UNITED STATES OF Al\fERICA (LongrrssionallItfcord

th PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 94 CONGRESS SECOND SESSION

VOLU~IE 122-PART 6

11,\RGH IS, 1976 TO ~L\RC:f[ 2~;, 1'176

(PAGES 6397 TO 77G6'

UNITED STATES GOVE~NM.ENT PRINTING OHICf, \VASHINGTO:.:'-l, 1976 6702 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ~ SENATE lJtJarck 16,>19,'6 ping the FEC of its power and its in­ called to order by the Presiding Officer discloses any information about any pending dependence. I want no part in giving one (Mr. STAFFORD). case without the consent of the candidate involved. MeanwhUe the candidate would be interest group an unfair advantage over free to say anything he likes about the case another interest group. I want no part in or the FEC. Surely some less heavy-handed an effort to make this measure an in­ FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT and more even-handed way can be found to cumbent's bill. S. 3065 would accomplish AMENDMENTS OF 1976 enforce discipline and inspire some sense of these things. I urge my colleagues to vote The Senate continued with the con­ responsibility on the part of FEC officials. against it and vote in favor of the simple sideration of the bill (S.3065) to amend From there, the bills go rapidly downhlll. reconstitution of the Commission. How­ Congressional InfiuenCe over the commis­ the Federal Election Campaign Act of sion would be intensified. Public dlsclosure ever, if the Senate shoUld adopt S. 3065 1971 to provide for its administration by of campaign finances In candidates' home as reported out of the Committee on a Federal Election Commission appointed states would be curtalled. Under the Senate RUles, I would hope that the President in accordance with the requirements of blll, contributors would no longer have to of the United states will see fit to veto the Constitution, and for other purposes. identify thelrbuslness affillations, thus mak­ the measure. To do otherwise, to subject The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is the ing It harder to find out who has gIven how the Federal Election Commission to such understanding of the Chair that the much to whom. The House mellSure. mean­ restraints, would be a disservice to the whlle, would raise the celling on cash con­ pending amendment is the Griflln tributions from $100 to $250; that is a blatant American people. amendment to S. 3065. Who yields time? invitation to abuse. Finally, the House com­ Mr. President, I suggest the absence Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I yield mittee, which is quite shameless where the of a quorum, and I ask unanimous con­ myself 10 minutes. Interests of incumbents are concerned, even sent that it be charged equally to both The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ adopted an amendment that would block the sides. ator is recognized for 10 minutes. FEC from .looking into the activities of any The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, for all congressman's Btaff-as long lIS the legis­ objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will the reasons set forth in the Washington lator says that his aides are doing official please call the 1'011. business. Post editorial of this morning entitled Such provisions are so cynical that it is The second assistant legislative clerk "Changing the Campaign Law," the sub­ hard to believe they may surVive. Yet most proceeded to call the 1'011. stitute which I have offered should be members of Congress seem preoccupied with Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask adopted by the Senate. There are other other aspects of the bllls. The most intricate unanimous consent that the order for reasons in addition to those set forth in dickering has been over What polltical com­ the quorum call be rescinded. the Washington Post editorial. I ask mittees, especially business groups, may and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without may not do. SoIUe}lepubllca~saresuggest­ objection, it is so ordered. unanimous consent that this editorial ing, for Instance. that President Ford may Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask and another one that appeared in to­ veto the bill if it bars corporate polltical unanimous consent that Andrew Loewi day's Washington Star be printed in the a.ction groups trom sollcltingfl.11lds from RECORD. middle-level. nonunion employees as well as from my.staff be allowed the privileges There being no objection, the editorials stockholders and executives. Such intense In­ of the fioor during the consideration of were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, terest In the fiow of money may be Inevitable this measure. as follows: in an election year. In the current political The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without climate, however, maneuvers thatobvlousiy objection. it is so ordered. [From the Washington Post, Mar. 16, 1976) favor any special-interest group could cost a Mr. CLARK. Mr. Pl'esident, I suggest CHANGING THE CAMPAIGN LAW candidate a large amount of general public the absence of a quorum. When we last looked in on. the question regard. c ., . . . ' The PRESIDING OFFICER. The l'e­ of amencUng the campaign laws. Rep.. Wayne It is also untimely. In our view, for the quest for the quorum call will be cbal'ged L. Hays (D-Ohlo) and some allies were busy self-styled champions of "campaign reform" cementing a deal. Under this plan. the. Fed­ to make a major pUSh for public financing equally against both sides. eral Elections Commission would be recon­ of cQngresslonal campaigns. Regardless of the Mr. CLARK. That is correct. stituted as mandated by the Supreme Court, appeal Ofs1\ch a plan. consideration of It The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without but the commission's independence would ought to be deferred until the Impact ofcon­ objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will be limited-and Congress would also take tribution limits and pUblic funding of preSi­ please call the roll. the opportunity to write new rules for polit­ dential campaigns can be eval1.\ated p'~operlY The assistant legislative clerk pro­ ical action committees, giving business next year. P'or now, those legislators who do ceeded to call the 1'011. groups less money-raising range and labor want serious, effective regulation·. of cam­ groups a little more. paigns have qUite enough to do in terms Qf Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, cleaning up the measures that the two com­ I Well, a famUlarthlng happened on the way ask unanimous consent that the order to the fioor. Members of both the House mittees have devised. for the quorum call be rescinded. Administration Committee and the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Rules Committee had some further thoughts, [From the Washington Star. Mar. 16, 1976) objection, it is so ordered. primarily on ways to make compliance witll WHAT Is MR. HAYS UP To? Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President. the law less of a bother and investigations less of a tlll·eat. As a result, the bills now It's hard to tell whetIler Rep. Wayne Hays on behalf of Mr. Cannun, I yield myself is working for or against legislation to keep 1 minute. Mr. President, I ask unanimous before the Senate and awaiting House debate the Flldllral Election CQmmlssion in business. consent that during the consideration of are bulky, odd-Shaped packages that contain some useful provisions, some undesirable You will re.call that Mr.}fays had wl\nte,d S. 3065, the Federal Election Campaign to klll the commission but WIlS turned around ones .and some that are downright HQu~e Act Amendments of 1976, Mr. Roy mischievous. ' by George Meany of the AFL--{jIOand GreenwaY,and Jan Mueller of Senator leaders who wanted the· 'commisSion kept To start with, many legislators are worried alive. ' CRANSTON'S staff be given the privileges that the FEC and its staff could become,too of the fioor. free-wheeling or too strict, so that candi­ Mr. Hays's House Administration Commit­ The· PRESIDING OFFICER. Without dates might face criminal prosecution for tee has completed work on legislation osten­ objection, it is so ordered. minor mistakes, or be hurt by endless in­ slbly aimed at saving the Electloll Commis­ vestigation of a frivolous or malicious com­ sion frolll legal Infirmities found by the Su­ plaint. Thus the pending bills would remO\'e preme Court. But while fiXing the flaws, the RECESS UNTIL 2 P.M. criminal sanctions formlnor violations, em­ AdministratlonCommittee.has added .several phasize concl1latlon o,nd civil penalties, and appendages. at least one of which is highly Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, reqUire complaints to be signed and sworn. controversial and might result in 'a presiden­ I ask unanimous consent that, with the Moreover, any official action-an Investiga­ tial veto. understanding that at 2 o'clock when the tion, rule-making or even the design of a The Administration Committee has de­ Senate would come back in following a form-WOUld have to be approved by 40f creed that corpol'ations.thathave organized the 6 commissioners. These changes are gen­ political /lctlon committees. to collect funds recess, the time between the hour of 2 for candidates cannot solicit dOIiations from o'clock and 3 o'clock today be equally erally constructive. However, it Is too restric­ tive to require, as the Senate bm does, that employees; they could solicit only &tockhold­ divided between Mr. HATFIELD and Mr. two commissioners from each party must ers and management officials. No similar re· CANNON, a.nd that the Senate stand in agree to anything. strictionwas put on politlqal.action commit­ recess until the hour of 2 p.m. today. The bills also Invite trOUble by cloaking tees of labor organizations. There beh1g no objection, the Senate crucial parts of the regUlatory process in It is a blatant attempt by Mr. Hays & Co, to at 1 p.m., recessed until 2 p.rn.; where­ secrecy. This would be done by imposing give labor an uppel' hand over management upon the Senate reassembled when criminal penalties on any FEe official who in raising political funds and electing candi- March 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6703 dates.'A'Republlcan member of the Admln­ along 'and 'wants to make major changes or some governmental impediment to istrationCommlttee argued, to no avail, that in those rules. equity to aU parties concerned. limiting the rIght of solicitation to a certain class of indIviduals may be unconstitutional. I do not argue that the present rules We have operated under a different The White House has indicated that Presi­ are perfect or that the present rules do law for these 200 years. In the last 50 dent Ford may veto the blll11' it contains the not need changing, but I do say that this years we operated under the Corrupt restrictive provision when It reaches his desk. is not the time to change them. The time Practices Act, Which has worked to thp Mr. Hays, with his usual swagger, threatened for changing the rules will be next year, advantage of the incumbent in a fairly to' block,' requested appropriations for the after the election and after we have had obvious fashion since no person has been U.S. Information service unless Mr. Ford the experience of this election. Then Con­ indicted under this Act, to the best of my signs the bill-Which smacks of political gress, in a delibel'ative way and in an knowledge, where the Clerk of the Sen­ blackmail. But wait. There. may be more to all this atmosphere free from the pressures of ate and the Clerk of the House were hired than' meets the eye. Perhaps the fOXy Mr. the election, should address itself again by the incumbents and then were in Hays Is trying to pull a fast one on his col­ to the matter of the election financing charge of· enforcing the campaign stat­ leagues who want to keep the Election Com­ laws and how to improve them. Without utes, mission in business. COUld he be dellberately a doubt, there are many ways in which That is a nice cozy arrangement and courting a presidential veto, hoping that the the existing laws can be improved. it meant that incumbents simply did not Election Commission will die of it? I think one of the most interesthig have to abide by the same rules as every­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, this questions of the day is, why do we not one else. So when we got into a debate clearly is not the appropriate time to hear the voice of John Gardner and about refo11n, I think almost everybody pass the bill that has been reported from Common Cause saying something about in this body, Democrat, Republican, so­ the Committee on Rules and Adminis':' the bill that is before us, which cripples called liberals, so-called conservatives­ tration. Under the circumstances exist­ and weakenS the independence of the if those words mean anything, and I do ing at this time it would not be the right Federal Election Commission? Why are not know whether they do or not any thing to do. we not hearing the voice of John Gard­ more-everybody seemed to agree that The proposal the Senator from Ten­ ner and Common Cause in,support of the essential ingredient of a reform would nessee and I have offered as a substitute what the President is t~'ying to do, and be an independent commission to over­ would simply, cleanly, and clearly re­ which is embodied in the substitute that see the electoral process in these United establish the Federal Election Commis­ is at the desk. The substitute extends the States to insure equity for the Ameri­ sion in a constitutional way and allow life of the Federal Election Commission, can people in the process of acquiring it to continue its functions. with all its authority and powers undi­ representation. The kind of proposal we have offered, minished, and reestablishes it in a way The Supreme Court found our efforts and which will be voted on at 3 o'clock, that will be constitutional under the Su­ wanting in certain areas and declared can become law. There is no question preme Court decision? certain parts of that reform effort un­ but that the President would sign it. Perhaps we will hear from John Gard­ constitutional-and I think they prob­ Everyone. knows there is serious doubt ner and Common Cause and, perhaps, we ably were right. as to whether the President would sign will know theydo support this approach, They left us with a problem, what do the kind of bill,that has been reported But so far they have been strangely we do now to see that the elections are from the Committee on Rules and Ad­ silent. run in an unbiased fashion, ministration and is before the Senate I am not surprised, of course, that the The challenger and incumbent alike or the kind of bill that has been reported heads of the big labor organizations are have equal protection under the law so ill the House. in favor of this bill.' It is pretty clear that the American people may have equal It is imperative that the Federal Elec­ what this bill seeks to do in terms of protection under the law, and they left tion Commission be allowed to continue giving them even more power than they us with the responsibility of recreating in existence, and that we meet our re­ have now. But I am disappointed in the the independent commission or not. sponsibilities to continue its life before silence of some others who claim to be, The bill that has been brought to us the deadline set by the Supreme Court. and ought to be, nonpartisan and who by the Rules Committee is a charade. It It is imperative and necessary so that claim to be, and ought to be, working for is not an independent election commis­ those candidates in the Presidential elec­ the public interest and not for special sion. The bill that is being proposed in tion, not President Ford, incidentally, interests. the House is a charade. It is not an in­ but the other candidates, will receive the So, Mr. President, I hope at 3 o'clock dependent election commission. funds to which they are entitled under the Senate will have the wisdom to put Every dot and title of every decision this subject in a posture that will I they make would be resubmitted to the the existing law. Ameri~an It would put the President in a very think, be applauded by the Congress so we know whether or not it awkward situation, of course; to place on people. would help our candidacy, incumbent or his desk a monstrosity of this nature I believe that most Americans believe not, and the challengers have no rights and, in effect, require him to veto it. that a simple extension of the Federal whatsoever. I can hear the charges now: "Well, he Election Commission would be the right The bill is an effort to enlarge the does not want the other candidates to thing to do at this time. We will see rights of certain vested interests in the l'eceive Federal funds." I want to reject where the votes are, where the lines are population and to diminish the rights of that kind of charge right now, and label drawn, and we will proceed from there. others. it for what it is, because this Senate does I yield to the Senator-- Ultimately, the diminishment would The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who apply to most people in this country. have another choice. It has a responsi­ yields time? ble choice, and that is to pass a simple So the Senator from Michigan and I bill extending the life of the Federal Elec­ Mr. GRIFFIN. I yield to the Senator offer a SUbstitute which says with as tion Commission as separate legislation, from Tennessee such time as he may re;' much clarity and as much simplicity as quire, the distinguished cosponsor of the we are capable of commanding, "Let's and then deal later with these other so­ pending amendment. called l'eforms, which are not reforms extend the existence of this commission at all but which, in effect, seriously weak­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ as it was originally intended in an Inde­ en the powers of the Federal Election ator from Tennessee is recognized. pendent status, let's do it simply and Commission. The Senate can let those Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, I thank straightforwardly, let's do it honestly, issues be submitted to the President on the Senator from Michigan. let's don't try to con anybody, let's don·t their own merits and in a separate bill. I am privileged to coauthor this build anybodY's castle and let's don't This is no time to be tampering with amendment with him, and I appreciate try to tear anybody's castle down, let's the rest of the law.- This is not the time his leadership in the matter. simply extend the commission so that to change the rules in the middle of the I hope in the next 50 minutes we will we can have an independent body to game, and we are in the middle of an keep our eyes focused on the basic is­ oversee the elections of these United election contest, The candidates have sue. The issue is the continuation of an States in a fair and unbiased fashion and anuounCed and are running on the basis independent election commission to in­ nothing eise." of, certain rules, and now the Commit­ sure that the elections in the United It is straightforward. It avoids any tee on Rules and Administration comes States are conducted without fraud, bias complex, new problem. It assumes no 6704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD;...;,., SENATE March 16,.1976 additional constitutional question. As a Mr. GRIFFIN. Take a look at page 18. Mr. BROCK. We are Members of the matter of fact, it allows none because Mr. BROCK. By the way, will the same Congress. the court has already acted on the other chairman use some of his time? Mr. CANNON. Give me orieexample in parts of the bill and asked us to act on Mr. CANNON. Yes. the Senate, please.· . ,. ,. . . this section. It does not attempt to judge I will read it to the senator, I will Mr. BROCK. We are all part of the the merits of the arguments which can read it to him on my time: same Congress. I say, either· body can be taken up on other areas, such as the "(B) (i) 'I11& Commission shall, no later disapprove. That is an incumbent def­ l'ights of labor to solicit nonunion mem­ than thirty days atter rendering an advisory inition. There are reelection possibili­ bers, the rights of management to solicit opinion with respect to a request received ties. The House Members are up this union members. under subsection (a) year. A third of the Senate is up this That is not the question before us. The And listen to this: year. When we are required to vote on question is not whether we are going to which sets forth a rule of general applica­ these decisions every tune they come uP. have an election supervisor, but an in­ bUity, prescribe rules or regulations re­ if the Senator thinks we can be so far dependent body under no one's control. lating to the transaction or actiVity 1n­ above the battle to make every judgment That is the issue. Are we gong to have a volved if the Commission determines that 011 the basis of mel'it&, fine. Then we do strong, independent election commission, such transaction or activity is not subject not need an elections commission. or are we not? to any existing rule or regUlation prescribed I think we do. I think that is why we Mr. CANNON. Will the Senator yield by the Comm1ssl.on. set it up. In the first place, that is what for a question? Mr. GRIFFIN. The Senator has re­ it is all about, and that Is all the Griffin­ Mr. BROCK. Yes. stricted them if we pass this because Brock proposal does. It sets it up, puts it Mr. CANNON. I do not quite follow the they do nothave todo that now. out there, lets it be independent, and lets Senator when he says the Commission Mr. BROCK. This is a new require­ it operate in the intereSt of the American would not be an independent election ment. people. commission under the act that is pro­ Mr. CANNON. What they have to do Mr. CANNON. Let us be honest about posed. Will he spell out pl'eclsely what he now, they can issue an advisory opinion. it. The Senator says that is all the Grif;' is talking about? Mr. BROCK. That is right. fin-Brock proposal does. That is ab­ It seems to me we made the commis­ Mr. CANNON. And we are saying here, solutely absurd. There is even a self~ sion if anything, more independent. We if it has general applicability, then they destruct provision in there. even .require with respect to decision, have to send it up within a 30-day pe­ Mr. BROCK. No, sir. that it takes at least two of the same po­ riod to become a rule. Mr. CANNON. The, Senator is saying litical party to constitute a majority ill Mr. BROCK. There is nothing they he does not want this to apply after De­ making their decision. can rule on that does not have general cember of this year, the end of De- I do not know how more independent applicability except divorce proceedings. cember. , ., he can have it. Mr. CANNON. I have not heard them Mr. BROCK. There is no self-destruct Mr. BROCK. The Senator knows as rule on any divorce proceedings, but as part of my proposal. . well as I do that will tie them up in they have surely ruled on a lot of things Mr. CANNO:N. Let me read it: courts. The Senator also knows, when down there that do not have general The provisions of titles 3 and 4 of the Fed­ we say, in effect, they cannot issue an applicability. eral Election Campaign Act of 1971- opinion on a specific case and create, Mr. BROCK. That is how the courts That is the one weare talking about--, in effect, case law without turning it into buildup case law, and that is how this of section 608 of title 18, United States a regulation in a stated period of time, CommissIon will, on which we will make Code- that that will inhibit the decision proc­ our decision, and the Senator knows full ess. well what he is doing. I do not have to That is What, we are talking about--, The Senator knows full well if they tell him. and of chapters 95 and 96 of the Internal hand down a regulation, which they are Mr. CANNON. Why does the Senator Revenue Code ot 1954- then required to do, and that llRSto not just say fiat out he just does not Those are the provisions, for the ft­ come back to Congress for approval, that like this proposal? nancingof the Presidential election­ they are independent to the extent we Mr. BROCK. I do not like the pro~ shall not apply to any election as defined do not tell them different, that is just posal. in section 301 of the Act (2U.S.C. 431 (a)). not independent as I determine it. Mr. CANNON. And not try to say that that occurred atter Decembe~ 31, 1976, except Mr. CANNON. The situation is exactly it is because we have tried to restrict runoff elections relating to'elec~lons occur- the same now. If they initiate a pro­ or limit the Federal Election Commis... ring before such date. . . posed regulation, it comes up here to sion. Mr. President, let us be honest about Congress, and Congress can overrule or We have made them as nonpartisan this. The' Senator says he wants this approve it and let it go by. and as nonpolitical as we can possibly great Federal Election Commission that That is exactly the same situation in do. . . is nonpartisan and nonpolitical, that he the new proposed bill. Mr. BROCK. The Senator has made wants it to go on forever, and in his own The only thing we did is say that them as noncompetent as he could. proposal he has a self-destruction provi­ they should only issue the regulations They are not going to be independent. sion to destruct the end of this year. when it was of general applicability, so Everything they do will come back up to All he is saying, Mr. President, is that it applies to everybody. We are really us so we can say, "Well, let's look at it he wants this to continue through this trying to simplify theil' process. and is it goIng to help the incumbent or Presidential election so that his Presi­ Mr. BROCK. Oh, no, no. I wish that not." And if it does we will approve it. dential candidate can continue'to get were so. If not, too late. . funds up through the election. Mr. CANNON. Let me suggest to the That has been happening already. The Senator that he read page 18 of the bill. Mr, GRIFFIN. Mr; President, who has chairman knows this has been happen­ the fioor? Mr. BROCK. It may bewhat the Sen­ ing already, and this makes it worse. ator intended" but it is what our bill Mr. CANNON. I was llot awarepf that. Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I reserve does, not what the Senator's bill does. Give me an example of what has hap­ the remainder of my time. That was on The Senator's bill has got this thing so pened so far" one case to support the my time. bollixed up there is not any way in the Senator's position as to what has hap­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ world they can operate withindepen­ pened already. ator from Michigan has the fioorand has dence. Mr. BROCK. I will have to get the recognized, the Senator from Telmessee. How about the advisory opinions, can House votes on rejection of the proposals Mr. GRIFFIN. Will'the Senator from they do that? Not without a 30-day con­ the Election Commission has already Tennessee let me have the fioo:r? sideration. made. The Senator knows as well as I do, Mr. President, the Senator fromNe­ Mr. CANNON. Advisory opinion? they have not accepted those proposals. vada is correct in one respect. This sub­ Show me where it says that in the blll, Mr. CANNON. Who is "they"? stitute was drafted in two versions, one re.ad it to me, please. I thought the Senator was talking with' the expiration provision and one Mr. BROCK. All right. about us. without it. I am sorry that the version Manh 16, 19'76 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6705 submitted doesllave the expiration pro­ ways. It was drafted with the expiration mittee to comment on the presence of vision in it. provision in one instance and drafted in the ex officiO members and to discuss the I ask a parliamentary inquiry: Is it in another version without it. By mistake, degree of participation expected of them. order for me to modify my amendment? the wrong one was submitted in terms of It might be noted that the Secretary The PRESIDING OFFICER, The the explanation. We concede that. Now of the Senate, Frank Valeo, described a Chair is advised it would take unani­ we want to be sure that the measure view of the Secretary's role in a letter mous consent to modify the amendment. before the Senate is the one that we to Senator PELL, part of which follows: Mr. GRIFFIN. I ask unanimous con­ have described and the one that we are As an ex officio member of the Commis­ sent that section 3 of the substitute having our debate about. sion, It has been my Intention that the office amendment as proposed be amended. Mr. CANNON. I think a number of of the Secretary of the Senate represent the Mr. CANNON. I object. Senators have already discussed this Senate as an Institution of government With provision with me and I have told them a vital Interest In the successful functioning The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objection of the Federal electoral process. My office has is heard. what it contains, as I understand it. endeavored tl1erefore to exercise our best Mr, GRIFFIN. This is very interesting Sometimes Senators arrive in the cham­ judgment in this connection on various sub­ because, of course,it will only necessitate ber and vote right at the last minute. jects and issues before the Commission the Senator from Michigan then offer­ I think we ought to really vote on the which would be reflective of the public in­ ing another substitute after 3 o'clock and proposal that is here. terest as well as in accordance With the law. we will vote again on another substitute Mr. GRIFFIN, First we will Yote, then, In that perspective, it seems to me that the without this provision in it. If the Sena­ on a motion to strike out the provision. Senate's ex officio member also serves as a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who focal point for exchange of information lead­ tor from Nevada wants to take that kind ing to a better understanding of problems of of an attitude, I suppose it is all right and yields time Senate candidates and campaigns as distinct it is his privilege. Mr, MANSFIELD addressed the Chair, from problems associated with House and Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, if the Sen­ Mr. CANNON. I yield such time as the presidential candidates and campaigns. Slm­ ator will yield, what the Senator from Senator requires. llarly, it Is my hope that this office wlll be Tennessee was trying to do with the Sen­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ able to provide InSight into the problems of ator from Michigan is to have at least ator from Montana is recognized, candidates for the Senate. as they relate to Ml'. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, even the Commission's decisions and rules. It also one honest election this year. That is all. seems to me valid for the Senate's ex officio The fact that this amendment contains with the best of intentions and efforts to make recommendations to the Senate a section that-franklY, I thought we had to avoid ambiguities, they creep into leg­ Rules Committee with a. view to adjustments stricken it, but, if we did not, fine. That islation and often lead to misunderstand­ to the law which may be revealed by experi­ does not change the fact that we still ing and difficult administration of laws. ence to be desirable. deserve an honest election in 1976. That To avoid conflicts and confusion, it would Other responsibiUties prevent me from does not change the merit of the argu­ be in the interest of the Congress and spending a great deal of time at the Com­ ment. That should not change a single the future Commission to know the in~ mission. In order, however, to Insure a fUll tention of the Senate and ultimately the participation on the part of the Senate, I vote. Let us do these things one at a time. have, with the concurrence of the Majority If we cannot have it for the next 5 years Congress with regard to the roles of ex and Minority Leaders, designated a Special let us at least do it for 1 year. Let us officio members, that is, the Secretary of Deputyof the Secretary of the Senate, (Ms. have an independent commission that the Senate and the Clerk of the House. Harriet Robnett, J. D.) who is assigned ex­ will oversee these elections in a totallY S. 3065, the Federal Election Campaign clusively to work in connection with the unbiased, nonpartisan fashion to be sure Act Amendments of 1976, now before the Commission. that the American people have repre~ Senate, is a legislative response to the At the inception of the present Commis­ sentation. For gosh sakes, just one time Supreme Court decision in Buckley sion, I have the view and other members con­ curred that ex officio members should 11ave let US try and flee if it will work. We have against Valeo that the Federal Election all rights and privileges and responsibilities been 50 years with the other way and it Commission may not constitutionally of the other Commissioners, except the right sure has not protected the American peo­ exercise all the powers which the Con­ to vote,., ple. Let us try it 1 year, just once, and gress conferred in 1974 unless the voting The Ileed and value of an ex officio mem­ see if we cannot get an independent elec­ members are appointed by the President ber is, of course, a mattel' primarny for deter­ tion commission that will do a decent and confirmed by the Senate. The COUl't mination by the Senate and the Congress. job. did not include the SecretalY of the The Subcommittee may wish to discuss the Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, a fur­ Senate and the Clerk in this dictum. role or define it differently thall I have herein ther parliamentary inquh·y. described. I have no wish to intrude 011 the As reported in the form of an original decision of the Subcommittee in this regard The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ bill by the Senate Rules Committee, S. but I do wish to suggest that the role of the ator will state it. 3065 remedies this constitutional prob­ ex officio be discussed at your hearings and Mr. GRIFFIN. Would it be in order lem by providing for a Federal Election be considered by the Subcommittee with ref­ at 3 o'clock, under the agreement, that Commission composed of the Secretary erence to any proposal it may recommend to I could move to amend the substitute of the Senate and the Clerk of the House the fUll Committee. by striking section 3 thereof? of Representatives, ex officio and without Would the chairman of the committee rig~t The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the to vote, and six members ap­ agree generally with that description of Chair is advised the amendment ,,'ould pointed by the President with the advice the purpose and participation of the Sec­ be in order at 3 o'clock and not debat­ and consent of the Senate. retary as an ex officio member? able. As I understand it, during the commit­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Then we could have a tee consideration of the bill, two rollcall Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, may I vote first on an amendment striking out votes were taken with regard to the pres­ say to the majority leader that I have the expiration provisions contained in ence and participation of the ex officio just received this at the moment. section ii, which I am sure the Senator members. Approval was given to a mo­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes. from Nevada will support, and then if tion that the composition of the Commis­ Mr, CANNON. I have had an oppor­ that amendment did prevail we would sion include the Secretary of the Senate tunity to read through it, and I find only proceed to Yote on the remainder. I won­ and the Clerk of the House of Repre­ one problem area, and that is on page 3 der if·the Senator from Nevada might sentatives ex officio and without the as it was read, where it reads as follo\\"s: reconsider his objection. right to vote. Rejected on an earlier vote At the Inception of the present Commis­ M~·. BROCK. I might object now, Mr. was an amendment ,,'hich would have sion, I have the view and other members PI·.esldent. I would like to think about prOVided for the Clerk and the Secretary concurred that ex officio members should it a little bit. have all rights and privileges and responsi­ to serve only in an advisory capacity and bilities of the other Commissioners, except Mr. CANNON. Is the Senator referring that they not be made ex officio members. the right to vote. now to the provision. that the Senator These votes indicate, apparently, that from Tennessee said was not in the it was intended by the committee for the Mr. JlrlANSFIELD. Yes. amendment of the SenatQl' from Ten­ ex officio members to continue their Mr. CANNON. I would not enV1SlOll nessee? present participation in the Commission. myself, that an ex officio member would Mr, GRIFFIN. He has indicated he Nevertheless, it seems to me, it would be engage in a discussion with relation to was mistaken. This was drafted in two desirable for the chairman of the COll1- policy matters, or in the decisionmaking 6706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE !Jlarch 16, 1976 process. and then just simply 110t vote Secretary of the senate would be the' Senator will yield,that lswhere YOu:hal'e on It. or a.ttempt to lnfiuence other Com~ only two ex omcl0 members, that I could 3'our division of the parties on· a three mission members. So right now I would recall, and as long as both those people by three basis on the Commission. not necessarily agree that that is correct, represent, really, not a party but the Mr. BROCK. I understand... that an ex omcio member should have Senate and the House of Representatives The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who all rights and privileges and responsi~ in their omcial capacities, I would think yields time? bWties of the other members except the both sides would be assured that they Mr. BUCKLEY. Mr. President, will the right to vote. would be given full representation. distinguished Senator from Tennessee The rest of it I find 110 'problem with, Mr. BROCK. I think we would under ~:ield me time? I understand the Senator but I think this may go a little far, and the current leadership of the Senate, may from Michigan is not here. mtght get Into a question of whether I say, but I am not sure we would in the Mr. BROCK. I yield the Senator from the Supreme COurt decision might really future. I am certainly sure we would not New York 4 minutes. 1Jnpinge on this area. have been under certain circumstances Mr. BUCKLEY. I thank the Senator. Mr. MANSFIELD. Well, what we had in the past. I wonder ifit would not make in mind was the fact that as an ex omcio more sense to have two representatives Mr. President, first of all, I askunan­ member. he would not just remain mute, of the senate, one of the majority and imous consent that Mike Hammond of that he could give advice and consent, one of the minority, just to be sure this my staff be accorded the pl'1vilege of the that he could, In effect, represent the protection would be available to all floor throughout tllecourse of the de­ Senate's point of view; that he could Senators. liberations on this measure. have a voice but not a vote. Mr. MANSFIELD. I would think that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. CANNON. I think certainly if the would add to the dimculty, may I say to objection, it is so ordered. Commission calls on him for advice and the distinguished Senator from Tennes­ Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, will the consent he would be obligated to give see, because when a person becomes the Senator yield for a similar request? them advice and consent, but when we Secretary of the Senate, he represents Mr. BUCKLEY. I yield. say all the rights and privileges and re­ the Senate. The Sergeant at Arms of the Mr. BROCK. I ask unanimousconsent sponsibilities of other commissioners ex­ Senate represents the Senate. I would that Richard Vodra and Robert Perkins cept the right to vote, I would find some hate to see minority and majority repre­ of the staff be accorded the privilege of problem with that. I think that perhapS sentation, especially in view of the fact the fioor, is a little broader tllan an ex omc1o mem­ that I have such high confidence in the ber is entitled to be. present Secretary of the Senate, who has The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. MANSFIELD. II he had to wait done a remarkably good job under ex­ objection, itis so ordered. for the commissioners to.call on him, tremely dimcult circumstances. Mr. BUCKLEY. Mr. President, I just and something came up which affected Mr. BROCK. I have great confidence, wanted, at the.outset of this debate, to the rights, duties, and privileges of the may I say to the majority leader, in the make a couple of observations. Senate, I would think that, as the Sec­ present incumbent of that office and his My friend from Tennessee has stated retary of the Senate, representing all the employer, the Senator from Montana. I that the decision of the Supreme Court Senate,he would have the right to ex­ have no qualms about the equity that in the case of Buckley versus Valeo left press an opinion,so that the rights of would be received under present circum­ us \\ith a problem. I believe those are his the Senate could be safeguarded, as I stances. I just wonder, you know, what exact words. Actually, it left us with a would assume the rights of the House might happen in the future. whole carload of problems, which I sug­ of Representatives would be.in the per~ Mr. MANSFIELD. I understand. gest none of the proposals before us even son of the Clerk of the House. Mr. BROCK. I think the law should attempt to cope with. Mr. CANNON. Yes. But I think to de~ provide for any and all circumstances. I shall .quotefrom one ·of the initial bate and discuss polley issues and decl­ That would be my only point. paragraphs of Chief Jllstice Burger's sionmaking problems that arise that did Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the opinion inthat case. He said: not relate, necessarily, directly to the Senator yield? Tile courts rule does Violence t-o the intent Senate might go beyond whal was in­ of Congress in this comprehensive scheme tended. Mr. BROCK, I yield. of campaign financ!llg. Mr. MANSFIELD. It would be as re­ Mr. CANNON. I would point out to the He then goes on to say: Senator from Tennessee that that is pre­ lated to the Senate. cisely the same provision that is in the What.remains after today's holdillg leaves Mr. CANNON. That, I tllink, WO\lld be law now . no more than a shadow of what Congress propel'. contemplated. I question whether the residuo Mr. BROCK. That is why the question leaves a workable program. Mr. MANSFIELD. That would be tlle distfn~ the Senator from Nevada raised was Im­ in~ intent of the words which the portant,.because he was trying to limit I tried to offer some suggestions. I guished chairman of the committee has all of the areas where this ex officio per­ troduced legislation that would have brought to the attention of the Senate, son could speak. dealt with the effects. of the Supreme and that would be tlle matter which I Cow't's decision as a whole. I do not have would have in mind, because then we Mr. CANNON. I was just trying to any illusions that it will be enacted be­ would have a protector down there which delineate what my belief was as to the 'cause the pUblic, at large,and this Con­ would look after our interests, and should meaning of ex omc1o in that regard. Part gress, in particular, have failed to focus be allowed to speak UP in our behalf if of that,of course, has been eliminated on any aspect other than the fact that events would warralltit. as unconstitutional, but the specific part the FEC, as cUlTently constituted, was and the Clerk of the House was not ad­ Mr. CANNON. II that were conditioned declared to be unconstitutional. But wliat upon matters related to the Senate. then dressed by the Court. according to my the decision also did was togive extraor­ I would agree. l'ecollection. (Unary advantages to candidates who are Mr. MANSFIELD. Oh, yes, it would be It reads: either incumbents or independently There is established a commission to be wealthy or who have the support of well with reference to the Senate. known as the Federal Election Commission. organized, well financed special interest Mr. BROCE:. Mr. President. wlll the composed of the Secretary of the Senate and political action groups, such as the AFL­ Senator yield for a question? the Clerk of the House of Representatives ex CIO's COPE. These· Individuals ahd Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes, indeed. officio, Without the right to vote, and of six groups can spend unlimited funds in members appOinted Rl.l follows: Mr. BROCK. Was tllel'e any considera­ suPport of their own candidacies or of tion of minority representation in this And then the appointing provision is candidates they favor whereas non­ addendum to the Commission in an ex the part the Court struck down because incumbent candidates who.are of modest omcio capacity? Congress retained a part of the power of means or who do not have the support of Mr. MANSFIELD. It was stated in the appointment. . well financed political action groups are law that the clerk of the House and the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Pl'esident, if the subject. in that ftmdraising, to the limi- IIlurch 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6707 tations' on contJ."ibutionsthat survived MONEY AND SANCTllllONY arbiters of the polltical culture, It Is not sur­ the supreme COUl"t'S, i'Uling. We donot recall ever sharing the general prising that most of the candidates supinely mugWlmip enthusiasm for John Gardner, yielded to Gardner's snooping. Some of them I submilHhat this creates enormous seemed positively exhllarated to show how inequities that this body ought to cope certa,inly not since that day long ago when in this side of an hour we read his mediocre Ilttle or how much they had. Sensing political with, and. I intend latel' to··offer an book on Excellence. From the moment, more­ hay, Fred Harris and Sargent Shriver breath­ amendment which will have the effect of over, wheIl; in upperclass living rooms across lessly promised Common Catlse almost more raising those limitations so that chal-. the, country; he launched Cornmon Cause, than it asked. Of course, several of the can­ lengers may have the opportunity to there were other indications that presump­ didates seem to concede that they are easily raise the kind of seed money that 'alone tion would be his badge: demonstrably, he corruptible. In response to an environmental had come to beHeve in his own' credentials group's Inquiry, they answered that they can assure them of a decent start in an would not take contributions. from Oil com­ uph1l1 fight. as a keeper of pUbllc morals, though rather pany executives, Do they trust themselves so Mr. President, I would like the RECORD In the eldering way of people who, proclaim­ ing themselves servants of God, insist also little? to include the statement that I made be­ that they are "humble." Watergate was made There is, of course, some continuum be­ fore the Committee on Rules and Admin­ for the likes of Gardner: at least it gave his tween the publlc and the private llfe. llut istration, and l.ask unanimous consent unfocused enterprise a new lease on life-and when the dividing lines are eroded, we all that that statement be printed at the a purpose. There is llttle so frantic, after all, suffer: the politicians, their famllles and us. conclusion of my remarks. as a democracy in one of its periodic fits of That Lypdon Johnson had the American The PRESIDING' OFFICER. Without self-righteousness, and Gardner was able to people eyeing his post-operative scars was his objection, itis so ordered. channel the rage for some orderly purgative grotesque way of beIng Intimate with the into legislation, popular initiatives, and­ millions. Yet anyone who knows children of (See exhibit 1.) we now learn-detailed codes. of campaign pol1tlcians must be aware of the price they Mr. BUCKLEY. What we have here, behaVior to which his custodial army would pay for the glare that 1I1umlnes nothing im­ Mr. President; is an attempt to salvage try tCl hold aspirants for' political office. portant, The breakdown of the private sphere to extends to the whole citizenry: 'if we claim legislation that was ill-advised begin Gardner's greatest legislative accompllsh­ the right to know the tax returns, the med­ with.. ment Is the monstrously arcane campaign Ical bUlletins, the psychiatric 'histories of It is legislation. that '. the Congress financing law whose constltutlonallty Is now government officials, we shOUld not· be adopted in a. state of near panic in the being tested before the Supreme. Court. stunned when they do not respect· our pri­ wake of the Watergate scandals. I think Passed in the shadow of Nixon's worst per­ vacy, when they violate it as our refonners it is very relevant that a majority of the fidies, the law has nearly everyone at least a claim the right to violate theirs. In the end bit apprehensive that the passion for. reform we wiil get what we deserve: polltlclans with­ members of the Watergate Committee may have led congress to infringe on the first out private lives or private feelingS, men and felt that the provisions of the' so-called amendment gual'antees of free expression. women, as the Austrian novelist Robert Musil reform legislation adopted in 1974 were None of this, however. has diminished the put·It, wholly "without qualltles." so off target that, they voted· against polltlcal clout of Gardner's mission. A fort­ Common Cause Is not alone In the business them. night ago, his organization announced that of scrutinizing the personal Uves. of'the can­ Mr. President, in the immortal words all but twci of the horde now running for didates. Jack Anderson has asked them all to President had pledged themselves to abide submit to him both a current medical report of the senior Senator from Rhode Island, by rules that are either so vague as to be we ran like rats in the wake of Water­ and the last five years of their tax returns, meaning-less, soobvlous as to be redundant, He has not, to our knOWledge, imputed wrong gate-is that a correct statement? or so onerous as to make you wonder why to those who refuse, as Common Cause has Mr. PASTORE. No. The statement was any dlgnlfled person would think of com­ done with its two recalcitrants. But the edi­ we created a monster and we ran like plying at all. It IS the last category which tors of the sUck New Times have done It for scared rats; . concerns us. Anderson. "Failure to comply" with his re­ Mr. BUCKLEY. Scared rats. Thank , The contenders promise to make "public quest, they say in theIr issue of January 9, B. statement of personal financial holdings, "may raise more interesting questions than you. inclUding assets and debts, sources of In­ those that surface in the tax returns and I totally agree with his estimation of come, honoraria, gifts and other· financial health reports themSelves." This Ispruricnt the sUuatiou' and we ran as scared-­ transactions over $1000. covering. candidate, vigilantism. Gardner was predictably more OFFICE~. spouse and dependent children." What right del1cate with his threats: "The publlc wlll The PRESIDING The time does John Gardner have to Information want to know whether these two candidates of the Senator has expired. about. the earnings of a candidate's teenage disagree with the standards or cannot llve Mr: BUCltLEY. Ms)' I· have 1 more chlld,or a legacy left to a spouse by a rich with them pollt1cally.. ~ partiCUlarly the re­ minute? . aunt? Or for that. matter even to Informa­ quirement for public disclosure of personal Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, I yield the tion about tlle personal debts of a candldate?­ financial holdings. One of the two who has Senator 1 more minute. . How does it help the pubUc understalid a not signed on Gardner's dotted Hne is Ronald campaign or judge a record? And why should Reagan, though his spokesman assUl"ed Th~ Mr. BUCKLEY. We ran like scared the foot that an indiVidual aspires to or holda New York Times that the candidate "Cl'.n rats in part as a result of the enormous oMce imply obligations upon his family to probably agree with all these points." Eugene campaign launched by Common Cause. tell a11-or anything for tha.t matter_spe­ McCarthy, the other candidate out of step, Mr. President, for the edification of cially to reveal what only yesterday we has not himself responded either to Anderson our colleagues I offer for the RECORD an thought legitimately to be private, even in­ or to Common Cause; but he did tell the editorial on John Gardner and Common violate? A recent ugly Instance of this Is the Gridiron dinner that he had received an In­ Cause that appeared in the New Republic assumption that Mrs. Marlon Javlts had no quiry from a religious group that amounted right to a job of her own choice because her to a request for "transcripts, If not tapes, of in the January 31, 1976 issue. To give husband is an Influential senator. my confessions over the last 10 years." This you the fiavor, I will merely read one On the evidence of the past, there is not is, we suppose, his way of answering. His sentence:' even the sparsest argument that can be made campaign manager, however, wrote Gardner From the moment, moreover, When, In for a genuine pUbllc interest In the Informa­ directly, not fellcltously but expressing a sen­ upperclass living rooms across the country, tion that is being demanded. The corrupt, timent with which 'we fully sympathize. he launched Common Cause, there were moreover, wlll lie; and those who tell the "Take your enclosed standards and stnff other Indications that presumption woUld be them In your ear." his badge: demonstrably, he had come to be­ truth wlll have contributed one more digres­ lieve in his own credentials as a keeper of sion from the crucial substance of political publ19 morals, though rather in ~he elderlng debate, which should be how we are to be governed. In our day, however, personal ex­ EXHmIT 1 way of people who, proclaiming themselves STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES L. BeCKLEY. A U.S. servants of God. lusist also that they are posure and revelation have displaced serious "humble." exposition and analysis as the favored mode SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK of public discourse. The press certainly Is Benator BUCKLEY. Thank you, Mr. Chair­ I ask unanimous cousent that that edi­ more Interested in the insignificant but per­ man. I welcome the opportunity to discuss torial be pIinted at this pOint in the haps sca.brous aspects of a publlc person's my b1l1, which was introduced yesterday. RE.CORD~ life than in what the life stands for and has It is now 2¥,z weeks since the Supreme Court There being no objection, the edit<>r1al served. This is why "the search and destroy handed down its decision, and since then a was ordered to be pl'lntedin the RECORD, operation" Is now standard fare in our best number of bUls have been Introduced more as follows: newspapen. Given this temper among the or less as emergency measures that are in- 6708 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·SENATE, Maich16,,1976

tended to deal with only the most obvious raise the money necessary to launch suc­ visions, it Is simply irrational to suppose of the gaps left by the decision. cessful campaigns. Any possib1lIty of abuse that any candidate. for natIonal 0llicew1ll None ot these measures, I submit, addresses will, In our opinion, be checked by the effec­ be infiuenced by. a $100 contrIbution, let the fUll range of problellUl created by the tive enforcement of the dL~closure provi­ alone an $11 contrIbutIon. The only possible Supreme Court decision, especially in con­ sIons. effect of the· current provisIon is to dis­ gressional races. I would at this time point out that un­ courage contributions by individuals reluc­ We need to do substantially more than less we substantially raise the limits on in­ tant to be Identlfled With minor parties or simply reconstitute the Federal Election divIdual contributions. candidates for COn­ unpopUlar causes. It does not in any way Commission so that public subsidies may gress runnng thi::> year will face the danger affect the problem of corruption in pUbliC continue to fiow to Presidential candidates. of losing substantIal control over their own ollice. Our ,bill would substantially lighten The Supreme Court's elimination of limits campaigns. The $1,000 and $5,000 contribu­ the current reCOrdkeeping burden by Umit­ on individual spending has accentuated the tion Umltations will no longer keep indivId­ Ing such records to contrIbutions in excess Inequities already Ingrained in the Federal uals on poUtical commIttees from spendIng of $100. Election Campaign Act. The}', too, must be as much as they want on behalf of candi­ It Is just as irratIonal to assume' that addressed on an urgent basis. dates they want to support. It w111 merely candidates for national ollice could be bribed FlnaIIy, there Is broad agreement, based on prevent them from coordinating their ex­ by the $101 contributIons· that must now actual experience with the act, that a num­ penditures with the candidate's campaIgn. be reported. The amount of money required ber of its provisions are unwieldly and un­ In other words, each one of us runnIng for to have a corruptive Influence on a candi­ dUly burdensome. These can easily be cor­ office this year could see chaos In their pro­ date for political ollice depends on the rela­ rected at this tilne if only we will take the motion of a singe cause. tive size of the contrIbution to the overall trouble to do So. 2. THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION financial requirements of the ,campaign. In Yesterday, Congressman William Steiger Aside from the fact that the Supreme order to ameliorate the effect ot disclosure of Wisconsin and I Introduced In our respec­ Court has found the method of appointing provisIons on public participationIn a cam. tive Houses a blIltpat wUl restructure the the Federal ElectIon CommissIon to be un­ palgn, our b111 would adopt various dis­ Federal Election Qcim:mission along constltu­ constitutional, the CommIssion in practice closure thresholds which would be calibrated tlonallines, r!lallo(i~teIts responslbllltlesin a has been found to rellect all the deficiencies to the ollice sought. Specifically we would more elliclentmalmer, adjust some of the that are to be found In too many other agen­ establish those thresholds at $1:000 In the major ineqUities In the •law as It has sur­ cies that are clothed with very broad rule­ case of a candidate for the Presidency, $500 vived the Court's decision, and make certain in the case of a candidate for the Senate makIng and enforcement responsib1l1tles. th~ modlflcatlons that we believe will simplify Arbitrary and at times caprIcious requIre­ and $250 In the caSe of a candidate for the administration of the Federal 'Election ments Impose excessIve legal and bookkeep­ House of Representatives. And I hope that Campaign Act, as amended. In preparing our Ing costs on candidates wIthout serving any no one suggests that any of us could bo bill, we have consulted with our coplalntlffs apparent public service. We have also vested bought for lower lIums. In Buckley v. Valeo.OurbiIl represents a In the CommissIon extraordinarIly broad 4. 1II:ISCELLANEOUS.PROVISIONS consensus that cuts across partisan and Ideo­ powers over a most sensItive area of national The present rules appear unduly restric­ logical lines. It Is. the only b111 before this life. tIve With respect to contrIbutions to and committee that attempts to address all the from politIcal parties and commIttees. There major problllInsthat have. been precipitated I suppose there Is some sort of. poetic is also a great deal of uncertaIn~yas to what by the Suprepte.court's decision. justice In havIng Members of the Congress finally made subject to the. kInd of bureau­ constitutesaC,Clntrlbution to. a partIcular Our bill does. not seek to change features cratic harassment and. regulatory uncer­ candIdate.. Our.' btU. incorporates laliguage of the act, such as the public financing of which w111 (a) remo,ve some of the arbItrary Presidential campaigns, which the plaintiff's taintiesand costs to. Which the ,Congress routInely .has subjected so many others In restrIctions that.bavebeen placed on the In Buckley v. Valeo found objectionable. bU1i traditional. role. of parties .and'commIttees, Which •the· 8 preme· Court left standing. AmerIcan society. Nevertheless, our b11lseeks Rather, we. seek1l only to make those cor­ to remedy this sItuation by allowing the thereby broadening the· dIversIty of groups rections in the lawthat areurgently required functions currently delegated to the FEC to that cD.n have an Input on. the .electoral proc­ lIS a result of the Supreme Court's decision, be reallocated I:!etween a reconstituted com­ ess, and (b) provide 10rnece8sary statutory while correcting BOme of the widely noted mIssion and a new election law sectIon to be guIdelines for determinIng What constitutes defects hi the law that have become appar­ established in the Department of Justice. a contrIbution. ,Thls.Wi11serve to remove ent since Its enactment. Our bill.would vest the enforcement powers many of the uncertainties t1).a,t now exist ,in ~peclfi.c9'}IY, for the Federal election laws not With an the law, and wtU.· faQll1tate ~he conduct of our bill Is addl;essed to the indepe~dent following deficiencies: election czar, but with ap­ campaIgns as weU as the \vorl{ of the elec­ pointive ollicials within the traditional en­ tion law sectIon that would' be charged un­ I; THE INEQUITIES AMONG CANDIDATES forcement arm of the Federal Government. der our blIl wIth the enforcement of Fedem! The Supreme .Court's rejection of limita­ ,'l'lHlelection law sectIon wouldbe headed by election laws. , tlons. on expenditures by .candldates and In­ a Director and Deputy DIrector of different As I stated at the. out~et, the snp~eme depende~t Jndlvlduals and groups has dra­ political partIes Who would be appointed by matically magl1lfied the.inequities.that exist CO\U't's decisIon In BucktCll v. Valco'requires the PreSIdent, wIth the advIce and consent corrective action'that is significantly broad­ under. the law between. dIfferent clllSses of ot the S!lnate. They wOJ,lldserve for 4-year candidates.Onthe one ha.nd. wealthy candi­ er in scope than the reconstlt\ltlon of the terms and could be removed only for cause. Federal ,ElectIon Commission: IneqUities datel> or candidates having thesnpport of We believe. In short, that this mechanism well70rganized, well-financed politIcal action have been. magnified whIch the. Congress would inSUlate this sectIon from polItical must address If we are not to establish two groups, such as the AFL-CIO's Committee dIrection by an Incumbent President, on Political Education, can now spend un­ clallSes of candidates facIng .vastly different limited sums In the promotion of their can­ This arrangement would leave aUdit, re­ problems in financIng and launchingthei)' didacies. On the other hand, candidates view, and 'certificatIon responsIbl11tIes with polItical campaIgns. Flll'thermol'e, the fact without private .mealls or wIthout the sup­ the new Federal Election Commission while thllot some legIslative action is necessary at assigning the functions of enforcement, the port of such groups are limited to contrIbu­ this time provIdes us wIth a unique' op­ tions thl'l.t may not exceed $1,000 from Indi­ Issuance of advIsory opinIons, and the con­ portunity to corre.ct the deficIencies t,hat viduals pr $5,000 from political action com­ duct of civil and crIminal lItigation to the have been\videly noted, 'defiCiencies Which mIttees, In practice, this has provIded enor­ new electIon law section of the Justice De­ add materlaliy .to. the cost and complexity mOils handicaps in raising the kind of !Seed partment. This Is the more ·normal ari'ange­ of political campaigns without. servingmn' money that Is especiaIIy Important in 'ment, and we believe It represents better idEmtlfiable pUblic pl,lrpose. pollcy, launchIng the campaign of a candidate who The Ame,ricanpeople have a right to ex­ Is relativeiy UnkllQWn. 3. RECORDItEEPING AND DISCLPSURE pect tha~,we will \1tlllze.this opportunity to . Our b11l wlII help redress this imbalance The Ctlrrent disql9sure andlwokkeeping effect.soinething .. more . than incremental by raising the limitations on Individual and provisIons of the Federal ElectionCa~pa1gn changes Intended to pl'eserve the stat\iS quo. committee contrIbutions to the followIng Act Impose costs that cannot be. ,justified They have a rIght to expect their represellt­ levels: $50,000 in the cllSe of a PresIdential by any. consideratIon of public pollcr•. I atlves in Cohgress to' enact real· election re­ candidate, $25,000 In the case of Senatorial speak of the current requiremeIlts that a rec.­ form that wllI remove provisions whose net candidates, and $10,000' in the case of a ord be kept of each contrIbutor givIng ov~r effect is to protect the wealthy or special­ candidate for the House of RepresentatIves. $10 and that disclosure ,be made of each intere::;t candIdate frOln successful c1:Ial1enge, These limItations are high enough to enable contrIbution In excess Of $100. ,to Bay nothing of incmnhent Members of ml:ldle-"and .lower-Income candidates to With respect to the record~eeping pro- Congr!'ss. klatch 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6700 Itha.'ilkYott, Mr: ChalrIl1ll,ll. There haa been for choiCe. The effect of the bill before self-destruct prOVISIon were taken out. dlstrlbtiWd il'/synopsla of'the 'reglalatlon we us is to pervert that purpose. I have had time to review it, and I find In~roduced re~'terday. And I woUld be happy to ,answer any'questions you may have. . The effect of the amendment that we that all we would be doing would be to offer is to restore to the Commission its perpetuate the Commission into the un­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who basic, fundamental purpose, and that is foreseen future, and we would be giving yields time? its independence in the oversight of the them someunl1mited authority, giving The, Chair states, that, the Senator election process of these 50 states. I them a salary and operating expenses, f.rom Nevada has 11 minutes remaining think that tsa terribly impOrtant issue, and lettiilg them go on their way. and the Senatorfrom ~ennessee 4 min~ and I hope that:we will look upon it not I believe we need more clarification of utes remaining. . in partisan terms but in terms of our the'law. We need clarification with re­ Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I suggest responsibilities to the Republic and the spect to the bun Pac decision, which was the absence· of a quorum and ask that Constitution; because we have no right very unfair on the part of one side; and time be taken out of both sides: to advantage ourselves by device, by law, we have to keep these thingS in balance. Mr. BROCK. I ask that the Senator not by circumstance. When the Senator from Michigan re-' make'sucll l\ request. We only have 4 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time turns to the Chambel', if he renews his minutes remaining. of the Senator has expired. motion to eliminate section 3, which is Mr. CANNON. I withdraw the request. Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I want the self-destruct provision, that will be '!'he PRESIDING OFFICER. The re­ to be sure that my colleagues under­ contrary to the recommendations of his quest is witpdrawn. stand what. would be covered in this leader at the White House; because the President, himself, suggested that we~ Who yiel~s time? substitute. The Senator correctly stated that it have a self-destruct provision early next If nobody yields time, the clock will would simply extend the life of the Com­ year. I attended the meeting at which be charged equally'against both sides. mission; bilt we already have seen many that suggestion was made. Sdthatwe Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President,.1 sug­ instances in which we believe the Com­ then could look at it again in a calmer ge.st the absence of a quorum. mission had erred in the proposal of reg­ atmosphere and try to come up with a The PRESIDING OFFICER On whose ulations that they had'sent up here, in new bill. In any event, if the distinguished time? the interpretation of existing law, and Senator from Michigan wants,to oppose Mr. PASTORE. Charged to both sides. many other areas. his President and moves to eliminate sec­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The initial proposal, the substitute tion 3 from the bill, I am inclined to go objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will that has been presented here, simply along with him on that point at present. call the roll. would let the Commission go on until I see that the Senator has returned to The second assistant legislative clerk December' 31, 1976, at which time there the Chamber. I will be glad to yield some proceeded to cal' the roll. is a self-destruct provision. If all the bad time to him, if he desires, within the very features suggested by the Senator are in few minutes I have remaining, inasmuch Mr. Bi;wCK. Mr,. President, 1 ask this bill which the Rules Committee has as tl],e time of the minority has expired. unanimous consent that the order for the reported, I do not know why he would quorum call be rescinded. I recapitulate, for the benefit of the want to self-destruct his proposal as of Senator from Michigan; I have just The PRESIDllifG OFFICER. Without the end of December 1976, because then objec~ion,itis so ordered. stated that if the Senator from Michigan we would be back to where we had to desires to oppose his leader, the Presi­ Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, we are write a new bill and come to the floor of dent, who recommended that we have a some 11 minutes shy of a vote on the the senate and go all over again. pending amendment, and I shall just self-destruct provision, and to look at We have already seen to some degree this bill in a calmer atmosphere early summarize very quickly the arguments of how this bill works. So the only thing we the proponents. next year, I will not object if he moves woUld be doihg by making a straight pro­ to strike section 3, the self-destruct pro­ It is IllY very strbng feeling that the de~ vision ofit in ihis bill, a. straight vision, from his substitute. bill, as presented to us by the Committee struct, until the end of December 1976, on Rules and Administration, asI said would be, to say that the Presidential Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, while I earlier, was something more than an ex­ candidates could go on their merry way, will not accept the characterization of tension bill, and yet that is the way it has qualifying to get the money out of the the Senator from Nevada, I am glad that been presented. It is, in fact, a Christ­ Federal funds to carry out their cam­ he has changed ilis position and will co- mas tree, designed to advantage certam operate to that extent. . paigrts. very important groups of high privilege Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ and great political power in this country. vie already have found some bad fea­ tures; and I am going to propose an sent that section 3 of the substitute be It is designe(j .to disadvantage certain stricken. other, groups,. but more than anything amendment to the bill reported by the else, because those are not the points of Rules Committee, if the Senator's sub­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is· there ,contention, the bill as presented to us is stitute is defeated, to make sure that we objection? The Chair hears none, and it a bill to destroy the independence of the cannot have such a proliferation of can­ is so ordered. Federal Election Commission, to pervert diates for national office running around Mr. BROCK. Section 3, on page 4. its basic purpose and to reconstitute the the country at taxpayers' expense when The PRESIDING OFFICER. The good old days where the Senate and they have absolutely no chance of being amend_nent will be so modified. House of Representatives were the judge viable candidates. Mr. CANNON. I take it that We are all of their own election proC:l::JS and no one Mr. BROCK. As long as the Senator talking about the same one, inasmuch as else. The whole reason we got into this we had two earlier. fight for reform some several years ago understands they are all his. [Laughter.] was to set uP'a commission whose inde­ Mr. CANNON. After another primary Mr. President, I yield 2 minutes to the pendence was unquestionable from either or two, there may be some of both. At SenatDr from Iowa. this body or the other body. least, right now, I would say that perhaps Mr. CLARK. I thank the Senator. The purpose was to allow the American they are mostly on this side. Mr. President, I simply wish to speak people fln opportunity to conduct an In any event, I hope the SenateI' will during the last minute or two that we election for representation with assur­ support me in that. have before the vote. ' an~ tlli\.t there would not be an incum­ I objected earlier to the request of the I commend the distirikuished floor bent.guarantee, that the incumbent Senator from Michigan to modify his manager of ~he bill, Senator CANNON, for WOUld, have available to him no more and amendment by eliminating the self­ the outstanding job he has done in bring­ no less than the challenger, so that the destruct provision principle, because I ing this mUch-needed attention to the people could have an honest opportunity did not know what would occur if the floor of the Senate. I hope we will be able 6710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE kla)'ch 16, 1976 t<> pass S. 3065 in the near future, and BUSINESS-RELATED COMMITTEES gressional candidates between sepj;en}J;lel' 1, it certainly appears that we will. Almost 75 percent of the 242 new commit­ 1973 and December 31, 1974. Candidates in No one can dispute the urgent need tees have been formed by business-related ]974 provided an additional $6.2 mUlion of interests, according to the stUdy. One hun­ their o"wn money. for a reconstitution of the Federal Elec­ dred and seven corporations and 22 banks Of the $12.5 million in int.erest group con­ tion Commission, so that the adminis­ have established new political committees tributions in 1974, labor organiZations ac­ tration and enforcement of the law can in the last year, more than dOUbling the num­ counted for $6.3 million, and business and continue without disruption. But S. 3065 ber of corporations and banks 'vith regis­ professional groups accounted for $4.8 mil­ does more than simply reconstitute the tered committees prior to the 1974 elections. lion. (See Appendix C.) These figures do not Commission, and that is what the pend­ Seventeen oil companies have registered po­ refiect the amount of money spent by labor ing amendment is all about. It establishes litical action committees for the first time, and other organizations in communicating strict new limits on the proliferation of including Atlantic Richfield Co., Cities Serv­ with their own members and in conducting Ice Co., Standard 011 of California, Standard nonpartisan voter registration and get out so-called political action committees Oil of Ohio, Sun 011 Co. and Texaco. Prior to the vote drives. Such expenditures are flOt which are set up by special interest the 1974 elections, only one 011 company, campaign expenditures within the meaning groups, both business and labor, to fun­ Union 011 of California, had registered a po­ <>f the federal law and the total amounts nel money 1<> candidates. Certainly, if litical committee. Involved in these activities are not known. we adopt the pending substitute, we wll1 Eight steel companies have registered funds The stUdy also revealed that individuals be ignoring that problem. for the first time, including ARMCO Steel with business or professional occupations Mr. President, I should like to have Co., Lykes-Youngstown, National Steel Corp., accounted for $18.4 million given by indi­ viduals to 1974 Congressional candidates in printed at this point in the RECORD some RepUblic Steel Corp. and U.S. Steel. material which was prepared,by Com­ J;'our major aerospace corporations-Grum­ amounts of $500 or more. This included $13.6 man Corp., Lockheed Aircraft Corp., McDon­ million from businessmen, $2.6 mlllion from mon Cause. It dramatically 11lustrates nell Douglas Corp. and United 'L'echnologies attorneys and $580.000 from individual doc­ the massive special interest contribution (formerly United Aircraft) have also regis­ tors. (See AppendiX B for breakdown.) The and proliferation of committees that al­ tered committees for the first time. Common Cause figures are based on au anal­ ready has taken place. I ask unanimous Other major corporations registering new ysis of occupation and employer information' consent 1<> have this material printed in political committees include American Ex­ required to be listed by candidates on cam­ the RECORD. press Co., Bristol-Myers Co., Continental Can paign finance reports. They l'epresent the first comprehensive analysis ever done of the oc­ There being no objection, the material Co., Dow CIlCmical Co., Litton Industries, cupation of individual contributors to Con­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Montgomery Ward & Co., Pan American Air­ lines, Pepsico Inc., R. J. Reynolds Industries gressional races. as follows: and Sears, Roebuck & Co. "These findings again strongly demonstrate [News release from Common Cause, 'Nash­ The remaining 25 percent of the new com­ the need for Congressional public financing," ington, D.C., Mar. 10, 1976} mittees registering were sponsored by labor Wertheimer said. "They 'show a strong reli­ SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS ACCUMULATE $16.4 organizations and miscellaneous groups. Most ance by candidates on larger gifts and spe­ MILLION ,FOR 1976 POLrrICAL CAMPAIGNS, Up of the 36 newly registered labor-related po­ cial interest contributions. Public, financing MORE THAN 40 PERCENT OVER SIMILAR PE­ litical committees represent additional com­ prOVides candidates with an alternative RIOD IN 1974, COMMON CAUSE STUDY REVEALS choice for their elections-an, alternative mittees formed by labor unions which al­ based on le8.9 special Interest del'endence, Special interest groups have accumulated ready had one or more political committees smaller private contributions, and greater $16.4 million for the 1976 polltical cam­ prior to "the 1974 elections. The Communica­ paigns, according to a new study released tion Workers of America, for example, regis­ citizen Involvement." by Common Cause. The $16.4 million politi­ tered 12 additional committees, and the Ma­ Earlier Common Cause studies have dem­ cal war chest--cash on iland as of January chinists registered four additional commit­ onstrated that In the absence of public fi­ nancing, incumbents in, Congress have con­ 1976-represents an increase of more than tees. sistently outralsed and, outspent their chal­ 40 percent over the $11.7 million held by "Comprehensive pUbllc financing for the lengers by an average of two to one, regard­ interest groups at a similar early stage of 1976 Presidential electiojlS assures that the less of political party affiliation; Wertheimer the 1974 elections (February 28, 1974), the great bulk of all Interest group contributions said. " , study revealed. in 1976-new or old, business or labor, medi­ According to the latest stUdy the largest "The $16.4 figure doesn't even begin to tell calor dairy_re destined for the Congres­ individual interest group contributors to the story," according to Fred Wertheimer, sional races," Wertheimer said. "These de­ 1974 Congressional candidates were tlie po­ Common Cause Vice President and Director velopments present one of the most com­ litical funds of the American Medical Asso­ of its Campaign Finance Monitoring Project. pelling cases yet made on the need for Con­ ciation, $1,462,972; the AFL-CIO. $1,178,638; "In one of the most signlfi')ant developments gressional public financing." the 'UAW, $843,938; the maritime unions, since the passage of the 1974 campaign fi­ "They also demonstrate that It Is essential $738,314; the Machinists, $470,353; and finan­ nance law, 242 new political giving commit­ for Congress to make clear that an organiza­ cial institutions, $438,428.' (see Appendix C.) tees have been established by' special interest tion cannot set up a number of political Of the individual businessmen and profes­ groups during the past year.'" (see Appendix committees and thereby render meaningless sionals who gave ~n8.4 million to 1974 Con­ A for complete list.) "Most of these new In­ the $5,000 ,limit on what an organization'S gressional candidates In amounts of $500 or terest group committees have Just begun political committee can give to.a candidate. more, $2.5 mlllion came from individuals in their drive to accumulate funds for the 1976 The need ,for this 'antlprollferation' legisla­ the construction and real estate industry, elections. This means that many millions of tion Is strikingly demonstrated by Just two $2.3 million came from individuals in the fi­ additional political dollars '11'111 be raised by cases," Wertlleimer said. "During the period nancial industry and $1.7 million came from the new committees In the months ahead," from October-December 1975, Dow Chemical individuals associated with Oil' gas, 01' other Wertheimer said. Co. registered seven new political commit­ natural j'eSCl'l1rCe industries. (See Appen­ According to the study, the 242 new com­ tees. During the period from August-Decem­ dix B.) mittees now constitute thirty percent of all ber 1975 the Communication Workers of ~976 I'UNDS ON HANI) interest group committees registered under America registered 12 new committees. The Busines::; and professlonalillterest gI'oUPS bl1ls to reconstitute the Federal Election the federal law. The cash the new committees accounted for $8.8 mUlioncash on hand as have accumulated at this stage, however, Commission pending in 'the House and Sen­ of January 1976, compared to $6.6 million amounts to only six percent of the $16.4 mil­ ate contain clear 'anti-proliferation' provi­ prganization!!-:(s~e sions," Wertheimer said. beld by labOr App\lndix lion total funds accumulated by all Interest D.) The $8.8 ~ilUontotal incl}ldCll $3 mil­ group committees. SP£:CIA't. INTEREST AND LARGE GIVERS IN 1974 lion held by business groups, $2.7 million by , The new committees so far"have raised only CONGRESSIONAL RACES agriCUlture and dairy grollPS and $2.5 mil­ $978,000 with $496,000 accumulated by just The Common Cause stUdy also revealed lion. held by health groups: In early. 1974 one group, a new committee connected with that $35 million in campaign contributions dairy groups also had $2.1 million, cash en the American Trial Lawyers Association. to 1974 Congressional candidates came from hand but wound up !,livlng'0l11Y$361,OOO to The stUdy notes that the huge difference large individual givers ($500 or more) and 1974 Congressional candidates. ~'Dairy grOi.lps between funds available for all committees special Interest groups. The $35 million to. had a very difficult. time during that Water­ rmd those available for new committees will tal-$22.5 million from individuals who gave gate period getting candidate::; to accept 'their change dramatiCally over the course of 1976. $500 or more and $12.5 mUlion from special contributions. It is not clear that this pat­ as the new committees carry out their Initial interest groups-represent::; over 40 percent tern will be repeated in 1976,"Wertheimer fundraising drives. of the $83.5 million contributed to 1974 Con- said, Man;h 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6711 Labor organizations have on hand $1.6 mil­ Hallibmton Co. Gerber Products Co. lion more'than the. $5 mlllion they had at Houston Oil & Minerals Corp. Natl. Broiler Council a. simllarstage in 1974. In addition. the Marathon Oil Co. Pillsbury Co. AFL-

Health (14) Building and Construction Trades (4): Pan Am Chap Flight Eng. IntI. Assn. American Dental Association (9): ·Carpenters-Callfornla Teamsters, Independent (2): "Am. Dental Assn.; IdahO 'Electrlcal Workers (IBEW) -Iowa ·Teamsters, Independent (AL) "Am. Dental Assn., DUnois 'Electrlcal Workers (mE\'V) -Conn. 'Teamsters, Independent (IN) • Am. Dental Assn., Indiana 'Laborers #850-ohio Miscellaneous Labor (14) : •Am. Dental Assn., Kansas Government (1): 'Communicatlons Workers (1:1) "Am. Dental Assn., Louisiana. Letter Carriers 'Hospital & Health Care, Natl. . "Am. Dental Assn.,1\faine Industrial (5): 'Hospltal & Health Care Dlst. 1199C (P.\) •Am. Dental Assn., Minnesota AFL-CIO Affiliated (4)­ • Am. Dental Assn., Nebraska. 'Machinists #146-Texlls UisceZlaneous (8) • Am. Dental Assn., Wyoming • Machinists-Washington National Education Association (3): Miscellaneous Health (5): "Machinists-Wisconsin Natl. Educ. Assn. (1\U) (Saginaw) Assn. of Am. Physicians & Surgeons "Machinists Dist. lo-Wisconsln Nat!. Educ. Assn. (NC) Group Practice Pol. Corom. (VA) United Auto Workers, Independent (1): Natl. Educ. Assn. (OK) Group P. Corom. (TX) ·Unlted Auto Workers, Independent Other (3): New Jersey Health Group (Grtr. Flint) Gun Owners of Am. Oregon Health Group Service (5): Nat!. Women's Pol. Caucus Labor (36) 'Meatcutters #525 (NC) Nat!. Right to Work Cornm. AFL-ClO (4): 'Retail Clerks #428 (CA) IdeologIcal (4) • AFL-CIO, Connecticut (senate Camp.) 'Retail Clerks #400 (MO) Conservative CoaUtion of Iowa 'North Caro, Southern Piedmont 'Retail Clerks #1393 (PA) Natl. Conservative PAO 'North Caro, (Nash-Edgecombe-Wilson Ut1llty Workers Corom. for a New Majority/Freedom 01 Cnty.) Transportation (2): Choice, Inc. . "AFL-CIO, Ohio (Franklin Cnty.) Amr.lgamllted Transit Union Fund for a Repres. Congress, Inc.

APPENDIX B INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS Of $500 OR MORE TO 1974 CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATES BROKEN DOWN BY OCCUPATION OF CONTRIBUTOR ------". ---._- Occupation Housa Senate Tolal Occupatlon Housa Senala Total

Aftricullure ___ ---_.------_._----_.------. $424,857 $291,988 $716,845 Doctors__ •••__•••_••_•••___ ••_•••_. _._.___ •• $350,ll11 $228,685 $578,795 01 , gas, and olher natural resources•••_•••••••_ 688,697 993,923 1,682,620 Altomeys ____ "__ •••••__ ••_._•••_•••_._. __ ••• 1,123,019 1,528,809 2,651,828 Conslruction/real oslalo••__•____••_••_. ____ 1,270,461 1,197,190 2,467,651 Other professionals. __ ••••_•••_••_••• _. ______• 793,369 131,126 226,909 358,035 774,606 1,557,975 JI:~~fa~~:i~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 808,345 831,550 1,639,895 Professlonal••••_•• __ ••_._ •_____ .__ ...• 2,266,491 2, 532, 100 4, 798,598 331,177 379,941 711,118 Business!professionallolal•••••__ •• ____ • S, 721, 827 9,689,3811 rnavne~~Jeni3::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 429,953 583,530 1,013,483 18, 411,207 Insurance. ______... __ .... ___ .... ____ .... __ ...... _.. 225,077 339,756 564,833 Housewlfe._. __ •__ •__ •____ ••_. ___ •• _•••___ ._. 485,982 779,352 1,265,334 Retired._••__ ••••__ •••__ ._._.__ •___ •_•••_••• 411,183 584,113 ~5,991i Financial induslry•••_._....___ ••_••_. __ 986,207 1,303,227 2,289,434 Others•••_•••••___••_. __ •__•••••••••__ •_. ___ 1,262,508 542, 566 Gan eral business••_. __._•••__ ••_. _•• __ •••_••• 2, 145, 636 2, 31Z, 493 4,458,129 1. 805,074 Miscellaneous 10IaL•••••_•••_. __ •__ •__ • 2,159,673 1,906, 731 Business tOlaL•••••• __ •______•••_•••• 6,455,329 7,157,280 13,612,609 4,066, 404 Grand lolal••_ •••___._._.____ • _____ 10,881.500 11,596,111 n. 477, 611 Source: Campaign finance monitorIng project by Common Cause 1976.

ApPENDIX: C APPENDIX D SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP POLITICAL Special interest group political committees CoMMlTTEES (Oash on hand, December 31,1975J Total contributions to 1974 congressional Business!Professional: , candIdates Business $3,055,494 Busilless/Profesaional: Agriculture & Datry______2,692,794 Business $2,506,946 Health 2,542,933 Agriculture and Dairy______361,040 Lawyers --______514,638 lIealth._. 1,936.487 Total _ 8,805,859 Total 4,804,473 Labor _ Labor _ Miscellaneous • _ 6,600.237 6,315,488 Ideological _ 678,263 Miscellaneous _ 682,215 332,734 Ideological _~ _ 723,410 Total interest group com- ---- Total interest group mittees 12,525,586 committees 16,417,093 I ndiviclual Interest groups largest contribu. IndicidllaZ interest groups with most /1I11els tors to 1974 congressional candidates available, December 31, 1975 1. American Medical Assns $1,462,972 1. Associated MllkProducers, 2. AFL-CIO COPEs______1,178.638 Inc $1,811,702 3. lJAVV 843,938 2. American MedIcal Assn______1,616,978 4. Maritime Unions______738,314 3. Maritime Unlons______1,347,332 5. Machinists 470,353 4. UAW 988,652 6. Financial Instltutions______438,428 5. Financial Instltutlons______635,765 7. National Education Assns___ 398,991 6. American Dental Assn______612,792 8. Steelworkers 361,225 7. Trial Lawyers______496,578 9. RetaIl Clerks______291,065 8. National Education Assn____ 487,465 10. BIPAC (National Assn. or 9. Steelworkers 465,791 Mfrs.) 272,000 10. Transportation Union (UTU) 411,705 11. National Assn. of Realtors___ 260,870 11. Natl. Assn. of Realtors______375,870 Source: Campaign Finance· Monitoring Source: Campaign Fir..ance Monitoring Project, © by Common Cause 1976. Project, copyright by Common Cause 1976. lI1co'ch16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6713 CAMPAIGN FUND OF SPECIAL INTEREST AND POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES CASH ON HAND AS OF DECEMBER 31,1975, SUMMARY BY COMMITTEE

BUSINESS

Affiliation or interest C01nrnittec nam.e Aerospace: Closing cash 'Grumman Corp. Grumman PAC . ______$0 Hughes Aircraft Corp. Hughes Act Citizenship Fund______38,591 *·Lockheed Aircril.ft Corp. Lockheed GGovt Prog______0 LTV Aerospace Corp/Vought Corp. LTV Aero Corp Act Citizenship Comlll______21,128 'McDonneli Douglas Corp. McDonnell Douglas GGovt Fund______0 'United Technologies Corp. United Technologies Corp PAC______0 Subtotal _ 59,719 Apparel: American Apparel Mfrs Assn. American Apparel Mfrs PAC _ 459 American Footwear Industries Assn. Footwear Industry PAC • 674 'Kellwood Co. Kellwood Co Empl PAC (KELLPAC) _ o Menswear Retailers of America. Menswear Pub Aff Comm _ 11,641 Subtotal ~ _ 12,774 Businessmen's groups: NA of Manufacturers Business-Industry PAC (BIPAC) _ 192,170 D. C. Businessmen DC Comm of Businessmen to assist Cong Cands _ 1,854 B~tslnessmen The Loose Group .------Georgia Delta Fund _ 5,934 Mississippi Businessmen 1,902 Subtotal 201,360 Chemicals and metals: • AMAX Inc. AMAX Concerned Citizens Fund _ o .•Aluminum Co of America ALCOA Emp Pol Fund _ o Anaconda Concerned Citizens Fund _ •Anaconda Co. ARMPAC _ 6,302 • ARMCO Steel Corp. o 'Dow Chemical Co. Dow Eastern Emp PAC (OH) _ 1,415 'Dow Chemical Co. Dowell Emp PAC (DEPAC) (TX) _ 55 'Dow Chemical Co. Emp PAC Cent Reg Dow (EMPAC) (TX) _ 6,546 'Dow Chemical Co. Emp PAC of Govt Affairs, SE Region of Dow (LA) _ 760 'Dow Chemical Co. Health & Consumer Prod Emp PAC (IN) _ 608 'Dow Chemical Co. Midwest Area PAC (MI) _ 571 Western Dow Emp Comm for Free Enterprise (CA) _ 2,125 • FMC Corp. FMC GGovt Program _ o Kennecott Copper Corp. Kennecott Execs Citizenship Assn _ 14,723 • Lykes-Youngstown. Lykes-Youngstown PAC _ o NA of Chemical Distributors. Chemical Distributors PAC . _ o Olin Corp. Olin Exec Vol NP Pol Fund _ 28,937 • Phelps Dodge Corp. Phelps Dodge Emp for GGovt. _ o USS Emp GGovt Fund _ • U.S. Steel. o W.R.Grace&Co. Grace GGovt ComnL _ o Subtotal _ 62,042 Coal, oil and gas: • N/A Small Producers for Energy Independence PAC _ o • Atlantic Richfield Co. Atlantic Richfield Civic Act Fund _ o bituminous coal industry. Comm on Amer Leadership (COAL) _ 5.001 Consolidated Natural Gas Co. (PA). CONPAC, Pittsburgh _ 7,937 Consolidated Natural Gas Co. (NY & NJ) (9-30). Consolidated Vol NP Pol Fund _ 258 Consolidated Natural Gas Co. (WV). Consolidated Exec Vol NP Pol Fund _ 4,527 East Ohio Gas Co. (sub. of Consol Nat Gas). East OhIo Gas Emp Vol GGovt Assn _ 5,185 • Enserch Corp. Enserch Emp Pol Support Assn _ o • Halliburton Co. Halliburton PAC (HALPAC) _ o Indiana Gas Co. Meridian Pub Aff Comm _ 9,04.1 • MAPCO Inc. (Oklahoma). MAPCO PAC _ o Nat! Council of Coal Lessors (8-31). Coal Landowners C0111n1 (VA) ---- .. --T------1,843 Natural Gas Retailers. Gas Employees PAC _ 3,700 Pacific Lighting Corp-natural gas. Pacific Ligl1ting Pol Assistance Comm _ 44,367 SEDCO PAC _ • SEDCO Inc, Dallas. 1,500 Skelly on Co PAC _ • Skelly 011 Co. o • Standard Oil Co (CA) (SOCAL). Chevron Comm for Pol Partlcip _ 14.735 • Standard Oil Co (OH) (SOHIO). Sohioans Civic Contrib Fund "_ o SU~AC _ • Sun Oil Co. 170 'Texaco Inc. Texaco Emp Pol involvernenL _ o 'Texas Eastern Transmission Corp. Texas Eastern PAC _ o 'Texas Gas Transmission Corp. Vol NP Pol Fund (Owensboro, Ky) _ 2,900 Union 011 Co of California. PoUtical Awarenness Fund _ 34,217 • Universal on Products Co. UOP Emp Pol Act Fund _ 4,504 Subtotal _ 139,965 Asterisk (.) denotes committee registering after January I, 1975. 6714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1ff(t,rcli 16, tt},l6

CAJIPAIGN' P'uNDS 01' Sl'ECtAL IN'Tza:Es1: AND POLrrICAL PARTY COMIIlI'I'IEES-Continued CASH ON R.~ND AS OP DrCEMBEa 31, 1975, SUMMARY BY C01.DrITTEE-Continued BUsItttss--contlnucd Afflliation or tntt!r~Jt Committee name Communications: Closing ca~h "California COmmunity TV Assn, California Cable TV PAC______1,809 Gen Tel & Electronics: California. General Tel Emp (California) GOovt Club _ 64. 5th) • Conn, GTE Stamford Emp OGovt Club _ 785 "nUnois, General Tel Co ot DIinois Emp GGovt Club _ G "Indiana. General Tel Emp GGovt Club (Indiana) _ 3,141 Hawaii Telephone Co (sub ot GTE) . Hawalian Tel Emp GGovt Club _ 14,386 Meredith Corp (IA)-publlshing. Meredith Corp Emp for Better OovL _ 16,265 TeleVision & Radio PAC (TARPAC) _ NA of Broadcasters. Natl Cable TV PAC _ 7,416 Natl Cable TV Assn. 10,084 Natl Telephone Coop Assn. Telephone Ed Comm Org (TECO) _ 2,917 Recording Industry of America. Recording Arts PAO _ 2,842 US Independent Te!ephone Assl\. Communications PAC (COMPAC) _ 6,662 Subtotal ______130,91a Construction: Architects & Consulting Engineer!'. Poi Comm for Design Professionals _ 1,685 A,3Soc BUilders & Contractora Ino. . Merit Shop Action Comm _ 9,463 •MooC Builders & Contraotors Ino, Mich. ABC Free Enterprise PAC _ o A3S0C General Contracto": National. Committee for Action (WA) • _ 90,681 Construction Action Comm _ Iowa. 7,681 :Michigan. Construction Industry Mgmt PAC _ 2,919 COns~otlon Industry PEC _ St. Louis (3-10, . 413 Missouri. AGC of at Louis Pol Comm _ Ohio Contractors PAC •_ 2,400 Ohio (6-30). 72 Assn tor Pol Ed in Constructlon _ Pennsylvania. Big 50 PAC _ 264 Texas (6-30). 5,796 Vermont. Vermont Construction Ind PAC _ 1,483 Black & Veatch GOovt Fund _ Black & Veatch. Brownbullders PAC _ 8,590 'Brown & Root. Construction EqUipment PAC _ o Construction Equipment Industry. 11,232 *N/A. Cons~ction Industry PAC (CIPAC) (TX) _ 3,801 Detroit Piping Ind PAC (PIPAC) _ Detroit Piping Industry. 1,446 General Portland Cement. Citizens for Representative Govt _ o NA of Home Builders. Builders Pol camp Comm(BPPC) _ NLI Testimonial Dinner Comtn _ 3,982 "Nat! Limestone Institute Inc. 430 "Metal Building Industry. Metal Building IndUStry PAC .:._ SM & AC Contractors Assn. Sheet Metal & Air Cond Contr Pol Comm _ 19,124 Snbtotal -______171,477 Eiectronics: Oeneral Electric Co, Conn. Non-Partisan Pol Support Comm, Conn _ 28,968 Non-Partisan Pol COIDm of Mass _ General Electric Co, Mass. 792 "Watkins-Johnson Co, Palo Aito CA. Watkins.Johnson PAC _ o Subtotal . _ 29,760 li'inc/.1lciallnstltntions-A. CommerctcI18anks 1. Political Action Committees: Banking Pl'Ofessioll P.A,C (BiI.NKPAC) _ Am banking interests. Arizona Bankers PAC _ 85,271 "Arizona bankers. CALBANK-FED PAC _ o Ca11fornia bankers. o Florida Bankers PAC _ 5,159 Florida bankers. Indiana Bankers PAC _ Indiana bankers (1/10/76). Kansas Bankers PAC _ 20,988 Kansas bankers. 6,117 LOUisiana Bankers PAC _ 2,785 'Louisiana bankers. Minnesota Bankers PAC _ Minnesota bankers. 13,631 Pennsylvania bankel'~_ Pennsylvania Bankers Pub Air Acom _ 17,100 Texas bankers. BALLOT-Bankers Leg Lg ot Texas _ 14,441 \Vash!ngton bankers. Washington Bankers PAC _ 146 Subtotal 165,638 2. Commercial banks: Hoosier Govt Comm (Indianapolis) -- " _ Am Fletcher corp (IN). Associates Elnployees PAC _ 23, 778 Associates Management Corp (IN) (IJ-Sil). o "Bank of Everett (WA). Bank of Everett Vol PAC (BEVPAC) _ o Special Pol Ed Comm (Honolulu) _ [) "Bank of Hawaii. Fund for OOovt (New York) _ Chemical Bank (NY). o "Crocker Bank (CA). Crocker Indiv Vol Inv in Cit (CIVIC) _ o 'CT&BBancshares (OA). COUllll tor Quality Govt-F (Columbus) ~ _ 398 1200 Committee (Philadelphia) _ 'Fidelity Bank (PA) . 612 First Bank System Inc (MN). First Bk S)'st Minll GOovt Camm _ 1,808 First Bank System Inc (NO). Fint Bk Syst ND OOovt Comm " _ 68 1l1atch 16,1976- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-'SENATE 67l:i dAMP&rG:r·J.!'uHDs 01' 8PECLUo 1RTnEST AND POLITIC.U. P.~'rY COMMITTEES-contlnue4 dASil ON' HAND AS 01' DEcnma 81. 1975, SUMMARY BY COM1IIITTEE-Continued DVSnTEs3-Continued .. Committee name Closing ca,,11 First Bk S)'st SO GGovt Prog______0 First Ba.nk Systems Inc (SD). Nat! GGovt Fund (Houston) .___ $225 'FirstOlty National Blmk. Houst{)D, (TX). 'First IntI Bancshares, Inc (TX). First IntI Bancshares Good Govt Fund______0 FNBA GGovt Comm______0 "First Natl Bank, Arizona. Fund for Better Govt (Atlanta) ..:______69· FIrst Natl Bank of Atlanta. Citizens for GGovt (Topeka) 250 FIrst Natt Bank of Topeka (II:S) (9-30). CiUcorp Emp Vol Pol Fund______1,518 FIrst Natl City Corp (NY). First Security Corp PAC______0 'FIrstsecurity Corp (UT). Good Fed Govt COUlIn (Memphis) , . 722 First TennNational corp. Commonwealth Associates "F" Fund______23,497 Flrst Union Natl Bank (NO). First Wisconsin Civic Aff Comm______0 'First Wisconsin Corp. INOPAC 2,526 Indiana Nati Bank. Litco GGovt Club______6,430 Long IslandTntst Co. Assn for Responsible Govt (NY) 3,524 Manufacturers Hanover Corp. 514 Committee (Pittsburgh) 5,743 Mellon Natl Corp (PA). Merchants Comm for Camp Contrib : 382 ':Merchants Natl Bank & Tr Co (IN). . Pacific BANKPAC (Seattle) 0 'Pacific Natl Bank of Wash. First Associates NntL______5,760 Seatt·le First Nati Bank. Security Pacific Act Cit Today Comm ~______5,588 'Security Paclfte Corp (CA). Good Govt Grollp (Atlanta) ~______21,115 Tntst Co of·Georgi..'\,· . Union Planters Comm Govt Aff .:.___ 502 • Union Planters Corp, Memphis (TN). VNB Good Govt Comm (Phoenix) .:.,.._____ 3,110 'Valley Natl Bank of Arizona. Publlc AU Fund (Whiteville) 4,031 'Waccamaw Bank & Tr Co (NO) . Good Govt Comm (San Francisco) 17,198 Wells Fargo&Co (CA). Employees for GGovt (F) (San Francisco)______0 'Wells Fargo & Co (CA). Subtotal -- 128,85-l . Financtallnstitu.tlons-B. Savfng. &- Loa"" 1. Political Action Committees: S:wings .'l.ssn PEe . c _ Savings & Loan League Natlonlli. 92,42'" Savings & Loan Leag-lle­ Century Club Pasadella _ California. Savings Assn PEC CO _ 12,401 'Colorado. Savings & Loan PAC FL _ o 'Florida. 1,101 Savings Assn Pub AU Corom ML _ 9,983 Michigan. SAPEO NJ ~ 4,731 New Jersey. Savings Assn PAC NY ~ _ New York. 14,230 Savings & Loan PAC OIDO (SALPAe-o) ~ _ Ohio. 25,762 Publlc Affairs Corom of Savings Assns ~ _ Pennsylvania (6-30), 39,648 Subt-otal _ 200,280 2. Savings institutlons: Oitizens Savings PAC. San FRall ~ _ , 8,025 'Citizens Savings & Loan Assn. City FedPAO (EiIzabeth) - _ • City Federal Savings & Loan, New Jerse,. o F'F Good Govt Fund (Los Angeles) _ 1,357 Financial F_ederatlon Inc. (6-30). Savings Bankers NP PAC • Savings Bankers. Natl League PAC _ 9,176 Natlolla11,eague League or Insured Savings Aa8IL 1,027 Subtotal . . _ l!I,585 C. Credit unions; 'Assoc. Credit Bureaus Inc. Texas. Consumer Hepol'ting & Collection Executives PAC _ o Consumer Bankers Assn PAC (OONPAC) _ 2,474 ·Consumer Bankers Assn. Credit Union Legisl Act COlUlCU _ Credit Union COllDCn. 9,064 Credit Union League Indians. Indiana Credit Union League Inc _ 1,812 Crt'dit Union Lellgue Michigan. M-C-U Legisl A<,t Fllnd .:1 _ 1,052 Subtotal __.._--~--- H,402 O. :\1!ocellaneous: House PAC _ •Househoid Financ-e Corp. o Mortgage Bankers. Mortgage Bankers PAC (MORPAC) _ 27,506 Savings Bankers NP PAC Savings Bankers. = 9.170 Subtotal ---313. 6U2 E. Securities; l\lerrill Lynch. Effective Govt A,sn 70 Mitchell Hutchins. Miachell Hutchins V~l-P;i-F~-~d~======~======13,066 Paine WebbN. Paine Webber Fund tor Better Govt _ 3,859 securities Industry. Securities Industry Camp Conun _ 50,974 Smith Barney. SB Better Govt Comm _ 2,3li5

s"bt,)lal _ 70.3N 6716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 16, 1976

CAMPAIGN PUNDS OF SPECIAL INTEIlEST AND POLITICAL PARTY COM'MITTEEs-Contlnued CASH ON HAND AS OF DECElIIBEB 81. 1975. SUMMARY BY COMMrrrBE-Contlnued

BUsINEs~ntinued

Affiliation or interest C01nmittee name Food and food processing A. Beverages: Closing cash Coca. Cola. Co. Non-partisan Comm for Good Govt (GA) $30,043 "Coors Adolph Co. Coors Emp PAC______0 "Distilled Spirits Institute. Distllled Spirits Publlc Affairs CounciL______320 Pepsico PAC ~______0 *Pepsico, Inc.

Subtotai - - --- _ 30,363 B.RetaU: *N A of Retall Grocers. Retall Grocers PAC _ o *Handy Andy Inc. Handy Andy PAC ~ _ o 'Piggly Wiggly Southern. PWS Good Govt Comm (Vidalia) _ (j *Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. Southeastern GGovt Comm -' _ o Subtotal , 0 C. Other: Am Bakers Assn. BREAD PAC _ 28,576 Am Frozen Food Institute. Freezers PAC _ 1,257 Canning Industry. Canners Pub Aff Comm _ 3,478 DelMonte Corp. Del Monte Vol NP GGovt Comm ~ _ 2,746 *Dlllingham Corp. DillinghamEmp Cit Act Program _ 12,150 'Cane Sugar Refiners Assn. Cane Sugar Refiners PAC _ 1,701 *Flowers Industries, Inc. Flowers PAC, Thomasville GA _ o Food Industry, D.C. Food Industry GGovt Comm ~_ 6,372 Food Processing Industry (9-10). Food Processor Pub Aff Comm _ ,1,335 Gerber PAC _ *Gerber Products Co. o Krause Milling Co. East Wisconsin Club _ 17,168 Meat Industry (6--30). Meat Industry PAC _ 515 Natl Confectioners Assn. Govt Improvement Gronp _ 4,427 *Pillsbury Co. Active citizenship program _ o 'Quaker Oats Co. Publlc Interest Comm _ o Subtotal _ 79,725 Forest products: 'Boise Cascade. Boise Cascade Emp. GGovt Fund _ o 'Crown Zellerbach Corp. Crown Emp. Pol. Fund _ 8,944 Rosario Fund _ Forest Products (6-30). 415 Forest Products Industry. Forest Products Pol. Comm _ 18,492 Fort Vancouver Plywood Co. (1-30-76). Fort Vancouver Plywood Co.Emp. PAC _ ,62 G-P Emp. Fund _ Georgia Pacific Corp. 35,014 ·Intl. Paper Co. Vol. Contributors for Better Govt _ o Kirby Lumber Co. Pine Tree Pol. Comm _ 3,576 Mountain Fir Lumber Co. Mountain Fir Pol. Comm ~~~ _ 1,106 Lumber Dealers PAC (LuDPAC) ~ __ ·Natl. Lumber and Bldg. Assn. JIanson Fund _ o Weyerhaeuser Co. Interests. Tacoma Fund _ 32,316 Weyerhaeuser Co. 4,663 *Union Camp Corp. Union Camp PAC _ 27,44.0

Subtotal _ 132,028 Hotel, motel and restaurants: ---- Am. JIotel and Motel Assn. American Hotel Motel PAC (AHMPAC) ~_ 17,047 Convenient Industries of Am. Food Operators Pol. Act Tr. (FoPAT) _ 997 Natl. Restaurant Assn. Restaurateurs PAC _ 39,291 Subtotal _ 57,335 Insurance: *Am. General Insurance Co., Texas. American General PAC _ 8,767 CN:A Financial Corp. (9-30). CNA Civic Respollsibllity Comm _ , 28 Independent insurance agents. American Insur. Men's PAC (AIMPAC) -" _ 6,632 Independent insurance agents, GA (6-30). Independent Insurance Agents PAC _ 5,898 *Kansas City Life Insurance Co. Kansas City Life Emp. PAC _ Kemper Camp Fund _ o Kemper Insurance Co., Illinois. 2, 642 Life Underwriters-National. Life Underwriters PAC (LUPAC) _ 122,248 *Life Underwriters-Texas. Life Underwriters PAC. Texas _ 40,851 Metropolltan Life Insurance Co., N.Y. Metropolltan Emp. Pol. Participation Fund .. __ 30 Mortgage Insurance Companies of America (3-15). Mortgage Insurance PAC ~------~-~..· 559 N. A. of Insurance Agents. Natl. Agents PAC (NAPAC) c. ~ '_:~_ 10,786 *N/A. Insurance Pub. Afr. Couneil, Chicago c. _ 3,110 *Utica Mutual Insurance Co. Insurance Executives PAC_-----~------_ 121 Subtotal 201,672 March 16, 1916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6717 C,uIP.UGN l"lJNDS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AND POLITIC.u.PXllTY COl\Il\IITTEEs-Continue..1 CASH ON H.\~\} AS OF DECEMBF.a 31, 1975, SU1.IMARr BY C01.UHTTFJ:-Continued

B~SlNEss--continued

A./Jiiiatioll or intcrcst Committee name ~Iachir:.ery C10,51ng cash : 1111noi5 Fund______$8,042 'Deere & Co. ~Iaehinery ])eaiers PAC______925 :MlIchinery Del\lel's ~lItl. Assn. (6--30). Kansas Econ. Educ, Pol. Club ~______0 "Hartin Tractor Co. Tooling & Machining Ind. PAC______371 Tool Die Industry, Subtotal _ 9,338 Pharmaceuticals: Johnson & Johnson GGOI't. Fund - _ Johnson & Johnson. 71 :Mid-America Comm. for SOl1l1d Govt. _ 7,025 Martion Laboratories Inc. Chain Drug Stores PAC _ N. A. of Chain Drug stores. 2,348 Natl. Assn. of Pharmacists PAC _ 1,374 'N. A. of Pharmacists. ~ Pharmaceutical r.Urs. A8sn. .Pharmaeeutical Wrs. Assn. Better Govt. Comm __ 1,848 Proprietary Industry PAC _ 1,585 'Proprietary Assn., The SKF Vol. NP Pol. Fund _ Smith, Kl1ne & French. 1,902 Subtotal _ 16,153 Railroads: ---- Atchison, Topeka & Santn F'e. Civic Trust 80 Santa Fe Emp. for GGovL _ 18,207 Burlingt.on Northern Inc. Burl. North Off. Vol. GGovt. Fnnd _ 31,101 Northwestern Off. Trust Acct. _ 180,252 Chicago & Northwestern RR Co. Milwaukee Off. Trust AccL _ Chicago, Mnwaukee, St. PaUl & Pacific RR. 1,334 lUverside Civic Assn _ 875 Gen. Am: Transp. corp.-RR cars ICG Good Govt. Fund _ minois Central Gulf RR Co. (sub of I. C, Industries). 8,200 Industries Civic Trust _ 3,532 I. C. Industries. Non-Partisan Vol. Pol. Fund _ LOUisville & Nashville RR. 615 Frisco Emp. Comm. for GGovt _ 8,070 st. Louis-San Francisco RR. Special Projects Group _ Seaboard Coastl1ne RR. 15,728 Southern Pac. Mgmt. Officers GG Fund _ 11,107 Southern Pacific Co. Southern Ry. GGovt. Fund _ Southern Railway System. 16,305 Southern Ry. Tax Elig. GG Fund _ Southern Railway S~·stem. 1,'100 Fnnd for Effective Govt _ Union Pacific Corp. 2,817 SUbtotal "_ ____ 299,843 Rer,l estate: Title Industry PAC .. _ Am Land Title A3511. Apartment PAC _ 27,230 Natl Apartment Assn (4--8). 813 Realtors PAC (RPAC) _ NA Realtors: 316,OH National. ~nnn Real Estate PEC _ Minnesota. 33,790 Nebraska Real Estate PAC _ Nebraska (6-30). 9,942 North Carolina. North Carolina Real Estate PEC _ 2,084 Oregon Real Estate PEC ~ _ Oregon. 11,448 Virginia (9-30) . Virginia Real Estate PEC (VAREPEC) _ o 'Washington. Real Estate PEC of Washington _ 2,5\'2 • Natl Realty Comm. DC. Nat! Realty PAC .. _ o

Subtotal ...... __ 403,913 Tl'a:nspOl'tatlOll: •Alaskan Skies Assn, Natl. Alaskan Skies .'\3sn Natl . _ 1,377 Allegheny PAC .. _ •Allegheny Airlines. 3,475 American Export Lines PAC _ Am Export Lines Inc. APTA-PAC _ 200 • Am Public Transit Assn. 1,67-1 'Budd Co. Budd Cit!zenshlp Comm _ f) Freight Forwarders Institute, DC. Part IV Frgt Forwarders PAC _ 13.925 Genl Aviation ManUfacturers Assn. Gen Aviation Puh Aff Comm _ 371 'Metro Services, Texas. Concerned Citizens PAC _ 336 ':Matson Navigation (sub of Alex & Baldwin). Matson Emp Fed GOyt Pl'og _ 1, ..25~ K _\ of Motol' Bus Owners. Bus Ind Pub Air Corom (BUSPAC) _ fi67 N .\ of Schl Bus ContI' Operators. Non-Partisan Transportation Action Comm _ 733 Nat! Automobile Dealers Assn. Comm of Auto Retailers (CAR) _ 3,511 'National Auto Dealers Assn. NatL Automoblle & Tnlck ])lrs Elect Act Conun. _ 141,857 'Natl Auto Dealers Assn, Texa~, Automobile Dealers PAC, Texas _ o Campaign Fnnd for Dealers PAC (Racille) _ Natl Auto Dealers Assn, Wlsc. Pan Am PAC _ o 'Pan American Airlines. o 'Pullman Inc. Pullman Emp GOyt FUlld _ 899 Texas Good Roads As~;n. Texans for Better Transportation _ 290 Truck Operators Non-Partisan Operator5 _ 40,089 Trucking Industry. AlADA PAC _ Am Imported Auto Dealers Assn. 8,451 5u1>:0:al .. 219,165 6718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 16, 1976 CAMPAIGN PuNDs OJ' SPECIAL INTEaEST AND POLITICAL PARTY COMlI1ITTEEs-Colltinued CASH ON HAND AS Oli' DECEllIBD 8t. 1975, SUMMARY BY COl\fMITTEE-Contlnued BuSINEss-continued Affiliation or interest Committee name Utilities: Closing cash 'Columbus & S. Ohio Electric Co. Hickory Street Fund______$4,255 'Florida Power & Light Co. Constructive Congress Com111______0 Pacific Gas & Electric Co (CA). Good Govt Fund, San Francisco______13,921 Southern CA Edison Co. Federal Citizenship Responsibility Group______11.154 Subtotal . . _ .29,330 Other: *Am Assn of Nurserymen. Nursery Industry PAC_ - _ 1,418 Am Book Publishers Assn. American Book Publishers PAC-- _ 5,618 Am Cotton Shippers Assn. Corom Org for the Trading of Cotton (COTCO) _ 3,719 •Am Express Co. American Expr Off Comm for Responsible Govt _ 1,949 Am Importers Assn (11-29). American IntI Trade Pol Aff (AIRPAC) .__. " 1,255 Am Society of Executives. Effective Govt Group ------._. 36~ • Am Retail Assn. Retail PAC - _ o *Am Textlle Mfrs Assn. American Textile Ind Comm for GGovL _ 32,789 Boathlg Information Council. Boating Info Council PAC _ 886 *Broyhlll Furntlure Industries. Broyhlll PAC (Lenoir, NC) _ 2,830 *Contmental Can Co. Continental Can Civic Assn ·_ o 'Cornlng Glass Works. Corning Glass Works Emp PAC -- _ o Cotton Warehouse Assn of Am (TN). Comm of One Hundred _ 97 N/A. Comm for Advancement of Cotton _ 6,821 *Evergreen Associates, Everett WA. Evergreen Associates PAC _ '0 Gould Inc, Responsible crovt Assn _ 39,452 *John W. Graham Co (1-10-76). John Graham PAC _ 65 *N/A. Marco Comm for Effect Govt (Baltim) _ 1,716 'Marcor Inc. Marcor Inc PAC _ o Mobile Homes Mfrs Assn. Moblle Home Act Comm _ 265 "Montgomery Ward & Co. Montgomery Ward & Co PAC _ o Natl Home Furnishhlgs Assn. Home Furnishings Pol Comm _ 906 Norgren CA Co. Littleton Comm for Pol Ed •• _ 3,955 "Producers Cotton Oil Co (CA). Producers GGovt Comm _ 670 "RJ Reynolds Industries Inc. RJRl GGovt Fund Comm _ o Texas Instruments Co. Constructive Citizenship Prog _ 10,742 Tobacco Industry. Tobacco Peoples Pub Aff Comm --- 17,377 TRW Good Govt Fund _ *TRW. o 'Wheelabrator-Frye Inc. Comm for a Sensible Govt ~ o "Wellman Industries, Johnsonville. SC. Wellman Ind GGovt Fund _ o • Wellman Industries, Johnsonville, se. Wellman Ind Tax Elig GGovt Fund _ o Subtotal 132,894 Total, All buslness , 3,055,494

AGltICULTURE AND D~URY Dairy: Assoc Milk Producers Inc. Comm for Thor Agrl Pol Ed (C-TAPE) _ 1,811,702 Dairymen Inc: SPACE-Trust for Spec Agri Comm Ed _ 310,113 Georgia. creorgla C0111m for Pol AcL _ 9,978 Kentucky (1-31-76). Kentucky Comm for Pol Act _ 9,300 Louisiana. Louisiana Comm for Pol AcL " _ 6,810 MississippI. Mississippi Comm for Pol Act • _ 7,728 Tennessee. Tennessee Comm for Pol AcL _ 3,250 Virginia. Virginia Comm for Pol AcL --- ~ __ 13,800 Land O'Lakes Inc.-Dairy. M-PACT-Mldwest Pol Act Co-op Trust _ 1,941 ~ild-AmericaDairymen Inc. ADEPT-Agrl & Dairy Ed Pol TrusL __ • ~ _ 330.437 Northwest Dairymen's Assn. (6-30). North Pacific Dairymen's Co-op Trust _ 1,714 Subtotal " 2,506.773 Other agricnlture: Alexander & BaldWin, HawaiI. A & B Emp Vol Pol Comm for Fed Cands _ 2,813 Am Natl Cattlemen's Assn. Cattlemen's Act Leg Fund (CALF) _ 47,642 Am Rice Growers Coop Assn. Rice Producers PRC _ 5, 680 CaUfornla-Arlzona Citrus League. Calif-Ariz Citrus LellJJue Fund _ 575 CaUfornia Canning Peach Assn. Growers for Effective Govt _ 691 California Agriculture, Comm on Agrl Policy (Calif) c _ 29, 568 California Rice Fund. CaUf Rice Fund .' _ 44,021 Florida Agriculture. Rural Americans for Voter Res & Act _ 3, 243 National Council of Farmer CO-aI's. Florida. Agrl Educ Comm ~~_ 2,387 National Council of Farmer Co-ops. PACE-Pol Act for Co-op ,Effectlveness _ 6, 604 National Council of Farmer Co-ops. Pol Act for Co-op Effectiveness KS _ 581 Rice & Soybean Growers. Rice & Soybeans PAC _ 42,216 'United Fruit & vegetable Assn. United PAC (UNIPAC) _ o Subtotal 186,021 Total Agriculture and Dairy 2,692,79-1 March 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6719 CAMPAJ:GN PUNDS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AND l'Ol.lTIcAL PIIRTY COMMlTTEEs-Continued CASH Ol'l HAND AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1975, SUMMARY BY COMMITTEE-Cont1l1ued

HBALTH

Affiliation 01' interest Committee nttme American Dental Association: Closing Cf'~;h American Dental PAC .______$218,740 National. Arizona Dental PAC _ Arizona. Arkansas Dental PAC _ 943 Arkansas (9-30). 725 California Dental PAC _ California. 116,822. D.C. DC Dentists for Effect GOvI- _ 234 Florida Dental PAC _ Florida. 91,611 Idaho Dental PAC _ *Idaho (9-30). 1,230 Illinois. Legis Int Com of Illinois Dentists _ N/A Indiana Dental PAC _ 'Indiana. 4,808 Iowa Dental PAC . _ Iowa. 4,830 _·'Kansas. Kansas Dental PAC _ o Kentucky Dental PAC ~ _ KentuckY (9-30). 2,978 '·Louisiana. Louisiana Dental PAC _ Maine Dental PAC _ o "Maine (6-30). 835 " Minnesota. Minnesota Dental Hlth Pub Aff Com _ o Nebraska Dontal PAC _ *Nebraska. Nevada I>ental PAC _ 3,573 Nevada (7-10). 4,726 New Hampshire. New Hampshire Dental PAC _ 1,984 New York. Empire Dental PAC _ 24,388 North CarolIna. North Carolina Dental PAC _ 19,831 Ohio. Ohio Dental PAC ~_ 26,349 Oklahoma (7-9). Oklahoma Dental PAC _ 15,107 Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Dental PAC _ 21,033 Tennessee Dental PAC _ Tennessee. Utah Dental PAC _ 9,990 Utah. 4,712 Washington. Washington Dental PAC _ 36,531 'Wyoming. W~·oming Dental PAC ' _ 782

Snbtotal 612,792 American Medical Assoolatlon: National. American Medical PAC (AMPAC) _ 712,812 D. C. Exec Physicians Comm for GGovt ~ _ (9-30). Alabama Medical PAC _ o Alabama (9-30). 17,590 Alaska (9-30). Alaska Medical PAC _ 2,648 Arizona Medical PAC _ ArIzona. Arkansas PAC _ 10,696 Arkansas. 3,521 California. California Medical PAC (CALPAC) _ 87,398 California. Comm for Govt Impl"OVement _ 149 California. L.A. county Physicians COl1lIn _ 29,960 Colorado. Colorado Medical PAC (COMPAC) .. _ 2,205 Connecticut (3-10). Conn Medical PAC (COMPAC) _ 3,340 D.C. District of Columbia PAC (DOCPAC) _ 4,428 F'lorida. Florida Medical PAC (FLAMPAC) . _ 50,488 Georgia. Georgia Medical PAC .. .. _ 51,990 Hawaii. Hawail Medical PAC .. _ 2, 194 Idaho. Idaho Medical PAC . __ . _ 3,57'7 Illinois. IIUnois Medical PAC . _ 52,500 Indiana. Indiana Medical PAC . _. _ 41,967 Iowa. Iowa Medical PAC . _ 14,885 Kansas. Kansas Medical PAC (KANPAC) _ 7,388 Kentucky. Kentucky Ed Med PAC (KENPAC) _ 2,376 Louisiana (8-31). JJouisiana Medical PAC (l,AMPAC) _ 12,257 Maine (6-30). l\Iaine Medlenl PAC _ 517 Maryland. Maryland Medical PAC . _ 38, 12U Massachusetts (6-30). Bay State Physicians PAC (BAYPAC) __.. . _ 725 Michigan. Michigan Doctors PAC _ 11,430 :MIl1nesota. Minnesota Medical PAC . . _ 26,354 Miilsisslppl. Mississippi PAC ._ 2,457 Missouri. Missouri Medical PAC _ 16,382 Montana. Montana PAC (MONTPACj __ .. _ 2,397 Nebraska. Nebraska Medical PAC _ 9, 154 Nevada. Nevada Medical PAC (NEMPAC) _ 4.560 New Jersey (2-28). New Jersey Medical PAC (JEMPAC) _ 4.624 New Mexico. New Mexico Medical PAC _ 4.448 New York (2-28). Empire Medical PAC _ 74 North'CarolIna. North Carolina Medical Pol & Act Comm _ 12,312 North 'Dakota. North Dakota Comm on Med Pol Act (COl\IPAC) _ 1,505 Ohio (9-"30). Ohio Medical PAC _ 57,296 Okiahoma. Oklahoma Medical PAC _ 12,005 Oregon. Oregon Medical PAC _ 14, 143 Pennsylvania. Pennilylvania Medical PAC ------_ 55,385 Rhode Island. Rhode Island Medical PAC (RIMPAC\ _ 1,657 South Carollna. Sout.h Carolina PAC (SOCPAC\ _ 4,937 6720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE JrJarch 16, 1976 CAKPAIGN FuNDa OF SPECIAL INTzaEaT AND POLITICAL PUTY COMMITTEEs-:-

Affiliation or fnttrut Committee name Ciosing cash South Dakota. South Dakota PAC (SODAPAC) $1,307 Tennessee. Independent Medicine's PAC______19,840 TexlIB. Texas Medical PAC (TEXPAC) -'______159,715 Utah. Utah Medic)l PAC (UMPAC) 5,510 Vermont. Vermont Education Medical PAC______1,254 Virginia. Virginia Medical PAC (VAMPAC) 9,975 Washington. AMPAC-State of Washington______7,193 Wisconsin. Wisconsin Physician's PAC______12,997 Wyoming PAC -'-______4,327 Wyoming. Subtotal 1,616,973 American Nursing Home Association: • California. ANHEPAe--Am Nurs Horile Ed & PAC .. 25,067 Texas. CAHEPAC-CA Assn cf Nurs Homes Ed & PAC '- _ 783 Virginia 6-30. Nursing Home Admin PAC of Texas • 22,115 Colorado. Virginia Nursing Home Assn PAC _ 5,074 CANHEPAC-Colorado Assn Nurs Home Ed & PAC _ 533 Subtotal _ Miscellaneous: 53,572 Am Academy of Family Physicians. Family Physicians PAC - _ Am Nurses Assn. 1,995 N-CAP, Nurses Coal for Act In Polltlcs _ 18,109 Am Optometric Assn. American Optometric Assn PAC _ Am Physical Therapy Assn. 36,261 Am PodIatry Assn. American Phys Therapy Cong Act Comm _ 985 Podiatry PAC ~ _ Am Society of Oral Surgeons 52,222 Oral Surgery PAC c __c ~ _ Am Society of Oral Surgeons. 75,097 Our UnIted Republic PAC ~c _ Federation of American Hospitals. FEDPAC-Arkal1sas _ o ·N/A (6-30). 42,114 Group Practice Pol Comm (VA) _ 7,120 ·N/A. Group P COlUm (TX) '- _ Illinois Dentists. 615 Minnesota Health Group (6-30). DIAL-Dentistry Investing In Action on Leglslation _ 17,638 Natl Comm for Full Hlth Care _ 46 ·New Jersey Health Group. New Jersey Health Care PAC _ ·Oregol1 Health Group. 878 Chiropractic PAC of Oregon _ 5,674 Opticians Assn of Am. Opticians Comm for Pol Ed _ 837 SUbtotal 259,591

Total ------2,542,933

LAnolt AFL-eIO: National. AFL-CIO COPE PCC _ Arkansas. Arkansas COPE _ 51,431 625 California. LA County COPE Vol PCC _ California. 9,797 Volunteers for VLPEC, LA County _ 2,254 California (2-28). COPE Santa Clara County _ Colorado. 7,045 Connecticut. 675 ~~I~OI~~~~-CO-PE======o ·Connecticut (3-10). Conn State AFL-CIO Sen Camp Comm _ Kentucky. o Kentucky State AFL-eIO COPE 1,834 Michigan. v;IF-;~d======- Missouri (1-10-76). Michigan State AFL-CIO COPE 32,005 Missouri State Labor Councl! COPE_ ­ 3,771 North Carolina. North Carolina State COPE AFL-CIO_==------~----- o Ohio (2-28). Ohio AFL-CIO COPE ======Ohio (6-30). 61 Cleveland AFL-CIO COPE 1,060 Ohio. Toledo Area AFL-CIO Co;~~ii====--=-=------7----- ·Ohlo (7-10). 12, 749 Franklln County PAC Vol Fund ==_=_======-=====-- 22 Oklahoma. Oklahoma State AFL-CIO Free Pol Camp Fd = == Oregon. Oregon COPE AFL-CIO _ 1,170 Texas. Texas COPE _ 6,903 Utah. Utah State AFL-CIO _ 25,507 Washington. Washington State COPE _ o West Virginia. West Virginia AF'L--CIO COPE _ 1,762 Wisconsin, 2,537 Wisconsin State AFIr-CIO COPE 10,333 Wisconsin (6-30). Appleton Fed of Labor AFIr-CIO======1,056 Subtotal ------173,577 March 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6721 CAl\1PAIGN FUNDS OJ' SPECIAL INTEltEST AND POLITICAL PAR,Y COM1\IITTEEs-Continued CASH ON HAND AS OF DECEMBER 31, 19'75, SVNMARY BY COMMITTEE-Continued I,l\BOR-contlnued Affiliation err interest Committee name Building and construct-lon trades: ClOSing cash Legislative Education Action Progm (LEAP) _ $16, no Boilermakers. Bricklayers Action Comm _ Brickla~'ers. 2,754 PEl" of the Bldg & Constr Tr _ Building & Construction Trade. 76,220 Carpenters. Carpenters Legisl Improvement COlnm _ 79,248 Carpenters-California. Carpenters Comm on Pol Act _ 1,696 State Cncl of Carpenters pAl" _ 'carpenters-California (9-10). 5,743 ­ Ohio st Council of Carpenters _ Carpenters-Ohio. 12.687 Electrical Workers (mEW). IBEW-COPE (Electrical Workers) _ 23,997 • Electrical Workers (mEW)-Iowa (1-31). IBEW COPE Local 1362 _ 3,068 Local _1;':35 Pol Comm NtL - _ (~30). o *Electrlcal Workers (mEW)-Conn Iron Workers Pol Act Lg _ Ironworkers. Laborers Pol League _ 7,458 Laborers. 193,726 "Laborers-Ohio. Local Union 860 Laborers Pol Lg _ Engineers Pol Ed Comm _ o Operating Engineers. 14,876 Operating Engineers-Calif. Supporters of Eng Loc 3 Fed Endorsed Candidates _ 2,220 Operating Engineers-N.J. o E Local 825 Pol Act & Ed Comm _ n,361 Operating Engineers-Wash. Local 302 Vol Pol Fund, Seattle _ 46,404 Painters. Pol Act Together Pol Comm _ 3,097 Plumbers & Pipe Fitters. UA Political Education C0Il1111- _ 9,347

Subtotal _ 510.012 Government: Fire F'ightel's COpE _ 6,188 Firefighters. Fairfax City Firefighters pAC _ Firefighters-Virginia (7-10). 63 FIrefighters-New York. Schenectady Firefighters pAC _ o Government Employees (AFGE). Comm on Fed Emp Pol Ed _ 5,427 Government Employees (NAGE) (9-30). Govt Emp Pol Research Institute _ 1.543 • Letter Carriers. Comm on Letter Carriers Pol Ed _ 26,230 Postal Workers. Pol Fund Comm on Am Postal Wkr _ 40,214 state-County Municipal Employees. PEOPLE-Public Employees Organized _ 8,660 state-County Municipal Employees. People Qualified Contrlb Comm _ 3,422 State-County Municipal Employees. Social Serv Emp Un 371 (NY) _ 277 Teachers (AFT)-Na.tional. American Fed of Teachers _ 64,566 Minnesota Fed of Teachers COpE~ _ Teachers (AFT)-Minn. UFT COPE (NY) _ 8,798 Teachers (AFT)-New York (UlI'T). 32,251 New York state United Teachers. VOTE COPE (Voice of Teacher Ed) _ 177,325 Subtotal ______375.464 Indust,.ial A. AFL-CIO AflIllated: Chemical Workers (ICWU) • Labors llwcstmcllt in Voter Ed _ 8,766 Clothing Workers: National. Amalgamated Pol Ed Comm (APEC) _ 45,000 minots. Chicago & Midwest pEC (CAMPEC) _ 6,075 Maryland. Baltimore Rgn Jt Bd pEC _ 5,089 Massachusetts (7-10). Boston Jt Bd Amalg PEC _ 1,480 Minnesota. Minnesota Jt Bd pEC _ 2,725 New York. New York Jt Bd Pol Act Fund _ 27,600 NewYork (3-10). Rochester Jt Bd pEC _ 6,850 Clothing Workers-New York. Ama1g Serv and Allied Ind Jt Bd PEC _ 3. 152 Clothing Workers-Pennsylvania. Ciothlng Wkrs Pol Comm for Eastern pA _ 5.253 Clothing Workers-Pennsylvania (9-30). Amalgamated Pol & Ed Comm of Phila _ 1.946 rUE CopE _ Electrical Workers (IUE). 5.94 4 Garment Workers, Ladles. ILGWU Camp Comm _ 229.717 Glass Bottle Blowers Assn. GBBA Pol Ed Leaguc _ 7,250 Industrial Unions Dept. IUD Voluntary FU11ds _ 39.832 Machinists: MNPL: National 11-31-76). Match NP Pol League _ 30B.IWI California. District 727 Chap_, Burbank _ Colorado _ 68 Colorado. 40 Iowa. of Iowa Cncl of Mach _ 5.2:11) Michigan. of Michigan (Machinists) _ o Michigan. District Lodge 117 Reading of Aiinnesota _ Minnesota. 3.928 Minnesota. Bean Feed Comm St. pa\IL _ 4.118 Minnesota. Twin City Area St. pauL _ 7.471 Dist 9, Bridgeton _ Missouri. 4.333 MissourI. Dlst 71, Kansas Clty _ 492 Ohio State CouncIL _ Ohio. of Oregon _ 1. 637 Oregon. 514 Penn State IAl\1 _ Pennsylvania (~30). 1.911 Texas Texas State COullcIL _ 942 6722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 16, 1976 CAllIPAIGN Pt1NDa o. 8PEcLu. !In'BUsT AND POLITICAL PAIlTYCo~ont1nued CASH ON HAmJ AS O. DECEKIlBB 31. 1975. SUJUIAJlY BY COMMITrEE-COntinued LAIlOJl-COntinued Affiliation or fnteTut Committee name Closing cash Texas (9-30). Local Lodge 15, Houston______$4,960 ·Texas. Texas AIrline District 146______827 Washington. Dlst 751 Seattle______2,312 ·Washlngton. washington State______918 ·Wisconsin. of Wlsconsln______970 ·Wisconsln. Dlst 10 Ml1waukee______13,973 on Chemical & Atomic Workers. OCAW Pol & Legisl League______20,111 PUlp & Paperml11 Workers. United Paper Workers Inti Unlon • 17,118 RUbber Workers. COPE of UTD Rubber Wkrs______48,844 Rubber Workers--Colorado. United Rub Wkrs Local 154 PEC Denver______815 Rubber Workers-Kansas (9-30). COPE Vol Contr Fund UTD Rubber #307______0 Sheet Metal Workers. Pol Act League--8heet Metal______88,610 Steelworkers (1-1-76). United Steelworkers of Am PAF______465,382 Steelworkers-Pennsylvania. United Steel Wkrs of Am Dlst 7 Ptsbg______409 Textile Workers (TWU) • TWUA Pol Fund______25,382 Subtotal 1,427,113 Industrial B. United Auto Workers, Independent: United Auto Workers, independent. Comm fOI' Good Gvt (Detroit) .------294,270 United Auto Workers, Independent. UAW-V-CAP ---- _ 683,904 United Auto Workers, Independent (2-28). 365 CAP Council Fund (Brooklyn) _ 5,709 ·Unlted Auto Workers, Independent (12-31). Greater Flint Comm Act Cncl Vol Fund _ 4,761 Subtotal 988,652 Maritime related: Longshoremen. Brooklyn Longshmn Pol Act & Ed Comm _ 81,308 Masters, Mates & Pilots Pensioners Action Fund _ 491,293 Longshoremen (Masters Mates). MEBA Pol Act Fund _ Marine Engineers. 273,113 Marine Engineers. District 2 MEBA-AMO Pol Act Fund _ 149,461 MEBA Retirees Group Fund ~ _ 76,781 Marine Engineers. PATCO PAC _ Marine Engineers (Air Traffic Controllers). 9, 151 Maritime (NMU). NMU Pol & Leg Organ On Watch (PLOW) _ 50,213 Seafarers. Seafarers Political Activity Donation ~------69,353 Seafarers (Marine Cooks). Marine Cooks & Stewards Pol Def Fund _ 61,890 Seafarers (Marine Firemen). Marine Firemen's Union Pol Act Fund _ 7,359 Sailors Pol Fund _ seafarers (Sailors-Pacific). 77,907 Subtotal 1,347,332 Service:

H & RE & BIU COPE ~ Motel & Restaurant Empl. AMCOPE _ 87,344 Meatcutters. 68,889 ·Meatcutters, North Carolina. Local 525 Vol Pol Act Fund, Ashevllle _ o Retail Clerks-National. Active BaUot Club _ 278,210 Retail Clerks--CaJlfornia (11-3). Active Ballot Club #648 San Franclsco _ 880 Retail Clerks·-Callfornla. Active BaUot Club #428 San Jose _ 208 Retail Clerks-Maryland. Active Ballot Club #692 Baltlmore _ 2,227 Retail Clerks-New Jersey. Active BaUot Club # 1262 C11fton _ 16,373 Retail Clerks-New York. Active Ballot Club #1500 Queens VIl _ 6,196 Retail Clerks-New York (2-28). Active Ballot Council #6 Queens VII _ 2.659 Retail Clerks-Ohio. Active BaUot Club #880 Cleveland _ 4,016 Retail Clerks-PennsYlvania.. Active BaUot ClUb # 1393 Readlng ._ o Retail Wholesale (7-10). Local #2 Pol Act Fund (NYC) _ 1,447 Retail Wholesale (9-30). District 65 Pol Act Fund (New York) _ 2,524! Retail Wholesale. Dist. 1199 Pol Act Fund (NYC) _ 14.728 Service Employees. SEIU-COPE PCC ~ _ PAC UPGWA _ 48,086 Plant Guard Workers, Ind. 1,810 'Utlllty Workers. Utl1lty Workers of Am Pol Contrlb Comm _ o Subtotal 535,597 Transportation-A. Railway: Railway Carmen Pol League _ Brhood of Railway Carmen. 16,104 Brhood of Railway Carmen NY (3-10). Bhood of RWY Carmen Lodge 886 PAC _ 4,290 Firemen & Oilers. IntI Bhood Flrem & Oilers Pol League _ 2.306 RaHway Clerks minols. Illinois State Legisl Com (BRAC) Pol Ed Fund _ 1.505 Maintenance of way Employees. Maintenance of Way Pol League .-- Railway Clerks Pol League _ 26,192 Railway Clerks. 152 Railway Labor Exec Assn Pol League _ Railway Labor Exec Assn. Signalmen's Pol League _ 25,800 Fiallroad Signalmen. 3.258 Subtotal _ 79.107 jJJarch 16, 19'1'6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 6723

CAlltU'AIGN FuNDS O. SPECIAL INTEIlEST AND POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEEs-Con~iuued CASH ON' HAND AS OJ' DEcEMBlIa 81. 1975, SU?>'tMAI\T BY COMMunE-Continued LABOII-conUnued AjJiliatf01l ar fnteTuC Committee name B. Other transpor~aUon: Closing ca.'ih • Amalgamated Transit Union. ATU COPE Pol Contribs Comm______$B,406 Transport Workers (TWU). Transport Workers Union pCC______09,869 Transportation Union (UTU). Transportation Pol Ed Lengue______411,705 Pan Am Flight Engineers pAC______.0 "Pan American Chap Flight Eng IntI AIlIlJL Suototal _ __ __ 519,980 O. TeamBters, Indept>ndent: Teamsters. Independent: DRIVE Dem Rep Ind Voter Education _ National. 9,950 DRIVE Jt Council 85 Blrmillgham _ 3.727 -Alabama. DRIVE Alaska ALIVE Vol Comm _ Alaska. 28,769 DRIVE Little Rock ~ _ 10.050 Arkansas (8-31) . DRIVE #42 LOfI Angeles _ Callfornia. 31.798 DRIVE #559 Newington _ 2,709 Connecticut. DRIVE Atlanta ------_ Georgia. 2.357 Teamsters, Independent: DRIVE JOlll~ Council 65 Sprlngfteld _ Illinois. 6,886 Local Union 364 Voter Ed Pol Fund _ 5,222 "Indiana. DRIVE Sports Awarcl " _ Io,\ra. 76 DRIVE #238 CedarRapids ~ _ '176 Do. DRIVE Joint Council 94 Loulsville _ Kentucky. 2,745 DRIVE #568 Shrevcport _ 5\10 Llmisiana. DRIVE #340 South Portland _ Maine. 2,861 DRIVE #557 Baltimore _ 13,616 Maryland. DRIVE Joint Oouncll 10 B08ton _ l\lassachusetts. 19,684 DRIVE Local Union #25 Boston _ 5,421 Do. DRIVE Political Fund Detrolt _ Michigan. DRIVE Nnnnesota _ 3i5 Minnesota. 18,562 DRIVE Joint Council 13 8t Louis _ 6.642 MissourI. DRIVE New Jersey _ New Jersey (9-30). 459 DRIVE Carolina Chapt 1 Greensboro _ North Carol1na. DRIVE ()hlo _ 582 Ohio. 53.459 DRIVE #886 Oklahoma Oity _ OklahOma (3-10). 1,622 DRIVE Local 115 Phlladelphia _ pennsylvania. DRIVE Texas _ 12,733 Texas. 636 DRIVE Local 745 DaUas _ Do. 49,995 DRIVE #968 Houston _ 50! Do (9-30). DRIVE #941 El Paso _ Do (3-10). 1,169 DRIVE #47 Fort Worth _ Do (9-30). 5,833 DRIVE #592 Richmond _ Virginia. 5,833

Subtotal 299,811 MlSCELL,-\NF:OUS l\Iiscellanoous: Clothing workers, longshoremen, operatlnc engIneers, seafarers. Labor Comm fOl' Pol Act in NY S~l\te _ 2.580 American Radio Assn C()PE PCC _ Am Radio Assn (6-30). CWA-eOPE PCC _ 613 Communlcat-ion Workers. 178,910 CWA Dist #1 PAC. NYC _ 'Comnnmication Workers. 5,494 CWA Dlst #2 PAC, DC _ 'Communlcation Workers. 10,034 'Communlcatlon Workers. CWA Dist #3 PAC, GeOl·gia _ 994 'Communication Workers. CWA Dist #4 PAC. Ohlo _ 7,552 'Communlcation Workers. CWA Dist #5 PAC, Illinols _ 10,951 'Communication Workers. CWA Dist #6 PAC. MlssourL _ 22,995 'Communicatlon Workers. CWA Dist :;r7 PAC, Nebrnska _ 2,638 lIiIiscellancou5: • Communication Workers. CWA Dlst #8 PAC Colorado _ 252 • Communication Workers. CWA Dist #9 PAC, CA-SanFml1 _ I.33iJ • Communication Workers. CWA Dist #10 PAC, Alabama _ 559 "Communicatlon Workers. CWA Dist #11 PAC. CA-LosAng _ 1,379 • Communication Worker". CWA Dist #12 PAC, Texns _ 34,049 Farmworkers (6/30). Farmworkers Pol Ed Fund _ UFWA COPE _ 15,275 Furniture Workers. 1,2P4 Grapilic Arts Union. Graph Arts Inti Union COpE _ 13,300 Molders. Inti Molders & Allied Wkrs Un C()pE _ 5.326 <>lB.ce &I Prof Employe&B. Voice of the Eiectorate "VOTE" _ 3,396 ()lIlce & Prof Employeel'l, New York. ()pEIU Local 153 VOTE Comm _ 7, 18! Mln& Workers. Coal Miners Pol Act Contri1Js Comm _ 17.486 Subtotal 337.05Cl Total la1)"r. 6,600,237 6724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD..:... SENATE March 16, 1976

CAMPAIGN FuNDS 01' SPECIAL INTEREsT AND POLITICAL PAR'rY COKMlT'rEEs-Continued CASH ON HAND AS 01' DECEKBBB 81, 1975. SlnlMARY BY COMMITTEE-Continued

~~ANEous~onUnued

Affiliation or interest Oommittee name Environment and conservation: Closing cash League of Conservation Votel's. League of Conservation Voters camp Fund______$4,317 League of Conservation Voters. League of Conservation Voters______1,641 League of Conservation Voters CA. California League of Conservation Voters______0 League of Conservation Voters GA (1-31). Georgia League of Conservation Voters______256 League of Conservation Voters OR (1-31). oregon League of Conservation Voters______0 Subtotal 6,214 Rural electrification: Natl. Rural Electric Coop Assn.: Act Comm. for Rural Electrification (ACRE) _ 54,830 Colorado Advocates fOl' Rural Electr. (CARE) _ 1,828 Colorado (9-30). Indiana Friends of Rural Electr _ Indiana. Iowa ACRE _ 4,960 Iowa. 1,454 Kansas ACRE --_- _- - --__ - _ 1,795 Kansas. Speak Up for Rural Electr. (SURE) _ Kentucky. 3,647 Mississippi ACRE - - _ 800 MississippI. Missouri ACRE _ Missouri (3-to). 1,457 Rural Electric Action Program (REAP) _ North Carolina. 5,805 Ohio ACRE _ 1,756 Ohio (6-30). Electric Coop Help Org. (ECHO) _ South Carolina. Wisconsin ACRE _ o 23 Wisconsin. Low Cost Energy Comm _ Iowa Assn. of Electric Cooperatives. 6.065 Subtotal 84,420 Miscellaneous: Concerned Seniors for Better GOv1- _ o Congressional Victory Comm ~_ 2,594 *Gun Owners of America (CA) _ 17,3S19 Independence Club Pol. Comm _ o (6-30) • Louisiana Education Group _ o Natl Women's Political Caucus. (3-10). Natl Womens Pol Caucus Camp Sup COll1ll1 _ 7.797 Saginaw City Public Affairs Council (MI) _ 2,900 Senate-Hou~e Assn for Resp Elections (SHARE) _ o Right to Bear & Keep Arms Pol Viet Fd _ 25.909 Sportsman PAC (NY) ~ 170 (6-30). Taxpayers Action Fund ~ _ 166 Women For ~ ~ 20,350 Women's Campaign Fund (DC) _ 20,453 Independence '76 (VT) _ 150 Nat! Right to Work Comll1. Employee Rights Camp Conlin (VA) _ o Fund fOl' a Representative Congress Inc _ o Comm for a New Majority/Freedom of Choice Inc _ 877 SpeCial Comm for Pol Action (NY) _ 1,409 Neighborhood School Assn, Cla~'mont, Public Congress of Delaware ~ _ o SUbtotal '100, 164 Total mlscellaneous _'~~ - 190,798

CONGRESSIONAL LEVEL P ....RTY COMMI'l"TEES Republican Party Committees: Democratic Party Committees: National Republican Congressional Committee $348,825 Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (6-30) __ 94,412 Republican Congressional Boosters Club______375.178 Democratic Congressional Dinner Commlttee ~ _ 30,036 National Republican Senatorial Committee______182,968 Democratic Senatorial campaign Committee(9-30) _ 11,112 RepUblican Candidates Conference (2-28) 61,010 Democratic National CongreSSional Committee (6-30) _ 110,252 RepUblican Campaign Committee (transf 252,926 to RNO) __ 0 Democratic Congressional Finance Commlttee _ 9,040 ---- IDEOLOGIC.... L Conservative Groups: Aln Conservative Union. American Conservation Unlon .: .:. 3,021 Am for Constitutional Action. Amel'icans fOl' Constitutional Action _ 11,391 Comm for Responsible Youth Polltics ~ _ 3,784 Comm for Survival of a Free congress _ 95,326 Con101 of Nine ~ ~ _ " (l61 Conservative Campaign Comm ~'~ ~ .:_~ __ .:_'_.:~ 2,833 Conservative Victory Fund _ 2,669 Ani Conservative Union. *Natlonal Conservative PAC _ 56,154 (6-30). United Congressional AppeaL _ 9,363 Young America's Campaign Comnl _ 18,920 Conservative Coalition of Iowa. Friends of Freedom Rally Fin Comm _ 187 Subtotal 204,309 ~Ia.)'ch 16,1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6725

CAMPAIGN FvNDS 01' SPECIAL INTEIlEST AND POLlTICAL PARTT COKMITrEES-Contlnue4 CASEl 0. HAND AS 01' DECEMBD at. t1!TB. 8vJDU,aY BY Co~tMrrTEl!:-ContiIltte4 II>EOLOGICAL~contI111.1ed

AjJiHation or fntllrm Committee "'arM

Liberal GrOUP$:· (13--30) . Congressional Action Fund ------.. -_ $I,76B Cotu1cU tor & LSvable 1Vorld ~ __ 48,401 Natl Comm tor an ElfectiveCongreg (NCEC) _ (lQ-6) • <>Be ~nt I\tndL _ 77,087 Ripon Society. 314 1974 Campaign Fund _ 855 Subtotal 12B, 425 Total Ideologtcai______332.734

Jo\WYElIS °AmericanTrial LawyeI'8 Assn. Attorneys Congressional Camp Trust _ 496,578 ODoherty, Rumble && Butler (Attys). DR & B Political Fund A {Mlnn) ~ _ 1.51,)0 ODoherty. Rumble & Butler (Attys). Dr & B Political Fund B (Minn) • _ 2.285 ODoherty. Rumble &&Butler (Attys). DR & B Political Fund 0 {Minn) _ 571 Lawyers & ClIents'(Orange Cnty). Lawyelll& Clients for Oovt Orange Cnty _ 296 Patton, Boggs & Brand (Attys, DC). Comm for Election ot cong Candidates _ 13.408

To~~l La~~ers ~ ...... -'---514,638

.-.._------_.-._._--_._'--_._--~ Mr. CLARK. Mr. President. I ~'ield the appearance of any possible conflict NAY8-i7 back the remainder of my thne. of interest. I shall vote "present" on Abourezk Hart, Gary Mondal. Bayh Haskell ' Montoya Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I wish to the amendments offered, as well as on Bentsen Hathaway Moss make' absolutely clear to my colleagues final passage. . Biden Hollings Muskle that the provision requested by the Mr. BROCK. Mr. Pl'esident, I ask for Brooke HUddleston Nelson the yeas and nays. . Bumpers Humphrey Pastore White House has been stricken. The sub­ BurdIck Inouye Pell stitute, as it is now proposed, shnply The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Byrd, Robert C. Jackson Proxmire would reconstitute the· Federal Election sufficient second? Cannon Kennedy Randolph Commission. If; would provide for the ap­ Clark Leaby Ribicolf There Is a sufficient second. Cranston Magnuson Sparkman pointment of two members every other Theyeas and nays were ordered. Culver Mansfield Stevenson year. Itwould not continue the Secretary Durkin Mathias Symington of theSenate and the Clerk of the House The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hour Eagleton McGee Tunney of 3 o'clock having arrived, the question Glenn McIntyre Williams as ex officio members. . Gra"el Metcalf It would do nothing about the actions is on agreeing to the amendment of the or interpretations. of the commission Senator from Michigan in the nature ANSWERED "PRESE1\TT"-l of a substitute, as modified. The yeas Church which many Members of Congress be­ and nays have been ordered. The clerk lieve the commission has erroneously in­ wlll call the roll.. NOT VOTmG-6 terpreted so far. It would shnply pro­ Chiles Hartke Percy vide for the matching· funds to be re­ The assistant legislative clerk called Hart, Philip A. McGovern Young ceived by Presidential candidates and the roll. So Mr. GRIFFIN'S amendment in the disbursed by the Commission to the can­ Mr. CHURCH (when his name was nature of a substitute, as modified. was didates who are in the race. It would called) •Present. rejected. permit the Federal Election Commission Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, I mO\'e to go ahead with what limited powers that the Senator from Michigan (Mr. to reconsider the vote by which the were retained to it under the Supreme PHILIP A. HART), the Senator from Flor­ amendment was rejected. Court decision. ida (Mr. CHILES) • the Senator from Indi­ Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, I ask for I SUggest to Iny colleagues that what ana (Mr. HARTKE). and the Senator from the:reas and na~·s. we need here is a revision of law to South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN) are nec­ Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, a point conform completely to the Supreme essarilyabsent. of order. Court decision and to try to make a cam­ Mr. GRIFFIN. I an1l0WICe that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sel1- paign reform bill work. We have been Senator from Illinois (Mr. PERCY) and ator will state his point of order. . working at tl1i.s for a long time. I believe the Senator from North Dakota (Mr. Mr. CANNON. Did the Senator vote we have. the OPPol"tunity now to make a YOUNG) are necessarily absent. with the prevailing side? success of it. I further announce that, if present and Mr. MATHIAS. Yes; I did. I hope my colleagues will defeat the voting, the Senator from Illinois (Mr, The PRESIDING OFFICER. What is substitute amendment of the Senator PERCY) would vote "~'ea." the point of order? from Michigan. The result was announced-yeas 46, Mr. CANNON. The inquiry ...:as, Did the Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, because nays 47, as follows: Senator vote with the prevailing side? a campaign committee which I have au­ The PRESIDL1'\lG OFFICER. The Sen­ thorized has obtained matching flmds [Rollcall Vote No. 70 Leg.] ator who mm'ed to reconsider voted under the Federal Election Campaign YEAS-.J.6 "nay," and that is the prevailing side, so Act, I believe that casting my vote on ,"..11 en Ford Packwood the question is on agreeing to the motion ~:~~~tt Garn Pearson legislation to amend the act after that Goldwater Roth to l·econslder. The yeas and nays have fact could be seen as a conflict of inter- Beall Griflln Schweiker been called for. Is there a sufficient sec­ est. Therefore, I am refl'ainlng from vot- Bellmon Hausen Scott, Hugh ond? There is a sufiicient second. ing for or against any amendments to Brock .tlatllelcl Scott, Helms William L. The yeas and nays were ordered. the -pendin!!- bill, or the bill itself. BuckleyByrd, Hnlska Stafford Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President. during I would add. Mr. President, that I do ca~:rry F ...Jr. Javlts Stennis this vote, may we have the well cleared. Johnston Stevens belie\'e, on the merits. that the act should Curtis Lax"lt Stone :1'.11'. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President. be amended to meet the objections raised Dole Long Taft I move to lay that motion on the table. by the Supreme Court, and that I find Domenid l\!cClel:"n TrJmadge The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques­ gTeat merit in many of the amendments Eastland Ml'Clure Thurmond • • FannIn :Vlorgan Tower tion is on agreeing to the motion to lay that are proposed. But 111 order to aVOId ' Fon; ~tlnl'i \Yeicker on the table the motion to reconsider. 6726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 16, 1976 Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without· (5) the InterrelatIonship of the elements I ask for the yeas and mi.ys. objection, it is so ordered. described in paragraphs (1) through (4) o{ this section; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there AUENDME.NT NO. 1436 . (6) alternative nominating systems, In­ a sufficient second? There is a sufficient Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I call clUding but not limited to a national or second. up my amendment No. 1436, and ask regional primary system for the expression The yeas and nays were ordered. unanimous cOl1Sent that its reading be of a preference for the nomination of call­ Mr. GRIFFIN. I renew my request that dispensed with. didates for election to the office of President the well be cleared. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the United States and variations on the The PRESIDINGOFFICER. The ques­ is present nominating system; and objection, it so ordered. (7) the manner in which candidates are tion is on agreeing to the motion to lay The amendment is as follows: nominated for election to the office of Vice on the table the motion to l·econsider. TITLE IV-COMMISSION TO STUDY PRES­ President of the United States, The well will be cleared and the clerk IDENTIAL NOMINATING PROCESS (b) TIle Commission shall submit to the will call the roll. DECLARATION OF POLICY President and to the Congress such J.llterlm The second assistant legislative clerk SEC. 401. It is hereby declared to be the reports as It deems adVisable, and not later called the roll. policy of the United States to improve the than one year after the enactment of this Mr. CHURCH (when his name was resolutlon,a final report of its study and system of nOminatingcalldidates for elec­ investigation based upon a fUll consideration called) . Present. tion to the office of the President of the United states by studying such system in a of alternatives to ,our cUlTent Presidential Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce nominating system, Including an analysis of t.1:J.at the Senator from Michigan (Mr. broad manner never before attempted in the the strengths and weaknesses of all such HARr). the Senator from Indiana (Mr. two-hundred-year history of this Nation. alternatives stUdied, together with its rec­ HARrKE). and the Senator from South ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION ommendations as to the best system to es­ Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), are necessarily SEC. 402. (a) There is established the BI­ tablish for the 1980· Presidential elections. absent. centennial Commission on Presidential Nom­ TIle Commission shall cease to exist sixty inations (hereinafter referred to as the days after its final report Is submitted. Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the "CommL~slon"). Senator from Illinois (Mr. PERCY), and POWERS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS (b) The Commission Shall be composed of SEC. 404. (a) The Commission may, In the Senator from North Dakota (Mr. twenty members to be appointed 118 follows: carrying out the provisions of this joint YOUNG), are necessarily absent. (1) six members shall be appointed by the resolution, sit and act at such times and I further announce that, ifpresent and President pro tempore of the senate, of places, hold such hearings, take such testi­ whom at least two shall be Members of the mony, request the attendance of such wit­ voting, the Senator from nUnols (Mr. Senate and at lell8t two shall be elected or PERCY). would vote "nay." nesses, administer oaths, have such printing appointed State officials; and binding done, and commission studies The result was announced-yeas 49, (2) six members shall be appointed by by any Federal agency or executive depart­ nays 45, as follows: . the Speaker of the House of Representatives, ment, as the Commission !leemS advisable. of whom at least two shall be Members of the [Rollcall Vote No. 71 Leg.} (b) Per diem and mileage allowances for HoWIe and at least two shall be elected or wltneses requested to appear under the au­ YEAS-49 appointed State officials; thority conferred by this section shall be (3) six: members shall be appointed by the Abourezk Gravel Mondale paid from funds appropriated to· the Com­ Bayh Hart. Gary Montoya President; and mission. Bentsen Haskell Moss (4) two members shall be the chairman (c) Subject to such rules and regulations Blden Hathaway Muskle of the two na.tlonal political parties and shall Brooke Hollings Nelson sel've as ex officio members. as may be adopted by. the Commission, the Bumpers Huddleston Pastore chairman shall have the power to- . (c) At no time shall more than three (1) apPQlnt and l1x the cgmpensatlon of Burdick Humphrey Pell members appointed under paragraph (I), Byrd, Robert C. Inouye Proxmlre an executive director, and· such additional Randolph (2), or (3) of SUbsection (b) be individuals Cannon Jackson who are of the same political aftUiation. staJf personnel as may be necessary, without Clines Johnston Riblcotr regard to the provisions of title 5, United Clark Kennedy Sparkman (d) A vacancy In the Commission shall not Cranston Leahy Stevenson affect its powers, and Shall be l111ed in the States Code, governing appointments in the Cuiver Magnuson Symington same manner In which the·original appoint­ competitive service, and Without regard to Durkin Mansfield . Tunney ment was made, subject to the same limita­ chapter 51 and subchapter III.of chapter.53 Eagleton McGee Williams tions with respect to party affiliations as the of such title relating to classll1catlon in Gen­ Eastland McIntyre eral Schedule pay rates, ')ut at such rates not Glenn Metcalf original appointment. (e) Twelve members shall constitute a in excess of the maximum rate for GS-18 of NAYS-45 quorum, but a lesser number. may conduct the General SChedUle under section 5332 hearings. The Chairman of the Commission of such title; and Allen Garn Pearson (2) procure temporary and intermltteht Baker Goldwater Roth shall .. be selected by. the members fr,om Bartlett Griffin Schwelker among the members, other than ex: officio services to the same extent as is authorized Beall Hansen Scott,Hugh members. by section 3109 of title 5, United States Bellmon Hatfield Scott, FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION Code, but at rates not to exceed $100 a day Brock Helms WilllamL. for Individuals. Buckley Hruska Stafford SEC. 403. (a) The Commission sllall make Byrd, Javlts Stennis a full and complete investigation with re­ COMj>ENSATION OF MEMBERS Harry F., Jr. Laxalt Stevens spect to the Presidential nominating process. SEC. 405. (a) Members of the Commlssloli Case Long Stone Such investigation shall include but not be who are otherwise employed by the Federal Curtis Mathias Taft limited to a considerationof- Dole McClellan Talmadge GoVel'lilllent shall serve without compensa­ Domenlcl McClure Thurmond (1) the manner In which States conduct tion but shall be reimbursed for travel, sub­ Fannin Morgan Tower primaries for the expression of a preference sistence, and other necessary expenses Fong Nunn Welcker for the nomination of candidates for elec­ Ford Packwood tion to the office of President of the United Incurred by them in carrying out the duties of the Commission. ANSWERED "PRESENT"-l States and caucuses fm' the selection of dele­ gates to the national nominating conven­ (b) Members of the Commission not other­ Church tions of political parties; wise employed by the Federal Government NOT VOTING-5 (2) State laws and the rules of national shall receive per diem.at the maximum dally political parties whlcll govern the participa­ rate for GS-18 of the General Schedule when Hart. Philip A. McGovern Young tion of voters and candidates In such pri­ Hartke Percy they are engaged In the performance of their . . maries and caucuses; duties as members of the Commission lind So the motion to lay on the table was (3) the financing of campaigns for the shall be entitled to reimbursementfor travel. nomination of candidates for election to the sul>slstence, and otl~er necessary .expenses· agreed to. . office of the President of the United States; Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Incurred by them In carr~'lng out the duties (4) the l'elatlonshipbetween candidates of the COriunisslo.n.· . I ask unanimous consent to have Pam for election to the office of the President of Weller of Senator SroNE's staff and the United states and the news media. In­ TIMELINESS OF APPOINTMENTS Carey Parker of Senator KENNEDY'S staff cluding how candidates achieve public rec­ SEC. 406. It is the sense of the Congrel3s given the privilege of the floor during ognition and whether such candidates should that the appointments of indlyidual toserve furthei' coi1sideration of this bill. be guaranteed access to the television media; as members of the Commission be completed ilIal'eh 16, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6727 within ninety days. after the enactment of ate concur in the House amendments, as Mr. MONDALE. I have the fioor. I have this resolution. amended. by adoption of the amend­ an amendment pending..I will be glad AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS ment proposed by'Senator FANNIN. on to yield to the Senatorfrom Virginia. SEC. 407. There are authorized to be appro­ behalf of the Finance Committee. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Does the priated such sums as may be necessary to Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, I concur Senator have an amendment to the legis~ carry out the provisions of this resolution. in the statement of the Senator from lation being presented by the Senator Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. Pl'esident, a par­ Montana. Wlll the Senator from MimIe­ from Montana? liamentary inquiry, sota yield for me to offer the amend­ Mr. MONDALE. No, I have an amend­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ ment? ment to the pending bill. ator will state the parliamentary in­ Mr. MONDALE. I yield to the Senator Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Before we quiry. from Arizona. proceed to that, may I ask the Senator Mr. BUMPERS, 1s there a time luilita­ Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, I move a question? tion on the Mondale amendment? that the Senate concur in the House Mr. MONDALE. I yield. Mr. MONDALE. There is none. amendments with an amendment. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD. JR. This is a Mr. ROBERTC,. BYRD. Mr. President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The conference report, I take it, that the I ask unanimous consent that the dis­ amendment will be stated. Senator from Montana is handling? tinguished Sehator from Montana (Mr. The legislative clerk read as follows: Mr. METCALF. No. it is not. The b1l1 METCALF) be'recognized for not to ex­ III section 2, after "except for". Insert that we passed, H.R. 12122, went to the ceed 5 minutes. "Section 228 of Title II and Title XVI of the House of Representatives. We received it The PRESIDING OFF'ICER.. Without Social Security Act as It applies to tllesev­ back with an amendment. We now have objection. it is so ordered. ernl States and" moved, or I am going to move in a Dio­ Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, I am off­ ment, to concur in the House amend­ ering ,an amendment which will elimi­ ment, with amendments. CONTINUANCE OF CIVIL GOVERN­ nate from the bill H.R. 12122 a House Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. May I say MENT FOR THE TRUST TERRI­ provision extending certain Social Se­ to the Senator from Montana that the TORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS curity Act programs to the tel'ritory of Senator from Colorado (Mr. GARY HART) Mr. METCALF. Mr. President. I ask Guam. This amendment is being offered has been vel'y much interested in this the Chair to lay before the Senate a on behalf of the Committee on Finance subject, and he is· not here at the mo­ message from the House of Representa- which thoroughly discussed this matter ment. I am wondering whether the Sen­ tives on H.R. 12122. . . in its meeting of March 9, 1976 and vot!ld ator from Montana would agree to lay The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. to request that these Social Security Act this matter aside temporarily until the CURTIS) laid' before the Senate the programs not be extended under H.R. amendment could be examined and Sen­ amendments in the House of Represent­ 12122. While it is true that the two pro­ ator HART could be notified. atiVes to the bill. (H.R. 12122) to amend grams in question--supplemental secu­ Mr. METCALF. I would be delighted section 2 of the act of June 30. 1954. pro­ rity income and special social security to lay it aside. but I am informed that viding for the continuance of ci'lil gov­ benefits for the uninsured-would be ex­ this amendment as passed by the House ernment for the Trust Territory of the tended to the new Northern Marianas of Representattves has the' conCUrrence Pacific Islands, and for other purposes. Commonwealthunder the covenant es­ of Senator GARY HART. (The amendments of the House are tablishing that territory. the Finance We tried to touch all the bases. We printed in the RECORD of March 11, 1976, Committee believes that these programs tried to meet with Senator FANNIN. Sen­ beginning at page 6148.) were not intended to be applicable be­ ator McCLURE, and many other Senators Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I have yond the 50 states and the District of who were concerned with this legisla­ a brief statement on H.R.12122. Columbia. There are in fact separate tion on this specific amendment. The bill Mr. President, H.R. 12122 Was amended programs of assistance for the aged. has passed both the House and the Sen­ by the Senate. which amendment the bUnd,and disabled which now apply to ate. The amendment came over from the House has agreed to with further the jurisdictions of.Guam, Puerto Rico, House. and we feel that we can concur amendments. The House' amendments and the Virgin Islands and which are in the House amendment and the bill as would accomplish two objectives con­ designed to permit locally developed as­ amended by the House. tained in the original version of H.R. sistance plans tailored to the particUlar Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, if the 12122. The House amendments would re­ economic and other circumstances of Senator from Minnesota will yield, may­ authorize the appropriation of $8 million each area. be I can clarify it for the distinguished for the construction of facilities for a 4­ On March 11, therefore, Senator LONG Senator from Virginia. year college to serve the Micronesian as chairman of the Committee on Fi­ Mr. MONDALE. I yield. community. but provides that no appro­ nance introduced legislation which would Mr. FANNIN. This amendment is one priation may be made until the Presi­ provide for the establishment in the being offered on behalf of the FUIance dent has conducted a study to determine Northern Marianas Commonwealth of Committee so we will not be giving the educational need and the most suit­ the Social Security. Act assistance pro­ privileges to Guam that were in the bill able educational concept for such a col­ grams applicable to other territories. At for the Northern Marianas. The first blll lege and has transmitted that stUdy to the time that bill was introduced, the that came over to the Senate from the the Senate and House J'lterior Commit­ Senate had voted to strike from H.R. House gave it to all territories. The sec­ tees, which will 'have 90 calendar days 12122 the provision extending the sup­ ond one that came back over gave it to to review the study recommendations. plemental security income program and Guam. This was taken up in the com­ The second amendment would reinsert the special benefits program from H.R. mittee. and it was agreed that this the original section 2 of H.R. 12122, 12122. Subsequently, the House has again should not be done, and that this pro­ which the Senate deleted in its original added to H.R; 12122 the provision op­ vision would be deleted from it. amendment. Section 2 provides for the posed by the Finance Committee and the So this linIits the amount Guam would extension to Guam of those laws of the amendment I am offering would again be entitled to. in accordance with the bill United. States made applicable to the strike it from the bill. from the House of Representatives. Northern Mariana Islands by the provi­ I ask for the immediate consideration 1\'Ir. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. That is sions of section 502(a) (1) of House Joint of the motion. what the Fannin amendment did? Resolution 549. which approved the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques­ Mr. FANNIN. That is what the Fannin Marianas Commonwealth Covenant. tion is on agreeing to the motion of the amendment did, yes. The objective of section 2 is to equalize Senator from Arizona. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. The only the treatment of Guam and the North­ Mr. METCALF. I concur in the motion. other question I have is this: When the ern Mariana Islands. I Imderstand that The motion was agreed to. blll was before the Senate, it was amend­ j,he distinguished Senator from Arizona, Mr. HARRY F. BYRD. JR. Mr. Presi­ ed in four particular places, as I recall. Mr. FANNIN, has an amendment to offer dent, wlll the Senator from Montana I am taking it from memory. Would one to section 2 on behalf of the Finance yield? of the Senators indicate to me how the Committee. I recommend that the Sen- Mr. METCALF. I do not have the floor. House proposal reads, now that it has 6728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 16,197'6 been amended by the Fannin amend-· and the Senator from Tennessee (A-Ir.' count for approximately three-fourths of ment? BAKER), as well as 19 other cosponsors. the delegates to attend the national'con­ Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, the This amendment would set up a com­ ventions. Thus, we virtually have a de various Senate amendments were agreed mission to study the Presidential nomi­ facto national primary, albeit in a frag­ to by the House, except for the two now nation process in this country. mented form, without ever having before the Senate, that we are calling There is a crying need for this study. adopted it as a matter.of national policy. up before the Senate. One of them is an Itis one of the few faHUl'es of the Found­ The attempts at reform thus far have in­ amendment proposed by the Senator ing Fathers that in the development of cluded proposals for a national primary, from Arizona with which I think all of our Constitution 200 years ago, they regional primaries, and a variation of the us are in agreement. The other amend­ failed to perceive what would be neces­ present system, but there has never been ment is the one we agreed to for $8 mil­ sary for a rational system to nominate a national consensus on any of them. lion for a college, and they modified that candidates for our highest office, the There is a consensus, however, a,mong by saying, "Let us wait until the Presi­ President of the United states. the cosponsors of this resolution and dent determines where the needs for a They believed that tWs country would throughout the country that the system college are, and refer the matter back not have political parties. They believed is badly in need of review. to the respective Interior Committees of instead that, through the electoral sys­ There Is always considerable ·interest the two Houses." tem, distinguished citizens would gather in reforming .the process during a Presi­ We concurred in that amendment. together each 4 years and elect the best dential election year,butlt quicklY fades Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I thank the qualified person to be President of the after the election. Even though.we be­ Senator. That clears up the points in United States. Because they did not ac­ Heve this interest is.Wgher now than which! was interested. curately perceive how the system would ever before, we fear the same thing could Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I move evolve, it never worked out in the way happen again. 'The Commission we ad­ that the Senate concur in the amend­ they intended. Political parties-what vocate would report back with its find­ ments of the House of Representatives, they called factions-immediately arose. ings in early 1977, giving Congress the with amendments. Now there is not a single system unique andcompe1l1ng· opportunity .to The motion was agreed to. of nominating a President, but literally act well in advance of the 1980 elections. 55 different systems, each with a welter Whatever alternative system may be of differing rules, often con1licting. The recommended by this Commission and FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT spectacle of the present system is now adopted by Congress, we believe we can AMENDMENTS OF 1976 obvious to all, and the system has ar­ do much better than the present system. The Senate continued with the con­ rived at the point where· it is. utterly We also.believe. there Is no more l1tting sideration of the bill (S.3065) to amend ludicrous. It undermines the physical effort we could undertake In this Bi.cen­ the Federal Election Campaign Act of capacity of the candidates, it destroys tennial year·than to try to .Improve.one 1971 to provide for its administration by the ability for rational debate, and it is of the most fundamental elements of our a Federal Election Commission appointed a system which now cries out for reform. democracy. ;'. in accordance wi tIl the requirements of Never once in the 200 years of Ameri­ Mr. President, I yield. the Constitution, and for other purposes•. can history has the Presidential nomina­ SeveralSenators addressed the Chair. Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I am tion system been subjected to a compre­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen... going to speak briefly to my amendment, hensive studY. That is what this proposed ator from Oregon is recognized. . but flrst I yield to the Senator from commission would do. Mr. PACKWOOD, Mr. President~ I Connecticut. lt .would be a bipartisanconunission, join with the senator from .~:linnesota PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR with 18 members, to be equally appointed in cosponsoring this resolution and Mr.WEICKER. I thank the distin­ by the President protempore of the sen­ amendment of this bill, . '...... ' guished senator from Minnesota. ate, after advice from the majority and Four years ago I introduced a bill, with Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ minority leaders, the Speaker of the several other.Senators, to establishre­ sent that Michael Scully and Robert House of Representatives, and the Presi­ gional primaries. The bfll had.more edi­ Dotchin of my staff be accorded the dent,with the chairmen of the two na­ torial and academic support I think thim privilege of the floor. tional political parties serving ex officio. any other bill that I have ever intro­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without This commission would be asked to look duced. It had almost no opposition, ex­ objection, it Is so ordered. into allaspects of the nominating proc­ cept from those who preferred a national Mr. HASKELL. Will the Senator yield ess, including the manner in which States primary. And whQe a national primary for a unanimous consent request? conduct Presidential primaries,caucuses, is not my preference, It is an alternative Mr. MONDALE. I yield. and conventions to select delegates to the to consIder. The bili had one hearmg, fell Mr. HASKELL. Mr. President, I ask national nominating .. conventions. It on deaf ears in the Senate a,nd made no unanimous consent that John Cevett, of would look into State laws and rules of progress in the House of Representatives. my staff, be granted the privilege of the national political parties, which govern I have reintroduced itin each Congress 11001' during the consideration of the the participation of voters and candi­ sin.ce I first introduced it, and Congress pending legislation. dates in such primaries and caucuses. It has not acted. . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without would look into Presidential campaign As the Senator from Minnesota has objection, it is so ordered. financing, and the relationship between said, if there is ever any time to pass a Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, I ask the candidate for President and the me­ bill like this, onc would ~hirik it would be unanimous consent that Mickey Barnett dia. It would look into alternative nom­ at ll. time of heat and passion when we of Senator DOMENICI'S staff and Alan inating Systems, including a study of na­ are in the midst of primaries, and I have Holmer and Debbie Robertson of my staff tionaland regional primary systems. Fi­ frankly found that that is when there be accorded the privileges of the floor. nally, it would look into the manner iti seems to be the most interest. About the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without which candidates are nominated for Vice time we get.to the 1list of.May, maybe President. the first of June, atthe latest, the. candi­ objection, it is so ordered. Mr. President, the nominating process dates who remain are tired. They have Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, on be­ desperately. needs a comprehensive re­ flown from New Hampshire to Florida half of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. view of these areas and·the relationship to Illinois .to California, in 1 day Ol"l oc­ GLENN) I ask unanimous consent that of each area to the others, in a way casion, making campaign speeches every the privilege of the floor be accorded to which seeks to resolve the problems con­ place they go, being expected t() Ilound Mr. Walker Nolan of his staff. sistent with clearly defined and broadly rational. I think that kind of a schedule The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without agreed upon goals. is training for. t1;le Olynlllics, but not 01)jection, it is so or4ered. The present systeni of nominating training to be President. About j;hat time 'Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President,the Presidential candidates is close to an­ there becomes a great hue and cry that amendment just called up is cosponsol'ed archy.There arc 55 separate and differ­ we should do something'to reform the b;,' many Senators, including the Sen­ ent systems. This year 30 States will hold primaries, but this is not the time to do r>,tor from Oregon (Mr. PACKWOOD), the separate primaries, eachwithout any re­ it, Let us ,vult; it is too late now. Let us Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEVENSON), lation to the others, and they will ac- wait until this primary season is over J.ltlarch 16t 19'1'6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 6729 and then in the cool and calm of 1973, system. Television offers episodes and in the machinery of political COmbat at was the last cry-now it is. the cool and spectacles: serious comment by serious an unconscionable rate. We are placing calm of 1977-let us look at this with figures on complex issues is ignored or burdens and demands on our leaders and dispassionate objectivity and pass a l'a­ nllsunderstood. potential leaders of the country that are tional reform. The press, exhausted and bewildered, beyond that which should be required of But,then what inevitably happens is is spread too thin by the profusion of them, and which require no particular that as the ardor for tills reform cools, candidates, and the public is hard put evidence of their futUl'e competence to as the primaries are over, and as the to fathom the significance of the epi­ serve in·' the positions to which they Presidential election is decided in No­ sodes and spectacles that now pass for aspire. vember, this is put on a back shelf, no­ Presidential politics. Mr. President, I do not know the final body thinks about it, nobody is disturbed, Mr. President, this process has dem­ answer; that is why I am glad that this and there is not much thought about it ol:1Strated that it can eliminate men well proposal is for a commission. I have sup­ until the following primary season when qualified to occupy the Presidency and I ported the early first utterances, I be­ again this issue bubbles to the top, is count as one. the senior Senator from lieve, of the distingUished junior Senator moved to the front burnel' about Novem­ Minnesota, (Mr. MONDALE) with whom from Oregon. that we should try to figure ber of the year preceding the Presidential I am privileged to cosponsor this out something" perhaps a regional pri­ election year,. and there is again great amendment. This process has also dem­ mal'Y system. But that has problems. For academic comment and editorial en­ onstrated that it can eliminate, and it example, do you draw the lines for the dorsement, but then it is too late to do has, thoughtful men ill-suited for a regions north and south or do you cut anything for that Presidential year. process which subsists upon sensation. a slice east and west and try to gather I, therefore, have joined the Senatol' I cite former Governor Sanford. It has together States that are similar or States from. Minnesota in endorsing this idea not demonstrated that it will produce that are dissimilar? Good arguments of a commission which will report early, only the wisest and strongest in America could be made in both cases. Do you and I think that is a critical part of the to occupy the Presidency, It could be­ have a single national primary? In that amendment, in the hopes that this com­ come a process which only the unfittest case, do you have a runoff? Who pays mission will come up with something that can sUl·vive. the cost? What is the qualifying require­ is preferable to the present hodgepodge This system, Mr. President, is not an ment? Perhaps you even call on Con­ Barnum and Bailey traveling sideshow exercise in American democracy. It is gress to participate in the selection of we have that we call our Presidential a taxpayer sUPPolted mockery of the party nominees. That .might very well primary system, and that we can find system we profess to celebrate in 1976. strengthen the party· responsibility and a rational way of selecting the nominees If there is no better way than this, then even the attractiveness of congressional for our major and I might add minor the experiment begun 200 years ago service to party memberS. Perhaps you parties, so that in 1980 we will not have could fail. There is a better way. We rejuvenate the electoral college. Perhaps to go through instead of 30 or 31 pri­ simply do not know what it is. that is the better way to choose the Vice maries, 35, 40, or 45 primaries throughout The commission proposed by tIllS President,· in the case of a vacancy. this Nation. amendment would recommend better There are 100 variations on these and Mr, President, I yield the fioor. ways to select the American President. other things that suggest themselves in Several Senators addressed the Chair, A myriad of possibilities exist. If created the debate that has been going on for a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- now, . its recommendations· would be long time, at least the last decade, when ator from Dlinois is recognized. available in time for action before the I first began to hear the suggestions that Mr, STEVENSON, Mr. President, I Presidential elections of 1980. If we wait, we had to find a better way to select yield to tile Senator from North Caro­ as the distinguished Senator from Min­ our respective nominees for President lina for a unanimous-consent request. nesota and the distingUished Senator and Vice President for the two major Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, I ask from Oregon mentioned, it could be too political parties. unanimous consent that my legislative late. It is sometimes said, in an unkindly aide, Henry Poole, and the legislative Indeed, I would add to what they say way, that Congress does nothing so well aide of Senator NUNN, Gordon Griffin, that it could be awkward for a President as trying to regulate politics and setting be allowed fioor privileges during the produced by this process to support its own salaries. That really is not so. discussion and debate of the Federal changes in it. I do not think Congress is very good at election matter pending before the Sen­ So, for all these reasons and those ex­ either of these things, and I believe that ate. pressed by my colleagues, Mr. Pl'esident, is additional reason for cOl1stituting the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I urge the Members to approve this commission to stUdy and report to us objection, it is so ordered. amendment. on how we should proceed on this matter. Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. It is an extraordinarily important yield to the Senator from Virginia for GARN) . Who yields time? problem, Mr. President. the same purpose. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I am As some of my colleagues have heard Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ pleased to support this amendment, and me say from time to time, the importance dent, I ask unanimous consent that Phil­ I congratUlate the distingUished prin­ and the relevance of the two-party sys­ lip Reberger of my staff be granted priv­ cipal sponsors of the amendment for tem in the American scheme of things ileges of the fioor during consideration their foresight and wisdom in proposing is often underrated or even overlooked. of the pending legislation. it at this time. The two-party system is an instrumen­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I have long been a supporter of any tality that came late to the Republic. It objection, it is so ordered. reasonable effort to try to rationalize did not come to full flower, I believe, Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. President, a the Presidential nominee selection sys­ until well into the 19th century. It is not Presidential candidac~' today triggers a tem. I have watched at close range for mentioned in the Constitution. It is not thousand skirmishes, a welter of detail, almost 10 years, as a Member of the even memorialized in the statute law of a morass of regulation and dervish-like Senate-and for somewhat longer as an the United States. The two-party system activity all largely beyond the control interested observer of the general politi­ and comprehension of the exhausted is unique in that It has served as the candidate. Today's contender is pres­ cal process-and I believe that the ade­ sensing mechanism by which the people sured to compete in 30 State elections quacies of the present primary system of the country express the range of and hundreds of district elections and and convention mechanism are fairly their desires and their dissent to the caucuses. He is forced to spend money in smnmarized by a remark that was made structures and the engines of Govern­ order to raise money in order to qualify to me recently by one of our Democratic ment. In that way, it becomes effectl\'ely for Federal election subsidies. colleagues who was a candidat.e, who re­ the equivalent of a fourth department of Then the strength of the Presidential turned from the field of battle to say, Government, ranking in importance with candidates is measured by their bank­ "Howard, we simply can·t continue hav­ the executive, the legislative, and the rolls and the applause levels at joint ap­ Ing an election every Tuesday:' judiciary. pearances. The' substance disappears Mr. President, that is truly so. I think If t.hatis true,and I believe it is true; from the hallowed American political we are grinding up good men and women' if partisan politics is that important; If 6730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE March 16, 1976 two-party politics is that unique and Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, Iflnd One pomt on the number of members: special in the American scheme of much merit to the amendment proposed it was our desire here to make certain things; it it is essential, as I believe. to by Senator MONDALE, for himself· and that the Commission was representative the sensing out and determining of the others. of the Senate, of the House, of State iuture policies of America. drawing on I believe that this type of study is long elected officials, of the two pOlitical par­ the collective genius of the people of this overdue. I have a question as to the size ties, and of the general public, as seen country-then it is also important that of the commission. A 20-member com­ by the Presidential appointments. I think we modernize and update the method by mission. with 12 members necessary to the Commission will have no trouble get­ which we select our nominees for Presi­ constitute a quorum. would indicate that ting a quorum because, based on the re­ dent and Vice Pl·esident. it might be some kind of problem to get action we have had around the Nation, I am not reluctant to say that I do not the commission together properly to there is a tremendous amount of interest have the answers. I am in a position, study this matter. That would be my only in getting down to the study of this however, to say that this is a step in question about it. matter. . the right direction. I also wondered to myself about the Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I would I believe that a commission can do a advisability of including it in this bill. be willing to accept the amendment of good service for the country in this re­ I am sort of reluctant to see additional the distinguished Senator. I think it is spect, and I look forward to their rec­ items go into the bill that might possibly a good amendment, as I have said. I only ommendations. I hope every much that give the President some reason to veto had a question as to whether or not it the amendment will be adopted. I com­ it; although I certainly hope he would should be in this bill, and the·second mend the Senator from Minnesota, the not have any reason to veto this. question is the size of the Commission, Senator from Oregon, the Senator from Mr. MONDALE. May I say that the which seems to be a bit unwieldy. But if Illinois, and the Senator from Maryland President, at a recent session with re­ the Senator tells me that is a proper size, for their cosponsorship. porters-I do not have his precise lan­ I am willing to accept the amendment. Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, I ask guage-expressed interest in the estab­ Mr. MONDALE. We do not need a roll­ the distinguished Senator from Minne­ lishment of a commission of this kind. call. sota, the chief sponsor of this amend­ So I believe it is probable that the Presi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques­ ment, it he is willing to accept an addi­ dent would not have an objection to this. tion is on agreeing to the amendment. tion providingfor stUdy to the extent to We have tried to establish a way that The amendment was agreed to. which laws in the Federal Election Cam­ gives him a strong appointive role in the Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. and Mr. paign Act, as amended, promote or retard selection of some of its members. PACKWOOD addressed the Chair. independent candidacies for election to In terms of the timing of this amend­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ the office of President. ment, what I am afraid of is this: We ator from Oregon is recognized. Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I dis­ now have 30 primaries, each on different Mr. PACKWOOD. I send an amend­ cussed this matkr with the distinguished days, established, as the chairman of the mentto the desk that does not have a Senator from Maryland. I believe the committee well knows, with no sense of number, but I want to call it UP. I ask modification makes good sense. It adds relationship at all. I think that, on June unanimous consent for its immediate another subject for the Commission to 8, there will be Presidential primaries in consideration. study which surely is deserving of study. California, Ohio, and New Jersey on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Therefore, I modify my amendment to same day. In the previous week, I think amendment will be stated. add that section-- there are three other Presidential pri­ The legislative clerk read as follows: Mr. MATHIAS. It would be section 8, maries. A candidate would need a super.;. On page 37, Une 6,. after -,'subject" Insert appearing on page 4. sonic jet and maybe SkYlab to fly over the followIng: ", except that expenditures Mr. MONDALE. I so modify my all of them, let alone campaign in them for any such communications which express­ amendment. and be understood by the voters in those ly advocate the election or defeat of e. clear­ States. ly identified candidate must be reported to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the Commission In accordance with section amendment is so modified. The system is beyond human propor­ 304(e) ". _ The modification is as follows: tions. It is no longer rational. No one On page 37, Une 10, after "famllles" in­ On page 4 add the following subsection (8) knows that better than the distinguished sert the following:". except that expendi­ after Une 14: chairman of the committee. who has tures for any such nonpartisan registration "(8) the extent to which state laws and spent much of his career in the Senate and get-out-the-votecarnpatgns must bere­ the Federal Election Campaign Act, as trying to make election laws work for ported to the Commission under section 304 amended, promote or retard Independent the people of tlus country. This Com­ (e)". candidacies for election to the-offlce of Presi­ mission is established in a way that I Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, this dent." hope will help the committee prepare amendment is designed to carry further Mr. MONDALE. I also modify the such reform measures as are needed be­ the efforts at disclosure that have amendment to add the following lan­ fore the next Presidential election in started in this Congress in the last few guage on page 2, l1ne 8, following the 1980. What I am afraid of is that if we years. This is aimed both at business and word "Senate": do not act now, when practically every­ at the unions. Under the present law, On recommendation of the majority and body who has looked at the nomination and under this bill, corporations are free minority leaders, system is crying out for reform, includ­ to use corporatemoney to appeal totheir ing the candidates, we shall do as we shareholders or to their corporate offi· So that it would read: have done for the previous 200 years: eel'S and administrative. personnel, and Six members shall be appointed by the Just come up to the next election, when unions are free to use union money to President pro tempore of the Senate on it is too late for reform and go through the recommendation of the majority and mi­ communicate with their members­ nority leaders. the same crazy-quilt system that we see union dues; we are not talking about today. COPE dues here, or the voluntary coil­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the I think this is a modest proposal. It tributions. We are' talking about union Senator send the modification to the has received very wide-ranging support money, dues. All this- amendment does­ _desk? from editorialists around the country. I and let us be.frank about it-is require Mr. MONDALE.I so modify my know of no opposition to it. The Pl'esi­ that corporations lind unions, when t11ey amendment. dent commentedfavprably about the are using corporate money or union dues, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The need for such a commission a few weeks file. under section 304