Guides 10% of final grade Midterm 20% of final grade Final Exam 20% of final grade

AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 5

The grading scale is as follows:

A+= 97.00%-100.00% C+ = 77.00%-79.99% A = 93.00%-96.99% C = 73.00%-76.99% A- = 90.00%-92.99% C- = 70.00%-72.99% B+ = 87.00%-89.99% D+ = 67.00%-69.99% B = 83.00%-86.99% D = 63.00%-66.99% B- = 80.00%-82.99% D- = 60.00%-62.99% F = Below 60.00%

Late work will lose 1 point per 24 hours that it is submitted late.

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

Academic integrity is mandatory. Plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately passes off another’s words or ideas without acknowledging their source. If you plagiarize in this class, you will fail the assignment on which you are working and your case may be passed on for additional disciplinary action as a violation of the university’s Academic Integrity Policy [link]. Plagiarism is often the result of desperation and procrastination. If you feel yourself falling behind, come talk to me. If you are confused about what defines plagiarism, take note of the following and/or ask me.

o Copying small or large sections of written text, this includes a single sentence, without appropriate quotations and citation of original author. o Paraphrasing written materials without citing the source. o Citing a source other than that from which you obtained your evidence. o Altering or contriving evidence.

For more information on the University’s regulations governing academic integrity see the Code of Student Conduct policy (NCSU POL11.35.1) and Pack Pledge.

For each assignment submitted in this course, you are required to sign the Pack Pledge: I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this test or assignment.

TECHNOLOGY POLICIES

All course materials (including videos, readings, and quizzes) are not to be recorded or shared. Students may not redistribute materials from this course to individuals who are not students in this course without the express permission of Dr. T. Distribution without permission is a violation of educational privacy law.

ACADEMIC SUPPORT

Writing Assistance: This class will require a great deal of your energy and your time. Depending upon your previous experience with humanities courses and the requirements of this discipline, you may find the assignments and reading load difficult. Many persons and written resources are available to help you succeed. One such resource is the undergraduate tutorial center, www.ncsu.edu/tutorial_center/ that provides free writing assistance to undergraduates via Zoom AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 6

Career Information for CHASS students: For a variety of resources related to career planning, including ways to meet with career counselors, visit the Career Development Center’s webpage at https://www.chass.ncsu.edu/career_services/.

Supporting Fellow Students in Distress: As members of the NC Wolfpack community, we each share a personal responsibility to express concern for one another and to ensure that this classroom and the campus as a whole remains a safe environment for learning. Occasionally, you may come across a fellow classmate whose personal behavior concerns or worries you. When this is the case, I would encourage you to report this behavior to the NC State Students of Concern website: http://studentsofconcern.ncsu.edu/. Although you can report anonymously, it is preferred that you share your contact information so they can follow-up with you personally.

ACCESSIBILITY & ACCOMMODATION

Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with verifiable disabilities. In order to take advantage of available accommodations, students must register with the Disability Resource Office at Holmes Hall, Suite 304, 2751 Cates Avenue, Campus Box 7509, 919-515-7653. For more information on NC State’s policy on working with students with disabilities, please see: Academic Accommodations for Students with Disabilities Regulation (REG02.20.01)

Electronically-hosted Course Materials:

Students may be required to disclose personally identifiable information to other students in the course, via electronic tools like email or web postings, where relevant to the course. Examples include online discussions of class topics, and posting of student coursework. All students are expected to respect the privacy of each other by not sharing or using such information outside the course.

NC State Policies, Regulations, And Rules (PRR)

Students are responsible for reviewing the PRRs which pertain to their course rights and responsibilities. These include: o Equal Opportunity and Non-Discrimination Policy [link] o Office for Institutional Equity and Diversity [link] o Code of Student Conduct [link] o Grades and Grade Point Average [link] o Credit Only Course [link] o Audits [link] o Incompletes [link]

AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 7

A Note on Learning (in Unprecedented Times)

The COVID-19 pandemic is far from over. People from many parts of our city, state, country, and the world are still suffering from the public health crisis with minimal support and resources. We are fortunate to be able to meet as a class, albeit remotely, to resume learning during this unusual time. As we pursue learning together, I strive to keep the following guiding principles (inspired by the Chronicle of Higher Education):

o Put people first: As we learn the stories of peoples throughout the African , I hope we practice empathy and are cognizant that our own day-to-day life can be impacted by others whose lives may differ drastically from our own. o Stay Informed: We will keep ourselves educated about the development of the public health situation and make informed decisions about our personal, social, and professional lives. o Communicate early and often: Even when we are physically and socially distanced to help stop the spread of the virus, we can remain connected through various communication platforms. Always reach out if you need anything to support your learning and well-being. o Celebrate accomplishments: Any accomplishments, major or minor, during this time is a testament to your dedication and perseverance. We will enable a of celebration in this course. Share with me your successes (and failures) and I am glad to celebrate them with you or develop plans to succeed in the . o Take care of yourself: Get enough rest, food, exercise, and anything you need to help maintain a positive mood and good mental and physical health If you don’t feel well, do not force yourself through the course work. Let me know so we can work out alternatives together.

Weekly Course Schedule

*The syllabus is only a draft: there may be corrections and changes as the course goes along. * **All links to lecture videos, quizzes, and exams will be made available on Moodle. **

WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO WEST AFRICA’S PASTS January 19th-January 22nd Tuesday 01.19 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion Thursday 01.21 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Chris Lowe, “Talking About Tribe” (1997) o Jonathan T. Reynolds, “So Many , So Little Time: Doing Justice to Africa in the Survey,” World History Connected (2004) – Videos: o Notes on Studying (West) Africa o Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, “The Danger of a Single Story,” TEDxEuston (2012) [link] – Assignments: o Study for Map Quiz 1 (Week 2)

AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 8

WEEK 2: EARLY WEST AFRICAN HISTORY January 25th-January 29th Thursday 01.28 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o James L.A. Webb, Jr., “Ecology and Culture in West Africa,” in Themes in West Africa’s History (2006) o Explore photos of West African from Mali [link]; Mauritania [link]; Niger [link]; and Nigeria [link]. o Begin reading Bamba Suso and Banna Kanute, Sunjata (1999), vii-xxxi – Videos: o Early Human Communities in West Africa o The and Commercial Revolution in West Africa – Assignments: o PDA 1 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 01.27 (references materials from Weeks 1 and 2) o Map Quiz 1 due by 11:45am on Thursday 01.28

WEEK 3: GLOBAL TRADE NETWORKS IN MEDIEVAL WEST AFRICA February 1st-February 5th Thursday 02.04 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o David Robinson, “The of Africa/The Africanization of ,” in Muslim Societies in African History (2004) o Ralph Austen, “Introduction to the : From Barrier to Global Highway,” in Trans-Saharan Africa in World History (2010) o Continue reading Bamba Suso and Banna Kanute, Sunjata (1999), 2-31 – Videos: o The Introduction of Islam o The Trans-Saharan Trade o The Growth of African Kingdoms, Pt. I – Assignments: o PDA 2 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 02.03 o Study for Map Quiz 2 (Week 4)

WEEK 4: KINGDOMS & EMPIRES IN PRE-COLONIAL WEST AFRICA February 8th-February 12th Thursday 02.11 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion Tuesday 02.09: Wellness Day (No Classes) – Readings: o Francois-Xavier Fauvelle, “Trade and Travel in Africa’s Global Golden Age (AD 700- 1500) in Global Africa: Into the Twenty-First Century (2017) o Excerpts from Abu Ubaydallah al-Bakri, , and o Finish reading Bamba Suso and Banna Kanute, Sunjata (1999), 35-94 – Videos: o The Growth of African Kingdoms, Pt. II o The Epic of Sunjata in Historical Perspective – Assignments: o PDA 3 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 02.10 o Map Quiz 2 due by 11:45am on Thursday 02.11 o Sunjata Reading Guide due by 11:45am on Thursday 02.11 AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 9

WEEK 5: THE BIRTH OF THE TRANS- February 15th-February 19th Thursday 02.18 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Esperanza Brizuela-Garcia and Trevor Getz, “African Memories and Perspectives of the Atlantic Slave Trade,” in African Histories: New Sources and New Techniques for Studying African Pasts (2012) o Patrick Manning, “ & Slave Trade in West Africa 1450-1930,” in Themes in West Africa’s History (2006) o Begin reading Zora Neale Hurston, Barracoon: The Story of the Last Black ‘Cargo’ (2018), xi-32 – Videos: o The Birth of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade o Many Rivers to Cross: The Black Atlantic [link] – Assignments: o PDA 4 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 02.17 o Many Rivers to Cross Viewing Guide due by 11:45am on Thursday 02.18

WEEK 6: CULTURAL EXCHANGE IN THE ERA OF THE SLAVE TRADE February 22nd-February 26th Thursday 02.25 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Howard Dodson, “The Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Making of the Modern World,” in African Roots/American : Africa in the Creation of the Americas (2001) o Michael Twitty, "I Had Never Eaten in Ghana Before. But My Ancestors Had," Bon Appetit (2018) o Continue reading Zora Neale Hurston, Barracoon: The Story of the Last Black ‘Cargo’ (2018), 33-70 – Videos: o West African Culture(s) and Trans-Atlantic Identities o The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Contemporary Discourse – Assignments: o PDA 5 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 02.24

WEEK 7: CASE STUDY: THE CLOTILDA March 1st-March 5th Thursday 03.04 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Joel K. Bourne, Jr., Sylvane Diouf, and Chelsea Brasted, “America’s Last Stole Them from Home. It Couldn’t Steal Their Identities,” National Geographic (2019) o Finish reading Zora Neale Hurston, Barracoon (2018), 71-112 – Videos: o Case Study: The Clotilda – Assignments: o PDA 6 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 03.03 o Barracoon Reading Guide due by 11:45am on Thursday 03.04

AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 10

WEEK 8: MIDTERM March 8th-March 12th No Live Discussion This Week – Review Sessions TBD – Readings: o No readings this week – Videos: o No lecture videos this week – Assignments: o Midterm Exam due by 1:00pm on Thursday 03.11

WEEK 9: THE CHANGING TIDES OF EUROPEAN INTERACTION March 15th-March 19th Thursday 03.18 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Adu Boahen, “The Eve of the Colonial Conquest and Occupation,” in African Perspectives on Colonialism (1987) o “Britain and the enact legislation to abolish the trade in slaves (1807),” in Africa and the West: A Documentary History (2010) o “The Asante king questions British motives in ending the slave trade (1820),” in Africa and the West: A Documentary History (2010) o “The (1885),” in Africa and the West: A Documentary History (2010) – Videos: o Slave Kingdoms of West Africa o Abolition and the – Assignments: o PDA 7 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 03.17 o Study for Map Quiz 3 (Week 10)

WEEK 10: COLONIAL RULE AND RESISTANCE IN WEST AFRICA March 22nd-March 26th Thursday 03.25 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Adu Boahen, “The Imposition of the Colonial System: Initiatives and Responses,” in African Perspectives on Colonialism (1987) o Khapoya, "Colonial Administrative Styles," The African Experience (1994) o Judith van Allen, “‘Sitting on a Man’: Colonialism and the Lost Political Institutions of Igbo Women,” Canadian Journal of 6, 2 (1972): 165-181 o Begin reading Peter Karibe Mendy, Amilcar Cabral (2019), 19-54 – Videos: o Styles of Colonial Administration in Colonial West Africa o Law in Colonial West Africa – Podcast: o “Women’s War of 1929,” Stuff You Missed in History Class [link] – Assignments: o PDA 8 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 03.24 o Map Quiz 3 due by 11:45am on Thursday 03.25

AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 11

WEEK 11: THE RISING TIDE OF AFRICAN RESISTANCE March 29th-April 2nd Thursday 04.01 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Hakim Adi, “Pan-Africanism: An Ideology and a Movement,” in Global Africa: Into the Twenty-First Century (2017) o Joe Harris Lunn, “Kande Kamara Speaks: An Oral History of the West African Experience in France, 1914-1918,” in African and the First World War (1987) o Excerpt from Léopold Sédar Senghor, Negritude: A Humanism of the Twentieth Century (1966) o Continue reading Peter Karibe Mendy, Amilcar Cabral (2019), 55-119 – Videos: o The World Wars in Africa and the Rise of Nationalism o WWII and Early Independence Movements in West Africa – Assignments: o PDA 9 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 03.30 o Study for Map Quiz 4 (Week 12)

WEEK 12: THE AGE OF INDEPENDENCE IN WEST AFRICA April 5th-April 9th Thursday 04.08 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Vincent Khapoya, “Independence Movements,” in The African Experience (1994) o , Excerpts from “I Speak of Freedom” Speech,” (1961) o Amilcar Cabral, “Identity and Dignity in the Context of the National Liberation Struggle” (1972) o Finish reading Peter Karibe Mendy, Amilcar Cabral (2019), 120-209 – Videos: o The Age of Independence, Pt. I o The Age of Independence, Pt. II – Assignments: o PDA 10 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 04.07 o Map Quiz 4 due by 11:45am on Thursday 04.08 o Amilcar Cabral Reading Guide due by 11:45am on Thursday 04.08

WEEK 13: AND CULTURE IN POST-INDEPENDENCE WEST AFRICA April 12th-April 16th Thursday 04.15: Wellness Day (No Classes) Tuesday 04.13 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion

– Readings: o Frantz Fanon, “Mutual Foundations for National Culture and Liberation Struggles,” from Wretched of the Earth (1963), pp. 170-180 [link] o Siddartha Mitter, “Issues and Commentary: Addressing Returns,” Art in America (2019) [link] o Onookome Okome, “Africa in Nollywood, Nollywood in Africa,” in Global Africa: Into the Twenty-First Century (2017) [link] o Norimitsu Onishi, “Nigeria’s Booming Film Industry Redefines African Life,” New York Times (2016) [link] AFS/HI 276 History of West Africa | Spring 2021 | pg. 12

o Excerpt from Wole Soyinka, , Literature, and the African World (1976) [link] o Begin reading Yaa Gyasi, Homegoing (2016), 1-110 – Videos: o Culture in Post-Independence West Africa, Pt. I o Culture in Post-Independence West Africa, Pt. II – Assignments: o No PDA due this week

WEEK 14: DECOLONIZATION IN WEST AFRICA April 19th-April 23rd Thursday 04.22 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion

– Readings: o Cyril K. Daddieh, “Ethnicity, Conflict, & the State in Contemporary Africa,” in Themes in West Africa’s History (2006) o “The Biafran Declaration of Independence,” (1969) o Chinua Achebe, “The African Writer and the Biafran Cause” (1968) o Joseph Okpaku, “The Myth of Western Objectivity, Expertise, and Scholarship,” in Nigeria: Dilemma of Nationhood (1972) o Continue reading Yaa Gyasi, Homegoing (2016), 111-198 – Videos: o Decolonization in West Africa o Case Study: The Biafran War – Assignments: o PDA 11 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 04.21

WEEK 15: ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY WEST AFRICA April 26th-April 30th Thursday 04.29 (11:45am-1:00pm): Live Discussion – Readings: o Matthew Hall, “The Scramble for Africa’s Athletes,” Foreign Policy [link] o Marissa Jackson, “Nigeria: in defence of hashtags and #BringBackOurGirls,” The Guardian [link] o Jumoke Balogun, “Dear world, your hashtags won't #BringBackOurGirls,” The Guardian [link] o Shayera Dark, "#EndSARS: How harness social media against police abuse," Al Jazeera [link] o Finish reading Yaa Gyasi, Homegoing (2016), 199-300 – Videos: o Migration to/from/within West Africa o Activism in Post-Colonial West Africa – Assignments: o PDA 12 due by 11:45am on Wednesday 04.28 o Homegoing Reading Guide due by 11:45am on Thursday 04.29

**FINAL EXAM DUE BY 1:00PM ON THURSDAY 05.06**