ROCK ART OF AFRICA NIGER

N IGE R

www.africanrockart.org www.arcadiafund.org.uk www.britishmuseum.org Mammanet 4 007...... 92 Djaba 001...... 1 Mammanet 5 008...... 92 Djado 002...... 1 Mammanet 6 009...... 93 Djado 003...... 2 Black Mountains 010...... 94 Djado 004...... 3 Last Tassili 011...... 99 Djado 005...... 8 Dumbell Site 012...... 103 Djado 006...... 9 Mythical Giraffe 013...... 105 Djado 007...... 13 Tadek Well 014...... 108 Djado 008...... 14 Dabous 001...... 109 Djado 009...... 16 Kolo 002...... 153 Easter Aiir Mountain 001... 18 Akbar Site 003...... 154 Ankom Monoliths 003...... 31 Rock Arch Site 004...... 157 Iwellene 001...... 32 Akore Guelta 005...... 161 Northern Air Mountains 002 67 Egatairaghe 007...... 165 Tirreghamis rain queen 003 72 Telahlaghe 008...... 168 Grebounni 004...... 88 Dinousour...... 171 Mammanet 2 005...... 91 Iferouane 010...... 172 Mammanet 3 006...... 91

P.O. Box 24122, Nairobi 00502, Tel: +(254) 20 3884467/3883735, Fax: +(254) 20 883674, Email: [email protected], www.africanrockart.org ISBN 9966-7055-8-9 Photos © David Coulson / TARA unless credited otherwise. Design & Layout by Richard Wachara Rock Art of Africa NIGER

DJABA 001

NIGDJD0010005 NIGDJD0010009 NIGDJD0010001 View of the town showing crumbling Elailau 011...... 173 View of the town showing crumbling buildings perched on sandstone buildings perched on sandstone outcrop and date palms. New Giraffe Site 012...... 177 outcrop and date palms. Warrior Site Indakatte 013.. 179 Two Lions Site 014...... 186 ,Q¿VVDK 187 NIGDJD0010005/6 View of the town showing crumbling buildings perched on sandstone Batcha 016...... 193 outcrop and date palms. Telouoes 017...... 195 NIGDJD0010002 NIGDJD0010010 View of the town showing crumbling Kori Dabous 018...... 196 buildings perched on sandstone outcrop and date palms. Ekarkawi 019...... 197 Small Giraffe 020...... 200 DJADO 002 3rd Lion Site 021...... 200 NIGDJD0010007 Elephant 022...... 200 NIGDJD0010002/3 View of Djado Town set on sandstone Sandstone outcrop, about 200 metres outcrop. Old lion 023...... 201 from west end of Djaba (visible in background. Panel of pecked gira!e and antelope on vertical face. See Not at Site...... 201 NIGDJD0010004 for close-up of gira!e engravings. Niger people...... 215 NIGDJD0020001 Pecked outline engraving of hyaena facing left, superimposed by very crude pecked outline engraving of predator (hyaena?) or animal with two ears and two short horns. Several pecked outline engravings NIGDJD0010008 of cattle with tall upright horns. See View of the town showing crumbling NIGDJD0020002 for direct view with buildings perched on sandstone scale bar. outcrop and date palms. NIGDJD0010004 Crudely pecked engravings of gira!e and cattle. Scale bar.

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NIGDJD0020002 NIGDJD0030007 Direct view of engravings in Direct view of elephant in NIGDJD0020001. Scale bar. NIGDJD0030006. Scale bar.

DJADO 003

NIGDJD0030004 NIGDJD0030010 Close-up of elephant superimposed Pecked engraving of Libyan Warrior NIGDJD0040002 NIGDJD0040005 by snake’s head in with double-triangle body wearing Upper surface of sandstone tabletop. Incised and pecked engravings over NIGDJD0030002 & 5. headdress with three feathers and Ground depressions, two geometric ground hollows. See NIGDJD0040010 skirt, hands raised, one touching shapes (NIGDJD0040067) in for details. NIGDJD0030001 small ostrich. Below left, crudely foreground. ground image of cow facing left. Scale bar.

DJADO 004

NIGDJD0030008 Detail of three sets of deeply ground NIGDJD0030005 grooves resembling gira!e. Scale bar On sandstone cli! face, two large NIGDJD0040003 pecked outline engravings of Looking over the edge of the tabletop elephant walking right. One elephant and up the enneri. In the foreground, NIGDJD0030002 has trunk raised (NIGDJD0030003), large incised engraving of animal On sandstone cli! face, two large while other has snake with antelope/ facing right superimposing ground pecked outline engravings of gira!e’s head superimposing front leg. depressions. elephant walking right. One elephant Early Hunter Period. Scale bar. has trunk raised (NIGDJD0030003), while other has snake with antelope/ gira!e’s head superimposing front leg. Early Hunter Period. NIGDJD0040006 NIGDJD0030009 Large incised engraving of elephant Long sets of ground grooves facing right superimposing on sandstone pavement near ground depressions and small NIGDJD0030002-7. See also incised engraving of rhinoceros NIGDJD0030008. Scale bar. NIGDJD0040001 superimposing its front leg (Early Hunter Period). Small cupule. Upper surface of sandstone tabletop. NIGDJD0040004 Ground depressions, two geometric Large incised engraving of elephant NIGDJD0030006 shapes (NIGDJD0040067) in facing right superimposing Outline engraving of elephant. foreground. ground depressions and small Early Hunter Period. See also incised engraving of rhinoceros NIGDJD0030007. NIGDJD0030003 superimposing its front leg (Early Close-up of elephant with trunk raised Hunter Period). Small cupule. in NIGDJD0030002 & 5. 2 3 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

(Early Hunter Period and see NIGDJD0040017-18). Depressions circled by double line. Small engravings of interlocked cattle with deformed horns (either late Early Hunter or early Pastoral Period). Geometric formed of pecked dotted lines. In background, semi-rectangle with three parallel bars at one end. NIGDJD0040011 Looking across side of tabletop with numerous ground depressions. Incised engraving of animal superimposes depressions. NIGDJD0040047 Pecked outline engraving of gira!e with some lightly incised decoration on body (Pastoral Period). Scale bar. NIGDJD0040031 Fine-line incised engraving of gira!e facing right (probably Pastoral Period). NIGDJD0040008 NIGDJD0040024 Details of engravings in Recording engravings on the NIGDJD0040005. Left, incised sandstone tabletop. engraving of large animal with head missing superimposed by incised engraving of cow with deliberately deformed horns facing right and small pecked engraving of cow facing left. Middle, large incised engraving of cow with deliberately deformed horns facing up with deeply pecked cupule on stomach, and small cupules. Right, NIGDJD0040016 incisions and pecking. NIGDJD0040012 Sandstone slab with ground depressions. In foreground, incised engravings of two rhinoceros facing NIGDJD0040025 NIGDJD0040053 each other, one with heads up and Detail of rhinos in NIGDJD0040012. Incised engraving of elephant above other with head down (Early Hunter Note more recent pecking along left incised engraving of cow. Pecked Period). See also NIGDJD0040025 for rhino’s back and cupule in shoulder of animal partially superimposing details of rhinos. right rhino. elephant’s head, and recent pecked lines (animal’s legs?) over cow’s NIGDJD0040043 back. Pecked animal facing left over Aerial view of chariot drawn by oxen. cow’s front leg. Recent grinding NIGDJD0040017 Charioteer holding iron-tipped spear in depression. Cupule. See also (Horse Period). NIGDJD0040055 for details of cow.

NIGDJD0040010 Details of engravings in NIGDJD0040005. Left, incised engraving of large animal with head missing superimposed by incised engraving of cow with deliberately NIGDJD0040029 deformed horns facing right and small Incised engraving of rhinoceros facing pecked engraving of cow facing left. left (Early Hunter Period) Cupules. Middle, large incised engraving of NIGDJD0040016/17/18 cow with deliberately deformed horns Details from NIGDJD0040013 facing up with deeply pecked cupule & 14. Deeply incised elephant on stomach, and small cupules. Right, superimposing ground depression NIGDJD0040044 incisions and pecking. NIGDJD0040014 (Early Hunter Period). Incised outline engraving of ostrich NIGDJD0040055 Ground depressions. Elephant Shallowly incised cattle facing right Detail of cow in NIGDJD0040053. Note facing left superimposes depression (probably early Pastoral Period). (probably Pastoral Period). Cupules. double head and four horns.

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NIGDJD0040062 NIGDJD0040068 NIGDJD00400105 Incised engraving of decorated ‘belt’ Incised engraving of cow facing left Incised engraving of gira!e facing and ‘"ap’ (Pastoral Period). with three cows’ heads in front of its right. Head and swept back horn of head (Pastoral Period). cow facing right (probably Pastoral NIGDJD0040056 Period. Sandal superimposes gira!e Incised engraving of elephant above (Horse/Camel Period). incised engraving of cow. Pecked animal partially superimposing elephant’s head, and recent pecked lines (animal’s legs?) over cow’s back. Pecked animal facing left over NIGDJD0040099 cow’s front leg. Recent grinding NIGDJD0040085 Geometric design symbolising ‘belt’ in depression. Cupule. See also Broken incised engraving of gira!e and ‘apron’. Cupule. Scale bar. NIGDJD0040055 for details of cow. facing left (Early Hunter Period). More recent pecked circular shape and #ve NIGDJD0040063 pecked cupules. Incised engraving of decorated ‘belt’ NIGDJD0040073 and ‘"ap’ (Pastoral Period). Scale bar. Incised schematic cow facing left. Elongated sandal shapes. Ground NIGDJD00400109 cupules. Incised engraving of rhinoceros facing left (Early Hunter Period). Cupules.

NIGDJD00400100 Incised engraving of rhinoceros, head lowered, facing left NIGDJD0040090 (Early Hunter Period). Incised engraving of cow facing right superimposed over rhino’s(?) head. NIGDJD0040058 Incised outline person wearing skirt NIGDJD0040081 (Horse Period). Scale bar. Incised engraving of rhinoceros facing NIGDJD00400113 left with smaller incised engraving Incised engraving of rhinoceros facing of second rhino below its head (Early left (Early Hunter Period). Hunter Period). Cupule.

NIGDJD00400103 NIGDJD0040067 Incised engraving of domestic cow Incised geometric shapes. Note rows with double line below jaw facing of three small cupules divided by a NIGDJD0040097 right (Pastoral Period). Note more line (probably Early Hunter Period). Incised engraving of rhinoceros recent pecking and some grinding on facing right (Early Hunter Period). cow’s body. NIGDJD0040060 Pecked engraving of horse facing left and, upside-down, incised engraving NIGDJD0040083 of double triangle person with cupule Incised engraving of two gira!es for head and headdress facing left (probably Early Hunter (Horse Period). Period). 6 7 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

DJADO 005

NIGDJD00500008 NIGDJD00500011 NIGDJD00500014 NIGDJD00600004 Five red people wearing skirts. Details from NIGDJD0050010. Two red Two naked red men run right above NIGDJD00500001/2 Bichrome #gure wearing white people, bichrome decorated gira!e, decorated gira!e. Both men wear Looking up Blaka Enneri, a major river britches and headdress. Faded red cow with deformed horns facing headdresses and hold sticks. valley that cuts through the Djado #gure holding spear. Small black horizontal man with elongated legs. Plateau for about 150 km. #gure (with possible animal’s heads) See also NIGDJD0050012-14. wearing cloak and hunched to right; small black animal with trunk (elephant?). Scale bar.

NIGDJD00500005 Fallen sandstone slab lying before NIGDJD00600001/2/3/4 shelter in NIGDJD0050003. Number of Looking up riverbed with inselberg in deeply-pecked cupules along upper background. surface of fallen slab. NIGDJD00500014 Two naked red men run right above NIGDJD00500003 decorated gira!e. Both men wear Sandstone shelter in the cli! headdresses and hold sticks. bordering Enneri Blaka. NIGDJD00500009 Direct view of crude red paintings in NIGDJD0050006. Person wearing skirt, person running, several small #gures, DJADO 006 crude animals including possible elephant. Scale bar. NIGDJD00600005 NIGDJD00500006 On boulder lying on inselberg Oblique view of red paintings on NIGDJD00500012 summit, two outline engravings of back wall of shelter. People and Details from NIGDJD0050010-11. white rhinoceros facing right. See also crude unidenti#ed animals. See Gira!e and two running men. NIGDJD0060035. NIGDJD0050009 for direct view.

NIGDJD00600001

NIGDJD00500010 Cow(?) facing right with white body outlined in red and red legs. Bichrome cow facing left with deliberately deformed horns. Red decorated cow NIGDJD00500004 NIGDJD00500013 facing left with deliberately deformed NIGDJD00600006 Bichrome cow with deformed horns NIGDJD00500007 horns. Bichrome gira!e and two On boulder lying on inselberg faces horizontal man with elongated Red paintings of people. Left, three red people (NIGDJD0050011-12 & summit, two outline engravings of legs. naked running men; person facing 14. Bichrome cow facing right with NIGDJD00600002 white rhinoceros facing right. See also forwards wearing short decorated horizontal red #gure NIGDJD0050011 NIGDJD0060035. Scale bar. dress. Man running left and elongated & 13). Group of small red people. man holding two sticks. Large man Person with raised arms facing running left holding bow. forwards.

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facing forwards, holding upright stick in raised hand above maroon cow facing right. Cow has ‘bash’ marks on body. Vertical engraved line above cow and parallel to painted stick. At left of panel, patterned ‘bash’ marks superimpose painting. See also NIGDJD0060017-18.

NIGDJD00600007 NIGDJD00600013 NIGDJD00600020 NIGDJD00600024 Row of gira!es in outline with Scene of dogs with sable and man Flat topped rock with stone stools some internal pecking. See holding bow in NIGDJD0060019 surrounding it. Modern. NIGDJD0060008-9 for direct view and and tall painted engraving of gira!e scale. facing left. Right, outline engraving of gira!e facing left with three maroon pigment daubs on body. NIGDJD00600010 Group of outline gazelle running left. See also NIGDJD0060012 & 40. NIGDJD00600017 Row of painted men superimposing engraved cow.

NIGDJD00600014 NIGDJD00600008 Pecked outline elephant striding left. Direct view of gira!e engravings NIGDJD00600021 in NIGDJD0060007. From left, row of nine gira!es. Lower row of three gira!es and large outline oval in-#lled with block-pecking.

NIGDJD00600018 NIGDJD00600025 Row of painted men superimposing Looking along sides of inselberg in engraved cow. NIGDJD0060001-2 & 23.

NIGDJD00600022 NIGDJD00600015 On back wall of shelter, long NIGDJD00600011 Small shelter above inselberg talus Group of outline gazelle running left. scene of painted men facing left slope containing paintings and superimposing engraved cow See also NIGDJD0060012 & 40. engravings. Scale bar. facing right (NIGDJD0060016), tall painted man holding stick above NIGDJD00600009 cow, second cow and second row Direct view of gira!e engravings of #gures wearing dresses. See also in NIGDJD0060007. From left, row NIGDJD0060016-18. of nine gira!es. Lower row of three gira!es and large outline oval in-#lled with block-pecking. Scale bar. NIGDJD00600019 NIGDJD00600026 Left, two red dogs face sable Looking up riverbed with inselberg in antelope. Right, red man faces left background. holding loaded bow and arrow and superimposes outline engraved antelope (sable?) with horns held NIGDJD00600016 back running right. Extreme right, NIGDJD00600012 Row of bichrome men with elongated front legs of painted engraving of Group of outline gazelle running left. legs face left, each with hands gira!e. See NIGDJD0060020. See also NIGDJD0060012 & 40. extended to man in front. Men Scale bar. superimpose outline engraving of NIGDJD00600023 cow facing right. Tall faded man Looking up riverbed with inselberg in background. 10 11 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

cupules and eroded outline man DJADO 007 to left.

NIGDJD00600027 NIGDJD00600031 NIGDJD00600035 NIGDJD00600039 Enneri Blaka with sandstone Checking for archaeological artifacts Two outline rhinoceros on boulder Incised outline goat/sheep facing left inselbergs. at base of inselberg. (NIGDJD0060005-6). and superimposing earlier engravings of cattle(?). NIGDJD00700001 NIGDJD00700005 Close-up of engraving of elephant with rounded body and trunk raised facing left in NIGDJD0070004, and see NIGDJD0070006 for extension of NIGDJD0070004-5 to left.

NIGDJD00700001/2 NIGDJD00600028 NIGDJD00600036 Sandstone outcrop, known generally Preparing to camp in Enneri Blaka. NIGDJD00600040 Large, deeply-engraved gira!es on as ‘Little Submarine’ rises in middle of Group of incised gazelle running left. eroding cli!. wadi "oor. Schematic gira!e. Cupules.

NIGDJD00600032 Distant alcove in NIGDJD0060033.

NIGDJD00600029 NIGDJD00700006 Extension to left of elephant panel NIGDJD00600037 NIGDJD00600041 NIGDJD00700003 NIGDJD0070004-5. Top, large outline Outline engraved cow with Bichrome painting in maroon and Rhinoceros facing right with incised incised animal (antelope?) facing deliberately deformed horn facing white of antelope with elongated and polished outlines. Pecked left above outline naked man facing left. Note chalk damage in engraved neck facing left. antelope facing right superimposes forwards, raised hand holding object. outline made by photographer. rhino’s stomach. NIGDJD00600033 Small protected alcoves along cli! at top of inselberg talus slope. See also NIGDJD0060032.

NIGDJD00600042 NIGDJD00600038 NIGDJD00700004 NIGDJD00700007 (IMAGE IS FLIPPED) Bichrome painting Pecked outline cow with up-swept Elephant with rounded body and Elephant with incised and polished in maroon and white of antelope with horns facing right. Scale bar. trunk raised faces left. Outlines outline, pointed tusks and trunk elongated neck facing left. Scale bar. NIGDJD00600029/30 are carefully incised and polished. twisted up to possible gira!e’s head Looking down on vehicle from near NIGDJD00600034 Cupules. See NIGDJD0070005 for and cupules. See NIGDJD0070008 for summit of inselberg. Shelter at base of inselberg cli! face. better detail of elephant’s head, scale bar. 12 13 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

#rst gira!e’s shoulder. Pecked outline block-pecked and recessed engraving animal facing left at second gira!e’s of domestic cow with deliberately front hoof.. Pecked outline animal deformed horn facing right facing right below second gira!e’s (NIGDJD0080008-9). Second block- head. See also NIGDJD0080002-4 and pecked cow with widely up-swept NIGDJD0080009. horns to right of gira!es. Outline animal facing right superimposed by #rst gira!e’s shoulder. Pecked outline animal facing left at second gira!e’s front hoof.. Pecked outline animal NIGDJD00700008 facing right below second gira!e’s NIGDJD00800012 Elephant with incised and polished head. See also NIGDJD0080002-4 and Pecked outline engraving of cow outline, pointed tusks and trunk NIGDJD0080009. with pecked in-#lling. Cow has twisted up to possible gira!e’s head oval pecking between horns and cupules. Scale bar. (NIGDJD0080014). Small pecked outline cow with wide up-swept NIGDJD00800004 horns. Crude pecked outline cow Direct views of panel in below #rst cow’s head. Elongated NIGDJD0080001 & 5. block-pecked ostrich behind crudely pecked antelope. At top left, second block-pecked ostrich. Top, legs of two NIGDJD00800009 gira!es facing right. Top right, crudely Tuareg looking at gira!es in pecked antelope. NIGDJD0080001-6. Note grooves carved into base of rock. NIGDJD00800007 Details from engraved panel NIGDJD00700009 in NIGDJD0080001-6 and Deeply incised with all lines polished, NIGDJD0080009. Block-pecked and recessed cow with deliberately male kudu facing left. Note how NIGDJD00800002 natural shape of rock has been used deformed horns superimposing Direct views of panel in neck of decorated gira!e. Head of to describe body of engraved right- NIGDJD0080001 & 5. facing cow’s head at middle by crack. Decorated gira!e.

NIGDJD00800013 DJADO 008 Pecked outline engraving of cow NIGDJD00800010 NIGDJD00800005 with pecked in-#lling. Cow has oval pecking between horns (NIGDJD0080014). Small pecked outline cow with wide up-swept horns. Crude pecked outline cow below #rst cow’s head. Elongated block-pecked ostrich behind crudely pecked antelope. At top left, second block-pecked ostrich. Top, legs of two gira!es facing right. Top right, crudely pecked antelope. Scale bar. NIGDJD00800001 On free-standing sandstone boulder, oblique view of pecked engravings including outline gira!e facing left next to outline and decorated engraving of large gira!e with polished legs and hooves facing left. Second gira!e’s neck superimposes NIGDJD00800005/6 NIGDJD00800008 block-pecked and recessed engraving NIGDJD00800003 On free-standing sandstone boulder, of domestic cow with deliberately oblique view of pecked engravings Details from engraved panel Direct views of panel in in NIGDJD0080001-6 and deformed horn facing right NIGDJD0080001 & 5. Scale bar. including outline gira!e facing (NIGDJD0080008-9). Second block- left next to outline and decorated NIGDJD0080009. Block-pecked pecked cow with widely up-swept engraving of large gira!e with and recessed cow with deliberately NIGDJD00800010/11 horns to right of gira!es. Outline polished legs and hooves facing left. deformed horns superimposing Oblique view of several pecked animal facing right superimposed by Second gira!e’s neck superimposes neck of decorated gira!e. Head of outline cows with deliberately Decorated gira!e. deformed horns facing right. 14 15 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

DJADO 009 deliberately deformed horns facing right. See also NIGDJD0090010-12.

NIGDJD00900006 NIGDJD00800017 NIGDJD00900004 Scene of bichrome red and white On eroded sandstone cli!, deeply Scene of bichrome red and white NIGDJD00900001 cattle (red now mainly disappeared) pecked outline engraving with cattle (red now mainly disappeared) Enneri Tellei with towering sandstone superimposing a number of faded random internal pecking of animal cli!s in background and preparations superimposing a number of faded pink gira!e facing right. At top, small NIGDJD00900010 (cow?) facing right below similar for establishing camp in the middle pink gira!e facing right. At top, small white man holding bow. Upper Scene in NIGDJD0090009 of gira!es smaller engraving. Scale bar. distance. white man holding bow. Upper middle, bichrome cattle walking right middle, bichrome cattle walking right and cattle. with bichrome man wearing back with bichrome man wearing back skirt and headdress. Thin red line skirt and headdress. Thin red line (rein?) from man to head of animal (rein?) from man to head of animal at right. Lower middle, several white at right. Lower middle, several white and bichrome cows. Bichrome man NIGDJD00800014 and bichrome cows. Bichrome man with headdress standing behind Block-pecked oval between cow’s with headdress standing behind white cow. Two bichrome men, one horn’s (suggestive of Egyptian sacred white cow. Two bichrome men, one with white legs and other with white cow, Neith, which held moon with white legs and other with white arms. Bottom left, two men. Faded between horns?). arms. Bottom left, two men. Faded cattle including polychrome cow with cattle including polychrome cow maroon saddle(?). Bottom right, faded with maroon saddle(?). Bottom right, maroon cow superimposing rear faded maroon cow superimposing NIGDJD00800018 NIGDJD00900002 hoofs of white cow. rear hoofs of white cow. Scale bar. Crudely engraved animal (cow?) Shallow cave at base of sandstone cli! facing right. Possible cupules. with paintings (NIGDJD0090004-8) Scale bar. visible on ceiling at top left. See NIGDJD0090003.

NIGDJD00800015 On free-standing sandstone boulder, two fairly small deeply pecked gira!es NIGDJD00900011 Scene in NIGDJD0090009 of gira!es with decorated legs and bodies. Right NIGDJD00900008 and cattle. Scale bar. gira!e’s head touches neck of eroded Pink/orange elephant facing right. gira!e facing right. White cows. Person riding cow. Crude NIGDJD00800019 NIGDJD00900003 maroon and cream gira!e Camels on stony plain, low sandstone Looking out of shallow cave in facing right. mountains and drifted sand, Djado, NIGDJD0090002. northeast Niger.

NIGDJD00900005 Two white cows with udders and with calves. Three mythical predators NIGDJD00900012 (therianthropes) with erect bodies. Close-up cattle in NIGDJD0090009-11. NIGDJD00800016 Left maroon predator has four legs The black patina in the shape of the On free-standing sandstone boulder, and tail, stands upright and looks at cattle has been scraped o! the rock two fairly small deeply pecked gira!es two white and spotted red upright NIGDJD00900009 before painting started. with decorated legs and bodies. Right predators facing each other. Panel of white paintings on outside gira!e’s head touches neck of eroded cli!. Top, two gira!es. Bottom, gira!e facing right. Scale bar. faded gira!e and white cattle with 16 17 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

EASTERN AR MOUNTAIN 001

NIGDJD00900013 NIGEAM0010009/10 NIGEAM00100013 River gorge leading to shallow cave in Pecked men facing forwards Eroded engravings of coiling shapes NIGDJD0090002-3. with round heads and faces (snakes?) and possible large head NIGEAM00100001 wearing leather clothes, earrings with headdress (NIGEAM0010015). Wadi running east through sandstone and head feathers, Metal-tipped More recent pecked engravings of gorge into remains of sand-#lled javelins and spear. Man riding decorated gira!es (NIGEAM0010016). volcano. horse. Camel. Ti#nagh script. Probably Pastoral and Horse Periods. Mainly Horse Period. See also See also NIGEAM0010014-15. NIGEAM0010101-103 for distant view of panel, NIGEAM0010120 and NIGEAM0010122 for details of central NIGEAM00100004 NIGEAM00100007 #gures, and NIGEAM0010121 for right Close-up of gira!e in Sections of panel in NIGEAM0010029. side of panel. NIGEAM0010003. Pecked engravings include warrior with spear, decorated cattle, ostriches, NIGDJD00900014 crude man with stick and camel(?). Artefact resembling a knife ground Scale bar. out of granite. Scale bar.

NIGEAM00100002 Pecked engravings of decorated NIGEAM00100014 gira!e. Note, two left gira!e appear Closer view of engravings in each to have an arm while right gira!e NIGEAM0010013. has taken human stance with front legs hanging like human arms. NIGEAM00100011 NIGEAM00100005 Sandstone buttress with pecked Close-up of domestic bull and dog. engravings of ostriches, cows, man Head of reptile. #ring bow, block-pecked lions and NIGEAM00100008 possible gira!e facing left, recent animal bent double and some NIGDJD00900015 Wadi running through sandstone scratching. Horse Period. Scale bar. Artefact resembling a knife ground gorge. out of granite.

NIGEAM00100003 Boulder with pecked, decorated gira!e (NIGEAM0010004 & NIGEAM0010105), head lowered NIGEAM00100006 amid small eroded animal images. Pecked Libyan Warrior wearing Right, outline domestic bull and headdress and holding spear. Outline dog (NIGEAM0010005), stick NIGEAM00100012 and decorated gazelle. Small crude NIGEAM00100009 man with arms spread, crude outline horse. Horse Period. Block-pecked engraving of man NIGDJD00900016 ostriches and block-pecked reptile. holding stick/musical pipe(?) to Probably Horse Period. See also mouth. Crudely pecked outline NIGEAM00100015 NIGEAM0010061 & NIGEAM0010064, gira!e. Possible engraved head and NIGEAM0010072-74, NIGEAM0010078 headdress in NIGEAM0010013-14. & NIGEAM0010105-106.

18 19 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGEAM00100016 NIGEAM00100022 NIGEAM00100025 NIGEAM00100028 Close-up of pecked gira!es and Fallen sandstone slab with block- Pecked outline engravings of two More direct view of engravings in possible antelope in NIGEAM0010013. pecked man facing forwards, rhinoceros. NIGEAM0010027. Gira!e, horse, hands raised and #ngers animals, Ti#nagh script. extended. Head feathers. See also NIGEAM0010023, NIGEAM0010070 & NIGEAM0010075-76.

NIGEAM00100019 NIGEAM00100031 Close-up of man and ostrich in NIGEAM0010030. NIGEAM00100026 Pecked outline engravings of two rhinoceros. Scale bar. NIGEAM00100029 Smooth panel with numerous outline pecked engravings including ostriches, cows, camel, rhinoceros, antelope, horses, gira!e decorated with net pattern, and Ti#nagh script. Outline man with round head wearing skirt NIGEAM00100017 NIGEAM00100019/20 holding spear and superimposing Lower grindstone shaped Sandstone boulder with two block- bull (NIGEAM0010033). into Neolithic bowl. See also pecked engravings of Libyan Warriors See NIGEAM0010007 & NIGEAM0010125. wearing head feathers. One warrior holds bow, quiver, shield and short NIGEAM0010110-111 for section stick. Third crudely pecked #gure NIGEAM00100023 of panel and NIGEAM0010112 for facing forwards. Horse Period. See Direct view of man in extension of panel to right. also NIGEAM0010056-57. NIGEAM0010020-21. Note necklace, Horse Period. tight #tting clothes and possible sticks in hands. “Bash’ marks on side of rock suggest rock gong. Horse Period. Scale bar.

NIGEAM00100032 Close-up of man and ostrich in NIGEAM00100018 NIGEAM0010030. Scale bar. Lower grindstone shaped NIGEAM00100027 into Neolithic bowl. See also Oblique view of large engraved NIGEAM0010125. NIGEAM00100021 panel including gira!e and animals NIGEAM00100030 Fallen sandstone slab with block- with square bodies, horse and Ti#nagh script with some symbols pecked man facing forwards, Ti#nagh script. Horse Period. rubbed. Ostrich facing left. Man hands raised and #ngers See also NIGEAM0010028 & facing forwards wearing fringed extended. Head feathers. See also NIGEAM00100024 NIGEAM0010065-66. dress, headdress with drooping tassel NIGEAM0010023, NIGEAM0010070 & Pecked engraving of Warrior with and dangling earrings, hand raised NIGEAM0010075-76. Scale bar. round head, dangling earrings, (NIGEAM0010031-32). Second crude ‘leather’ suit and hands raised person to right below possible standing next to small horse. Second outline gira!e. more-recent crudely pecked man. Horse Period. 20 21 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

horse. Camel. Ti#nagh script. Mainly Horse Period. See also NIGEAM0010101-103 for distant view of panel, NIGEAM0010120 and NIGEAM0010122 for details of central #gures, and NIGEAM0010121 for right side of panel.

NIGEAM00100038 NIGEAM00100043 NIGEAM00100048 NIGEAM00100033 NIGEAM00100054 Two pecked decorated ostriches. Regular scratch marks on rock possibly Close-up from NIGEAM0010007 & Gira!e facing left. Pecked outline made by track of military vehicle. NIGEAM0010029. Man superimposing cow. Man facing forwards, stick decorated bull, antelope, ostriches, in hand. Antelope (oryx?) with horse and crude second man. Possible block-pecked body facing right camel facing left. (NIGEAM0010045-46). See also NIGEAM0010039-43. Horse Period.

NIGEAM00100051

NIGEAM00100049 NIGEAM00100054/55 Pecked men facing forwards Pecked engravings of stylized men, with round heads and faces horses shield and spear. Tuareg claim wearing leather clothes, earrings engravings are symbols announcing NIGEAM00100045 and head feathers, Metal-tipped ownership of a well and the reason Close-ups of antelope, probably javelins and spear. Man riding why inhabitants left. Scale bar. oryx, in NIGEAM0010035, horse. Camel. Ti#nagh script. NIGEAM0010039-46 and Mainly Horse Period. See also NIGEAM00100035 NIGEAM0010051. Lunch break. NIGEAM0010101-103 for distant NIGEAM00100039 view of panel, NIGEAM0010120 and Closer views of engravings in NIGEAM0010122 for details of central NIGEAM0010035 & 51, ostriches, #gures, and NIGEAM0010121 for right gira!e, antelope and man. side of panel.

NIGEAM00100036 NIGEAM00100046 Large Neolithic grindstones. See Close-ups of antelope, probably NIGEAM00100052 NIGEAM0010071 for close-up of lower oryx, in NIGEAM0010035, Large Neolithic grindstones. See NIGEAM00100056 and upper grindstones. NIGEAM0010039-46 and NIGEAM0010071 for close-up of lower NIGEAM00100041 NIGEAM0010051. and upper grindstones.

NIGEAM00100050 NIGEAM00100041/42 Pecked men facing forwards NIGEAM00100037 Closer views of engravings in NIGEAM00100047 with round heads and faces Sand "oor #lling extinct volcano. NIGEAM0010035 & 51, ostriches, NIGEAM00100053 The high dune at Arakaou. wearing leather clothes, earrings gira!e, antelope and man. Large Neolithic grindstones. See and head feathers, Metal-tipped NIGEAM0010071 for close-up of lower NIGEAM00100056/57 javelins and spear. Man riding and upper grindstones. Libyan Warriors. 22 23 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

and head feathers, Metal-tipped javelins and spear. Man riding horse. Camel. Ti#nagh script. Mainly Horse Period. See also NIGEAM0010101-103 for distant view of panel, NIGEAM0010120 and NIGEAM0010122 for details of central #gures, and NIGEAM0010121 for right side of panel.

NIGEAM00100058 NIGEAM00100071 Row of sand dunes covering the north Close-up of lower and upper rim of an extinct volcano. grindstones in NIGEAM0010036 & NIGEAM0010051-53.

NIGEAM00100065 NIGEAM00100061 NIGEAM00100063 Recorder examining right side of Fallen sandstone slab with pecked engraved boulder in NIGEAM0010003 outline engravings of antelope & NIGEAM0010072. with mane (0087), three decorated NIGEAM00100059 gira!e, #ve elongated gazelle, man Gira!e with block-pecked body and riding horse(?), man riding lion, lion NIGEAM00100072 head facing right. Small crude gira!e tracks, kudu bull, horse, antelope Boulder with pecked, decorated facing right. Incised and decorated with long horns superimposing gira!e (NIGEAM0010004 & cow and calf. Cow and calf could be horse, ostrich, crude antelope NIGEAM0010105), head lowered late Pastoral Period. Gira!es are Horse facing right and block-pecked amid small eroded animal images. Period. See also NIGEAM0010060 & antelope with curved horns. See also Right, outline domestic bull and NIGEAM00100069 NIGEAM0010104. NIGEAM0010064, NIGEAM0010077, NIGEAM00100065/66 dog (NIGEAM0010005), stick Right side of engraved panel in NIGEAM0010082-84, NIGEAM0010086 Recording team standing beside man with arms spread, crude NIGEAM0010081. and NIGEAM0010088. engraved panel in NIGEAM0010027. ostriches and block-pecked reptile. Probably Horse Period. See also NIGEAM0010061 & NIGEAM0010064, NIGEAM0010072-74, NIGEAM0010078 & NIGEAM0010105-106.

NIGEAM00100060 Engravings in NIGEAM0010059 with extension to right. Outline person NIGEAM00100067 riding cow to right. NIGEAM00100062 Tuareg standing beside engraved boulder in NIGEAM0010063. NIGEAM00100073 Engraved boulder in NIGEAM0010003 & NIGEAM0010072 with recording team.

NIGEAM00100070 NIGEAM00100064 Direct view of man in NIGEAM00100068 Recorder examining right side of NIGEAM0010020-21. Note necklace, Pecked men facing forwards engraved boulder in NIGEAM0010003 tight #tting clothes and possible sticks with round heads and faces & NIGEAM0010072. in hands. “Bash’ marks on side of rock wearing leather clothes, earrings suggest rock gong. Horse Period. 24 25 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGEAM00100077 NIGEAM00100081 NIGEAM00100087 Recording team standing by Faded Libyan Warrior. Libyan Warrior Detail from NIGEAM0010063, boulder in NIGEAM0010062-63 & with round head and face, wearing antelope with mane. NIGEAM0010082-84. four feathers and dangling earrings on head, beeches and decorated NIGEAM00100074 vest, hands raised one holding two Close-up of gira!e in javelins with metal heads. One arm NIGEAM0010003. superimposes faded Ti#nagh script. See also NIGEAM0010069. Scale bar.

NIGEAM00100083/84 NIGEAM00100091 Top of engraved boulder in NIGEAM0010062-64, NIGEAM0010077 & NIGEAM0010082. NIGEAM00100088 NIGEAM00100078 Recorder photographing engraved Close up of right side of engraved slab in NIGEAM0010063-64, boulder in NIGEAM0010003, NIGEAM0010077, NIGEAM0010082-84 NIGEAM0010061, NIGEAM0010064, & NIGEAM0010086. NIGEAM0010073-74 & NIGEAM00100105-107. Scale bar. NIGEAM00100092

NIGEAM00100075 Fallen sandstone slab with block- pecked man facing forwards, hands raised and #ngers extended. Head NIGEAM00100085 feathers. See also NIGEAM0010023, NIGEAM00100082 Ripples in the sand. NIGEAM0010070 & NIGEAM0010076. Engraved boulder in NIGEAM0010062-64, NIGEAM0010077 & NIGEAM0010083-84. NIGEAM00100089 NIGEAM00100093 NIGEAM00100079 Nomads with camels living at Pecked outline engravings of two Arakaou. rhinoceros. Scale bar.

NIGEAM00100086 Details from NIGEAM0010063 of gazelle.

NIGEAM00100076 Fallen sandstone slab with block- pecked man facing forwards, hands NIGEAM00100080 NIGEAM00100094 raised and #ngers extended. Head Sand "oor #lling extinct volcano. Neolithic arrowheads. feathers. See also NIGEAM0010023, NIGEAM0010070 & NIGEAM0010075. NIGEAM00100089/90 Scale bar. NIGEAM00100083 Sand "oor #lling extinct volcano. 26 27 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGEAM00100095 NIGEAM001000104 NIGEAM0010107 Neolithic pottery sherds. Close-up of panel in NIGEAM0010059. Boulder with pecked, decorated See also NIGEAM0010060. gira!e (NIGEAM0010004 & NIGEAM001000100 NIGEAM0010105), head lowered amid small eroded animal images. Right, outline domestic bull and dog (NIGEAM0010005), stick man with arms spread, crude NIGEAM0010112 ostriches and block-pecked reptile. NIGEAM0010109 Probably Horse Period. See also Sandstone boulder with two block- NIGEAM0010061 & NIGEAM0010064, pecked engravings of Libyan Warriors NIGEAM0010072-74, NIGEAM0010078 wearing head feathers. One warrior & NIGEAM0010105-106. holds bow, quiver, shield and short stick. Third crudely pecked #gure NIGEAM00100096 NIGEAM0010101 facing forwards. Horse Period. See also NIGEAM0010056-57.

NIGEAM00100097 NIGEAM0010102 NIGEAM0010113 NIGEAM0010105 Extension to right of panel Close-up of gira!e in in NIGEAM0010007 & NIGEAM0010003. NIGEAM0010110 NIGEAM0010110-111. Ostriches and Ti#nagh script.

NIGEAM00100098 NIGEAM0010108 On rolled boulder and upside-down, eroded man standing in front of NIGEAM00100096/97/98/99/100/ decorated bull. 101/102/103 Pecked men facing forwards NIGEAM0010106 with round heads and faces Close up of right side of engraved wearing leather clothes, earrings boulder in NIGEAM0010003, and head feathers, Metal-tipped NIGEAM0010061, NIGEAM0010064, javelins and spear. Man riding NIGEAM0010073-74 & horse. Camel. Ti#nagh script. NIGEAM00100105-107. NIGEAM00100099 Mainly Horse Period. See also NIGEAM0010111 NIGEAM0010101-102 for distant Sections of panel in NIGEAM0010029. NIGEAM0010114 view of panel, NIGEAM0010120 and Pecked engravings include warrior Outline pecked engravings of double NIGEAM0010122 for details of central with spear, decorated cattle, triangle #gure with heart-shaped #gures, and NIGEAM0010121 for right ostriches, crude man with stick and head, horses, and fat outline cow side of panel. camel(?). Scale bar. facing left. 28 29 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGEAM0010115 NIGEAM0010124 NIGEAM0010128 NIGEAM0030002 Many superimposed engravings Decorated bull with block-pecking, Row of sand dunes covering the Wadi running through include Libyan Warrior with hands eroded man and crudely pecked north rim of an extinct volcano. sandstone gorge. raised holding metal-tipped spear, outline cow facing right. Decorated horses, gira!e, camel, cow, antelope cow possibly late Pastoral Period. and small men facing forwards. NIGEAM0010118 Close-up of warrior and two horses in NIGEAM0010117.

NIGEAM0010121 Eroded engraving of Libyan Warrior holding horse.

NIGEAM0030003 NIGEAM0010125 NIGEAM0010116 Broken grindstone probably used as bowl. NIGEAM0010119 Pecked men facing forwards with round heads and faces wearing leather clothes, earrings and head feathers, Metal-tipped javelins and spear. Man riding horse. Camel. Ti#nagh script. NIGEAM0010129 Mainly Horse Period. See also Wadi running through NIGEAM0030004 NIGEAM0010101-103 for distant sandstone gorge. Lengths of sandstone placed upright view of panel, NIGEAM0010120 and and supported by small sandstone NIGEAM0010122 for details of central props. #gures, and NIGEAM0010121 for right side of panel. NIGEAM0010126 ANAKOM MONOLITHS NIGEAM0010122 003 Close-ups of #gures in middle of engraved panel in NIGEAM0010009-10.

NIGEAM0010126/127 Neolithic pottery sherds. NIGEAM0010117 Libyan Warrior with kidney-shaped head wearing breeches and #ve NIGEAM0030001 feathers on head holding rein of small Wadi running through horse. Feathers superimpose outline sandstone gorge. cow with deliberately deformed NIGEAM0010120 NIGEAM0010123 horn facing left. Second horse. Close-ups of #gures in Boulder with crudely block-pecked NIGEAM0030005 Ti#nagh script on lower rock. See also middle of engraved panel in horse, man above horse and man Long piece of natural sandstone #xed NIGEAM0010118. NIGEAM0010009-10. spread ‘eagles’ with penis. upright in sand. 30 31 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

IWELLENE 001

NIGNAM0010014 NIGNAM0010004 NIGNAM0010007 NIGNAM0010010 NIGNAM0010018 Detail of upper section of On balanced sandstone boulder, Close-up of pecked engravings Block-pecked Libyan Warrior with NIGNAM00110001-2 & 7. pecked engraving of ‘tulip’-headed in NIGNAM00110009. See also ‘tulip’ head facing forwards and Warrior and antelope. warrior facing forwards. Warrior wears NIGNAM00110011 for closer view. holding square shield in one raised short skirt and has half-raised hands hand and metal-tipped spear in NIGNAM0010001 and extended #ngers, decorated face. other hand. Warrior apparently has At left, antelope with long neck decorated bag hanging over shoulder. facing left. Two crude outline ostriches facing left. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010014/15 Further views of engraved panel in NIGNAM0010009-13.

NIGNAM0010002 NIGNAM0010011 Close view of engravings in 10009-10. Note eroded engravings of human #gure between gira!e’s legs, third NIGNAM0010008 gira!e facing left, and human #gure Detail of upper section of facing forwards with hands on hips. NIGNAM0010019 NIGNAM00110001-2 & 7. Warrior and antelope. NIGNAM0010005 On balanced sandstone boulder, pecked engraving of ‘tulip’-headed warrior facing forwards. Warrior wears short skirt and has half-raised hands and extended #ngers, decorated face. At left, antelope with long neck facing left.

NIGNAM0010020 NIGNAM0010016

NIGNAM0010009 Engraved sandstone boulder amongst numerous boulders. Pecked NIGNAM0010001/2/3 engravings of two gira!es facing NIGNAM0010012 On balanced sandstone boulder, left. Left gira!e is decorated with pecked engraving of ‘tulip’-headed internal lines. Right gira!e has varied warrior facing forwards. Warrior wears thickness of outline and internal light short skirt and has half-raised hands block-pecking. Outline antelope with and extended #ngers, decorated face. internal block pecking facing left. NIGNAM0010019/20/21 At left, antelope with long neck Crude outline cattle facing left and NIGNAM0010016/17 Block-pecked Libyan Warrior with facing left. crude ostriches facing left. Head of left Block-pecked Libyan Warrior with ‘tulip’ head facing forwards and gira!e superimposes human(?) #gure. ‘tulip’ head facing forwards and holding square shield in one raised See also NIGNAM00110010-15. holding square shield in one raised hand and metal-tipped spear in hand and metal-tipped spear in other hand. Warrior apparently has other hand. Warrior apparently decorated bag hanging over shoulder. NIGNAM0010006 NIGNAM0010012/13 has decorated bag hanging over Two crude outline ostriches facing left. Warrior and antelope in Oblique views of engravings in shoulder. Two crude outline ostriches NIGNAM00110001-5. Scale bar NIGNAM00110009-11. Landscape. facing left. 32 33 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

emission from nose descending to crude man with outstretched arm. At left of gira!es, crude double-triangle man facing forwards. Two block- pecked ostriches in line with gira!es facing right. Small block-pecked ostrich facing left and superimposing outline gira!e facing right. Along bottom of slab, ostriches facing right, decorated cow with deliberately NIGNAM0010025 NIGNAM0010029 NIGNAM0010029/30/31/32 NIGNAM0010035 deformed horns facing right. Tulip- Block-pecked engravings of two headed man lying with head to left. Libyan Warriors holding metal-tipped Stick mnan with raised arms faces row spears and small round shields. Left of ostriches at his left. warrior has ‘tulip’ head and right warrior has round head with two ‘feathers’. Both warriors wear tunics with penises hanging between legs. Eroded outline engraving of cow facing left and crude human #gure. At top, outline and partially block- NIGNAM0010022 pecked engraving of cow facing right. NIGNAM0010025/26 See also NIGNAM0010032-33. Close-up of engravings on lower left boulder in NIGNAM0010019.

NIGNAM0010040 Sandstone rock face with engravings of gira!e (NIGNAM0010046-48), ostrich and cattle facing right. See also NIGNAM0010036-39 & NIGNAM0010044-45 for closer NIGNAM0010030 views, NIGNAM0010041-43 for oblique view of engraved slab, and NIGNAM0010049 for engraved slab in NIGNAM0010033 its rock setting. Two broken vertical sandstone slabs, NIGNAM0010037 each with engravings of Libyan NIGNAM0010027 Warriors. Left slab, double-triangle Detail of block-pecked baboon in Libyan Warrior with ‘tulip’ head, tunic, 0019. hanging penis and raised hands. Cord from point of tulip head to tail of running lion. Decorated antelope NIGNAM0010022/23 facing left. Crude outline cow facing Oblique view from right of upper right. For engravings on right slab, see and left hand engraved boulders in NIGNAM0010029-31. NIGNAM0010019-21. NIGNAM0010038 NIGNAM0010041

NIGNAM0010028 Close-up of upper and lower left engraved boulders in NIGNAM0010031 NIGNAM0010019. Scale bar.

NIGNAM0010034 NIGNAM0010037/38/39 NIGNAM0010024 NIGNAM0010042 Outline, block-pecked and decorated Close-up of upper boulder in Oblique views of engraved engravings of gira!es in line facing NIGNAM0010019 with two Libyan panel in NIGNAM0010036-39 & right. Right decorated gira!e has Warriors holding metal-tipped spears. NIGNAM0010044. 34 35 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010041/42/43 NIGNAM0010051 NIGNAM0010056/57/58 Oblique views of engraved Direct views of engraved boulder panel in NIGNAM0010036-39 & in NIGNAM0010050. From left, NIGNAM0010044. crude clothed #gure with oval head and ‘feathers’, tunic and hands half raised with spread NIGNAM0010053 #ngers (NIGNAM0010059). Tulip- Large sandstone boulder on broken headed double-triangle man boulder-strewn ridge. Pecked wearing tunic and facing forwards engravings of Libyan Warriors (NIGNAM0010059). Small outline NIGNAM0010046 with tulip heads holding metal- cow with large up-curved horns facing right (NIGNAM0010059). NIGNAM0010049 tipped spears, chariot, gira!e NIGNAM0010051/52 Three decorated gira!es with human Engraved sandstone slab in with human legs, crude cow, and Direct views of engraved boulder legs striding left. Tulip headed man NIGNAM0010040 in its rocky setting. crude double-triangle #gure. See in NIGNAM0010050. From left, standing between gira!e’s legs. Crude Recorder provides scale. NIGNAM00110051-65. crude clothed #gure with oval man holding spear with large metal head and ‘feathers’, tunic and NIGNAM0010044 tip. Decorated antelope facing left. hands half raised with spread Outline, block-pecked and decorated Warrior with oval decorated head and #ngers (NIGNAM0010059). Tulip- engravings of gira!es in line facing double triangle body holding metal- headed double-triangle man right. Right decorated gira!e has tipped spear facing down into back of wearing tunic and facing forwards emission from nose descending to gira!e. Aerial view of chariot drawn by (NIGNAM0010059). Small outline crude man with outstretched arm. At two cows(?) (NIGNAM0010060). Block- cow with large up-curved horns left of gira!es, crude double-triangle pecked man with penis lying prone, facing right (NIGNAM0010059). man facing forwards. Two block- superimposed by neck of ostrich Three decorated gira!es with human pecked ostriches in line with gira!es facing left. legs striding left. Tulip headed man facing right. Small block-pecked standing between gira!e’s legs. Crude ostrich facing left and superimposing man holding spear with large metal NIGNAM0010054 outline gira!e facing right. Along NIGNAM0010050 tip. Decorated antelope facing left. Warrior and antelope in bottom of slab, ostriches facing right, Large sandstone boulder on broken Warrior with oval decorated head and NIGNAM00110001-5. Scale bar. decorated cow with deliberately NIGNAM0010047 boulder-strewn ridge. Pecked double triangle body holding metal- deformed horns facing right. Tulip- engravings of Libyan Warriors tipped spear facing down into back headed man lying with head to left. with tulip heads holding metal- of gira!e. Aerial view of chariot drawn Stick mnan with raised arms faces row tipped spears, chariot, gira!e by two cows(?) (NIGNAM0010060). of ostriches at his left. with human legs, crude cow, and Block-pecked man with penis lying crude double-triangle #gure. See prone, superimposed by neck of NIGNAM00110051-65. ostrich facing left. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010056

NIGNAM0010045 Close-up of row of gira!es and ostriches in NIGNAM0010036-39 & NIGNAM0010059 NIGNAM0010044. NIGNAM0010046/47/48 Oblique view of two #gures and Two gira!es in 10036-39 & cow in NIGNAM00110051-52, NIGNAM0010044-45. Block-pecked NIGNAM0010056-58, and decorated gira!es facing right. NIGNAM0010057 NIGNAM0010061 & 65. 36 37 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

headed double-triangle man pecking of mythical hunched animal wearing tunic and facing forwards (antelope/gira!e) facing right. (NIGNAM0010059). Small outline cow with large up-curved horns facing right (NIGNAM0010059). Three decorated gira!es with human legs striding left. Tulip headed man standing between gira!e’s legs. Crude man holding spear with large metal tip. Decorated antelope facing left. NIGNAM0010060 Warrior with oval decorated head and double triangle body holding metal- tipped spear facing down into back of gira!e. Aerial view of chariot drawn by two cows(?) (NIGNAM0010060). Block- NIGNAM0010073 pecked man with penis lying prone, General view of sandstone boulders NIGNAM0010063 superimposed by neck of ostrich on ridge with pecked engravings on Detail of man with oval decorated facing left. NIGNAM0010070 one boulder of outline antelope facing head in NIGNAM0010051-52, Broken sandstone slab with block- left. Two outline gira!e with internal NIGNAM0010056-58, pecked engraving of tulip-headed pecking facing left. Two cows, one NIGNAM0010061 & 65. Scale bar man with raised hands and penis with huge horns and collar standing NIGNAM0010060/61 NIGNAM0010068 (NIGNAM0010071). In background, above the other. Block-pecked gira!e Chariot and man with Pecked semi-decorated antelope second engraved slab with armed facing right superimposed by straggly decorated head holding spear facing right with calf suckling human #gures and gira!es. Scale bar line. And elongated man with penis in NIGNAM00110051-52. between legs. wearing headdress and holding spear NIGNAM0010056-58, and shield, with small block-pecked NIGNAM0010061 & 66 person facing left (NIGNAM0010080)

NIGNAM0010066 Pecked semi-decorated antelope facing right with calf suckling NIGNAM0010074 NIGNAM0010064 between legs. Scale bar Oblique view of man with decorated Oblique views of engraved oval head holding metal-tipped spear panel in NIGNAM0010073. See above back of decorated gira!e with also NIGNAM0010081 below human legs. NIGNAM0010071 for second panel on right rock. Close-up of tulip-headed man with half-raised hands in 0069-70. Scale bar. NIGNAM0010069 Broken sandstone slab with block- NIGNAM0010062 pecked engraving of tulip-headed Detail of man with oval decorated man with raised hands and penis head in NIGNAM0010051-52, (NIGNAM0010071). In background, NIGNAM0010056-58, second engraved slab with armed NIGNAM0010061 & 65 human #gures and gira!es.

NIGNAM0010065 NIGNAM0010075 Direct views of engraved boulder Oblique views of engraved panel in NIGNAM0010050. From left, in NIGNAM0010073. See also crude clothed #gure with oval NIGNAM0010067 NIGNAM0010081 below for second head and ‘feathers’, tunic and Pecked semi-decorated antelope NIGNAM0010072 panel on right rock. hands half raised with spread facing right with calf suckling View of sandstone boulders with #ngers (NIGNAM0010059). Tulip- between legs. outline engraving in-#lled with 38 39 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

tulip-headed me, ostrich and antelope. Outline double-triangle man with tulip head superimposes antelope with elongated neck. Block-pecked ostrich stands against back legs of antelope. Below, outline double-triangle man with semi tulip head has half-raised hands with extended #ngers. One hand superimposes second antelope with NIGNAM0010076 NIGNAM0010086 elongated neck. At bottom left, man Oblique views of engraved panel Direct view of large engraved with tulip head and wearing skirt in NIGNAM0010073. See also panel in 0081-83. Complicated superimposes antelope’s legs. Bottom NIGNAM0010081 below for second panel of pecked engravings with right, eroded double-triangle man. panel on right rock. many super-impositions. Outline NIGNAM0010089 and decorated cattle, some with NIGNAM0010082/83 NIGNAM0010080 elaborate deliberately turned-back Direct view of engravings on right Oblique close-up views of panel in horns. Libyan Warriors with tulip rock in NIGNAM0010081 and oblique NIGNAM00110073-77. heads or headdresses. Block-pecked view of engravings on upper rock gira!e superimposing cattle to form in NIGNAM0010081. See 0086 decoration on cattle. Outline gira!e for near direct view of panel on with internal pecking. upper rock, and NIGNAM0010085 Metal-tipped spear. & NIGNAM0010087-88 for oblique views.

NIGNAM0010093 NIGNAM0010077 On sandstone boulder, complicated Direct view of engraved panel in pecked engraved scene involving NIGNAM0010073-76. Scale bar. NIGNAM0010089/90 tulip-headed me, ostrich and antelope. Outline double-triangle NIGNAM0010081 On boulder high on ridge, decorated man with tulip head superimposes Engraved panel on right rock. See engraving of gazelle facing left. antelope with elongated neck. NIGNAM0010074-76 for engravings Eroded outline predator facing right Block-pecked ostrich stands against on left rock. Right rock, superimposed superimposes gazelle. back legs of antelope. Below, outline engravings of gira!e’s neck over NIGNAM0010087 double-triangle man with semi Libyan Warrior with tulip head Oblique views of engraved tulip head has half-raised hands holding shield and metal-tipped panel in NIGNAM0010081-83 & with extended #ngers. One hand spear. Gira!e’s neck facing right NIGNAM0010086. Scale bar superimposes second antelope with superimposed by recent crude elongated neck. At bottom left, man engraving of man facing right. with tulip head and wearing skirt Outline engraving of gira!e facing superimposes antelope’s legs. Bottom right. Outline double triangle man NIGNAM0010078 NIGNAM0010084 right, eroded double-triangle man. holding shield and spear. On rock Oblique close-up views of panel in Scale bar NIGNAM00110073-77. above, partially obscured engravings of gira!e, cattle and men. See also NIGNAM0010091 NIGNAM0010082-83.

NIGNAM0010088 Extremely oblique view of engraved panel in NIGNAM0010081-87 providing extensive background scene.

NIGNAM0010079 Oblique close-up views of panel in NIGNAM0010082 NIGNAM00110073-77. NIGNAM0010084/85 Oblique views of engraved NIGNAM0010091/92 panel in NIGNAM0010081-83 & On sandstone boulder, complicated NIGNAM0010086. pecked engraved scene involving 40 41 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010094 NIGNAM0010097 NIGNAM0010101 NIGNAM0010105 NIGNAM0010107 NIGNAM0010110 On sandstone face, two engravings of Engraving of lion in Block-pecked engraving of lion facing On small left sandstone rock, pecked Tourist standing before large Libyan Warriors facing forwards. Left NIGNAM0010098-99. left in NIGNAM00110098-99. outline gira!e facing left with one panel of engraved gira!es. See warrior has decorated head, wears back leg altered to form downward- NIGNAM001105-106 for direct view of tunic and necklace with pendant, and facing three-pronged fork; block- panel, and 103-104 for oblique views. has penis below tunic, and raised half- pecked ostrich facing right partially hands one holding large metal-tipped superimposing outline ostrich facing spear. Second man has block-pecked right; and recently pecked images head and double-triangle body. of people, a horse(?), two concentric circles, and sta! with cross at top. On right rock, considerable super- impositions with numerous crudely pecked engravings of decorated NIGNAM0010110/111 gira!e all facing right; crude double Split sandstone boulder with triangle person with tulip head and numerous pecked engravings, some NIGNAM0010098 NIGNAM0010102 half-raised hands; outline and slightly superimposed, include decorated decorated antelope facing left and gira!e, ostriches, sheep(?), warrior Engraving of lion. NIGNAM0010108 right; stick #gures facing forwards; with spear, double-triangle people, On sandstone boulder, pecked mythical animal with long neck facing antelope, cattle and a predator. From outline engraving of cow facing left; and possible predators (dogs?). left, two decorated gira!e facing right left with some decoration on body Scale bar superimpose three(?) stick people and pendant hanging from neck. facing forwards; double-triangle man NIGNAM0010095 Two small pendants below jaw. with tulip head has hand touching On sandstone face, two engravings of Crude lightly scraped lines possibly block-pecked ostrich facing left. Four Libyan Warriors facing forwards. Left representing gira!e. outline sheep or dogs facing left, warrior has decorated head, wears one animal superimposed by two tunic and necklace with pendant, and ostriches facing left. Stick people has penis below tunic, and raised half- NIGNAM0010098/99 with arms extended. Crude block- hands one holding large metal-tipped Huge rectangular sandstone boulder pecked animal facing right. Block- spear. Second man has block-pecked with engraving of lion facing left pecked bovid with small head and head and double-triangle body. (NIGNAM001100-101). NIGNAM0010103 curved-back horns superimposed by sheep/dog. Large crudely-pecked gira!e facing left. On right half of boulder, double-triangle warrior NIGNAM0010106 with decorated head holding metal- On small left sandstone rock, pecked tipped spear. Block-pecked bird outline gira!e facing left with one NIGNAM0010109 (ostrich?) facing left. Two schematic back leg altered to form downward- Probably reversed. Oblique view block-pecked gira!e facing left. Two facing three-pronged fork; block- of section of engraved panel in stick men with arms extended facing pecked ostrich facing right partially NIGNAM00110110-111. forwards. Outline antelope facing left. superimposing outline ostrich facing Two stick men with ‘bird’ heads turned NIGNAM0010103/104 right; and recently pecked images to left, face forwards. Several crude of people, a horse(?), two concentric stick men and block-pecked predator NIGNAM0010100 Oblique views of engraved panel in NIGNAM0010096 circles, and sta! with cross at top. (dog?) facing left. See also 0253 for Block-pecked engraving of lion facing NIGNAM001105-106. On sandstone face, two engravings of On right rock, considerable super- oblique view of panels. Libyan Warriors facing forwards. Left left in NIGNAM00110098-99. impositions with numerous crudely warrior has decorated head, wears pecked engravings of decorated tunic and necklace with pendant, and gira!e all facing right; crude double has penis below tunic, and raised half- triangle person with tulip head and hands one holding large metal-tipped half-raised hands; outline and slightly spear. Second man has block-pecked decorated antelope facing left and head and double-triangle body. right; stick #gures facing forwards; Scale bar mythical animal with long neck facing left; and possible predators (dogs?).

42 43 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010115 NIGNAM0010122 ?????????????????????????????????????? Cluster of engraved sandstone ???? boulders on ridge. Bottom left, pecked outline decorated gira!e faces left with crude man, hands half raised, standing before it. Outline ostrich faces left. Middle, two pecked outline birds with long beaks, cranes(?) face right. Top, decorated gira!e faces right with crude man below its head. Block-pecked man with yoke carrying NIGNAM0010112 NIGNAM0010119 two suspended balls (bags?) faces NIGNAM0010124 NIGNAM0010126 Ridge comprised of sandstone Pecked outline predator (leopard?) forwards. Several crude outline double Oblique views of upper panel Oblique views of upper panel in boulders and blown sand. Oblique facing left above small pecked outline triangle people face forwards. Figure in NIGNAM0010122. Decorated NIGNAM0010122. Taken from left of view of engravings of two Libyan antelope facing left. with round head and headdress holds gira!e and man carrying yoke and upper panel with gira!e and man Warrior with tulip heads on near NIGNAM0010116 hand with extended #ngers to face. suspended balls over shoulders. carrying yoke over shoulders. boulder. ?????????????????????????????????????? Man with double triangle body and ???? tulip head holds spear. Outline ostrich faces left. See NIGNAM0010123-125 for oblique views taken from right and NIGNAM0010126-130 taken from left of upper panel with gira!e and man carrying yoke over shoulders.

NIGNAM0010120 Pecked outline engraving of antbear NIGNAM0010113 (aardvark) facing left superimposed Ridge comprised of sandstone by crudely pecked outline predator boulders and blown sand. Oblique running left. Bottom left, two outline view of engravings of two Libyan NIGNAM0010117 cows with huge horns face left and Warrior with tulip heads on near ?????????????????????????????????????? right. boulder. ???? NIGNAM0010123 Oblique views of upper panel in NIGNAM0010122. Decorated gira!e and man carrying yoke and suspended balls over shoulders. NIGNAM0010125 NIGNAM0010127 Oblique views of upper panel Oblique views of upper panel in in NIGNAM0010122. Decorated NIGNAM0010122. Taken from left of gira!e and man carrying yoke and upper panel with gira!e and man suspended balls over shoulders. carrying yoke over shoulders. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010121 NIGNAM0010114 Pecked outline engraving of antbear Further views of engraved panel in (aardvark) facing left superimposed NIGNAM0010118 NIGNAM0010009-13. by crudely pecked outline predator Pecked outline predator (leopard?) running left. Bottom left, two outline facing left above small pecked outline cows with huge horns face left and antelope facing left. Scale bar right. 44 45 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010128 NIGNAM0010131 NIGNAM0010134 NIGNAM0010138 NIGNAM0010140 Oblique views of upper panel in Oblique views of upper panel in Second face in NIGNAM0010131-132. Second face in NIGNAM0010131-132. Sloping sandstone face with pecked NIGNAM0010122. Taken from left of NIGNAM0010122. Taken from left of Block-pecked double triangle Block-pecked double triangle engraving of decorated gira!e facing upper panel with gira!e and man upper panel with gira!e and man warrior with tulip head and penis warrior with tulip head and penis right, front legs superimposing carrying yoke over shoulders. carrying yoke over shoulders. holding metal-tipped spear. Bottom, holding metal-tipped spear. Bottom, crude outline cow facing right. superimposed antelope with head superimposed antelope with head Small decorated lion walking right turned back faces right. Eroded turned back faces right. Eroded (NIGNAM0010141). Carefully engraved pecked man walks left. Outline double pecked man walks left. Outline double decorated cow with udder faces right triangle man with oval head. triangle man with oval head. Scale bar above probable calf. Second outline cow with some decoration faces right. Both cows have pendants hanging NIGNAM0010136 from necks. Second face in NIGNAM0010131-132. Block-pecked double triangle warrior with tulip head and penis holding metal-tipped spear. Bottom, superimposed antelope with head NIGNAM0010129 turned back faces right. Eroded Oblique views of upper panel in pecked man walks left. Outline double NIGNAM0010122. Taken from left of triangle man with oval head. upper panel with gira!e and man carrying yoke over shoulders. NIGNAM0010135 Second face in NIGNAM0010131-132. Block-pecked double triangle warrior with tulip head and penis NIGNAM0010141 NIGNAM0010132 holding metal-tipped spear. Bottom, Sloping sandstone face with pecked Sandstone boulder with two superimposed antelope with head engraving of decorated gira!e facing engraved faces. Left face has crude turned back faces right. Eroded right, front legs superimposing outline engraving of tulip-headed pecked man walks left. Outline double crude outline cow facing right. man with raised hands. Right face triangle man with oval head. Small decorated lion walking right has #ne block-pecked engraving of (NIGNAM0010141). Carefully engraved double triangle warrior with tulip decorated cow with udder faces right head holding metal-tipped spear NIGNAM0010139 above probable calf. Second outline (NIGNAM0010133-138). Second face in NIGNAM0010131-132. cow with some decoration faces right. Block-pecked double triangle Both cows have pendants hanging warrior with tulip head and penis from necks. holding metal-tipped spear. Bottom, superimposed antelope with head turned back faces right. Eroded pecked man walks left. Outline double triangle man with oval head. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010137 NIGNAM0010133 Second face in NIGNAM0010131-132. Sandstone boulder with two Block-pecked double triangle warrior with tulip head and penis NIGNAM0010130 engraved faces. Left face has crude holding metal-tipped spear. Bottom, Oblique views of upper panel in outline engraving of tulip-headed NIGNAM0010142 superimposed antelope with head NIGNAM0010122. Taken from left of man with raised hands. Right face Decorated lion walking right in turned back faces right. Eroded upper panel with gira!e and man has #ne block-pecked engraving of NIGNAM0010139-140. pecked man walks left. Outline double carrying yoke over shoulders. double triangle warrior with tulip head holding metal-tipped spear triangle man with oval head. (NIGNAM0010133-138). 46 47 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010143 NIGNAM0010146 NIGNAM0010149 NIGNAM0010152 NIGNAM0010158 Pecked outline engravings with On broken face of sandstone boulder, Engraved rocks in NIGNAM0010146 Engraved rocks in NIGNAM0010146 On rounded sandstone boulder, some decoration of #ve domestic block-pecked engraving of cow with set in their landscape. set in their landscape. decorated ostrich facing right. cattle facing right. Cattle have short teats facing right with calf between See also NIGNAM0010195 & pendants below necks. Outline legs. Cow has pendant hanging from NIGNAM0010199-205. Scale bar???/?/ engraving of ostrich facing right. neck Large outline engraving of gira!e with pecked body decoration superimposes one beast.

NIGNAM0010155 On rounded sandstone boulder, decorated ostrich facing right. See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010199-205. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010147 Oblong sandstone boulders lying on top of ridge. Left boulder has block- NIGNAM0010144 pecked double triangle man with Pecked outline engravings with round head and ‘wings’, and penis, some decoration of #ve domestic half-raised hands. Right boulder cattle facing right. Cattle have short (NIGNAM0010150-153) has row of #ve pendants below necks. Outline #gures, three block-pecked double NIGNAM0010159 engraving of ostrich facing right. triangle men with tulip heads and NIGNAM0010150 NIGNAM0010153 Close-up of decorated antelope in Large outline engraving of gira!e raised hands, and two slender outline Engraved rocks in NIGNAM0010146 Close-up of row of #ve #gures in NIGNAM0010156-NIGNAM0010157. with pecked body decoration #gures with headdresses. See also set in their landscape. NIGNAM0010146. Scale bar NIGNAM0010156 Scale bar.?????? superimposes one beast. NIGNAM0010147-149 for views of On rounded sandstone boulder, engravings in landscape. decorated ostrich facing right. See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010199-205

NIGNAM0010151 NIGNAM0010145 Close-up of row of #ve #gures in On broken face of sandstone boulder, NIGNAM0010148 NIGNAM0010146. block-pecked engraving of cow with Engraved rocks in NIGNAM0010146 teats facing right with calf between set in their landscape. NIGNAM0010157 legs. Cow has pendant hanging from Eroded engravings of decorated neck. antelope and dogs facing left superimposed by decorated antelope (NIGNAM0010158) facing left. NIGNAM0010160 Eroded engravings of decorated NIGNAM0010154 antelope and dogs facing left Close-up of row of #ve #gures in superimposed by decorated antelope NIGNAM0010146. Scale bar (NIGNAM0010158) facing left.?????? 48 49 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

running left above outline antelope with lowered head facing right; below, two outline animals and decorated cow walk left followed by block- pecked man with large head and ‘ears’ wearing tunic; large indeterminate outline animal facing left; and decorated cow being driven left by outline #gure with kidney-shaped block-pecked head. On lower rock, NIGNAM0010164 eroded indeterminate animals facing Block-pecked engraving on sandstone left. boulder of lion facing left. Lion’s paws are surrounded by lion’s tracks (pug marks). Small outline ostrich faces left before lion’s head. Above lion, row of NIGNAM0010161 eroded engravings of clothed men Block-pecked engraving on sandstone facing forwards. Left man holds spear. boulder of lion facing left. Lion’s paws Scale bar. are surrounded by lion’s tracks (pug NIGNAM0010168 marks). Small outline ostrich faces left Upright sandstone block with pecked before lion’s head. Above lion, row of engravings of decorated antelope NIGNAM0010170 NIGNAM0010172 eroded engravings of clothed men facing left followed by two block- Upright sandstone block with pecked Two tulip-headed men in facing forwards. Left man holds spear. pecked hyaenas. At top, possible engravings of decorated antelope NIGNAM0010170. Left man has outline ostrich facing right. Scale bar facing left followed by two block- outline double triangle body with pecked hyaenas. At top, possible internal block pecking, pendant outline ostrich facing right. hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, and objects on legs. One hand is raised with #ngers extended, while other hand holds shaft of spear with huge metal blade facing downwards. NIGNAM0010165 Second man, less well engraved, has Block-pecked engraving on sandstone double triangle body, tulip head and boulder of lion facing left. Lion’s paws NIGNAM0010167 penis. One hand joins hand of #rst are surrounded by lion’s tracks (pug Broken sandstone boulder with man in holding spear shat between marks). Small outline ostrich faces left engravings, some superimposed, of them, while second raised hand has NIGNAM0010162 before lion’s head. Above lion, row of people, ostriches, antelope, cattle and extended #ngers. At right of men Block-pecked engraving on sandstone eroded engravings of clothed men boulder of lion facing left. Lion’s paws dogs. From left, superimposed ostrich are outline cow facing left and prone facing forwards. Left man holds spear. NIGNAM0010169 are surrounded by lion’s tracks (pug facing right over indeterminate outline man with round head holding Upright sandstone block with pecked marks). Small outline ostrich faces left animals(?); outline antelope with stick. Possible small second spear with engravings of decorated antelope before lion’s head. Above lion, row of block-pecked body facing right above curved shaft superimposes cow. facing left followed by two block- eroded engravings of clothed men outline dog; large outline ostrich pecked hyaenas. At top, possible facing forwards. Left man holds spear. facing left superimposed over two partial #gures with pecked bodies outline ostrich facing right. facing forwards; two outline dogs running left above outline antelope with lowered head facing right; below, two outline animals and decorated cow walk left followed by block- pecked man with large head and ‘ears’ wearing tunic; large indeterminate NIGNAM0010166 outline animal facing left; and NIGNAM0010171 Broken sandstone boulder with decorated cow being driven left by Jumble of broken sandstone boulders engravings, some superimposed, of outline #gure with kidney-shaped before eroding tall sandstone hill. people, ostriches, antelope, cattle and block-pecked head. On lower rock, Oblique view of two block-pecked NIGNAM0010163 dogs. From left, superimposed ostrich eroded indeterminate animals facing tulip-headed men. One man holds Block-pecked engraving on sandstone facing right over indeterminate left. spear with large metal blade facing boulder of lion facing left. Lion’s paws animals(?); outline antelope with downwards. See NIGNAM0010171 are surrounded by lion’s tracks (pug block-pecked body facing right above for di!erent view of engraving in marks). Small outline ostrich faces left outline dog; large outline ostrich landscape and NIGNAM0010172-180 before lion’s head. Above lion, row of facing left superimposed over two for direct close-up views of tulip- eroded engravings of clothed men partial #gures with pecked bodies headed men. facing forwards. Left man holds spear. facing forwards; two outline dogs 50 51 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

huge metal blade facing downwards. raised with #ngers extended, while internal block pecking, pendant Second man, less well engraved, has other hand holds shaft of spear with hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, double triangle body, tulip head and huge metal blade facing downwards. and objects on legs. One hand is penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst Second man, less well engraved, has raised with #ngers extended, while man in holding spear shat between double triangle body, tulip head and other hand holds shaft of spear with them, while second raised hand has penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst huge metal blade facing downwards. extended #ngers. At right of men man in holding spear shat between Second man, less well engraved, has are outline cow facing left and prone them, while second raised hand has double triangle body, tulip head and outline man with round head holding extended #ngers. At right of men penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst stick. Possible small second spear with are outline cow facing left and prone man in holding spear shat between curved shaft superimposes cow. outline man with round head holding them, while second raised hand has NIGNAM0010173 NIGNAM0010176 stick. Possible small second spear with extended #ngers. At right of men Two tulip-headed men in Two tulip-headed men in curved shaft superimposes cow. Scale are outline cow facing left and prone NIGNAM0010170. Left man has NIGNAM0010170. Left man has bar outline man with round head holding outline double triangle body with outline double triangle body with stick. Possible small second spear internal block pecking, pendant internal block pecking, pendant with curved shaft superimposes cow. hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, and objects on legs. One hand is and objects on legs. One hand is raised with #ngers extended, while raised with #ngers extended, while other hand holds shaft of spear with other hand holds shaft of spear with huge metal blade facing downwards. huge metal blade facing downwards. Second man, less well engraved, has Second man, less well engraved, has double triangle body, tulip head and double triangle body, tulip head and NIGNAM0010181 penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst Two tulip-headed men in man in holding spear shat between man in holding spear shat between NIGNAM0010170. Left man has them, while second raised hand has them, while second raised hand has outline double triangle body with extended #ngers. At right of men extended #ngers. At right of men internal block pecking, pendant are outline cow facing left and prone are outline cow facing left and prone NIGNAM0010178 hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, outline man with round head holding outline man with round head holding Two tulip-headed men in and objects on legs. One hand is stick. Possible small second spear with stick. Possible small second spear with NIGNAM0010170. Left man has NIGNAM0010180 raised with #ngers extended, while curved shaft superimposes cow. Scale curved shaft superimposes cow. outline double triangle body with Two tulip-headed men in other hand holds shaft of spear with bar internal block pecking, pendant NIGNAM0010170. Left man has huge metal blade facing downwards. hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, outline double triangle body with Second man, less well engraved, has and objects on legs. One hand is internal block pecking, pendant double triangle body, tulip head and raised with #ngers extended, while hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst NIGNAM0010175 other hand holds shaft of spear with and objects on legs. One hand is man in holding spear shat between Two tulip-headed men in huge metal blade facing downwards. raised with #ngers extended, while them, while second raised hand has NIGNAM0010170. Left man has Second man, less well engraved, has other hand holds shaft of spear with extended #ngers. At right of men outline double triangle body with double triangle body, tulip head and huge metal blade facing downwards. are outline cow facing left and prone internal block pecking, pendant penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst Second man, less well engraved, has outline man with round head holding hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, man in holding spear shat between double triangle body, tulip head and stick. Possible small second spear with and objects on legs. One hand is them, while second raised hand has penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst curved shaft superimposes cow. raised with #ngers extended, while extended #ngers. At right of men man in holding spear shat between other hand holds shaft of spear with are outline cow facing left and prone them, while second raised hand has huge metal blade facing downwards. outline man with round head holding extended #ngers. At right of men Second man, less well engraved, has stick. Possible small second spear with are outline cow facing left and prone double triangle body, tulip head and curved shaft superimposes cow. outline man with round head holding penis. One hand\ joins hand of #rst stick. Possible small second spear with man in holding spear shat between curved shaft superimposes cow. them, while second raised hand has extended #ngers. At right of men are outline cow facing left and prone outline man with round head holding stick. Possible small second spear with NIGNAM0010174 curved shaft superimposes cow. Two tulip-headed men in NIGNAM0010170. Left man has NIGNAM0010177 outline double triangle body with Two tulip-headed men in internal block pecking, pendant NIGNAM0010170. Left man has hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, outline double triangle body with NIGNAM0010179 and objects on legs. One hand is internal block pecking, pendant Two tulip-headed men in raised with #ngers extended, while hanging from neck, tulip head, penis, NIGNAM0010170. Left man has other hand holds shaft of spear with and objects on legs. One hand is outline double triangle body with

52 53 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010187 NIGNAM0010191 Rolled sandstone boulder with Oblique view of tulip-headed man outline pecked engraving of and antelope on left face of rock in hippopotamus.????????????????? NIGNAM00110189.

NIGNAM0010189 NIGNAM0010182 NIGNAM0010185 NIGNAM0010194 Very large eroded engraving of On smooth sandstone boulder face, On shaded sandstone rock, pecked Half-buried sandstone boulder near decorated gira!e facing right. Line pecked outline cow with block- engraving of probable spear with bottom of ridge with two outline (emission?) Depends from gira!e’s pecked decoration faces right. metal head. double triangle warriors (holding nose. Small block-pecked cow with hands) with block-pecked tulip heads, deliberately deformed horn faces NIGNAM0010192 NIGNAM0010188 and metal-tipped spears in other right. Bottom, decorated cow with View along lower slope of sandstone- Recorder standing before engravings. hands. sweeping horns faces right followed boulder ridge. At bottom left, two Very large eroded engraving of by outline #gure with steatopygea double triangle warriors below small decorated gira!e facing right. Line holding stick in one hand and cow’s decorated cow facing right. Left (emission?) depends from gira!e’s tail in the other hand. Scale bar warrior has tulip head and holds nose. Small block-pecked cow with metal-tipped spear and shield in deliberately deformed horn faces right raised hand. Second warrior right. Bottom, decorated cow with with round block-pecked head holds sweeping horns faces right followed metal-tipped spear and shield in left, by outline #gure with steatopygea half-raised hand. Above warriors, holding stick in one hand and cow’s small cow with partially block-pecked tail in the other hand. NIGNAM0010183 body and sweeping upright horns On smooth sandstone boulder face, faces right. pecked outline cow with block- pecked decoration faces right. Scale NIGNAM0010195 bar Pile of large sandstone boulders, some bearing engravings. Top, decorated gira!e bent over to NIGNAM0010190 right (NIGNAM0010195). Lower, Two vertical faces of sandstone decorated ostrich running right boulder. Left face (NIGNAM0010190), (NIGNAM0010154-155) and person outline engraving of double triangle with yoke over shoulder and one man with decorated tulip head suspended ball. Lower, broken rock NIGNAM0010186 extends arm to horns of outline with outline ostrich superimposed Rolled sandstone boulder with outline gazelle facing right. Above, crudely by outline person. Lower, large pecked engraving of hippopotamus. pecked engraving of predator facing block-pecked elephant facing left NIGNAM0010193 Scale bar. upwards. Right face, double triangle and oblique view of ostrich and On "aking sandstone boulder, man with decorated tunic and small decorated gira!e facing left with large outline engraving of ostrich outline cow to his right. man standing before it. See also for facing right and crude small outline NIGNAM0010184 elephant NIGNAM0010197-198 & engraving of elephant facing left. On smooth sandstone boulder face, NIGNAM001207-210. pecked outline cow with block- pecked decoration faces right. Scale bar

54 55 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010196 NIGNAM0010199 NIGNAM0010203 NIGNAM0010209 Closer view of decorated gira!e bent Elephant engraving in On rounded sandstone boulder, Elephant engraving in over to right in NIGNAM0010194. NIGNAM0010194 & 196. See also decorated ostrich facing right. NIGNAM0010194 & 196. See also NIGNAM0010207-210 for close-ups of See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010207-210 for close-ups of elephant. NIGNAM0010199-201, 203-205. elephant.

NIGNAM0010201 NIGNAM0010206 On rounded sandstone boulder, ?????????????????????????????????????? decorated ostrich facing right. ?????????????????????????????????????? See also NIGNAM0010195 & ????????????????????? NIGNAM0010199, 201-205.

NIGNAM0010204 NIGNAM0010210 On rounded sandstone boulder, Elephant engraving in decorated ostrich facing right. NIGNAM0010194 & 196. See also See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010207-210 for close-ups of NIGNAM0010199-202, 204-205. elephant.

NIGNAM0010197 Closer view of decorated gira!e bent over to right in NIGNAM0010194. NIGNAM0010207 NIGNAM0010200 On rounded sandstone boulder, On rounded sandstone boulder, decorated ostrich facing right. decorated ostrich facing right. See also NIGNAM0010195 & See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010199-204. NIGNAM0010200-205.

NIGNAM0010205 NIGNAM0010211 On rounded sandstone boulder, Elephant engraving in decorated ostrich facing right. NIGNAM0010194 & 196. See also See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010207-210 for close-ups of NIGNAM0010199-203, 205. elephant. NIGNAM0010202 On rounded sandstone boulder, decorated ostrich facing right. See also NIGNAM0010195 & NIGNAM0010199-200,202-205. NIGNAM0010208 Elephant engraving in NIGNAM0010194 & 196. See also NIGNAM0010207-210 for close-ups of NIGNAM0010198 elephant. Elephant engraving in NIGNAM0010194 & 196. See also NIGNAM0010207-210 for close-ups of elephant. 56 57 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

discharge emerging from its trunk. wearing short tunic. One earring See also NIGNAM0010211 for oblique hanging from head. Hands half- view of elephant, NIGNAM0010213 raised with #ngers extended. Wrist for recorder giving scale to guard on one arm. Second person: elephant and NIGNAM0010212 & partially block-pecked engraving of NIGNAM0010215-217 for direct views tulip-headed #gure wearing short of elephant. tunic and having possible penis hanging between legs. Head carefully decorated with pecked dots. Earring hanging on either side of head. NIGNAM0010212 NIGNAM0010219 Pendant hanging from neck. Wrist Oblique view of elephant in Large sandstone boulder on top guards on both arms. Half-raised NIGNAM0010214. of rocky ridge. Two large pecked hands with #ngers extended. Figures engravings of tulip-headed people are joined at right and left hands. Two with raised hands (NIGNAM0010222) decorated animals face left, probably superimposing outline gira!e facing sheep but could be dogs. See also right. Third person partially visible at NIGNAM0010223, NIGNAM0010226 & left. Two animals (probably sheep) NIGNAM0010228 for oblique views. facing left. See NIGNAM0010221-222, NIGNAM0010216 224 & NIGNAM001230-231 for direct Direct view of elephant in views of engraving, 0223 & 226 for NIGNAM0010211 & NIGNAM0010214. oblique views from right and 228 for NIGNAM0010221 oblique view from left. Large sandstone boulder on top NIGNAM0010224 of rocky ridge. Two large pecked Oblique views of tulip-headed engravings of tulip-headed people in NIGNAM0010218-222, NIGNAM0010213 people with raised hands (0222) NIGNAM001224-225, Direct view of elephant in superimposing outline gira!e facing NIGNAM0010227, & NIGNAM0010211 & 214. right. Third person partially visible at NIGNAM0010229-231. left. Two animals (probably sheep) facing left. See NIGNAM0010221-222, NIGNAM0010224 & NIGNAM0010230-231 for direct views of engraving, NIGNAM0010223 & NIGNAM0010226 for oblique views from right and NIGNAM0010228 for NIGNAM0010217 oblique view from left. Direct view of elephant in NIGNAM0010220 NIGNAM0010211 & NIGNAM0010214. Large sandstone boulder on top of rocky ridge. Two large pecked engravings of tulip-headed people with raised hands (0222) NIGNAM0010223 superimposing outline gira!e facing NIGNAM0010225 NIGNAM0010214 Direct views of #gures right. Third person partially visible at Direct views of #gures Direct view of elephant in in NIGNAM0010218-22-, left. Two animals (probably sheep) in NIGNAM0010218-22-, NIGNAM0010211-212 & NIGNAM0010227 & NIGNAM0010229. facing left. See NIGNAM0010221-222, NIGNAM0010227 & 229. Left person: NIGNAM0010214-217 with recorder Left person: block-pecked engraving NIGNAM0010224 & block-pecked engraving of slender to provide scale. of slender tulip-headed #gure NIGNAM0010230-231 for direct views tulip-headed #gure wearing short wearing short tunic. One earring of engraving, NIGNAM0010223 & tunic. One earring hanging from hanging from head. Hands half- NIGNAM0010226 for oblique views head. Hands half-raised with #ngers raised with #ngers extended. Wrist from right and NIGNAM0010228 for extended. Wrist guard on one arm. guard on one arm. Second person: oblique view from left. Second person: partially block- NIGNAM0010218 partially block-pecked engraving of pecked engraving of tulip-headed Direct view of elephant in tulip-headed #gure wearing short #gure wearing short tunic and having NIGNAM0010211 & NIGNAM0010214. tunic and having possible penis possible penis hanging between legs. hanging between legs. Head carefully Head carefully decorated with pecked decorated with pecked dots. Earring dots. Earring hanging on either side hanging on either side of head. of head. Pendant hanging from neck. Pendant hanging from neck. Wrist Wrist guards on both arms. Half-raised guards on both arms. Half-raised NIGNAM0010222 hands with #ngers extended. Figures NIGNAM0010215 hands with #ngers extended. Figures Direct views of #gures are joined at right and left hands. Two On huge balanced boulder above are joined at right and left hands. Two in NIGNAM0010218-22-, decorated animals face left, probably oued, large outline pecked engraving decorated animals face left, probably NIGNAM0010227 & NIGNAM0010229. sheep but could be dogs. See also of elephant with body lightly sheep but could be dogs. See also Left person: block-pecked engraving NIGNAM0010223, NIGNAM001226 & pecked. Elephant, with penis, faces NIGNAM0010223, NIGNAM0010226 & of slender tulip-headed #gure 228 for oblique views. right and has an apparent double NIGNAM0010228 for oblique views. 58 59 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

superimposing outline gira!e facing block-pecked engraving of slender right. Third person partially visible at tulip-headed #gure wearing short left. Two animals (probably sheep) tunic. One earring hanging from facing left. See NIGNAM0010221-222, head. Hands half-raised with #ngers NIGNAM0010224 & extended. Wrist guard on one arm. NIGNAM0010230-231 for direct Second person: partially block- views of engraving, NIGNAM0010223 pecked engraving of tulip-headed &NIGNAM0010226 for oblique views #gure wearing short tunic and having from right and NIGNAM0010228 for possible penis hanging between legs. oblique view from left. Head carefully decorated with pecked NIGNAM0010229 dots. Earring hanging on either side Oblique views of tulip-headed of head. Pendant hanging from neck. people in NIGNAM0010218-222, Wrist guards on both arms. Half- NIGNAM0010224-225, raised hands with #ngers extended. NIGNAM0010227, & Figures are joined at right and left NIGNAM0010229-231. hands. Two decorated animals face left, probably sheep but could be dogs. See also NIGNAM0010223, NIGNAM0010226 & 228 for oblique views. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010226 NIGNAM0010227 NIGNAM0010235 Direct views of #gures Oblique views of tulip-headed NIGNAM0010231 Views of large engraved panel in in NIGNAM0010218-22-, people in NIGNAM0010218-222, Direct views of #gures NIGNAM0010232, NIGNAM0010235 & NIGNAM001227 & 229. Left person: NIGNAM0010224-225, in NIGNAM0010218-22, NIGNAM0010237 set in landscape. block-pecked engraving of slender NIGNAM0010227, & NIGNAM0010227 & NIGNAM0010229. tulip-headed #gure wearing short NIGNAM0010229-231. Left person: block-pecked engraving tunic. One earring hanging from of slender tulip-headed #gure head. Hands half-raised with #ngers wearing short tunic. One earring extended. Wrist guard on one arm. hanging from head. Hands half- Second person: partially block- raised with #ngers extended. Wrist pecked engraving of tulip-headed guard on one arm. Second person: #gure wearing short tunic and having partially block-pecked engraving of NIGNAM0010233 possible penis hanging between legs. tulip-headed #gure wearing short Direct views of large panel of pecked Head carefully decorated with pecked tunic and having possible penis and superimposed engravings dots. Earring hanging on either side hanging between legs. Head carefully of tulip-headed person, gira!es, of head. Pendant hanging from neck. decorated with pecked dots. Earring lions, ostrich and antelopes. hanging on either side of head. See NIGNAM0010233-234 & Wrist guards on both arms. Half-raised NIGNAM0010236 hands with #ngers extended. Figures Pendant hanging from neck. Wrist NIGNAM0010236 for views of guards on both arms. Half-raised engraving in landscape, 0237 for Direct, close-up view of engraved are joined at right and left hands. Two NIGNAM0010229 NIGNAM0010228 hands with #ngers extended. Figures direct, close-up view of engraving panel in NIGNAM0010232-234 & decorated animals face left, probably Oblique views of tulip-headed Large sandstone boulder on top are joined at right and left hands. Two with scale bar, and NIGNAM0010235 NIGNAM0010236-237. Huge outline sheep but could be dogs. See also people in NIGNAM0010218-222, of rocky ridge. Two large pecked decorated animals face left, probably for an oblique view. gira!e with lightly pecked body, NIGNAM0010223, NIGNAM001226 & NIGNAM0010224-225, engravings of tulip-headed people sheep but could be dogs. See also elongated legs and large hoofs faces 228 for oblique views. NIGNAM0010227, & with raised hands (NIGNAM0010222) NIGNAM0010223, NIGNAM0010226 & left. Block-pecked tulip headed NIGNAM0010229-231. superimposing outline gira!e facing NIGNAM0010228 for oblique views. person with half-raised hands right. Third person partially visible at partially superimposes large gira!e. left. Two animals (probably sheep) Remainder of panel comprises facing left. See NIGNAM0010221-222, superimposed outline animals (some NIGNAM0010224 & with body pecking) including gira!es, NIGNAM0010230-231 for direct views lions, antelope/gazelle, ostrich and of engraving, NIGNAM0010223 & possible cattle. NIGNAM001226 for oblique views from right and 228 for oblique view from left.

NIGNAM0010234 Views of large engraved panel in NIGNAM0010230 NIGNAM0010232, NIGNAM001235 & NIGNAM0010232 Large sandstone boulder on top NIGNAM0010237 set in landscape. Direct views of #gures of rocky ridge. Two large pecked in NIGNAM0010218-22, engravings of tulip-headed people NIGNAM0010227 & 229. Left person: with raised hands (NIGNAM0010222) 60 61 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

Crude tulip-headed person with half- raised hands and #ngers extended wearing short tunic. Possible penis between legs. Scratched engravings of large outline animal (camel) facing left and person wearing "ared skirt. Dog facing right.

NIGNAM0010243 NIGNAM0010246 NIGNAM0010249 NIGNAM0010251 Rounded sandstone boulder with Supported sandstone slab with Pecked engravings on "at face of On rounded and semi-sheltered outline double triangle #gure with engravings of gira!es on side. Two balanced sandstone boulder. Left, boulder, large outline engraving of decorated tulip head and half-raised left gira!es have outlines in#lled with outline engraving of elephant below cow with pendant suspended from hands. One hand holds possible almost solid pecking and face left. decorated ostrich on its side. Probable neck facing left. Cow has small outline shield. Other arm has two pendants Two right upper gira!es, engraved in animal with huge ears facing right. engraving of animal on its body. Top on elbow and hand appears to outline, also face left. Bottom gira!e Square geometric containing two left, small outline engravings of cow hold round object on stick. At left, engraved in outline with some body crosses. Crude slender double- and antelope facing left. Head of decorated ostrich faces left. At right, pecking faces left towards outline triangle #gure holding sta!(?). outline decorated ostrich facing right NIGNAM0010240 probable sheep faces left. At bottom, clothed man with half-raised hands. superimposes large cow and feet Outline engraving of bull elephant in two ostriches and unidenti#ed superimpose outline hippopotamus NIGNAM0010237 NIGNAM0010240-241. animal. Scale bar facing left. Bottom, crude block- Views of large engraved panel in pecked engravings of three ostrich NIGNAM0010232, NIGNAM0010235 & facing right. Gira!e with striped NIGNAM0010237 set in landscape. neck and block-pecked body facing left. Double triangle person with penis and half-raised hands. See also NIGNAM0010252 for semi-oblique view of top of panel. Scale bar

NIGNAM0010250 NIGNAM0010247 On rounded and semi-sheltered Supported sandstone slab with boulder, large outline engraving of NIGNAM0010241 NIGNAM0010244 engravings of gira!es on side. Two cow with pendant suspended from On rough-surfaced sandstone Jumble of sandstone boulders left gira!es have outlines in#lled with neck facing left. Cow has small outline boulder, large pecked engraving of with oblique view of engraving of almost solid pecking and face left. engraving of animal on its body. Top NIGNAM0010238 bull elephant facing left. Thickened decorated bull facing left. Two right upper gira!es, engraved in left, small outline engravings of cow Direct views of large panel of pecked outline denotes shape. Possible outline, also face left. Bottom gira!e and antelope facing left. Head of and superimposed engravings emission from trunk. Penis. See also engraved in outline with some body outline decorated ostrich facing right of tulip-headed person, gira!es, NIGNAM0010239 for oblique view of pecking faces left towards outline superimposes large cow and feet lions, ostrich and antelopes. elephant. clothed man with half-raised hands. superimpose outline hippopotamus NIGNAM0010252 See NIGNAM0010233-234 & facing left. Bottom, crude block- Semi-oblique view of large outline NIGNAM0010236 for views pecked engravings of three ostrich cow and decorated ostrich in of engraving in landscape, facing right. Gira!e with striped NIGNAM0010250-251. NIGNAM0010237 for direct, close-up neck and block-pecked body facing view of engraving with scale bar, and left. Double triangle person with NIGNAM0010235 for an oblique view. penis and half-raised hands. See also NIGNAM0010252 for semi-oblique view of top of panel. NIGNAM0010245 ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????? NIGNAM0010248 NIGNAM0010242 Pecked engravings on "at face of On rough-surfaced sandstone balanced sandstone boulder. Left, boulder, large pecked engraving of outline engraving of elephant below bull elephant facing left. Thickened decorated ostrich on its side. Probable NIGNAM0010253 outline denotes shape. Possible animal with huge ears facing right. ?????????????????????????????????????? emission from trunk. Penis. See also Square geometric containing two ?????????????????????????? NIGNAM0010239 NIGNAM0010239 for oblique view of crosses. Crude slender double- Recorder viewing engravings on elephant. Scale bar triangle #gure holding sta!(?). Scale slightly protected sandstone face. bar 62 63 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0010265 Close-up views of engraved panel in NIGNAM0010254 NIGNAM0010256 NIGNAM0010258 NIGNAM0010260 NIGNAM0010263 NIGNAM0010264 Side of broken sandstone boulder, Long supported sandstone boulder Long supported sandstone boulder Tuareg crouched beside sandstone Rough-faced sandstone boulder with pecked engraving of double-triangle with engravings along narrow with engravings along narrow boulder with pecked outline forehead crude outline engraving of elephant person with half-raised hands. horizontal face. From left, block- horizontal face. From left, block- and trunk of elephant facing left. facing left. See also NIGNAM0010277 His head appears to superimpose pecked tulip-headed person with pecked tulip-headed person with Shape of boulder similar to top of for close-up of elephant with scale second person facing forwards with half-raised, cross-shaped hands. half-raised, cross-shaped hands. elephant’s head may have stimulated bar. headdress and metal-tipped spear. Crudely pecked unidenti#able shape Crudely pecked unidenti#able shape engraver. See also 0261. Third person almost fully obscured to (possibly outline man with large head (possibly outline man with large head left. facing right). Prone block-pecked facing right). Prone block-pecked tulip-headed man with penis and one tulip-headed man with penis and one arm by side with #ngers extended arm by side with #ngers extended and other arm bent at elbow with and other arm bent at elbow with extended #ngers below head. extended #ngers below head. Carefully executed cow facing left Carefully executed cow facing left with block-pecked outline and body with block-pecked outline and body decoration. Pendants suspended decoration. Pendants suspended below neck and jaw. Prone man and below neck and jaw. Prone man and cow both superimpose unidenti#able cow both superimpose unidenti#able engravings. Scale bar engravings. NIGNAM0010261 Rock with engraved elephant’s NIGNAM0010266 forehead and trunk in Close-up views of engraved panel in NIGNAM0010260. NIGNAM0010264

NIGNAM0010264 NIGNAM0010257 NIGNAM0010259 Large rolled sandstone boulder with engraved panel on its side. From NIGNAM0010255 Long supported sandstone boulder Long supported sandstone boulder top, #ve outline engravings of cattle Long supported sandstone boulder with engravings along narrow with engravings along narrow with wide, upswept horns. Possible with engravings along narrow horizontal face. From left, block- horizontal face. From left, block- small engraving of camel facing right horizontal face. From left, block- pecked tulip-headed person with pecked tulip-headed person with NIGNAM0010267 NIGNAM0010262 and kneeling on front legs. Outline pecked tulip-headed person with half-raised, cross-shaped hands. half-raised, cross-shaped hands. Large slightly overhanging sandstone Rough-faced sandstone boulder with cow facing left with four dots on half-raised, cross-shaped hands. Crudely pecked unidenti#able shape Crudely pecked unidenti#able shape boulder with large panel of pecked crude outline engraving of elephant body and two pendants suspended Crudely pecked unidenti#able shape (possibly outline man with large head (possibly outline man with large head engravings of people, hare and facing left. See also NIGNAM0010277 from jaw. Bottom left, outline cow (possibly outline man with large head facing right). Prone block-pecked facing right). Prone block-pecked ostrich. From top, double triangle for close-up of elephant with scale facing right with pendant below facing right). Prone block-pecked tulip-headed man with penis and one tulip-headed man with penis and one #gure with penis and round bar. jaw, and right, decorated cow facing tulip-headed man with penis and one arm by side with #ngers extended arm by side with #ngers extended decorated head holds object in right with pendant below jaw and arm by side with #ngers extended and other arm bent at elbow with and other arm bent at elbow with half-raised hand. Middle left, two outline calf suckling. Recent gra$ti and other arm bent at elbow with extended #ngers below head. extended #ngers below head. outline double-triangle #gures between two lower cows. See also extended #ngers below head. Carefully executed cow facing left Carefully executed cow facing left with elongated heads. Middle right, NIGNAM001265-266 for close-up Carefully executed cow facing left with block-pecked outline and body with block-pecked outline and body #gure with decorated back-skirt views of engravings. with block-pecked outline and body decoration. Pendants suspended decoration. Pendants suspended faces right and bent at hips holds decoration. Pendants suspended below neck and jaw. Prone man and below neck and jaw. Prone man and two sticks. Small double triangle below neck and jaw. Prone man and cow both superimpose unidenti#able cow both superimpose unidenti#able #gure and #gure facing right has cow both superimpose unidenti#able engravings. engravings. decorated dress and holds one engravings. hand to face. Possible block-pecked club lying above block-pecked hare (NIGNAM0010268-269). 64 65 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NORTHERN AÏR MOUNTAINS 002

NIGNAM0010268 NIGNAM0010271 NIGNAM0010273 NIGNAM0010276 Block-pecked engraving of running Rounded sandstone boulder with Large, "aking sandstone boulder at Close-ups of rhinoceros hare. outline double triangle #gure with ground level. Circle of single stones in NIGNAM0010270 & decorated tulip head and half-raised encloses some 50 square metres of NIGNAM0010272-273. Scale bar. NIGNAM0020001 hands. One hand holds possible slightly raised space before boulder. Close-up of lions, men and gira!es in shield. Other arm has two pendants Large outline pecked engraving of NIGNAM0020025-26. on elbow and hand appears to rhinoceros faces left. Numerous very hold round object on stick. At left, small pecked engravings include decorated ostrich faces left. At right, man, man holding horizontal stick, probable sheep faces left. At bottom, man driving animal left, crude four- two ostriches and unidenti#ed legged animals including cows(?) and animal. gira!e, and ostrich. Rhino appears to NIGNAM0010279 superimpose some small engravings. Lower grindstone lying on See also 274-276 for close-ups of sand with pyramid-shaped hill panel with scale bas. (NIGNAM0010281) in background. NIGNAM0010269 Block-pecked engraving of running NIGNAM0010277 hare. Scale bar Close-up of elephant in NIGNAM0010262-263. Scale bar. NIGNAM0020002 On roof of low but fairly deep sandstone shelter some four metres above oued, paintings in maroon, red and bichrome of geometric NIGNAM0010272 designs and Ti#nagh script: bichrome Large, "aking sandstone boulder at concentric circles, circles, squares, ground level. Circle of single stones grids and Ti#nagh script. Black encloses some 50 square metres of NIGNAM0010274 charcoal gra$ti (modern Ti#nagh NIGNAM0010280 script). Paintings in NIGWAM0020002 slightly raised space before boulder. Close-ups of rhinoceros Two tourists search for engravings Large outline pecked engraving of in NIGNAM0010270 & & 22-24 are claimed by Tuareg for amongst huge jumble of rocks with their ancestors. NIGNAM0010270 rhinoceros faces left. Numerous very NIGNAM001272-273. Scale bars. many hundreds of images. small pecked engravings include Large, "aking sandstone boulder at NIGNAM0010278 man, man holding horizontal stick, ground level. Circle of single stones View of boulder-strewn sandstone man driving animal left, crude four- encloses some 50 square metres of ridge and low hill in background. legged animals including cows(?) and slightly raised space before boulder. Two lower grindstones lie against gira!e, and ostrich. Rhino appears to Large outline pecked engraving of pavement in foreground rhinoceros faces left. Numerous very superimpose some small engravings. small pecked engravings include See also 274-276 for close-ups of man, man holding horizontal stick, panel with scale bar. man driving animal left, crude four- legged animals including cows(?) and gira!e, and ostrich. Rhino appears to superimpose some small engravings. See also NIGNAM0010274-276 for NIGNAM0010275 NIGNAM0010281 close-ups of panel with scale bars. Close-ups of rhinoceros ?????????????????????????????????????? in NIGNAM0010270 & ?????????????????????????????????????? NIGNAM0010272-273. Scale bars. ??????????

NIGNAM0020003 Series of natural round holes along trails worn into the rock over the millennia by camel caravans.. See also NIGNAM0020007-8. 66 67 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM00200008 NIGNAM0020011 NIGNAM0020014 NIGNAM0020018 ?????????????????????????????????????? Direct view of Ti#nagh script and ?????????????????????????????????????? Direct view of Ti#nagh script and ?????????? vehicle in NIGNAM0020007 & 10. ?????????? vehicle in NIGNAM0020007 & 10. Scale bar. Scale bar.

NIGNAM0020004 NIGNAM0020006 Series of natural round holes along Engraving over #ve metres long trails worn into the rock over the of man facing forwards alongside millennia by camel caravans.See also parallel tracks worn in the rock over NIGNAM0020007-8 millennia by camel caravans. NIGNAM0020009 NIGNAM0020012 NIGNAM0020015 NIGNAM0020019 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Detail from NIGNAM0020017-18. ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? Large right-hand reground and painted #gure and oblong painted #gure, both surrounded by small engravings of mounted camels and ancient Ti#nagh script. Note man on horse below painted oblong #gure.

NIGNAM0020013 NIGNAM0020016 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0020020 Adjacent to engravings in NIGNAM0020017-18, reground NIGNAM0020005 NIGNAM0020007 engraving of Libyan warrior wearing Engraving over #ve metres long Close-up of head of man in decorated tunic and breeches. Spear/ of man facing forwards alongside NIGNAM0020008. Circle for head club near hand, and shield hanging parallel tracks worn in the rock over with dotted peck marks. Five short from elbow. Crude outline camel. millennia by camel caravans. rays (feathers?) on top of head. Arms ‘Stick’ man with one enormously raised and #ngers extended. Circle NIGNAM0020010 elongated leg. Part image of man on shoulder and vertical herringbone ?????????????????????????????????????? mounted on horse. Ancient Ti#nagh pattern on chest. Outline animal to ?????????? script. right of head. In background, modern Ti#nagh script and engraving of NIGNAM0020014 NIGNAM0020017 vehicle with driver and passenger ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (0010-11). ?????????? ??????????

68 69 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

solid-pecked Libyan man with oval head with hoops for ears, thin neck and wearing tight breeches. See also NIGNAM0020032.

NIGNAM0020023 NIGNAM0020028 NIGNAM0020031 NIGNAM0020034 In shelter in NIGWAM0020021, two Close-up of concentric circles in On side of huge sandstone rocks, Oblique view of middle and right of bichrome sets of concentric circles. NIGWAM0020023. Scale bar. engravings of cows above outline engraved panel in NIGNAM0020031. Note recent engraved lines and dots engraving of decorated gira!e, Libyan Line of ostriches, antelope and above paintings. warrior with ‘mushroom’ head holding gira!e(?) at far end of panel. spear; cow with huge up-curved NIGNAM0020026 horns facing right; and other animals. Right extension of shelter roof in NIGWAM0020002. Four sets of bichrome concentric circles. Faded red man on horse, small design NIGNAM0020021 and ‘stick’ man facing forwards. See On "at vertical sandstone face. NIGWAM0020024 for close-up of Engravings. Two large horses facing circles. Scale bar. right with ancient Ti#nagh script and small outline man facing forwards. NIGNAM0020029 Two solid-pecked men with ‘tulip’ At right on NIGNAM0020025, heads facing forwards. Two men on NIGNAM0020024 two (perhaps three) engraved NIGNAM0020035 horses mixed into jumble of animals On "at vertical sandstone face. men wearing cloaks face left and Rolled rock. Top of rock (bottom of and lines. At right, ‘square’ man facing Engravings. Two large horses facing superimpose decorated gira!e. Left, NIGNAM0020032 rock before it rolled), engravings of forwards above cow facing right, and right with ancient Ti#nagh script and two deeply incised outline gira!es On "at vertical sandstone face. antelope with long neck and horns solid-pecked Libyan man with oval small outline man facing forwards. with some decoration on bodies Engravings. Two large horses facing walking left followed by line of #ve head with hoops for ears, thin neck Two solid-pecked men with ‘tulip’ (Pastoral Period). Large and small right with ancient Ti#nagh script and or more gira!es (probably Pastoral and wearing tight breeches. See also heads facing forwards. Two men on deeply engraved outline lions. Right small outline man facing forwards. Period). Bottom of rock (top before it NIGNAM0020032. horses mixed into jumble of animals lion superimpose gira!es. Lions Two solid-pecked men with ‘tulip’ rolled), antelope with curved horns and lines. At right, ‘square’ man facing have been touched up and cupules heads facing forwards. Two men on (sable antelope?), outline decorated forwards above cow facing right, and NIGNAM0020027 possibly added later. (Probably horses mixed into jumble of animals gira!es, zebra(?) and unidenti#ed solid-pecked Libyan man with oval On "at vertical sandstone face. less than 3 000 years old). See also and lines. At right, ‘square’ man facing animals. head with hoops for ears, thin neck Engravings. Two large horses facing NIGNAM0020001 & NIGNAM0020028. forwards above cow facing right, and and wearing tight breeches. See also right with ancient Ti#nagh script and solid-pecked Libyan man with oval NIGNAM0020032. small outline man facing forwards. head with hoops for ears, thin neck Two solid-pecked men with ‘tulip’ and wearing tight breeches. See also heads facing forwards. Two men on NIGNAM0020032. horses mixed into jumble of animals and lines. At right, ‘square’ man facing forwards above cow facing right, and solid-pecked Libyan man with oval head with hoops for ears, thin neck NIGNAM0020022 and wearing tight breeches. See also Large shelter near shelter in NIGNAM0020032. NIGWAM0020002 & 23-24. See NIGWAM0020022 for paintings of NIGNAM0020030 bichrome concentric circles near left ?????????????????????????????????????? side of shelter. NIGNAM0020025 ?????????? On "at vertical sandstone face. Engravings. Two large horses facing NIGNAM0020033 NIGNAM0020036 right with ancient Ti#nagh script and Diagonal view of middle and right of On rough sandstone face, vertical small outline man facing forwards. engraved panel in NIGNAM0020031. lines of ancient Ti#nagh script above Two solid-pecked men with ‘tulip’ Line of ostriches, antelope and pecked outline engraving of antelope heads facing forwards. Two men on gira!e(?) at far end of panel. with predator’s tail and other eroded horses mixed into jumble of animals animals. At bottom, recent crude and lines. At right, ‘square’ man facing engraving of animal facing left forwards above cow facing right, and (cow?) and small ostriches, cows and antelope. 70 71 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

TIRREGHAMIS – RAIN QUEEN 003

NIGNAM0030004 ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030001 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? NIGNAM0020039 At right on NIGNAM0020025, NIGNAM0030006 NIGNAM0030008 NIGNAM0020037 two (perhaps three) engraved Close up of warrior with leather ?????????????????????????????????????? On rough sandstone face, vertical men wearing cloaks face left and clothing, feathers on head and large ?????????? lines of ancient Ti#nagh script above superimpose decorated gira!e. Left, earrings holds two javelins and reins pecked outline engraving of antelope two deeply incised outline gira!es of horse in one hand and stick with with predator’s tail and other eroded with some decoration on bodies three-pronged end in other hand. animals. At bottom, recent crude (Pastoral Period). Large and small Possible shield hangs from elbow. engraving of animal facing left deeply engraved outline lions. Right Small crude relatively recently pecked (cow?) and small ostriches, cows and lion superimpose gira!es. Lions #gure above warrior. antelope. have been touched up and cupules possibly added later. (Probably less than 3 000 years old). See also 0001 & 28.

NIGNAM0030002 ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030005 Warrior with leather clothing, feathers on head and large earrings holds two javelins and reins of horse in one hand and stick with three-pronged end in other hand. Possible shield hangs from elbow. Ti#nagh-style script. Horse. Small crude relatively recently pecked #gure above warrior. Contextual shot

NIGNAM0030003 NIGNAM0030007 NIGNAM0020009 NIGNAM0020038 Warrior with leather clothing, feathers ?????????????????????????????????????? Contextual image showing engraved Detail from NIGNAM0020017-18. NIGNAM0020040 on head and large earrings holds ?????????? warrior #gures on the rocky outcrop. Large left-hand reground and painted Towards summit of sandstone slope two javelins and reins of horse in one In the foreground on the right is large #gure surrounded by ancient Ti#nagh in 0003-4. Pecked engraving of hand and stick with three-pronged decorated #gure with ti#nagh script script. schematic head and forelegs of cow and on the left is a similar warrior with head turned to front. Note how end in other hand. Possible shield hangs #gure with a smaller #gure next to head re"ects human face. Ti#nagh him. Figures have headdresses. Other script near cow’s horn. Probably crude images are from camel period recent. Scale bar. See 0009 for close- also visible. up of engraving. 72 73 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030012 NIGNAM0030018 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030010 NIGNAM0030014 NIGNAM0030015 NIGNAM0030021 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Another composition with person for ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? scale (Reference 0012) showing the larger than life size warrior #gure and other smaller #gures.

NIGNAM0030013 NIGNAM0030015 – Several large warrior #gures with ?????????????????????????????????????? headresses around the base of a large ?????????? NIGNAM0030019 boulder (See 0022 for scale.) Another composition (Reference 0012) showing the larger than life size warrior #gure and other smaller #gures.

NIGNAM0020017 NIGNAM0030022 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030011 ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0020020 Another composition (Reference 0012) showing the larger than life size warrior #gure and other smaller #gures. 74 75 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030027 NIGNAM0030030 NIGNAM0030033 NIGNAM0030036 ?????????????????????????????????????? Cattle and ostrich engravings facing ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? right on a small boulder. See 0063 for ?????????? ?????????? scale.

NIGNAM0030023 NIGNAM0030025 ?????????????????????????????????????? Oblique view of main panel in ?????????? NIGNAM0030012 & 14.

NIGNAM0030028 NIGNAM0030031 NIGNAM0030034 NIGNAM0030037 ?????????????????????????????????????? NFBM – Cattle and ostrich engravings ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? facing right on a small boulder. ?????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030032 NIGNAM0030038 NFBM – Cattle and ostrich engravings ?????????????????????????????????????? facing right on a small boulder. ??????????

NIGNAM0030024 NIGNAM0030026 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030035 NIGNAM0030029 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????

76 77 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030039 NIGNAM0030042 NIGNAM0030054 Two relatively recent pecked outline Measuring the engravings in 0039 ?????????????????????????????????????? engravings of domestic bulls with using a measuring string with 5cm ?????????? small heads and up-curved horns. sections

NIGNAM0030046 A small warrior #gure engraved on a rock that #ts its shape. Note a design of face/ head which is similar to the NIGNAM0030049 NIGNAM0030052 Ashanti doll #gures of West Africa ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030043 NIGNAM0030040 Measuring the engravings in 0039 NIGNAM0030055 ?????????????????????????????????????? using a measuring string with 5cm ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? sections ??????????

NIGNAM0030047 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? NIGNAM0030050 ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030044 Measuring the engravings in 0039 using a measuring string with 5cm NIGNAM0030041 sections ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030053 ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????

NIGNAM0030051 NIGNAM0030056 Closer view of top of sandstone NIGNAM0030048 Detail of warrior in 0042 & 54. Note rock with large frieze of small and ?????????????????????????????????????? recently pecked small animal at top jumbled, pecked engravings many NIGNAM0030045 ?????????? left. See also ?????????????????????????????????????? superimpositions of warriors (0052 ?????????? & 55), stick men, men on horses and recently pecked small animals. See 0054 for closer view of frieze. 78 79 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030057 NIGNAM0030063 NIGNAM0030065 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Another view of the panel described ?????????? ?????????? in 0030. See 0063 for scale.

NIGNAM0030060 ?????????????????????????????????????? NIGNAM0030068 NIGNAM0030070 ?????????? Di!erent vertical view depicting NFBM #gures in 0012 NIGNAM0030066 Contextual of the granite outcrop NIGNAM0030058 NIGNAM0030063 with some engravings visible on the ?????????????????????????????????????? Cattle and ostrich engravings facing big rock behind. ?????????? right on a small boulder. See 0030 for close up of the engraving.

NIGNAM0030061 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? NIGNAM0030067 View of central area of the site NIGNAM0030059 featuring engravings on the "at rock ?????????????????????????????????????? in the foreground. See 0042 for detail ?????????? as well as top of huge warrior #gure in 0012 and 0014.

NIGNAM0030069 NIGNAM0030071 Di!erent vertical view depicting Close up view depicting #gures in #gures in 0012. 0012. See also 0072

NIGNAM0030062 NIGNAM0030064 Detail showing engraved scene Engravings on a rock featuring featuring a warrior #gure (right) a warrior #gure in a headdress holding the tail of a horse facing superimposed over older engravings left with rider. To left of horse is an including horse and ostriches. ostrich. Ti#nagh script.

80 81 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030072 NIGNAM0030074 NIGNAM0030076 NIGNAM0030079 NIGNAM0030081 NIGNAM0030083 Huge warrior #gure with person (The View looking along a broken rock face Close up view depicting #gures in Many superimposed engravings on NFBM Same as 0010 Close up of the warrior #gures in 0082 Late Alec Campbell) for scale. showing large warrior #gure in the 0012. See also 0072 for scale. "at rock (see 0042) at the centre of background. the site and desert in the background.

NIGNAM0030077 NIGNAM0030082 Looking from a di!erent angle of the Fairly large pecked engraving of view in 0074. warrior wearing decorated leather clothing, feathers on head and earrings. Bunch of short javelins in one hand. Possible ancient Ti#nagh script. Small #gure with arms and legs spread on right side. On left rock, smaller cruder engraving of warrior wearing clothing and feathers. Both hands raised hold two javelins in one hand and objects (shields?) hanging from other elbow. Very small crude NIGNAM0030084 NIGNAM0030072 warrior on left and ancient Ti#nagh Oblique view of one of the main Di!erent view showing top part of NIGNAM0030075 NIGNAM0030080 script. See NIGNAM0030011 for warrior #gures in 0082 large warrior #gure with recorder for Close up showing where the granite Vertical view of panel described in oblique view of larger warrior and scale. boulder has broken, splitting one of 0042. NIGNAM0030078 other engravings on side of boulder. the engraved #gures in two. Detail showing engravings of camels and human #gures.

82 83 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030085 NIGNAM0030090 NIGNAM0030093 NIGNAM0030096 NFBM Same as 0003. Engraving of warrior #gure with Close up view of the engraving Cattle engravings on a boulder facing headress holding spears /lances. described in 0090. right with other faded images. Ti#nagh script. Boulder has fallen over on its side since engraving was made.

NIGNAM0030088 NIGNAM0030100 View from below of large faded View looking up the hill (outcrops) NIGNAM0030086 engraving of warrior #gure with featuring gira!e engravings in the NFBM. headdress and shield. Ti#nagh script. NIGNAM0030094 NIGNAM0030097 foreground and warrior #gures in Cattle engravings on a boulder facing Close up of cattle engravings on a headdresses above with ti#nagh right. boulder facing right with other faded script. images.

NIGNAM0030087 NIGNAM0030091 Close up of image described in 0003. NFBM - Vertical view of 0090. NIGNAM0030098 Evening views of the main granite outcrop where most of the engravings are located.

NIGNAM0030089 NFBM - View from below of large faded engraving of warrior #gure with NIGNAM0030095 NIGNAM0030101 headdress and shield. Ti#nagh script. NIGNAM0030092 Oblique showing engravings of Landscape next to the site featuring Close up view of the engraving roan antelope on a boulder. These what could be a grave in the described in 0090. engravings maybe well of much foreground earlier than the engravings of the warrior #gures NIGNAM0030099 NFBM - Another evening view of 0098

84 85 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0030104 NIGNAM0030107 NIGNAM0030110 NIGNAM0030113 Cattle engravings on a boulder A group of three engraved schematic Oblique view showing small Engraving of a cow facing left. Note together with more recent images of #gures, one holding a cleft stick . un#nished view of warrior #gure on a measuring string with 5cm intervals. camels and cattle. boulder.

NIGNAM0030102 Ground (carved) depressions in one NIGNAM0030116 of the rocks at the site with desert Eroded unidenti#ed engraving with behind. measuring strings. NIGNAM0030108 NIGNAM0030114 The three engraved #gures in 0107 “Sandal” engravings with ti#nagh with a measuring string with 5cm script. Much has been written about intervals. sandal images in Saharan rock art

NIGNAM0030105 NIGNAM0030117 NFBM - Cattle engravings on a NIGNAM0030111 Partly damaged, faded engraving of Engraving of a cow facing left with boulder together with more recent measuring string. images of camels and cattle antelope facing left on the top of a boulder, possibly old. NIGNAM0030115 Faded engraving of a gira!e facing left and a cow beneath its neck.

NIGNAM0030103 Warrior #gure engraved on one of the rocks.

NIGNAM0030106 NIGNAM0030109 NFBM – Same as 0040 Close up of another decorated warrior NIGNAM0030112 #gure with impressive headdress Detail showing small crude and decorations. Recorder holds engravings of a man with horse up a measuring string with 5cmm intervals. 86 87 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0040003 NIGNAM0040009 Looking out of shelter in Oblique view of Horse-Camel Period NIGWAM0040001-2. red paintings on wall of shelter in NIGWAM0040001-8. Outline camels and horses. Men holding horse tethers. Men mounted on camels and horses. Men standing facing forwards and standing in rows. Antelope. Cross, shields/geometric designs. Ti#nagh script. See 0010-15 for direct views of painted panel and 0016-20 for details NIGNAM0040006 of paintings. Closer view of shelter wall in NIGWAM0040001-2 & 4. Note Pastoral NIGNAM0030118 NIGNAM0030121 NIGNAM0030123 Period cattle paintings at top of panel. Oblique view of two warrior #gures Engraving showing warrior #gure on Close up of head and shoulders of on a boulder with a cow facing right a horse facing left and an ostrich to #gure described in 0122. underneath. the left of the horse. A warrior/ hunter may have a falcon on his right arm and may be hunting the ostrich. GREBOUNNI 004

NIGNAM0040004 Oblique view of shelter in NIGNAM0040010 NIGWAM0040001-3. Recorder Direct views of painted panel standing in foreground and in NIGWAM0040009. In red, mainly Horse-Camel Period NIGNAM0040007 NIGWAM0040012-14 Pastoral Period paintings visible on shelter wall. See Closer view of shelter wall in bichrome cattle visible at top of panel NIGWAM0040005-6 NIGWAM0040001-2 & 4. Note Pastoral (NIGWAM0040019). Period cattle paintings at top of panel. NIGNAM0030119 NIGNAM0040001 Small engraving of an antelope facing View of sandstone shelter from south. right with measuring string. See NIGWAM0040002.

NIGNAM0040011 NIGNAM0040008 Direct views of painted panel Closer view of shelter wall in in NIGWAM0040009. In NIGNAM0030122 NIGWAM0040001-2 & 4. Note Pastoral NIGWAM0040012-14 Pastoral Period Exceptional engraving of a decorated NIGNAM0040002 Period cattle paintings at top of panel. bichrome cattle visible at top of panel #gure facing forward with arms (NIGWAM0040019 NIGNAM0030120 Closer view of sandstone shelter in raised, probably a warrior. Note style/ NIGWAM0040001 NFBM- Small engraving of an design of face/head similar to Ashanti NIGNAM0040005 antelope facing right with measuring doll #gures in West Africa which Closer view of shelter wall in string. in"uenced western artists like Paul NIGWAM0040001-2 & 4. Note Pastoral Klee. Period cattle paintings at top of panel. 88 89 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0040012 NIGNAM0040017 NIGNAM0040020 NIGNAM0050003 NIGNAM0050008 Direct views of painted panel Three forward facing #gures in Decorated pottery (one sherd Contextual view of shelter with Contextual view looking out of cave in NIGWAM0040009. In NGWAM0040016, horse facing right drilled for carrying string), upper at least four sets of polychrome featuring polychrome concentric NIGWAM0040012-14 Pastoral Period and possible mounted horse facing grindstones/pestles, stone chopper concentric circles (Red, white and circles and geometric grids as well as bichrome cattle visible at top of panel left. Scale bar. and small utilised blades. black) . Scale bar. ti#nagh script. (NIGWAM0040019

MAMMANET 2 MAMMANET 3 005 006

NIGNAM0040014 Direct views of painted panel in NIGWAM0040009. In NIGWAM0040012-14 Pastoral Period bichrome cattle visible at top of panel (NIGWAM0040019 NIGNAM0050004 Close up showing a poychrome concentric circles in 0003. Scale bar. NIGNAM0050001 NIGNAM0060001 View of site showing the cave / shelter View looking up the sloping hillside (centre right). featuring a huge , larger- than-lifesize warrior #gure facing forward with outsretched arms. Also note sandal images lower right. The long lines , like vehicle tracks stretching away from recorders have been worn by camel caravans in top the rock over a NIGNAM0040015 NIGNAM0040018 thousand years. Direct views of painted panel Schematic human #gures facing NIGNAM0040013 in NIGWAM0040009. In forwards, thick outline cow facing left Direct views of painted panel NIGWAM0040012-14 Pastoral Period and mounted camel facing right. in NIGWAM0040009. In NIGNAM0050005 bichrome cattle visible at top of panel NIGWAM0040012-14 Pastoral Period Detail showing set of polychrome (NIGWAM0040019). bichrome cattle visible at top of panel (Red, white and black) concentric (0019). NIGNAM0050002 circles. Scale bar (Rotated). View of rock shelter with person for scale showing small clay, oven – like structure on the right. Note, red and white concentric circles to the left of recorders head.

NIGNAM0040019 Faded bichrome Pastoral Period cow NIGNAM0040016 facing right. NIGNAM0050006 Two clothed #gures with headdresses View looking out of cave showing and facing forwards stand either multiple, recent polychrome NIGNAM0060001 side of small clothed #gure facing paintings with ti#nagh script on roof Close up of warrior engraving on "at forwards. See also NIGNAM0040017 of cave. Note concentric circles and rock facing forward with outstretched for scale bar. geometrics. arms, shield and headdress. 90 91 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

MAMMANET 4 007 MAMMANET 6 009

NIGNAM0070008 NIGNAM0070005 Oblique view of decorated engravings of warrior and cattle . Warriors have NIGNAM0080007 Oblique view of large panel of gira!e NFBM - Close up showing a line of engravings on a small sandstone headdresses, images have been scrapped and polished. warriors with headdresses with an NIGNAM0070001 cli! , note predator like animal left of animal perhaps a cow below to the Large panel of gira!e engravings on centre facing right, also note human right s ti#nagh script. a small sandstone cli!. See 0004 for #gures, headdress and ostrich as well MAMMANET 5 scale. as cattle. 5cm Scale bar. 008

NIGNAM0080004 Detail showing three decorated warrior #gures with headdresses facing forward. See 0002 for scale. NIGNAM0090001 Joan Root holds her pad to create NIGNAM0070002 NIGNAM0080001 NIGNAM0080008 shade for photographer. Wider view of large panel of gira!e NIGNAM0070006 Engraving of a cow or rhino facing Detail from 0002 showing a hunting engravings on a small sandstone cli!. Close up of gira!e engravings, ostrich right on a cli! face. scene featuring a warrior #gure with See 0004 for scale. and gazelle, 5cm scale bar. stick or lance, apparently holding an animal on left, probably a horse. On the right is an antelope facing left which is being attacked by two dogs one on the left and the other on the right. See 0002 for scale.

NIGNAM0080005 NFBM Detail from 0002 showing a hunting scene featuring a warrior #gure with stick or lance, apparently NIGNAM0090002 holding an animal on left, probably Recorder standing next to a large lion NIGNAM0080002 a horse. On the right is an antelope engraving. NIGNAM0070003 Straight on view of decorated facing left which is being attacked Close up of large panel of gira!e NIGNAM0070007 engravings of warrior and cattle . by two dogs one on the left and the engravings on a small sandstone cli! . Detail showing three gira!e Warriors have headdresses, images other on the right. See 0002 for scale See 0004 for scale engraving facing right as well as have been scrapped and polished. ostrich, cattle and human #gures, 10cm Scale bar 5cm scale bar

NIGNAM0070004 NIGNAM0080006 Close up of large panel of gira!e NIGNAM0080003 Close up showing a line of warriors engravings on a small sandstone cli! Close up showing several decorated with headdresses with an animal with 20cm scale bar. warrior #gures facing forward next to perhaps a cow below to the right s a decorated cow. See 0002 for scale. ti#nagh script, Scale bar 92 93 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

BLACK MOUNTAINS 010

NIGNAM0090003 NIGNAM0090005 At right two (perhaps three) engraved Close-up of lions, men and gira!es in men wearing cloaks face left and NIGNAM0090003/04. superimpose decorated gira!e. Left, two deeply incised outline gira!es NIGNAM0100001 with some decoration on bodies View of engraving site with two (Pastoral Period). Large and small sandstone pinnacles and outcrop deeply engraved outline lions. Right littered with broken boulders. lion superimpose gira!es. Lions have been touched up and cupules possibly added later. (Probably less than 3,000 years old). See also NIGNAM010003 NIGNAM010005 NIGNAM010007 NIGNAM0090004/05/07. Boulder with pecked engravings of Engraved panel in NIGNAM0100004 Close-up of engraved panel in gira!e, warrior wearing skirt and head seen from di!erent angle. NIGNAM0100004-6. feathers, and holding metal-tipped NIGNAM0090006 spear. Domestic bull facing left. Close-up of lions, men and gira!es in Second faded warrior holding spear. NIGNAM0090003/04. With scale. Two eroded animals.

NIGNAM0090004 At right two (perhaps three) engraved men wearing cloaks face left and superimpose decorated gira!e. Left, two deeply incised outline gira!es with some decoration on bodies NIGNAM0090007 (Pastoral Period). Large and small Close-up of lions, men and gira!es in NIGNAM0100002 deeply engraved outline lions. Right NIGNAM0090003/04. With scale. lion superimpose gira!es. Lions Boulder with pecked engravings of have been touched up and cupules gira!e, warrior wearing skirt and head possibly added later. (Probably feathers, and holding metal-tipped less than 3,000 years old). See also spear. Domestic bull facing left. NIGNAM0090003/05/07. Second faded warrior holding spear. Two eroded animals. NIGNAM010006 NIGNAM010008 Engraved panel in NIGNAM0100004 Bedrock in sandstone outcrop. seen from di!erent angle. Top, pecked antelope facing left NIGNAM010004 superimposed on eroded antelope Right pinnacle in NIGNAM0100001. facing left. Several deeply pecked Pecked engravings of warrior with and eroded small animals facing left. headdress holding metal-tipped Eroded and deeply pecked antelope spear and shield. Warrior with tulip with straight horns facing up. Large NIGNAM0090007 head holding metal-tipped spear and pecked and decorated gira!e facing Close-up of lions, men and gira!es in shield. Warrior wearing decorated left. Bottom right, outline pecked NIGNAM0090003/04. dress holding ‘banner’. Double- camel(?) facing left. Bottom left, triangle #gure holding object. Two pecked outline animal facing up. NIGNAM0090004 tulip-headed men. Man with large Close-up of lions, men and gira!es in rectangular head. Decorated ostrich NIGNAM0090003/04. facing left. See also 0005-7. 94 95 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM010011 NIGNAM010018 NIGNAM010021 Panel of pecked engravings with Near duplicates with 10 cm Sloping bedrock. Outline man facing superimposition. Man mounted on measuring string on 0016-17. Close forwards, elbows bent. Ostriches horse. Three ostriches. Four or #ve up of cow and ostriches on rear facing left. Camel facing left. cows. Ti#nagh script. boulder in NIGNAM0100012.

NIGNAM010009 NIGNAM010013 NIGNAM010016 Bedrock in sandstone outcrop. Close-up of cows and ostrich Near duplicates with 10 cm Top, pecked antelope facing left on foreground boulder in measuring string on 0016-17. Close superimposed on eroded antelope NIGNAM0100012. up of cow and ostriches on rear facing left. Several deeply pecked boulder in NIGNAM0100012. and eroded small animals facing left. Eroded and deeply pecked antelope with straight horns facing up. Large pecked and decorated gira!e facing left. Bottom right, outline pecked camel(?) facing left. Bottom left, pecked outline animal facing up.

NIGNAM010014 NIGNAM010022 NIGNAM010012 Reversed. Duplicates with 10 cm NIGNAM010019 Near duplicates with 10 Sloping boulders. Rear boulder. measuring string on 0014. Close-up of Sloping bedrock. Outline man facing cm measuring string on Pecked outline engravings of cows facing each other and ostriches forwards, elbows bent. Ostriches NIGNAM0100023. Pecked outline ostrich and cows, one cow with in 0013. facing left. Camel facing left. gira!e and two ostriches. deliberately deformed horns (0016- 18). Foreground boulder. Ostriches facing up between two cows with deliberately deformed horns facing each other (0013-15). Third cow with deformed horns.

NIGNAM010017 Near duplicates with 10 cm measuring string on 0016-17. Close up of cow and ostriches on rear boulder in NIGNAM0100012. NIGNAM010015 NIGNAM010020 NIGNAM010023 Duplicates with 10 cm measuring Sloping bedrock. Outline man facing Pecked outline gira!e and two NIGNAM010010 string on 0014. Close-up of cows forwards, elbows bent. Ostriches ostriches. Panel of pecked engravings with facing each other and ostriches in facing left. Camel facing left. superimposition. Man mounted on 0013. horse. Three ostriches. Four or #ve cows. Ti#nagh script.

96 97 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM010026 NIGNAM010031 NIGNAM0010037 Close-up of possible cow in Pecked outline gazelle facing left. Pecked outline engraving of NIGNAM0100024-25. Possibly late Pastoral Period. cow facing right superimposing engravings of other animals including ostrich.

LAST TASSILI 011

NIGNAM010024 NIGNAM010034 NIGNAM010029 Pecked outline antelope with Duplicates with 10 cm string measure Pecked outline ostrich facing left forward-curved horns. Eroded pecked on 0034. Pecked outline antelope turned into animal with four legs. facing right. outline cow with deformed horns and NIGNAM010027 person milking it (00026-27). Block- Close-up of possible cow in pecked ‘dumbbell’ shape. NIGNAM0100024-25.

NIGNAM0110001 Huge sandstone boulder with pecked engravings on rear side. See also 0002-5. NIGNAM010032 Pecked outline gazelle facing left. Possibly late Pastoral Period. NIGNAM010035 Near duplicates with 10 cm string measure on 0036. Pecked outline antelope facing right.

NIGNAM010030 Pecked outline horse(?) rearing to left.

NIGNAM010025 NIGNAM010028 Pecked outline antelope with Close-up of possible cow in forward-curved horns. Eroded pecked NIGNAM0100024-25. NIGNAM010036 outline cow with deformed horns and Near duplicates with 10 cm string person milking it (00026-27). Block- measure on 0036. Pecked outline pecked ‘dumbbell’ shape. antelope facing right.

NIGNAM0110002 NIGNAM010033 One end of boulder in Duplicates with 10 cm string measure NIGNAM0110001. on 0034. Pecked outline antelope facing right. 98 99 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0110003 NIGNAM0110006 NIGNAM0110018 One end of boulder in Left section of engraved panel in Near duplicate of NIGNAM0110015 NIGNAM0110001. NIGNAM0110004-5. and 19 with addition of outline ostrich and ostrich chick.

NIGNAM0110009 NIGNAM0110015 Head of cow with pendant and large Pecked outline engravings of two horns in NIGNAM0110004. domestic bulls facing right. Left bull NIGNAM0110013 has two pendants on head and right Panel in NIGNAM0110011 with bull has one pendant. Bottom, two extension to right. Two ostriches below outline antelope with long horns and bull and block-pecked man facing block-pecked decoration on bodies. NIGNAM0110004 forwards. Rear side of boulder with pecked outline engravings. Top left, eroded ostrich. Upper middle from left, bird walking right, antelope with part decorated body facing left (0007), decorated antelope with curved horns facing right (0008), two ostriches facing left, outline cow with large NIGNAM0110010 horns and pendant(0009) and ostrich Section of panel in NIGNAM0110004, (0011) above outline cow facing left, antelope facing left (0007), antelope NIGNAM0110019 outline animal (predator?) facing right. NIGNAM0110007 facing right (0008), outline ostrich Pecked outline engravings of two Lower middle from left, block-pecked Close-up of antelope with part and front of cow with pendant and NIGNAM0110016 domestic bulls facing right. Left bull ostrich facing left, decorated antelope decorated body in NIGNAM0110004. large horns (0009), small ostriches and Right section of engraved panel has two pendants on head and right facing right, outline domestic bull with See also 0008. second cow with pendant. in 0004. Small outline predator bull has one pendant. Bottom, two pendant below head facing left, two facing right above cow facing left outline antelope with long horns and small outline ostriches facing left and superimposed over animal facing left. block-pecked decoration on bodies. right, outline man facing forwards, Outline cow facing right with pendant outline cow with pendant facing right below head. and outline cow with pendant facing left. Bottom from left, block-pecked ostrich facing right.

NIGNAM0110014 Panel in NIGNAM0110011 with extension to right. Two ostriches below NIGNAM0110008 bull and block-pecked man facing Close up of two antelope, one facing forwards. left (0007), and one facing left and NIGNAM0110020 right (0004) Near duplicates. From left, two tiny NIGNAM0110017 pecked animals facing left. Man (0022- Right section of engraved panel 23) in shape of cross with two prongs NIGNAM0110010 in 0004. Small outline predator on head (between two natural holes in NIGNAM0110005 Detail from NIGNAM0110004. Outline facing right above cow facing left rock). Possible person with arms and Direct view of engraved panel in small ostrich and domestic bull with superimposed over animal facing left. legs spread, holding curved object NIGNAM0110004. pendant standing on back of second Outline cow facing right with pendant in one hand. Pecked circle above dot bull with pendant. below head. (0024). 100 101 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

DUMBELL SITE 012

NIGNAM0110021 NIGNAM0110029 NIGNAM0110032 Near duplicates. From left, two tiny On large boulder. Near duplicates On large boulder. Crudely pecked pecked animals facing left. Man (0022- with 10 cm measuring string on 0030. gazelle facing left with schematic 23) in shape of cross with two prongs Small pecked outline elephant facing man. on head (between two natural holes in right, decorated gira!e facing left and NIGNAM0120001 rock). Possible person with arms and domestic bull facing left with pendant View of rock shelter from below, site is legs spread, holding curved object below head. located at the back of the shelter in one hand. Pecked circle above dot (0024). NIGNAM0110023 Duplicates with 10 cm measuring string on 0022. Close-up of man shaped like a cross in NIGNAM0110026 NIGNAM0110020-21. Duplicates with measuring string on 0025. Possible man in NIGNAM0110020-21 & 24. 10 cm measuring string.

NIGNAM0110030 NIGNAM0120002 On large boulder. Near duplicates View looking out of the shelter across with 10 cm measuring string on 0030. valley. Small pecked outline elephant facing right, decorated gira!e facing left and domestic bull facing left with pendant NIGNAM0110024 below head. Possible man (0025-26) and circle with dot in NIGNAM00110020-21. NIGNAM0110027 NIGNAM0110033 Near duplicates. On sandstone rock On rock at base of boulder. Outline at base of boulder, pecked outline animal facing right with dependant gira!e with small circles decoration line from mouth. Possibly camel. superimposing cow’s head with NIGNAM0110022 horns(?) facing left. Near duplicates. From left, two tiny pecked animals facing left. Man (0022- 23) in shape of cross with two prongs on head (between two natural holes in rock). Possible person with arms and NIGNAM0110031 legs spread, holding curved object On large boulder. Near duplicates in one hand. Pecked circle above dot with 10 cm measuring string on 0030. (0024). Small pecked outline elephant facing right, decorated gira!e facing left and domestic bull facing left with pendant below head. NIGNAM0120003 Red and white rock painting. NIGNAM0110028 The white pigment has nearly Near duplicates. On sandstone rock disappeared leaving an incomplete NIGNAM0110025 at base of boulder, pecked outline picture of a cow facing left (Rotate Duplicates with measuring gira!e with small circles decoration 90). Note long red tail on the right. string on 0025. Possible man in superimposing cow’s head with The head and horns of the cow NIGNAM0110020-21 & 24. 10 cm horns(?) facing left. measuring string. appear to have disappeared. 102 103 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0120007 NIGNAM0120011 NIGNAM0120014 NIGNAM0120017 NIGNAM0120021 White painting of what appears to be View of the "oor of the shelter Contextual view of the site with our Detail of cupules and grooves Panel with recent cattle engraving a dog (see tail) or cow facing right. showing cupules and ground hollows. vehicle below. including an engraving of a cow and ti#nagh script. Measuring string with 5cm intervals. facing left.

MYTHICAL GIRAFFE 013 NIGNAM0120004 Red outline painting on the roof of shelter, possibly depicting a human arm with a hand / #ngers at one end? Above the painting is a wasp nest.

NIGNAM0120012 NIGNAM0120008 Outer edge of shelter "oor showing NIGNAM0120018 White painting of what appear to be a grooves, cupules and hollows. Detail showing cow engraving facing dog facing right. See 0007 for scale. left with cupules

NIGNAM0120005 Red and white painting of a cow NIGNAM0120015 facing left. View looking along one of the terraces near shelter.

NIGNAM0120009 NIGNAM0120019 NIGNAM0130001 Detail showing two white cow Engraving of an antelope facing left, Contextual view of recorder making paintings facing right. which could possibly once have been notes at the site. painted.

NIGNAM0120013 Close up from 0012 showing cupules NIGNAM0120016 and grooves. Close up showing cupules, hollows and grooves on a rock.

NIGNAM0120010 White painting of a cow facing left. NIGNAM0120020 Detail showing engraved antelope NIGNAM0120006 facing left. Note possible pigment Rotate 90 anti) Red painting of a cow residue which may indicate engraving facing left. was once painted. 104 105 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAM0130007 NIGNAM0130010 NIGNAM0130013 NIGNAM0130017 Four birds (Geese or ostrich?) moving Oblique view of decorated engraving Stylized engraving of a cow facing Pecked engraving of unidenti#ed right, pursued by a dog (?), and a of a cow facing right. right. animal facing left. warrior #gure facing forward with spear / measuring string below with 5cm intervals.

NIGNAM0130002 NIGNAM0130004 Red painting of an antelope(?) with Red paintings of two gira!e facing long horns facing left. left .

NIGNAM0130011 NIGNAM0130014 NIGNAM0130018 Straight view decorated engraving of Engraving of two gira!es facing Pecked engraving of cattle facing left. a cow facing two possible birds. right. The left animal has been decorated and the right gira!e seems un#nished. Below the head of the left gira!e is what could be a human #gure possibly “controlling” the gira!e.

NIGNAM0130005 NFBM Red paintings of two gira!e facing left. NIGNAM0130008 NIGNAM0130019 NIGNAM0130012 Close up of the warrior #gure Engraving of a decorated gira!e Engraving of an antelope facing right. engraving in 0006. facing left, below the head of the gira!e ids a hunter with a bow pointing an arrow towards the gira!e

NIGNAM0130015 Abstract engravings on a rock.

NIGNAM0130003 Red painting of an antelope(?) with long horns facing left with a measuring string of 5cm intervals. NIGNAM0130006 Four birds (Geese or ostrich?) moving right, pursued by a dog (?), and a warrior #gure facing forward with NIGNAM0130009 spear / measuring string below with Small human stick #gure engraving NIGNAM0130013 5cm intervals. next to ti#nagh engraving. Stylized engraving of a cow facing NIGNAM0130020 right. Two small engravings featuring a dog facing right opposite a barbary sheep NIGNAM0130016 facing left. Outline engravings of two cows and a dog facing left 106 107 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

TADEK WELL DABOUS 014 001

NIGNAM0130021 NIGNAM0140007 NIGWAM0010005 NIGWAM0010008 Engravings of ostriches facing right. View across a riverbed near Tadek Oblique view looking north of ‘Big ...... ??????????????????????????? well. Note large tomb bottom left and Gira!es’ engravings. ??????????????????????????????. stone circle lower right

NIGWAM0010001 A view of Dabous outcrop taken from the southwest.

NIGNAM0130022 Crude pecked engravings of cattle NIGNAM0140001 NIGWAM0010006 NIGWAM0010009 and antelope View of rock shelter from below, site is Oblique view looking north of ‘Big ...... ??????????????????????????? located at the back of the shelter Gira!es’ engravings. ??????????????????????????????.

NIGWAM0010002 This is a closer shot of the rock as seen in 0001.

NIGNAM0130023 NIGWAM0010007 NIGWAM0010010 Oblique, contextual view showing NIGNAM0140002 Engravings of gira!e and cattle near Oblique view looking north of ‘Big Oblique shots of gira!es engravings engravings of cattle including a long Gira!es’ engravings. from northeast. decorated mythical (?) cow on the Tadek well. right.

NIGWAM0010003 The east end of the rock.

NIGNAM0140003 NIGWAM0010008 NIGWAM0010011 Decorated engraving of a large bull Big gira!es’ engravings. Di!erent Oblique shots of gira!es engravings NIGNAM0130024 oblique angle of NIGWAM0010007. from northeast. Straight on view showing engravings facing left. of cattle including a long decorated mythical (?) cow on the right. NIGWAM0010004 Pile of sandstone boulders, outliers of sandstone outcrop. 108 109 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010022 Detail of left gira!e in NIGWAM0010019. Front legs of right gira!e can be seen.

NIGWAM0010012 NIGWAM0010014 NIGWAM0010016 NIGWAM0010018 ‘Big Gira!es’, see NIGWAM0010019. ‘Big Gira!es’, see NIGWAM0010019. ‘Big Gira!es’, Note how smaller gira!e ‘Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of NIGWAM0010020 Note how smaller gira!e has nose Note how smaller gira!e has nose has nose touching spine of large two large gira!es (largest 5,4 metres ‘Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of touching spine of large gira!e. Both touching spine of large gira!e. Both gira!e. Both gira!es have a wavy line from hoof to horn) deeply carved two large gira!es (largest 5,4 metres gira!es have a wavy line descending gira!es have a wavy line descending descending from their noses. into sloping red sandstone panel. from hoof to horn) deeply carved from their noses. from their noses. Engraved lines have been polished. into sloping red sandstone panel. NIGWAM0010023 Early Hunter Period, probably dating Engraved lines have been polished. Detail of left gira!e in between 6 000 and 7 000 years Early Hunter Period, probably dating NIGWAM0010019. Front legs of right ago. See also NIGWAM0010056, between 6 000 and 7 000 years gira!e can be seen. NIGWAM0010089, NIGWAM001119, ago. See also NIGWAM0010056, NIGWAM001120, NIGWAM001118, NIGWAM0010089, NIGWAM001119, NIGWAM0010054 NIGWAM001120, NIGWAM001118, NIGWAM0010054, etc

NIGWAM0010019 ‘Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of NIGWAM0010021 two large gira!es (largest 5,4 metres Fish eye view taken at night using from hoof to horn) deeply carved arti#cial lighting, of ‘Big Gira!es’ of into sloping red sandstone panel. Dabous. Engravings of two large NIGWAM0010017 Engraved lines have been polished. gira!es (largest 5.4 metres from hoof NIGWAM0010013 NIGWAM0010015 ‘Big Gira!es’, see NIGWAM0010019. Early Hunter Period, probably dating to horn) deeply carved into sloping ‘Big Gira!es’, see NIGWAM0010019. ‘Big Gira!es’, see NIGWAM0010019. Note how smaller gira!e has nose between 6 000 and 7 000 years sandstone panel. Engraved lines have Note how smaller gira!e has nose Note how smaller gira!e has nose touching spine of large gira!e. Both ago. See also NIGWAM0010056, been polished. touching spine of large gira!e. Both touching spine of large gira!e. Both gira!es have a wavy line descending NIGWAM0010089, NIGWAM001119, NIGWAM0010024 gira!es have a wavy line descending gira!es have a wavy line descending from their noses. NIGWAM001120, NIGWAM001118, Fish eye view taken at night using from their noses. from their noses. NIGWAM0010054, etc arti#cial lighting, of ‘Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of two large gira!es (largest 5.4 metres from hoof to horn) deeply carved into sloping sandstone panel. Engraved lines have been polished. 110 111 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010035 Recorder and Tuareg at the ‘Big Gira!es’ site.

NIGWAM0010025 NIGWAM0010027 NIGWAM0010029 NIGWAM0010031 NIGWAM0010033 ‘Dabous Big Gira!es’ at dusk...... ???????????????????? Detail of head and neck of big gira!e. Legs of left gira!e. Other Tuareg custodian at the Dabous ????????????????????????????????????? Libyco-Berber script. See also 0112, indeterminate engravings. gira!e site. Image shows the big, life ??????? etc. size gira!e carving facing left and a smaller gira!e carving to its right facing left. A long line/code descends from the muzzle of each animal which terminates, in each case, in a tiny human #gure. Gira!es are located at the top of a large sandstone outcrop in the middle of dabous riverbed and are carved in an inclined surface of around 35 degrees. Engravings/ NIGWAM0010036 Carvings are thought to have been Recorder and Tuareg at the ‘Big made about 6000 years ago. Gira!es’ site.

NIGWAM0010026 NIGWAM0010034 ‘Dabous Big Gira!es’ at dusk. NIGWAM0010032 Upper part of ‘Big Dabous Gira!es’. NIGWAM0010028 NIGWAM0010030 Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Tuareg Tuareg viewing. Dabous Big Gira!es’ at dusk. The “Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. View viewing. from the back of right gira!e.

NIGWAM0010037 Recorder and Tuareg at the ‘Big Gira!es’ site. 112 113 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010041 Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of two large gira!es (largest 5,4 metres NIGWAM0010039 from hoof to horn) deeply carved NIGWAM0010043 NIGWAM0010049 ///////????????????????????????????????? NIGWAM0010045 NIGWAM0010047 into sloping red sandstone panel. Tuareg at the ‘Big Gira!es’ site. NFBM - Oblique view of dabous ?????????????????????????????????????? Head and neck of smaller gira!e. Approximate duplicate of 0046 with Engraved lines have been polished. gira!e carvings with people for scale. ?????????????????? Nose touches spine of large gira!e Tuareg seated by head of smaller Early Hunter Period, probably dating and wavy line issues from nose. gira!e. between 6 000 and 7 000 years Note later engraving of cow with ago. See also NIGWAM0010056, deliberately deformed horn between NIGWAM0010089, NIGWAM0010119, neck and wavy line. NIGWAM0010120, NIGWAM0010118, NIGWAM0010054, etc

NIGWAM0010050 NFBM – Jean Clottes photographing the dabous gira!es

NIGWAM0010044 Tuareg at the ‘Big Gira!es’ site. NIGWAM0010040 Recorder at the ‘Big Gira!es’ site. NIGWAM0010048 Jean Clottes looking at the Dabous NIGWAM0010042 NIGWAM0010046 gira!es ‘Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of Detail of larger gira!e. Note four two large gira!es (largest 5,4 metres lines between upper legs re"ect from hoof to horn) deeply carved engraving of tail at right. See also into sloping red sandstone panel. NIGWAM0010047. Engraved lines have been polished. Early Hunter Period, probably dating between 6 000 and 7 000 years ago. See also NIGWAM0010056, NIGWAM0010089, NIGWAM0010119, NIGWAM0010050 NIGWAM0010120, NIGWAM0010118, NFBM – Jean Clottes photographing NIGWAM0010054, etc the dabous gira!es 114 115 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010059 Engraving of a circle with parallel zigzags, 10cm scale bar. Possible fake?

NIGWAM0010051 NIGWAM0010053 NIGWAM0010090 NIGWAM0010093 NIGWAM0010095 DC with the Big gira!e Tuareg standing over head and Image taken from Helium balloon Oblique shot looking up the sloping Oblique view from below featuring neck of gira!e facing left. Wavy line of the big gira!e engravings, body surface of the outcrop featuring the biggest gira!e engraving which from gira!e’s nose. Fossil Lake in slightly distorted due to handle of the necks and heads of the big measures about 5.8 metres from rear background. shot. gira!es with the lines/ codes of the hoof to muzzle. big gira!es descending from their respective muzzles/ noses.

NIGWAM0010084 Recorder works at head of very large NIGWAM0010091 eroded engraving of decorated Head and neck of biggest gira!e/ gira!e. Ti#nagh script. See also 0002 contextual for similar view of gira!e and 0003-5 for Ti#nagh script.

NIGWAM0010052 Head and neck of big gira!e engraving with site custodian. NIGWAM0010054 NIGWAM0010096 Recorder preparing detailed plan of Oblique view from below featuring ‘Big Gira!es’ engravings. NIGWAM0010094 the biggest gira!e engraving which Oblique view featuring the body and measures about 5.8 metres from rear NIGWAM0010092 neck of the biggest gira!e. hoof to muzzle. Detail of smaller gira!e. Nose touches NIGWAM0010087 spine of large gira!e and wavy line Eroded Ti#nagh script in with suspended #gure terminates NIGWAM0010001. See also 0006 for next to small engraved cow. Cow direct view of Ti#nagh script. Scale is later addition. Note how gira!e’s bar. lower legs lack internal patterning.

116 117 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010097 NIGWAM0010099 NIGWAM0010101 NIGWAM0010103 NIGWAM0010105 NIGWAM0010107 Contextual, oblique view of head, Oblique view of neck and shoulders Baloon shot of the big gira!es. Baloon shot of the big gira!es. Head and neck of big gira!e, Head and neck of big gira!e neck and shoulders of biggest gira!e. of biggest gira!e emphasizing the contextual view. decorative pattern on the animal. Note small damaged section at base of neck (Centre right) probably caused by somebody walking in boots over the engraving.

NIGWAM0010102 NIGWAM0010104 NIGWAM0010108 NIGWAM0010098 Baloon shot of the big gira!es. Contextual view of head and neck of NIGWAM0010106 NFBM - Head and neck of big gira!e Oblique view of neck and shoulders big gira!e. Note other Pastoral period NFBM Head and neck of big gira!e of biggest gira!e emphasizing the engravings to left of gira!es neck decorative pattern on the animal. Note small damaged section at base of neck (Centre right) probably NIGWAM0010100 caused by somebody walking in Vertical view of the big gira!e on top boots over the engraving of the dabous outcrop emphasizing the intricate decoration on the animal.

118 119 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010115 Detail featuring head of big gira!e. Note recent ti#nagh engravings to left of gira!es neck and above its head.

NIGWAM0010109 NIGWAM0010118 Detail featuring head of big gira!e. NIGWAM0010120 NIGWAM0010120 NIGWAM0010124 Note recent ti#nagh engravings to The more recent engravings on the left of the big gira!e and on either Close up of the neck and head of one Engravings of a cow and ti#nagh ‘Big Gira!es’ of Dabous. Engravings of left of gira!es neck and above its of the big gira!e. script. two large gira!es (largest 5.4 metres head. side of the muzzle line which winds through this picture. The main recent from hoof to horn) deeply carved into engraving is of a warrior #gure facing sloping sandstone panel. Engraved forward, left and images of cattle on lines have been polished. the right. These images could be from the Libyan Warrior period.

NIGWAM0010116 Oblique view looking up the front hoof of the gira!e focusing on the long sinuous line that descends from the gira!e’s muzzle/nose and NIGWAM0010119 terminates in a tiny human #gure Di!erent angle of multiple engravings seen here bottom left. Other more on top of the outcrop including the recent engravings including a warrior head and neck of one of the big #gure facing forward from the Libyan gira!e, bottom right and centre. warrior period as well as cattle engravings are visible on the left of NIGWAM0010114 the animal NIGWAM0010121 Detail featuring head of big gira!e. NIGWAM0010123 Close up of neck and head of one of Note recent ti#nagh engravings to Engravings of a cow and ti#nagh the big gira!es from 0013. left of gira!es neck and above its script. NIGWAM0010125 head...... ????????????????????????? ??????????????????

120 121 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010126 NIGWAM0010128 NIGWAM0010130 NIGWAM0010132 NIGWAM0010134 NIGWAM0010137 ...... ‘Dabous Big Gira!es’ at dusk...... Details of polished hind legs of larger ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? left gira!e. Scale bar...... ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010129 ...... NIGWAM0010135 ...... ????????????????????????? Details of polished hind legs of larger ?????????????????? left gira!e. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0010127 ...... NIGWAM0010131 NIGWAM0010133 ...... ????????????????????????? ...... Details of polished hind legs of larger NIGWAM0010138 ?????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? left gira!e...... ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010136 ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ?????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ??????????????????

122 123 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010141 NIGWAM0010147 ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010139 NIGWAM0010143 NIGWAM0010150 NIGWAM0010152 ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010148 Tuareg standing over head and neck of gira!e facing left. Wavy line from gira!e’s nose. Fossil Lake in background.

NIGWAM0010142 NIGWAM0010145 NIGWAM0010151 NIGWAM0010153 ...... Oblique view from left of panel in ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? NIGWAM0010157...... ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010149 ...... ????????????????????????? ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010140 ...... ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010146 NIGWAM0010154 ...... Measuring engravings in ...... ????????????????????????? NIGWAM0010157. ??????????????????

124 125 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010155 NIGWAM0010158 ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010161 NIGWAM0010163 NIGWAM0010165 NIGWAM0010167 ...... Looking west down spine of main Recording geometric animal in ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? site at Dabous. Note geometric NIGWAM0010162. NIGWAM0010156 NIGWAM0010159 ?????????????????? ?????????????????? engraving of animal in foreground Right section of engravings in Detail from left section of panel in NIGWAM0010162-174 NIGWAM0010157. NIGWAM0010157 and 156;. Gira!e facing left with wavy line from nose standing above small animal (cow?) with udder.

NIGWAM0010157 Right section of long engraved panel on upper vertical face above deep cleft in rocks. From left, gira!e facing left with neck above domestic cow with udder, stomach above indeterminate animals, and tail between horns of domestic cow with udder lying down. Small bovine with huge horns facing left; and large cow with udder facing left and small man with hands lifted to udder, and calf following after, see also 0155, 68, 156 NIGWAM0010162 NIGWAM0010164 NIGWAM0010168 & 150. Pastoral Period. Pecked geometric drawing of animal ...... NIGWAM0010166 Two Tuaregs attempt to interpret with double heads facing left and ...... ????????????????????????? Viewing looking south in raking complex geometric while recorder right, and feet facing left and right. ?????????????????? light showing complex geometric takes down details. Drawing uses one continuous line. (bottom-centre). NIGWAM0010160 Probably late Horse Period. Detail of man milking cow in NIGWAM0010157 and NIGWAM0010156.

126 127 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010177 NIGWAM0010180 Panel of pecked engravings. From Recording Pastoral Period engravings NIGWAM0010169 left, complex geometric, eroded of cattle and rhinoceros (see 0181 for View of complex geometric from engravings of two antelope facing rhinoceros). above. Scale bar. left; antelope directly superimposing gira!e facing left; cow with block- pecked head, udder and hanging object below jaw; crude rhinoceros facing left. Pastoral period. Scale bar. NIGWAM0010174 Geometric animal with scale bar (NIGWAM00100162-170) below three small outline engravings of antelope NIGWAM0010172 NIGWAM0010183 facing left. Pecked geometric drawing of animal Large sloping panel to east and below with double heads facing left and ‘Big Gira!e’ panel . Panel features right, and feet facing left and right. large reticulated gira!e facing left on right side, small reticulated gira!e Drawing uses one continuous line. NIGWAM0010181 (top-centre) with line/code hanging Probably late Horse Period. Scale bar Crudely pecked engraving of rhino from muzzle; large aurochs facing left facing left. See also NIGWAM0010179 NIGWAM0010170 with strange markings around head, with scale bar. Pastoral Period. Close up of geometric animal partly superimposed by another in NIGWAM0010162-172 & less-decorated gira!e facing left. In NIGWAM0010178 NIGWAM0010174. addition are a number of smaller Panel of pecked engravings. From gira!e, antelope, gazelle, and cows. left, Eroded engravings of two antelope facing left; antelope directly superimposing gira!e facing left; NIGWAM0010175 cow with block-pecked head, udder Pecked and polished geometric and hanging object below jaw; crude engraving. rhinoceros facing left. Pastoral period. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0010182 Head and neck of bigest gira!e. Line depending from mouth of gira!e. Smaller, later engravings on both sides.

NIGWAM0010179 Panel of pecked engravings. From left, Eroded engravings of two NIGWAM0010173 antelope facing left; antelope directly Pecked geometric drawing of animal superimposing gira!e facing left; NIGWAM0010184 NIGWAM0010171 with double heads facing left and cow with block-pecked head, udder Detail from NIGWAM0010183 Pecked geometric drawing of animal right, and feet facing left and right. and hanging object below jaw; crude featuring various pecked engravings with double heads facing left and Drawing uses one continuous line. rhinoceros facing left. Pastoral period. of gira!e and kudu facing left on rock right, and feet facing left and right. Probably late Horse Period. NIGWAM0010176 Scale bar. below seated Tuareg. Drawing uses one continuous line. Pecked and polished complex Probably late Horse Period. geometric. Scale bar. 128 129 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010185 NIGWAM0010188 NIGWAM0010196 NIGWAM0010199 Looking south from main site at Pecked engravings on southeast ...... ?????????????????? Pecked and lines smoothed Dabous over fossil lakebed. Pecked summit of main site. Large outline ??????? ?????????????????? engraving of bovid, probably an engravings of gira!e and kudu facing gira!e with wavy line from nose aurochs facing left with decorated left on rock below seated Tuareg. See facing left, two smaller gira!e facing face and horns spiralling downwards. also for gira!es NIGWAM0010186, left, both with wavy lines from Bovid is superimposed by large NIGWAM0010187-0188, noses, male kudu and two cows. outline gira!e facing left. NIGWAM0010191 & 0192. See also NIGWAM0010186 and NIGWAM0010198 for small gira!e. NIGWAM0010193 Close-up of reticulated gira!e. NIGWAM0010191 Custodian standing above engravings of gira!e, kudu and cattle. For details, see NIGWAM0010186, NIGWAM0010185, NIGWAM0010187-188. NIGWAM0010197 ...... ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010200 NIGWAM0010186 Pecked and lines smoothed South-east summit of main site at NIGWAM0010189 engraving of bovine facing left with Dabous with engravings of mythical view of two reticulated gira!e from decorated face and horns spiralling bovine in foreground superimposed NIGWAM0010183 with fossil lakebed NIGWAM0010194 downwards. Bovine is superimposed by large outline gira!e facing left, behind...... ?????????????????? by large outline gira!e facing left. See large decorated gira!e at right ??????? ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010186, NIGWAM0010185, with kudu above head and small etc. engravings of cattle and antelope in background. Pastoral Period. See also NIGWAM0010185, NIGWAM0010188, NIGWAM001249, & NIGWAM0010200.

NIGWAM0010190 Sunset view of reticulated gira!es from NIGWAM0010183. NIGWAM0010201 NIGWAM0010192 Pecked and lines smoothed Gira!es facing left with wavy engraving of bovid facing left with lines, kudu and cattle; see decorated face and horns spiralling NIGWAM0010187 NIGWAM00110186, NIGWAM0010185 NIGWAM0010198 downwards. Bovine is superimposed Pecked engravings of large gira!e & NIGWAM0010187-0188 Deeply carved engraving with by large outline gira!e facing left. facing left with wavy line from nose, smoothed lines of decorated gira!e Scale bar. small gira!e with wavy line from facing left. Two wavy lines emerge noise, male kudu above large gira!e from nose. and two cows with deliberately deformed horns below gira!e’s NIGWAM0010195 neck. See also NIGWAM0010185 & ...... ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010188. Pastoral Period. ??????? ?????????????????? 130 131 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010202 NIGWAM0010206 NIGWAM0010211 NIGWAM0010214 NIGWAM0010217 ...... ????? Looking east from main site at Strong side-lighting illuminates East end of Big Cow Rock. Note Engravings of large cow facing ???????????????????? Dabous. Recorder sketching Libyco-Berber script next remains of dry riverbed on left that right and horns of second cow. See ?????????????????? engravings. Fossil lake reaches to larger gira!e’s neck, see "ows after "ash "oods. River once NIGWAM0010215). through sandstone outcrops for NIGWAM0010113, NIGWAM0010056, #lled fossil lake to east and south of about 1.5 km. NIGWAM001119-120, main site. NIGWAM0010090 & 112.

NIGWAM0010209 ...... ????????????????????????? ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010203 NIGWAM0010218 ...... ????? Central engraved area on Big Cow NIGWAM0010207 ???????????????????? NIGWAM0010215 Rock. Schematic gira!e facing right, Looking east from main site at ?????????????????? NIGWAM0010212 Looking across shoulder of Big cow facing left, antelope and cattle. Dabous. Fossil lake reaches through Detail of large gira!e’s polished face, Cow Rock. Three “Big Cows” are sandstone outcrops for about 1,5 km. and head with wavy line, suspended visible: horns at middle bottom #gure and Libyco-Berber script (no and cow facing right at bottom longer translatable). Lybico-Berber left; and cow facing left at upper script may date between 2 000 and middle (see NIGWAM0010221 and 800 years ago. NIGWAM0010217).

NIGWAM0010204 NIGWAM0010219 Engraved head of bovid facing Central engraved area on Big Cow left with decorated face and horns Rock. Schematic gira!e facing right, spiralling downwards. Scale bar. cow facing left, antelope and cattle. Scale bar. NIGWAM0010213 NIGWAM0010210 NIGWAM0010216 Larger gira!e with wavy line from Larger gira!e with wavy line from ...... nose. Left of wavy line is Libyan- nose. Left of wavy line is Libyan- ...... ????????????????????????? Warrior #gure facing forwards Warrior #gure facing forwards ?????????????????? (probably dating to less than 2 500 (probably dating to less than 2 500 years ago) and on right of wavy line years ago) and on right of wavy line are outline gira!e facing left, Libyco- are outline gira!e facing left, Libyco- Berber script, and outline cattle facing NIGWAM0010208 Berber script, and outline cattle facing upwards. See also NIGWAM0010112. Engraving of bovine’s head (see upwards. See also 0112. NIGWAM0010186, NIGWAM0010185 NIGWAM0010205 & NIGWAM0010200) with small Engraved head of bovid facing engravings of two antelope facing left left with decorated face and horns and outline head of large gira!e. spiralling downwards. 132 133 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010220 NIGWAM0010223 NIGWAM0010226 NIGWAM0010229 NIGWAM0010232 Sloping engraved surface of Big Cow ...... Sloping shoulder of Big Cow Rock. Detail from NIGWAM0010220 & Outline engraving with pecked lines Rock. Many engravings superimpose ...... ????????????????????????? See NIGWAM0010220. Engravings, NIGWAM0010229. Pecked engraving slightly smoothed of antelope facing each other forming a web of ?????????????????? some superimposed, of cattle, with polished lines of animal (zebra?) right. Scale bar. interlocking lines. Central engraving is antelope, zebra, gira!e and schematic facing right. Scale bar. large cow with upswept horns facing animals. left (see NIGWAM0010228). Other engravings include antelope, zebra(?), cattle with deformed horns, gira!e(?), and one human #gure. See also NIGWAM0010221, NIGWAM0010279 and NIGWAM0010226, NIGWAM0010230. NIGWAM0010235 Looking up face of Big Cow Rock, see NIGWAM0010220 NIGWAM0010224 Sloping engraved surface of Big Cow Rock. Many engravings superimpose NIGWAM0010230 NIGWAM0010227 each other forming a web of Shoulder of Big Cow Rock, east of Upper surface of Big Cow Rock, see interlocking lines. Central engraving is NIGWAM0010218. Engravings include NIGWAM0010249. large cow with upswept horns facing antelope, cattle, schematic images left (see NIGWAM0010228). Other of gira!e facing right and, at top engravings include antelope, zebra(?), right, zebra in NIGWAM0010221, cattle with deformed horns, gira!e(?), NIGWAM0010229. and one human #gure. See also NIGWAM0010221 NIGWAM0010221, NIGWAM0010226, Engraved surface of Big Cow NIGWAM0010230. Rock, see NIGWAM0010220. Scale bar. The ‘Big Cow’ with lowered head and sweeping horns, facing left, is at bottom right. One horn touches zebra (NIGWAM0010229). See also NIGWAM0010249 and NIGWAM0010233 NIGWAM0010215. Pecked schematic engraving of antelope with long horns and elongated legs. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0010225 Sloping engraved surface of Big Cow NIGWAM0010236 Rock. Many engravings superimpose Oblique view of gira!e in each other forming a web of NIGWAM0010241. Scale bar. interlocking lines. Central engraving is large cow with upswept horns facing left (see NIGWAM0010228). Other NIGWAM0010222 engravings include antelope, zebra(?), NIGWAM0010228 Landscape view of NIGWAM0010228. cattle with deformed horns, gira!e(?), Detail of big cow facing left with one Scale bar. and one human #gure. See also NIGWAM0010231 NIGWAM0010234 horn touching zebra facing right (see NIGWAM0010221, NIGWAM0010279 ...... Looking up face of Big Cow Rock, see NIGWAM0010220). and NIGWAM0010226, ...... ????????????????????????? NIGWAM0010220. NIGWAM0010230. Scale bar ?????????????????? 134 135 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010237 NIGWAM0010240 NIGWAM0010242 NIGWAM0010245 NIGWAM0010248 NIGWAM0010251 Oblique view of gira!e in Close-up of decorated gira!e with ...... Recorder working on summit of Big Looking across the top of Big Cow Pecked outline engraving of antelope NIGWAM0010241. smoothened lines...... ????????????????????????? Cow Rock. Rock. Engraving of cow facing facing right. See NIGWAM0010250 for ?????????????????? right below shadow and numerous scale bar. engravings across upper surface of rock.

NIGWAM0010238 NIGWAM0010241 Wall of Big Cow Rock. Panel of pecked Engraving with roughly smoothed NIGWAM0010243 engravings. Decorated gira!e with lines of gira!e facing left. Engraving with roughly smoothed smoothed lines facing left; possible Pecked emission from mouth lines of gira!e facing left. NIGWAM0010249 recent line from nose. Below gira!e’s appears to be later addition. Pecked emission from mouth Looking south over top of ‘Big Cow neck, block-pecked and seriously See also NIGWAM0010241 & appears to be later addition. Rock’ at east end of main site. The eroded antelope with curved horn NIGWAM0010238. Pastoral Period. See also NIGWAM0010241 & rock has over 40 medium to fairly facing left. Below antelope, outline NIGWAM0010238. Pastoral Period. large engravings pecked and ground engraving of animal facing left. Top into its upper surface. All engravings right, outline engraving of bull facing belong to Pastoral Period. See left. Bottom right, pecked engraving NIGWAM0010227, of antelope with elongated legs NIGWAM0010252 facing left. Pastoral Period. Pecked engraving with smoothed NIGWAM0010246 outline of antelope with long Cleft in north end of outcrop forward-hooked horns facing right containing #ne engraving of and superimposed over eroded antelope. animal images. Pastoral Period. See NIGWAM0010253 for scale bar.

NIGWAM0010250 Pecked outline engraving of antelope NIGWAM0010239 facing right. Close-up of decorated gira!e with NIGWAM0010241 smoothened lines. NIGWAM0010244 Engraving with roughly smoothed Engraving with roughly smoothed lines of gira!e facing left. lines of gira!e facing left. NIGWAM0010247 Pecked emission from mouth Pecked emission from mouth Pecked outline of antelope. Scale bar. appears to be later addition. appears to be later addition. See also NIGWAM0010241 & See also NIGWAM0010241 & NIGWAM0010238. Pastoral Period. NIGWAM0010238. Pastoral Period. 136 137 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010256 NIGWAM0010263 Pecked and smoothed outline ...... engraving of schematic animal facing ...... ????????????????????????? right. Scale bar. ??????????????????

NIGWAM0010253 Detail of schematic gira!e from ‘Big NIGWAM0010259 NIGWAM0010261 NIGWAM0010266 Cow Rock’ Pecked and smoothed outline ...... Pecked engravings with lines slightly engraving of antelope facing left...... ????????????????????????? polished: top left, antelope with ?????????????????? curved horns facing right; top right, NIGWAM0010257 upside-down cow with deliberately Duplicate of NIGWAM0010256 NIGWAM0010264 deformed horns. Middle, schematic (Pecked and smoothed outline Pecked and decorated schematic gira!e facing right. Bottom, gira!e engraving of schematic animal facing engraving of gira!e with antelope’s facing right and small cow. Bottom right. Scale bar.) horn. right, head of antelope facing left. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0010254 Detail of schematic gira!e from ‘Big Cow Rock’

NIGWAM0010265 ...... NIGWAM0010267 ...... ????????????????????????? Top, pecked engraving of antelope ?????????????????? facing right with rear end superimposed over domestic cow. NIGWAM0010260 Right, gira!e facing upwards. Extreme ...... NIGWAM0010262 right, #gure, possibly human, facing ...... ????????????????????????? ...... left. Middle, gira!e facing upwards. NIGWAM0010255 ?????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? Left, outline antelope facing upwards. Detail of schematic gira!e from ‘Big ?????????????????? Pastoral Period. Scale bar. Cow Rock’. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0010258 Schematic engraving with pecked outline of domestic bull with large up-curved horns facing left, Pastoral Period. Scale bar.

138 139 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010272 NIGWAM0010276 NIGWAM0010282 NIGWAM0010268 NIGWAM0010280 ...... Pecked engraving of gira!e with wavy Pecked outline engravings forming ...... Pecked outline engravings forming ...... ????????????????????????? line from nose. Beyond, four small one image of two antelope facing ...... ????????????????????????? one image of two antelope facing ?????????????????? antelope, one above the next, facing each other. Two further heads ?????????????????? each other. Two further heads right, and two eroded engravings above face outwards allowing for above face outwards allowing for of indeterminate animals. Front leg two di!erent schematic images two di!erent schematic images of gira!e superimposes schematic to be seen. Either late Pastoral or to be seen. Either late Pastoral or engraving of ostrich with wings lifted Horse Period. Scale bar. See also Horse Period. Scale bar. See also and neck stretched left. Pastoral NIGWAM0010280 & 281. Period. NIGWAM0010280 & 281.

NIGWAM0010278 Pecked schematic engraving of NIGWAM0010269 NIGWAM0010273 decorated male gira!e with wavy line ...... from nose. Mythical gira!e facing ...... ????????????????????????? ...... ????????????????????????? right rears head between gira!e’s legs ?????????????????? ?????????????????? to touch gira!e’s penis. Probably late Pastoral Period.

NIGWAM0010274 NIGWAM0010270 NIGWAM0010283 Schematic pecked engraving of ...... NIGWAM0010281 ...... ????????????????????????? NIGWAM0010277 Pecked outline engravings forming Pecked outline engravings forming gira!e with ‘peck-dotted’ body facing Pecked engraving of gira!e with wavy one image of two antelope facing right, and antelope with curved-back ?????????????????? one image of two antelope facing line from nose. Beyond, four small each other. Two further heads each other. Two further heads horns facing right. Scale bar. See also antelope, one above the next, facing above face outwards allowing for NIGWAM0010263. above face outwards allowing for right, and two eroded engravings two di!erent schematic images two di!erent schematic images of indeterminate animals. Front leg to be seen. Either late Pastoral or to be seen. Either late Pastoral or of gira!e superimposes schematic Horse Period. Scale bar. See also Horse Period. Scale bar. See also engraving of ostrich with wings lifted NIGWAM0010280 & 281. NIGWAM0010280 & 281. and neck stretched left. Pastoral Period.

NIGWAM0010279 Four pecked engravings of bovines, probably cattle, facing right. NIGWAM0010275 ...... NIGWAM0010271 ...... ????????????????????????? Engravings of two schematic gira!e ?????????????????? with peck decoration on bodies. See NIGWAM0010230. 140 141 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010287 NIGWAM0010291 NIGWAM0010284 Large ostrich-like bird with wings Outline engraving of two bulls NIGWAM0010294 NIGWAM0010297 Engravings in shallow depression spread facing left. facing left near the centre of Dabous Pecked engravings on sandstone Cattle and human #gure followed by that can hold rainwater. Domestic outcrop, see 0290 for close up of left pavement. Top, large animal’s head two dogs facing right. cow with enlarged head facing left hand bull. with minute body faces left. Below, followed by mythical animal (reptile?). outline antelope with elongated legs Probably Pastoral Period. Scale bar facing left with two "owing lines of dots extending from horns. Scale bar. Pastoral Period.

NIGWAM0010300 Pecked outline engraving of antelope with long hooked-back horns facing left. Pastoral Period. See NIGWAM0010288 NIGWAM0010301 for scale bar. Pecked engraving with lines slightly NIGWAM0010298 smoothed of cow facing left on west Lightly pecked engravings of man side of outcrop. Pastoral Period. Scale NIGWAM0010292 holding stick(?) and facing right NIGWAM0010285 bar. - Outline engraving of a bull facing followed by two dogs. Probably late Engravings in shallow depression left seen in raking light. Bull is located Pastoral Period. Scale bar. that can hold rainwater. Domestic in the centre of Dabous outcrop,10cm NIGWAM0010295 cow with enlarged head facing left scale bar. followed by mythical animal (reptile?). Schematic elephant facing right, See NIGWAM0010284 for scale bar. possible cow right of elephant, facing Probably Pastoral Period. right.

NIGWAM0010289 Pecked engraving with lines slightly smoothed of cow facing left. Pastoral Period. Scale bar. NIGWAM0010293 Pecked engraving with lines slightly NIGWAM0010286 smoothed of cow facing left. Pastoral NIGWAM0010296 Pecked engraving of cow Period...... with hooked horns facing left, ...... ????????????????????????? superimposing engraving with ?????????????????? pecked and smoothed outlines of NIGWAM0010301 cow with curly horns facing left. Scale Pecked outline engraving of antelope bar. with long hooked-back horns facing left. Pastoral Period. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0010299 Detail of man and dog.Lightly pecked NIGWAM0010290 engravings of man holding stick(?) Outline engraving of a bull facing left and facing right followed by two seen in raking light. Bull is located in dogs. Probably late Pastoral Period. the centre of Dabous outcrop. Scale bar.

142 143 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010309 NIGWAM0010302 NIGWAM0010306 Outline antelope facing right, and lion NIGWAM0010315 NIGWAM0010318 Eroded engraving with smoothed Pecked outline engraving of animal facing left with other engravings at Recorders documenting a panel of Crude pecked engraving of lines of front of decorated antelope with mane-hair facing left (aardvark?). foot of northern end of outcrop. engravings immediately below the outline gira!e facing left with running left. Pastoral Period. Scale bar Scale bar. summit of the Dabous outcrop. Note, man pressed against gira!e’s gira!es, ostriches and cattle. rear end (copulation?). See also NIGWAM0010319 for scale bar. Probably Horse Period.

NIGWAM0010312 Contextual view of recorder sketching engraved images at the base of Dabous outcrop. Note engravings in the foreground. See 0144 for details of engravings. NIGWAM0010310 NIGWAM0010303 Engravings at the base of Dabous Eroded engraving with smoothed outcrop featuring an antelope on the lines of front of decorated antelope left (facing right) and a lion on the running left. Pastoral Period. right (facing left) on the right of the NIGWAM0010319 picture is a gira!e facing right Crude pecked engraving of outline gira!e facing left with man pressed against gira!e’s rear end (copulation?). See also NIGWAM0010319 for scale bar. Probably Horse Period.

NIGWAM0010307 NIGWAM0010313 Pecked outline engraving of animal NIGWAM0010316 Outline engraving of a cow facing left with mane-hair facing left (aardvark?). Close up of some of the engravings in just below the summit of the outcrop 0315 featuring a rhino , two ostriches, where the site of the big gira!es are a gazelle and a cow, 5cm scale bar. located. Note cow’s udders. NIGWAM0010304 Detail from NIGWAM0010302-303 NIGWAM0010311 showing head and horns of decorated Smooth-line engraving of antelope gira!e. Scale bar. with curved horns facing right. Pastoral Period.

NIGWAM0010308 Close up showing unidenti#ed animal facing left, possibly a rhino, about 10 NIGWAM0010317 inches long . NIGWAM0010314 Detail showing crude pecked Detail of outline engraving of a cow engraving of a gira!e facing left with NIGWAM0010305 facing left just below the summit a human #gure behind it. 10 cm scale NIGWAM0010320 Detail from NIGWAM0010302-303 of the outcrop where the site of the bar Detail showing engraving of Warrior showing head and horns of decorated big gira!es are located. Note cow’s #gure with headdress facing forward, gira!e. Scale bar. udders. Scale bar. 5cm scale bar. 144 145 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010325 NIGWAM0010333 Engraving of small antelope’s head Detail showing a small lion engraving facing left framed by pecked dotted facing left with a long tail going lines. upwards. See 0310 for context. And 0334 for scale bar.

NIGWAM0010321 NIGWAM0010323 NIGWAM0010328 NIGWAM0010330 NFBM - Recorder at work on the huge Two pecked dotted lines frame Pecked engraving of schematic boulder described in 0212. pecked engraving of cow facing left Looking east with main Dabous site in background. The site, with 830 gira!e with outline smoothed. See with large deliberately deformed NIGWAM0010331 for scale bar. horns. Scale bar. engravings, comprises a sandstone outcrop about seven metres high and NIGWAM0010326 covering more than 1 000 sq m. Two Sandstone pavement west of earliest lie-sized engravings of gira!e NIGWAM0010334 main site. Several slightly eroded may date from about 7 000 years ago Detail showing a small lion engraving pecked engravings with lines or a little less. Nearby outcrops have facing left with a long tail going smoothed. In foreground, two over 100 additional engraved images. upwards. See 0310 for context. 10cm schematic engravings of gira!e. In Pecked engravings of gira!e and scale bar. background, less deeply incised several ground depressions are visible engravings of antelope and cattle. in the sandstone pavement. Pastoral Ground depressions in the rock. Period. See also NIGWAM0010329 & NIGWAM0010328. Pastoral Period.

NIGWAM0010335 Pecked engraving with lines slightly smoothened of lion with tail erect NIGWAM0010322 NIGWAM0010329 facing left. Second (mythical) NFBM – Photographing a stylized Sandstone pavement just west of NIGWAM0010331 animal with long head facing right antelope engraving which thieves NIGWAM0010324 NIGWAM0010327 main site. Schematic engravings of Pecked engraving of schematic gira!e superimposes or is superimposed by have tried to steal by drilling on both Engraving of small antelope’s head Various engravings on the "at rocks gira!e and ground shallow hollows. with outline smoothed. Scale bar. lion. See NIGWAM0010211. Pastoral sides of the image facing left framed by pecked dotted close to the Dabous outcrop featuring Period. lines. gira!e and cattle. Note various grinding hollows on the di!erent surfaces, which might have been used for ritual food preparations.

146 147 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010342 NIGWAM0010346 NIGWAM0010351 Close up showing outline engraving Detail focusing on the rhino in 0344, Straight on view showing antelope of a bull facing left. 10cm scale bar scale bar. engraving facing right located at the base of Dabous outcrop. 10 cm scale bar. NIGWAM0010353 Detail from 0348 focusing on antelope engraving facing right.

NIGWAM0010338 NIGWAM0010340 View from main site with engravings Landscape around Dabous, west of of cattle on foreground rock. Air Mountains. Generally, the country is "at, eroded sandstone covered NIGWAM0010343 NIGWAM0010347 in places by blown sand, low dunes NFBM - Close up showing small NFBM - Close up of 0346 and sparse vegetation. Here and engraving of a rhino facing left, to its there, sandstone outcrops into low right is a human #gure and a gazelle ridges, piles of boulders and rocky eminences. Some outcrops bear NIGWAM0010354 one, several or many engravings At site across river from main site. pecked into exposed surfaces. Note Engraving using polished lines of in foreground, carefully pecked decorated gira!e facing left with engraving of domestic bull with wavy line from nose. Engraving up-curved horns superimposes positioned so that rock’s shape another domestic bovine with emphasises gira!e’s backbone. Note deliberately deformed horns. See also outline engraving of elephant facing NIGWAM0010339. Pastoral Period. left below gira!e’s neck. Pastoral NIGWAM0010352 Period. Scale bar. NIGWAM0010349 Outline engraving with polished lines NFBM - Oblique contextual showing of antelope with curved horns facing NIGWAM0010344 right. Note possible #gure of man Close up showing small engraving antelope engraving facing right located at the base of Dabous holding spear below antelope’s head. of a rhino facing left, to its right is a Pastoral Period. human #gure and a gazelle, 10CM outcrop. SCALE BAR

NIGWAM0010339 View from main site with engravings of cattle on foreground rock. NIGWAM0010341 Pecked engraving with lines NIGWAM0010355 slightly smoothes of bull facing left At site across river from main site. superimposed over pecked engraving Engraving using polished lines of of upside-down bull with deliberately decorated gira!e facing left with deformed horns. Top left, small wavy line from nose. Engraving pecked engraving of bovine with NIGWAM0010350 positioned so that rock’s shape huge horns. Pastoral Period. Scale bar. NIGWAM0010345 Deeply engraved, with outline pecked emphasises gira!e’s backbone. Note Slightly eroded, pecked outline and smoothed, engraving of oryx outline engraving of elephant facing engraving of rhinoceros facing left. facing right. left below gira!e’s neck. Pastoral Pastoral Period. Scale bar. Period. Scale bar. 148 149 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0010356 NIGWAM0010359 NIGWAM0010365 At site across river from main site. NIGWAM0010371 Row of deeply pecked outline Engraving of large gira!e facing Engraving using polished lines of Panel of lightly pecked small engravings of ostrich facing right. right located at the base of Dabous decorated gira!e facing left with engravings, mainly in outline. Scale bar. outcrop. wavy line from nose. Engraving Top right, ostrich facing left. From positioned so that rock’s shape upper left, ostrich, predator facing emphasises gira!e’s backbone. Note downwards, bird(?) with animal’s outline engraving of elephant facing head facing left, predator facing right, left below gira!e’s neck. Pastoral cow/goat(?) with lines under throat Period. See NIGWAM0010238 for scale facing right, lion(?) facing downwards bar. above indeterminate animal facing upwards. Bottom left, gira!e with NIGWAM0010363 NIGWAM0010369 antelope’s horns facing left. Pastoral Slightly crude deeply pecked outline Schematic engraving possibly Period. Scale bar. engraving of ostrich facing left. Scale depicting a hare, 10cm scale bar. bar.

NIGWAM0010360 Large rock covered in ostrich engravings all facing right. 5cm scale bar.

NIGWAM0010357 At site across river from main site. Engraving using polished lines of decorated gira!e facing left with NIGWAM0010366 NIGWAM0010372 wavy line from nose. Engraving NFBM – Sama as 0365. NIGWAM0010370 Small pecked engraving of rhinoceros positioned so that rock’s shape Panel of lightly pecked small facing left. Scale bar. Probably emphasises gira!e’s backbone. Note engravings, mainly in outline. Pastoral Period. outline engraving of elephant facing Top right, ostrich facing left. From left below gira!e’s neck. Pastoral upper left, ostrich, predator facing Period. See NIGWAM0010238 for scale downwards, bird(?) with animal’s bar. head facing left, predator facing right, NIGWAM0010361 cow/goat(?) with lines under throat NFBM - Unidenti#ed engravings on facing right, lion(?) facing downwards part of the Dabous outcrop. See 0362 above indeterminate animal facing upwards. Bottom left, gira!e with antelope’s horns facing left. Pastoral NIGWAM0010364 Period. Scale bar. Detail showing ostrich engraving facing left.

NIGWAM0010358 Pecked engravings of two seated #gures facing each other. Pastoral NIGWAM0010367 NIGWAM0010373 Period, Scale bar. NIGWAM0010362 Vertical close up view of engraving Small pecked engraving of rhinoceros Close up of right section of engraved of large gira!e facing right located at facing left. Scale bar. Probably panel in NIGWAM0010282. the base of Dabous outcrop. Pastoral Period. 150 151 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

KOLO 002

NIGWAM0010376 NIGWAM0010382 Close up view of 0373. See also 0144 Close of one side of the visitors and 0312 for details of engravings information sign at Dabous and scale.

NIGWAM0010374 NIGWAM0010379 NIGWAM0010381 Pecked outline engraving of This looks like an engraving by Pecked engraving with lines schematic gira!es facing left and the railway line, 10-11 km west of slightly smoothes of bull facing left right. Pecked schematic engraving Dabous. Large eroded engraving superimposed over pecked engraving of pig’s(?) head facing upwards. Stick of decorated gira!e with patch by of upside-down bull with deliberately NIGWAM0010384 engraving of cow facing left. Two neck ground smooth and engraved deformed horns. Top left, small NIGWAM0010377 Same as 0382. outline engravings of bulls with up- with pecked engravings of four pecked engraving of bovine with NFBM – Same as 0376. curved horns facing left and right. zebra(?) superimposing each other. huge horns. Pastoral Period. Scale bar. NIGWAM0020001 Three large cupules. Pastoral Period. Gira!e may be Early Hunter Period. Lower face of huge balanced boulder Scale bar. Superimposed engravings are later. with numerous ground grooves, ovals and some cupules. At top left, row of eight(?) short grooves. Vertical lines of grooves, ovals and cupules.

NIGWAM0010385 NIGWAM0010382 Decorated engraving of a bull facing The #rst visitors information panel right, 5cm scale bar. NIGWAM0010375 which was erected by local people. Pecked outline engraving of There is more information in other NIGWAM0020002 schematic gira!es facing left and languages on the back of the sign. Looking through the passage with right. Pecked schematic engraving Note recording team just visible on vertical grooves, ovals and cupules of pig’s(?) head facing upwards. Stick skyline upper left working on the ground into the rock face. engraving of cow facing left. Two Dabous gira!e outcrop /site. outline engravings of bulls with up- curved horns facing left and right. Three large cupules. Pastoral Period. See also NIGWAM0010374. NIGWAM0010378 Oblique contextual view showing NIGWAM0010380 neck and head of gira!e engraving Large eroded engraving of with long line descending from decorated gira!e with patch by muzzle of gira!e. Between the line neck ground smooth and engraved and gira!es neck is a cow with pecked engravings of four zebra(?) superimposing each other. Gira!e may be Early Hunter Period. Superimposed engravings are later. Scale bar 152 153 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

AKBAR SITE 003

NIGWAM0020005 Looking through the passage with NIGWAM0030004 NIGWAM0030008 vertical grooves, ovals and cupules Two parallel rows of cupules in Pecked outline engraving of ground into the rock face. NIGWAM0030004. Note three domestic bull. Scale bar. engraved ‘sandals’, eroded engraving of cow and probable antelope at bottom right.

NIGWAM0030003 Opposite view of gira!e and animal NIGWAM0020003 in NIGWAM0030002. Gira!e and Looking through the passage with hollows in NIGWAM0030001 visible in vertical grooves, ovals and cupules background. ground into the rock face. NIGWAM0030001 NIGWAM0030009 Pavements with pecked and Pecked outline engraving on vertical smoothened lines of decorated sandstone face of domestic bull gira!e; two, possibly three, ground NIGWAM0030006 facing right. Vertical lines of eroded shallow hollows. On upper surface of sandstone ancient Ti#nagh script. Horse/Camel outcrop, three crude engravings of Period. ostrich(?).

NIGWAM0030010 NIGWAM0030007 Pecked outline engraving on vertical On sloping surface of sandstone sandstone face of domestic bull outcrop, three pecked outline facing right. Vertical lines of eroded engravings of cattle. Middle animal ancient Ti#nagh script. Scale bar. NIGWAM0030004 has udder with teats. Horse/Camel Period. On sandstone rock at end of NIGWAM0020004 pavement in NIGWAM0030001, two Looking through the passage with parallel rows each having six cupules. vertical grooves, ovals and cupules Note animal under photographer’s ground into the rock face. NIGWAM0030002 foot, second animal (cow?) to left of Pavement with pecked and cupules, and ‘sandal’ at bottom left. smoothened lines of decorated See also NIGWAM0030005. gira!e and animal (antelope?). See NIGWAM0030003 for opposite view of engravings.

154 156 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

ROCK ARCH SITE 004

NIGWAM0030013 NIGWAM0040007 NIGWAM0040009 ...... Looking up pediment to panel Closer view of gira!es in ...... ????????????????????????? of engraved gira!e. See also NIGWAM0040008. ?????????????????? NIGWAM0040008/09/11.

NIGWAM0040001 View of sandstone inselberg with natural arch eroded through one side.

NIGWAM0030011 Pecked outline engraving of male NIGWAM0040004 bovid (bull) superimposing back View of sandstone inselberg with of unidenti#ed animal. Rear end of natural arch eroded through one side. outline animal facing right. Horse/ Camel Period. NIGWAM0040010 NIGWAM0040008 Closer view of gira!es in Panel of seven tightly packed and NIGWAM0040008. deeply engraved gira!e with polished outlines. Large gira!e faces right with two small gira!e on either side and facing it. At right, three further gira!e face left. Age uncertain but possibly late Pastoral Period. See NIGWAM0040009 for closer view and NIGWAM0040011 for oblique view of panel. NIGWAM0040005 View of sandstone inselberg with natural arch eroded through one side.

NIGWAM0040011 Oblique view of gira!e panel in NIGWAM0040002 NIGWAM0040007/08/09. View of sandstone inselberg with natural arch eroded through one side.

NIGWAM0040008 Closer view of gira!es in NIGWAM0030012 NIGWAM0040008. Pecked outline engraving of male NIGWAM0040006 bovid (bull) superimposing back View of sandstone inselberg with of unidenti#ed animal. Rear end of natural arch eroded through one side. outline animal facing right. Scale bar. Horse/Camel Period.

NIGWAM0040003 View of sandstone inselberg with natural arch eroded through one side.

157 158 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0040014 NIGWAM0040019 NIGWAM0040022 NIGWAM0040025 Oblique view of pecked outline cow At top of pediment, long frieze of Separate sandstone boulder near Close up of engraving of with ‘dotted’ body facing left. At right, outline engravings of gira!es and base of inselberg containing arch. two ostriches and horse in crude pecked outline engraving cows. Age uncertain. Engraving of two ostriches and horse NIGWAM0040023. Without scale. of cow with rider facing left. See (NIGWAM0040026) followed by bird NIGWAM0040015 for direct view. (ostrich?). Probably Horse/Camel Period.

NIGWAM0040012 NIGWAM0040017 Ground geometric design or head Natural arch in inselberg in with headdress and shoulders of NIGWAM0040001/02/04/05/16/27. person formed by vertical shallow Note small crude engraving of horse and deep grooves over oval. Scale bar. above arch and, at right, gira!e See NIGWAM0040013 for close-up of superimposed by cow with huge NIGWAM0040020 NIGWAM0040026 panel. horns, both facing left. See 0018 Inside natural hollow (shrine?) in rock Detail of horse in for close-up of cow and gira!e face, crude engravings of people, NIGWAM0040023 NIGWAM0040021/23. Ground NIGWAM0040015 engravings. gira!e, animals and small geometric Separate sandstone boulder near crescent and vertical line below Direct view of engraved cows in designs, Probably Horse/Camel base of inselberg containing arch. horse’s head. NIGWAM0040014. Period. Engraving of two ostriches and horse (NIGWAM0040026) followed by bird (ostrich?).

NIGWAM0040027 NIGWAM0040021 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,????????????????????????????? Separate sandstone boulder near ?????????????????????????????????????? base of inselberg containing arch. NIGWAM0040024 ?????????????? Engraving of two ostriches and horse Close up of engraving of (NIGWAM0040026) followed by bird two ostriches and horse in (ostrich?). NIGWAM0040023. With scale. NIGWAM0040013 Close-up of ‘#gure’ in NIGWAM0040012. NIGWAM0040018 Close-ups of cow superimposing NIGWAM0040016 gira!e in NIGNAM0040017. Horse/ View of sandstone inselberg with Camel Period. natural arch eroded through one side.

159 160 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

AOKORE GUELTA 005

NIGWAM0050003 NIGWAM0050008 NIGWAM0050011 NIGWAM0050014 On cli! to right of NIGWAM0050002 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,????????????????????????????? Close-up of engravings in Oblique view of engraved horses in and commencing from left side, ?????????????????????????????????????? NIGWAM0050010. Libyan warriors, NIGWAM0050016. outline domestic cow facing left, ?????????????? horses, camel, antelope, ostriches antelope with curved horns facing and Ti#nagh script. Note antelope left and outline camel facing right has dotted curve from horns. Camel NIGWAM0050001 Period. Low sandstone cli!s bordering above horse and domestic cattle. valley. Modern #replace with ash in Bottom left on sloping rock, crudely pecked camel. Middle, frieze of foreground. Shelter in background. NIGWAM0050005 polished outline gira!es, antelope, Engravings of indeterminate animals Closer view of large gira!e, etc horses, camels and large mythical on right cli!s. in NIGWAM0050002. See also animal facing left. Deeply engraved NIGWAM0050006 for details of large horse with striped neck facing gira!e and adjacent small gira!e left and possible horizontal neck engravings. and head of large gira!e. Crude camels facing left and right. Outline NIGWAM0050015 decorated cow facing left. Camel More direct view of engraved horses superimposing decorated gira!e. See NIGWAM0050009 in NIGWAM0050016. NIGWAM0050004 for close-up of left Below cli! top, Libyan Warrior with panels. headdress and shield, hands raised, stands to right of two horses facing left. Second crude #gure stands between horses. Third small horse stands to right of warrior. NIGWAM0050002 Very large outline gira!e (possibly late Early Hunter Period) facing left with cow and rider(?) superimposed. NIGWAM0050006 Below gira!e’s neck, smaller carefully Details from NIGWAM0050002 & decorated gira!e, animal facing NIGWAM0050005 of large gira!e left and antelope with long curved facing left, running antelope, cow, NIGWAM0050016 horns (sable antelope(?) running and small decorated gira!e. Scale bar. NIGWAM0050012 Far left, oblique view of Libyan left. Outline cow in shadow to left. Libyan warrior wearing headdress, warrior with raised hands. Middle, Above branches of tree, huge crude NIGWAM0050004 earrings and decorated leather outline horse superimposed by semi-outlined gira!e facing right, Closer views of engravings in left of clothes (with pantaloons and possible vertical lines of ancient Ti#nagh natural crack in rock and small rock NIGWAM0050003 boots), holding reins of small horse script and above block-pecked horse projections used for front of neck NIGWAM0050010 and javelin in one raised hand, facing left. Right, large outline horse and ears/horns. Outline cow facing Pecked engravings with polished and reins of second horse and two facing left in-#lled with grid pattern left below gira!e’s head. Lower lines. From left, outline antelope, javelins in other raised hand; shield and above outline schematic gira!e right, eroded outline gira!e facing Libyan warrior with headdress, hanging from elbow. Two vertical facing right. Probably Camel Period. left. Probably Pastoral Period. Upper earrings, decorated tunic, breeches, lines of ancient Ti#nagh script and See also NIGWAM0050015 for more right, fairly fresh outline engravings and raised hands holding two one obliterated line of Ti#nagh script. direct view. of schematic horse with tail arching javelins, reins to small horse and Camel Period. to head of domestic bull. See also pointed object; shield hanging from NIGWAM0050005-6. elbow. Crude outline horse facing left. Large and two small ostriches. Camel with saddle. Horse and rider with headdress and possible hawks on arm. Vertical lines of ancient Ti#nagh script. See NIGWAM0050011 for close- up of engravings. NIGWAM0050007 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? 161 162 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0050017 NIGWAM0050025 NIGWAM0050028 Oblique view of large engraved panel From left, pecked engraving with Engravings on a cli! featuring including Libyan warrior holding smoothened lines of Libyan warrior an outline image of a cow facing javelins, shield and horse; outline with headdress/feathers, tunic and right with ti#nagh script inside the Libyan warrior with raised hands; raised hands. Libyan warrior with engraving, a warrior #gure with elongated Libyan warrior holding headdress/feathers, decorated tight headress facing forward with his left javelins and superimposing decorated tunic and breeches has raised hands apparently touching the leg of an gira!e; antelope with elongated holding three javelins, shield, and ostrich. NIGWAM0050021 horns; predators; numerous outline reins of small horse. Third elongated Left side of panel in NIGWAM0050018. ostriches; small horses and camel. NIGWAM0050023 Libyan warrior holds reins of small Libyan warrior wearing headdress Camel Period. Pecked outline domestic bull with horse in one raised hand. Scale bar. and decorated tunic with lower body decorated with two horizontal Camel Period. NIGWAM0050019 edging (NIGWAM0050022), holds lines of ancient Ti#nagh script. To Tuareg standing before engraved javelin in raised hand. Line of right of bull, slim Libyan warrior panel in NIGWAM0050017-19 & 21. ostriches, horses and camel. Small with round outline head and three More ostriches at bottom of panel. man on horse, camels, ostrich and feathers, long neck and one earring, horse. Block-pecked antelope/ striped jacket and breeches, raised cow faces left (NIGWAM0050022). hands one holding elongated leg of Vertical lines of ancient Ti#nagh schematic ostrich. Camel Period. script. Bottom, crude Libyan warrior with raised hands, camels and two ostriches. See NIGWAM0050019 for NIGWAM0050029 Tuareg standing before pane. Interesting panel of engravings NIGWAM0050018 dominated by two decorated gira!e Semi-oblique view of large engraved engravings, one of them very large, panel including Libyan warriors, NIGWAM0050026 which has a small more recent camel horses, ostriches, line of horses, From left, pecked engraving with engraving superimposed over its ostrich and camel, individual smoothened lines of Libyan warrior body. To the left of the small gira!e is camels, large block-pecked cow/ with headdress/feathers, tunic and a roan antelope (?) and possibly two antelope (NIGWAM0050022), gira!e, raised hands. Libyan warrior with gazelle. outline antelope, and vertical headdress/feathers, decorated tight lines of Ti#nagh script. See 0016 tunic and breeches has raised hands NIGWAM0050024 holding three javelins, shield, and for details of right side of panel, Pecked outline domestic bull with NIGWAM0050021 for middle of panel reins of small horse. Third elongated body decorated with two horizontal Libyan warrior holds reins of small and NIGWAM0050019 for Tuareg lines of ancient Ti#nagh script. To giving scale to panel. Camel Period. horse in one raised hand. Scale bar. right of bull, slim Libyan warrior Camel Period. with round outline head and three feathers, long neck and one earring, striped jacket and breeches, raised hands one holding elongated leg of NIGWAM0050020 schematic ostrich. Camel Period. Scale Tuareg standing before engraved bar panel in NIGWAM0050017-19 & 21. NIGWAM0050030 More ostriches at bottom of panel. Stylized outline engraving of a horse facing left with polished outline, to NIGWAM0050022 the of the horse is what may be a Details from NIGWAM0050018 and small rhino and to the left is ti#nagh NIGWAM0050021. Libyan warrior script. wearing headdress or feathers on head and decorated tunic, holds NIGWAM0050027 javelin in one raised hand and feet ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,????????????????????????????? superimpose block-pecked cow/ ?????????????????????????????????????? antelope facing left with pattern of ?????????????? dots before head. Small outline camel 163 164 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

EGATAIRAGHE 007

NIGWAM0070003 Oblique view of very large decorated NIGWAM0070007 gira!e with pecked and lightly Di!erent 0blique view of engraved polished lines. Long emission from gira!e in NIGWAM0070004 nose. See also NIGWAM0070008 NIGWAM0070001 for di!erent oblique view, Vertical sandstone face with small NIGWAM0070006 for neck and head, eroded engravings of animals and NIGWAM0070010 for detail of including gira!e and antelope, head of gira!e. Possibly late Early Hunter or Pastoral Period. superimposed by large engravings NIGWAM0070012 with polished lines of three decorated Schematic, mainly outline, engravings gira!es facing right, and emissions of gira!e. See NIGWAM0070013 from each gira!e’s nose. Later Pastoral NIGWAM0070005 NIGWAM0070010 for details of gira!es in middle of Period. Near top of boulder, pecked Detail of gira!e’s head in pavement. Probably Pastoral Period. engravings of several predators NIGWAM0070004. Detail of head of gira!e in (dogs?) facing right. Period uncertain NIGWAM0070003 & 8. but engraved more recently than NIGWAM0070008 gira!es. Scale bar. Di!erent oblique view of engraved gira!e in NIGWAM0070003.

NIGWAM0070004 Oblique view of very large decorated gira!e with pecked and lightly polished lines superimposing huge outline gira!e facing left. Long emission from note. See also NIGWAM0070013 NIGWAM0070007 for di!erent Oblique view of gira!es in middle of oblique angle and NIGWAM0070005 pavement in NIGWAM0070012. Group for detail of head. Possibly late Early NIGWAM0070002 of schematic, decorated gira!es. See Hunter or Pastoral Period. Scale bar. Vertical sandstone face with small NIGWAM0070016 for detail of left eroded engravings of animals NIGWAM0070009 gira!e. including gira!e and antelope, Di!erent oblique view of engraved superimposed by large engravings gira!e in NIGWAM0070003. with polished lines of three decorated gira!es facing right, and emissions from each gira!e’s nose. Later Pastoral Period. Near top of boulder, pecked engravings of several predators NIGWAM0070006 (dogs?) facing right. Period uncertain Neck and head of gira!e in NIGWAM0070011 but engraved more recently than NIGWAM0070003 & 8. gira!es. Flat sandstone pavement with outline schematic engravings of gira!es. See NIGWAM0070018 for detail of gira!e at bottom right. Probably Pastoral Period NIGWAM0070014 Oblique view of gira!es in middle of pavement in NIGWAM0070012. Group of schematic, decorated gira!es. See NIGWAM0070016 for detail of left gira!e. Scale bar 165 166 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

TELAHLAGHE 008

NIGWAM0080003 NIGWAM0070021 Large eroded engravings of gira!es, Outline engraving of antelope at the bottom , note the neck and (sable antelope?) facing left. Small head of a large whose neck is almost engraving of predator facing upwards parallel to bottom picture. The head below antelope’s nose. Oblique NIGWAM0080001 is being used in ancient times as a view of ostrich in NIGWAM0070020. Fairly "at area of rough sandstone grinding hollow/ see ears of gira!e Pastoral Period. Scale bar. cut by wide crevices. Engravings in next to grinding hollow. The neck has foreground (NIGWAM0080002). been broken, bottom right, where edge of rock is slowly being eroded, see rest of gira!e in 0004.

NIGWAM0070015 NIGWAM0070017 NIGWAM0070019 Detail of left decorated gira!e in Outline engraving of schematic cow Pecked outline engraving of ostrich NIGWAM0070012-13. with deliberately deformed horns. facing left. Pecked outline slightly Pecked lines have been polished. polished. See also NIGWAM0070021 Scale bar. Pastoral Period. for oblique view of ostrich. Pastoral Period.

NIGWAM0080004 The decorative pattern of a large gira!e engraving which is now largely eroded and destroyed is visible NIGWAM0070022 bottom centre. The neck and head of Large gira!e engraving on eroded "at gira!e as detailed in 0003 are visible rock at the site. centre right. Note the grinding hollow indicating the gira!es head.

NIGWAM0080002 Fairly "at area of rough sandstone cut by wide crevices. Engravings in foreground (NIGWAM0080002).

NIGWAM0070016 Detail of left decorated gira!e in NIGWAM0070012-13. NIGWAM0070018 NIGWAM0080005 Detail of gira!e at bottom right in NIGWAM0070020 Schematic engravings of decorated NIGWAM0070011. Pecked outline engraving of ostrich gira!es. Cupules. Decorated neck and facing left. Pecked outline slightly mane of large gira!e superimposed polished. See also NIGWAM0070021 by ground hollow (NIGWAM0080023). for oblique view of ostrich. Pastoral Period. Scale bar. NIGWAM0070024 Close up of the neck and front of gira!e from 0022. 167 168 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0080006 NIGWAM0080010 NIGWAM0080013 NIGWAM0080017 NIGWAM0080020 NIGWAM0080023 Slender antelope with incised Pecked outline animal facing right Closer view of engravings of man, Incised outline of lion in Large decorated engraving of an Decorated neck and mane of gira!e, lines running left. Scale bars. See superimposes man walking left lions and animal in NIGWAM0080011. NIGWAM0080021 running left. ostrich facing left. In the centre above and hollow in NIGWAM0080005’. NIGWAM0080007 & 21. holding downwards round shape at the scale is a small cow. In top right end of short stick. Two outline lions corner is a decorated cow engraving. (NIGWAM0080016) follow man. Scale Note cupules next to 10cm scale bar bar. See also NIGWAM0080013 for closer view of engravings.

NIGWAM0080014 NIGWAM0080018 NIGWAM0080024 NIGWAM0080007 Closer view of engravings of man, Incised outline of lion in Decorated neck and mane of gira!e, Head and body of slender antelope in lions and animal in NIGWAM0080011. NIGWAM0080021 running left. and hollow in NIGWAM0080005’ NIGWAM0080006 & 9. Note cupules. NIGWAM0080021 Incised outline of lion running NIGWAM0080011 left followed by slender antelope Pecked outline animal facing right (NIGWAM0080006 & 9). superimposes man walking left holding downwards round shape at end of short stick. Two outline lions (NIGWAM0080016) follow man. Scale bar. See also NIGWAM0080013 for closer view of engravings.

NIGWAM0080015 NIGWAM0080019 NIGWAM0080025 NIGWAM0080008 Closer view of engravings of man, Long, slightly curved object with Complex panel of engravings Slender antelope with incised lions and animal in NIGWAM0080011. ‘handle’ at left and ‘snake’s’ head at apparently depicting a scene of lions lines running left. Scale bars. See right. Bottom left, incised outline facing left who maybe attacking a NIGWAM0080007 & 21 antelope with upright horns and long NIGWAM0080022 bull, centre left. In addition to the face. Top right, cow facing left with Eroded and partly damaged lions are what maybe dogs also facing back legs folded forwards and block- engraving on "at rocks apparently left, 10cm scale bar. pecked decoration on head and body. depicting an elephant facing left. Outline antelope running left with In the area where the elephants cupule on nose. Long pair of ‘legs’ mouth should be is a grinding NIGWAM0080012 slightly hollowed by pecking. Possible hollow, the rocks are cracking out Pecked outline engraving of domestic outline human body. and the millennia - old images are cow facing left, object suspended disappearing. from neck and circle on ‘string’ over hip. Small cupules. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0080016 Upper lion in NIGWAM0080011. NIGWAM0080009 Cupules Slender antelope with incised lines running left. Scale bars. See NIGWAM0080007 & 21.

169 170 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

DINOSOUR FOOTPRINT IFEROUANE 009 010

NIGWAM0100004 NIGWAM0080026 Two slender decorated gira!e stand Remarkable panel of engravings facing each other, heads lowered and apparently featuring a life size close together. Emissions from noses cheetah running after a monkey of both gira!es descend in small (centre left). Above the cheetah is #eld of large dots. At right, Libyan another running animal probably a NIGWAM0100001 Warrior with upturned ‘mushroom’ smaller cheetah, 10cm scale bar. Oblique views of gira!e engravings head. Several small recently-engraved seen from left side. Man gives eroded gira!es and other animals. indication of scale. Pecked outline head and shoulders of person between left gira!e’s legs. Large gira!es are Horse Period and smaller animals probably Camel Period NIGWAM0090005 NIGWAM0090003 additions. See also See also 0001-3, 5 & Details of dinosaur footprint. Details of dinosaur footprint. 8 for oblique views of panel

NIGWAM0090001 Pavement with dinosaurs’ footprints leading away from viewer. See NIGWAM0080029 NIGWAM0090003 & 5 for detail of Di!erent view of the large panel furthest footprint. NIGWAM0100002 described in 0003 depicting Oblique views of gira!e engravings weathered engravings of a herd of seen from left side. gira!es running to the left. Note head of large gira!e (lower left), which NIGWAM0100005 has been polished and ground out Oblique views of gira!e engravings as a grinding hollow. Note the neck seen from right side. descending from the hollow where the neck has been destroyed.

NIGWAM0100003 NIGWAM0090006 Oblique views of gira!e engravings NIGWAM0090004 Details of dinosaur footprint. seen from right side. Details of dinosaur footprint. NIGWAM0100006 Two slender decorated gira!e stand facing each other, heads lowered and close together. Emissions from noses of both gira!es descend in small #eld of large dots. At right, Libyan Warrior with upturned ‘mushroom’ head. Several NIGWAM0090002 small recently-engraved eroded gira!es Extensive pavement of volcanic and other animals. Pecked outline head tu! with fairly deep impressions and shoulders of person between left of dinosaurs’ footprints. See also gira!e’s legs. Large gira!es are Horse NIGWAM0090001 & 3-5 for details of Period and smaller animals probably footprints. Camel Period additions. See also See NIGWAM0090007 also 0001-3, 5 & 8 for oblique views of Metamorphorsed rock panel 171 172 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

ELAULAU 011

NIGWAM01100004 NIGWAM01100007 NIGWAM01100010 NIGWAM0100007 Carefully pecked geometric shapes, Close-up of horse and rider in On cli! face, very tall eroded Two slender decorated gira!e stand probably snakes, include: two NIGWAM0110006. Scale bar. engraving of Libyan warrior holding facing each other, heads lowered horizontal zigzag lines, one above metal-tipped spear in one hand and and close together. Emissions from the other. Curved back and head of reins of horse facing left in other noses of both gira!es descend in NIGWAM01100001 animal(?) facing right. Wavy line with hand. Scale bar. small #eld of large dots. At right, Oblique view of engravings in snake’s head at right end and second Libyan Warrior with upturned NIGWAM0110004-5. wavy/zigzag line with antelope’s head ‘mushroom’ head. Several small at left end. Indeterminate animal at recently-engraved eroded gira!es top right of engraved panel. Bottom and other animals. Pecked outline of panel, double horizontal wavy head and shoulders of person line with snake’s(?) head at right end NIGWAM01100012 between left gira!e’s legs. Large (probably late Pastoral Period). Recent On "at face of sandstone boulder, gira!es are Horse Period and smaller superimposed outline camel facing large crudely pecked gira!e tilted to animals probably Camel Period left. See NIGWAM0110005 for close- left above two further tilted gira!es additions. See also See also 0001-3, 5 up of middle of panel with scale bar NIGWAM01100008 (possibly late Pastoral Period). Small & 8 for oblique views of panel and NIGWAM0110001-2 for duplicate Right extension of panel in outline zebra facing left and three oblique views of panel. NIGWAM0110006. Outline horse Libyan warriors with feathers on and schematic rider. Scale bar. Note heads and raised hands, with horse residue of moulding material on facing left at right side. Warrior and engraving NIGWAM0110002 horse less than 3 000 years old. Scale Oblique view of engravings in bar. NIGWAM0110004-5.

NIGWAM01100011 On cli! face, very tall eroded NIGWAM0100008 NIGWAM01100005 engraving of Libyan warrior with Two slender decorated gira!e stand Close-up of middle of engraved panel three feathers on head and raised facing each other, heads lowered in NIGWAM0110004. Possible snakes hands. Small horse facing right under and close together. Emissions from and recent camel facing left. Scale bar NIGWAM01100009 his arm. Tiny animal facing left by noses of both gira!es descend in On sandstone cli! face, engraving of feathers. Polished ‘hoop’ and line at small #eld of large dots. At right, warrior with three feathers on head top right. Scale bar. NIGWAM01100013 Libyan Warrior with upturned NIGWAM0110002 holding spear in one hand and reins Oblique view of engravings on ‘mushroom’ head. Several small Carefully pecked geometric shapes, of horse in other hand. Shield hangs tilted face of sandstone boulder, recently-engraved eroded gira!es probably snakes, include: two from elbow. Pecked and scraped very large Libyan warrior with three and other animals. Pecked outline horizontal zigzag lines, one above gra$ti. Scale bar. Probably Camel feathers on round head, decorated head and shoulders of person the other. Curved back and head of Period. leather clothing and decorated between left gira!e’s legs. Large animal(?) facing right. Wavy line with shield hanging from elbow. See also gira!es are Horse Period and smaller snake’s head at right end and second NIGWAM0110015 & 21. animals probably Camel Period wavy/zigzag line with antelope’s head additions. See also See also 0001-3, 5 at left end. Indeterminate animal at & 8 for oblique views of panel top right of engraved panel. Bottom of panel, double horizontal wavy NIGWAM01100006 line with snake’s(?) head at right end Panel below waterfall of engraved (probably late Pastoral Period). Recent horses mounted by schematic superimposed outline camel facing thin #gures, polished outlines. left. See NIGWAM0110005 for close- Note damage caused by residue up of middle of panel with scale bar of chemical latex used to mould and NIGWAM0110001-2 for duplicate engravings. Horse/Camel Period. oblique views of panel. 173 174 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM01100014 NIGWAM01100022 NIGWAM01100028 Oblique view of engravings on Large engraving with polished ...... ??????????????????????????? tilted face of sandstone boulder, outline of rhinoceros facing right. ????????????? very large Libyan warrior with three Early Hunter Period and probably ????????????????? feathers on round head, decorated more than 6 000 years old. See also leather clothing and decorated NIGWAM0110023 for near duplicate shield hanging from elbow. See also with scale bar and NIGWAM0110024 NIGWAM0110015 & 21. Scale bar. for detail of head.

NIGWAM01100017 NIGWAM01100019 NIGWAM01100025 Tuareg standing beside large panel Semi-oblique view of warrior and Engraving of large warrior #gure with of Horse Period outline animal horse in NIGWAM0110018 & 20. headdress and shield. Note elaborate engravings and clothed Libyan decoration. 10cm scale bar. warrior. Second outline #gure with square head appears behind Tuareg. NIGWAM01100029 ...... ??????????????????????????? ????????????? NIGWAM01100015 ????????????????? Libyan warrior

NIGWAM01100020 Pecked and scraped engraving on sandstone of warrior with headdress holding spear in one hand and decorated ‘rod’ and reins of horse facing right. ‘Stick’ man above horse. NIGWAM01100023 Large pecked and scraped engraving Rhino in NIGWAM0110022. Scale Bar. of camel facing right. Camel Period. See also NIGWAM0110019. Scale bar NIGWAM01100016 NIGWAM01100030 Tuareg standing next to large panel ...... ??????????????????????????? of engravings with polished outlines ????????????? of cattle, small horses, gira!e, ????????????????? and Libyan warrior with round NIGWAM01100027 head and raised hands. See also Engraving of large warrior #gure with NIGWAM0110017. NIGWAM01100018 headdress and shield. Note elaborate Pecked and scraped engraving on decoration. 10cm scale bar. sandstone of warrior with headdress holding spear in one hand and decorated ‘rod’ and reins of horse facing right. ‘Stick’ man above horse. NIGWAM01100024 Large pecked and scraped engraving Detail of rhino’s head in of camel facing right. Camel Period. NIGWAM01100021 NIGWAM0110022-23. See also NIGWAM0110019. Libyan warrior

175 176 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NEW GIRAFFE SITE 012

NIGWAM01100031 NIGWAM0120003 NIGWAM0120006 ...... ??????????????????????????? Sandstone boulder with engravings Small antelope engraving facing ????????????? of one large and two small decorated right, 10cm scale bar. ????????????????? gira!es facing right. Gira!es’ lines are deeply etched and smooth. Gira!es’ have emission depending from noses. Deeply etched engraving of decorated cow facing right. Two outline predators running left and right. Lightly etched ostrich and indeterminate quadrupeds. See also NIGWAM0120001 for close-up of NIGWAM01100034 NIGWAM0120009 ...... ??????????????????????????? gira!es with scale; NIGWAM0120002 & 6 for oblique view of gira!es; and Sandstone boulder with engravings ????????????? of one large and two small decorated ????????????????? NIGWAM0120007 for close-up of large gira!e with scale. gira!es facing right. Gira!es’ lines are deeply etched and smooth. NIGWAM0120001 Gira!es’ have emission depending Close-up of three decorated gira!es from noses. Deeply etched engraving in NIGWAM0120003-4. of decorated cow facing right. Two outline predators running left and right. Lightly etched ostrich and indeterminate quadrupeds. See also NIGWAM0120001 for close-up of NIGWAM01100032 gira!es with scale; NIGWAM0120002 ...... ??????????????????????????? & 6 for oblique view of gira!es; and ????????????? NIGWAM0120007 for close-up of ????????????????? large gira!e with scale. NIGWAM0120007 NIGWAM0120004 Petri#ed wood scattered below Sandstone boulder with engravings engraved panel in NIGWAM0120001-4 of one large and two small decorated gira!es facing right. Gira!es’ lines are deeply etched and smooth. Gira!es’ have emission depending from noses. Deeply etched engraving of decorated cow facing right. Two outline predators running left and right. Lightly etched ostrich and indeterminate quadrupeds. See also NIGWAM0120001 for close-up of gira!es with scale; NIGWAM0120002 NIGWAM0120010 & 6 for oblique view of gira!es; and Close-up of large gira!e in NIGWAM0120007 for close-up of NIGWAM0120008 NIGWAM0120003, 04 NIGWAM0120002 large gira!e with scale. Pecked engravings of two predators Oblique views of panel in (dogs?) facing right. Scale bar. NIGWAM0120003-4.

NIGWAM01100033 ...... ??????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????

177 178 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

WARRIOR SITE INDAKATTE - 013

NIGWAM0130003 NIGWAM0130005 NIGWAM0120011 Direct view of lion in Balanced boulder with pecked Sandstone boulder with engravings NIGWAM0130002. Lion has block- engravings of decorated lion of one large and two small decorated peck decoration, head turned (NIGWAM0130021) facing right gira!es facing right. Gira!es’ lines forwards, open mouth with teeth, with head turned forwards are deeply etched and smooth. #ve claws on front and six claws on (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic Gira!es’ have emission depending NIGWAM0130001 rear paws, and zigzag decoration bull?) facing left with block-pecked from noses. Deeply etched engraving Number of large boulders with on stomach. Behind lion are two decoration (NIGWAM0130012); of decorated cow facing right. Two Libyan Warrior style engravings. warriors (NIGWAM0130019)with mounted horse with block-peck outline predators running left and See NIGWAM0130002-3 & spears and shields mounted on decoration; two antelope one with right. Lightly etched ostrich and NIGWAM0130009 for closer horses. Below lion are two pecked block-peck decoration; man with indeterminate quadrupeds. See also views of engraved boulders, and outline dogs, and two horses face-to- knees bent holding shield; two NIGWAM0120001 for close-up of NIGWAM0130016-18 for view of face with block-pecked decoration dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked NIGWAM0130009 gira!es with scale; NIGWAM0120002 upper boulder. NIGWAM0130007 (NIGWAM0130020). Bottom right, decoration. Direct view of cow (domestic bull?) & 6 for oblique view of gira!es; and Balanced boulder with pecked man holding spear and shield. Below facing left with block-pecked NIGWAM0120007 for close-up of engravings of decorated lion and on supporting rock, geometric decoration (NIGWAM0130012); large gira!e with scale. (NIGWAM0130021) facing right design/schematic animal and man; with head turned forwards mounted horse with block-peck two people facing forwards and (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic decoration; two antelope one with arms raised (NIGWAM0130025-26). bull?) facing left with block-pecked block-peck decoration; man with Left person wears decorated decoration (NIGWAM0130012); knees bent holding shield; two dress and ear-pendants; right mounted horse with block-peck dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked person has feathered headdress decoration; two antelope one with decoration. This site and site 14 are and holds three metal-tipped block-peck decoration; man with at a place called Indakatte east of javelins. See NIGWAM0130004 and knees bent holding shield; two Bagzhane Mountain, also known as NIGWAM0130009 for close-up of lion. dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, decoration. “Place of the Lions.” NIGWAM0130002 Balanced boulder with pecked engravings of decorated lion (NIGWAM0130021) facing right with head turned forwards (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic bull?) facing left with block-pecked decoration (NIGWAM0130012); mounted horse with block-peck decoration; two antelope one with block-peck decoration; man with knees bent holding shield; two dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked NIGWAM0130006 NIGWAM0130008 NIGWAM0130010 decoration. Balanced boulder with pecked Balanced boulder with pecked Direct view of cow (domestic bull?) NIGWAM0130004 engravings of decorated lion engravings of decorated lion facing left with block-pecked Balanced boulder with pecked (NIGWAM0130021) facing right (NIGWAM0130021) facing right decoration (NIGWAM0130012); engravings of decorated lion with head turned forwards with head turned forwards mounted horse with block-peck (NIGWAM0130021) facing right (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic decoration; two antelope one with with head turned forwards bull?) facing left with block-pecked bull?) facing left with block-pecked block-peck decoration; man with (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic decoration (NIGWAM0130012); decoration (NIGWAM0130012); knees bent holding shield; two bull?) facing left with block-pecked mounted horse with block-peck mounted horse with block-peck dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked decoration (NIGWAM0130012); decoration; two antelope one with decoration; two antelope one with decoration. This site and site 14 are mounted horse with block-peck block-peck decoration; man with block-peck decoration; man with at a place called Indakatte east of decoration; two antelope one with knees bent holding shield; two knees bent holding shield; two Bagzhane Mountain, also known as block-peck decoration; man with dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, knees bent holding shield; two decoration. decoration. “Place of the Lions.” dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked decoration. 179 180 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

See NIGWAM0130004 and NIGWAM0130009 for close-up of lion. This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.”

NIGWAM0130011 Direct view of cow (domestic bull?) NIGWAM0130013 NIGWAM0130017 NIGWAM0130020 facing left with block-pecked Balanced boulder with pecked Direct view of engravings on upper Two decorated horses face-to-face. decora/Users/ninawhite/Desktop/ engravings of decorated lion boulder including lion cow, mounted See also NIGWAM0130003 & 14. This TARA MAIN DATABASE/1MB_ (NIGWAM0130021) facing right warrior, horses, dogs and armed site and site 14 are at a place called Thumbnails/NIGWAM0130011tion with head turned forwards man on foot. This site and site 14 are Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, (NIGWAM0130012); mounted (NIGWAM0130003-4); cow (domestic at a place called Indakatte east of also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora horse with block-peck decoration; bull?) facing left with block-pecked Bagzhane Mountain, also known as which means, “Place of the Lions.” two antelope one with block-peck decoration (NIGWAM0130012); Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, decoration; man with knees bent mounted horse with block-peck “Place of the Lions.” holding shield; two dogs(?) facing left decoration; two antelope one with with block-pecked decoration. This block-peck decoration; man with NIGWAM0130015 site and site 14 are at a place called NIGWAM0130023 knees bent holding shield; two Direct view of cow (domestic bull?) Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, Oblique view of engraved dogs(?) facing left with block-pecked facing left with block-pecked also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora boulders in NIGWAM0130002-4 & decoration. This site and site 14 are decora/Users/ninawhite/Desktop/ which means, “Place of the Lions.” NIGWAM013009. This site and site 14 at a place called Indakatte east of TARA MAIN DATABASE/1MB_ are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Thumbnails/NIGWAM0130011tion Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, (NIGWAM0130012); mounted Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” horse with block-peck decoration; “Place of the Lions.” two antelope one with block-peck decoration; man with knees bent holding shield; two dogs(?) facing left NIGWAM0130021 with block-pecked decoration. This NIGWAM0130018 Slightly oblique view of lion in site and site 14 are at a place called Direct view of engravings on upper NIGWAM0130002-3. This site and site Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, boulder including lion cow, mounted 14 are at a place called Indakatte east also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora warrior, horses, dogs and armed of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as which means, “Place of the Lions.” man on foot. This site and site 14 are Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, at a place called Indakatte east of “Place of the Lions.” NIGWAM0130012 Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Cow with block-peck decoration in Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, NIGWAM0130011. This site and site 14 “Place of the Lions.” are at a place called Indakatte east of NIGWAM0130014 Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Direct view of lion in Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, NIGWAM0130002. Lion has block- “Place of the Lions.” peck decoration, head turned forwards, open mouth with teeth, #ve claws on front and six claws on rear paws, and zigzag decoration on stomach. Behind lion are two warriors (NIGWAM0130019)with NIGWAM0130016 spears and shields mounted on Direct view of engravings on upper horses. Below lion are two pecked boulder including lion, cow, mounted outline dogs, and two horses face-to- warrior, horses, dogs and armed NIGWAM0130024 face with block-pecked decoration NIGWAM0130019 man on foot. This site and site 14 are Oblique view of engraved (NIGWAM0130020). Bottom right, Warrior with headdress and holding at a place called Indakatte east of boulders in NIGWAM0130002-4 & man holding spear and shield. Below spear and shield, mounted on horse. Bagzhane Mountain, also known as NIGWAM0130009. This site and site 14 and on supporting rock, geometric See also NIGWAM0130003 & 14. This Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, are at a place called Indakatte east of design/schematic animal and man; site and site 14 are at a place called NIGWAM0130022 “Place of the Lions.” Bagzhane Mountain, also known as two people facing forwards and Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, Lion’s head in NIGWAM0130002-3. also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, arms raised (NIGWAM0130025-26). This site and site 14 are at a place “Place of the Lions.” Left person wears decorated dress which means, “Place of the Lions.” called Indakatte east of Bagzhane and ear-pendants; right person Mountain, also known as Ekade in has feathered headdress and Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of holds three metal-tipped javelins. the Lions.” 181 182 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0130025 Direct view of Libyan Warriors in NIGWAM0130003-4, NIGWAM0130015 & 24. This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.”

NIGWAM0130027 NIGWAM0130031 NIGWAM0130033 NIGWAM0130037 This site and site 14 are at a place NIGWAM0130035 This site and site 14 are at a place Oblique views of Libyan Warrior This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane holding tether/reins of small called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in horse. See NIGWAM0130005-7, Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of NIGWAM0130010 & Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” NIGWAM0130040-42. This site and site the Lions.” 14 are at a place called Indakatte east the Lions.” of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.”

NIGWAM0130028 NIGWAM0130032 NIGWAM0130038 This site and site 14 are at a place Oblique views of Libyan Warrior This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane NIGWAM0130026 holding tether/reins of small called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Direct view of Libyan Warriors in horse. See NIGWAM0130005-7, Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of NIGWAM0130003-4, NIGWAM0130015 NIGWAM0130010 & NIGWAM0130034 Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” & NIGWAM0130024. This site and site NIGWAM0130040-42 This site and site Oblique views of Libyan Warrior the Lions.” 14 are at a place called Indakatte east 14 are at a place called Indakatte east holding tether/reins of small of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as horse. See NIGWAM0130005-7, Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, NIGWAM0130010 & “Place of the Lions.” “Place of the Lions.” NIGWAM0130040-42. This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, NIGWAM0130036 “Place of the Lions.” Oblique views of Libyan Warrior holding tether/reins of small horse. See NIGWAM0130005-7, NIGWAM0130010 & NIGWAM0130040-42. This site and site NIGWAM0130029 14 are at a place called Indakatte east NIGWAM0130039 This site and site 14 are at a place of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as This site and site 14 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in “Place of the Lions.” Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” the Lions.”

183 184 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

TWO LIONS SITE INDAKATTE - 014

NIGWAM0130040 NIGWAM0130042 NIGWAM0130045 Elaborately dress Libyan Warrior Elaborately dress Libyan Warrior Close up of elaborately dressed holding small horse by tether/ holding small horse by tether/rein. Libyan Warrior holding small rein. Warrior faces forwards, hands Warrior faces forwards, hands raised horse by tether/rein. Warrior faces raised holding three metal-tipped holding three metal-tipped javelins forwards, hands raised holding javelins (NIGWAM0130008, 11 (NIGWAM0130008, NIGWAM0130011 three metal-tipped javelins NIGWAM0140001 & NIGWAM0130048). He wears & NIGWAM0130048). He wears (NIGWAM0130008, NIGWAM0130011 Two pecked engravings of lions decorated leather(?) skirt, three decorated leather(?) skirt, three & NIGWAM0130048). He wears standing head-to-head, faces turned feathers on head and decorated cloak. feathers on head and decorated cloak. decorated leather(?) skirt, three forwards. Bodies and legs lightly Shield hangs from one elbow. Small Shield hangs from one elbow. Small feathers on head and decorated cloak. block-pecked. Note, lions have #ve horse with reins/tether has block- horse with reins/tether has block- Shield hangs from one elbow. Small claws (like human #ngers) on each peck decoration. This site and site 14 peck decoration. This site and site 14 horse with reins/tether has block- NIGWAM0130048 NIGWAM0130050 paw. Small crude predator (cub?) at are at a place called Indakatte east of are at a place called Indakatte east of peck decoration. This site and site 14 Close-up of Libyan Warrior Detail of Libyan Warrior and near right above outline cow facing left. Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Bagzhane Mountain, also known as are at a place called Indakatte east of in NIGWAM0130005-7, 10 & duplicate of NIGWAM0130050. See also 0003-7 for near duplicates. Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, Bagzhane Mountain, also known as NIGWAM0130040-42. Scale bar. This This site and site 13 are at a place “Place of the Lions.” “Place of the Lions.” Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, site and site 14 are at a place called called Indakatte east of Bagzhane “Place of the Lions.” 20cm scale bar. Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora Mountain, also known as Ekade in which means, “Place of the Lions.” Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.”

NIGWAM0130043 Elaborately dress Libyan Warrior holding small horse by tether/rein. Warrior faces forwards, hands raised holding three metal-tipped javelins NIGWAM0140002 (NIGWAM0130008, NIGWAM0130011 Two pecked engravings of lions & NIGWAM0130048). He wears standing head-to-head, faces turned decorated leather(?) skirt, three forwards. Bodies and legs lightly feathers on head and decorated cloak. block-pecked. Note, lions have #ve Shield hangs from one elbow. Small NIGWAM0130050 claws (like human #ngers) on each NIGWAM0130041 horse with reins/tether has block-peck paw. Small crude predator (cub?) at Elaborately dress Libyan Warrior Detail of Libyan Warrior and near decoration. NIGWAM0130047 right above outline cow facing left. holding small horse by tether/ duplicate of NIGWAM0130050. Close-up of Libyan Warrior in See also 0003-7 for near duplicates. rein. Warrior faces forwards, hands NIGWAM0130005-7, NIGWAM0130010 This site and site 13 are at a place raised holding three metal-tipped & NIGWAM0130040-42. This site and NIGWAM0130049 called Indakatte east of Bagzhane javelins (NIGWAM0130008, 11 site 14 are at a place called Indakatte Detail of Libyan Warrior and near Mountain, also known as Ekade in & NIGWAM0130048). He wears east of Bagzhane Mountain, also duplicate of NIGWAM0130050. Scale Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of decorated leather(?) skirt, three known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora bar. This site and site 14 are at a place the Lions.” feathers on head and decorated cloak. which means, “Place of the Lions.” called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Shield hangs from one elbow. Small Mountain, also known as Ekade in horse with reins/tether has block- Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of peck decoration. This site and site 14 the Lions.” are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” 185 186 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

INFISSAH 015

NIGWAM0140003 NIGWAM0140006 NIGWAM0150004 Two pecked engravings of lions Lions in NIGWAM0140001-2. Scale bar Detail showing two rhinos facing standing head-to-head, faces turned left and a human #gure below, 10cm forwards. Bodies and legs lightly scale bar. block-pecked. Note, lions have #ve claws (like human #ngers) on each paw. See also 0003-7 for near duplicates.This site and site 13 are at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, “Place of the Lions.” NIGWAM0150008 NIGWAM0150010 Double panel with engravings. On the Human #gure in a headress top is a decorated gira!e facing left with a warrior #gure on a horse to the NIGWAM0140007 right. Below are two gira!es, a dog, Close-up of lions in and perhaps a person on a horse NIGWAM0140001-6 NIGWAM0150001 NIGWAM0150005 Warrior #gure n battle dress and Close up of the two rhinos from 0005, headdress with other more recent scale bar. engravings from the camel period, person for scale.

NIGWAM0140004 Two pecked engravings of lions NIGWAM0150011 standing head-to-head, faces turned Contextual shot of a gira!e engraving forwards. Bodies and legs lightly on a rock. block-pecked. Note, lions have #ve claws (like human #ngers) on NIGWAM0150009 NIGWAM0140008 each paw. See also 0003-7 for near Three gira!e engravings and a small Detail of lions in NIGWAM0140001-6 duplicates.This site and site 13 are human #gure, 10cm scale bar. at a place called Indakatte east of Bagzhane Mountain, also known as NIGWAM0150002 Ekade in Tawa a Tagora which means, Oblique contextual view showing “Place of the Lions.” warrior #gures facing forwards. See 0001 for scale.

NIGWAM0150012 Contextual shot of a decorated NIGWAM0150006 warrior #gure in headdress as well as Engravings of warrior #gures and a a smaller human #gure. decorated gira!e facing right, Tuareg guide above.

NIGWAM0150003 Panel of faded engravings including many small stick human #gures, scale bar 187 188 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0150014 NIGWAM0150020 NIGWAM0150031 - A large panel with decorated gira!e Contextual view of engraving of an Detail from 0030 (left panel) featuring facing left and a warrior #gure with Addex on the edge of a river bed, see a large animal, perhaps a rhino facing lance facing forward, 10cm scale bar. 0021 for scale left and a human on the left with a stick along his shoulders, 10cm scale bar.

NIGWAM0150018 NIGWAM0150023 NIGWAM0150028 Close up view Warrior #gure with Pecked warrior #gure on a rock. Gira!e engravings and a warrior sword and headdress in 0017. #gure at the base of a boulder, see 0029 for scale.

NIGWAM0150020 Close up view Warrior #gure with sword and headdress in 0017.

NIGWAM0150015 Warrior #gure in headdress with NIGWAM0150026 gazelle , 10cm scale bar. Eroded engravings on a boulder by the river bed with recent white NIGWAM0150029 gra#tti, 10cm scale bar. Gira!e engravings and a warrior #gure at the base of a boulder, 10cm NIGWAM0150033 scale bar. Engraving of a gira!e on a small rock. NIGWAM0150021 Close up shot from 0020 showing an engraving of an addex.

NIGWAM0150019 Decorated bull facing left with other faded engravings, 10cm scale bar.

NIGWAM0150027 Warrior #gure facing forward next to a cow facing left, 10cm scale bar. NIGWAM0150030 Various eroded engravings of cattle and antelope.

NIGWAM0150017 Warrior #gure with sword and headdress.

189 190 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGWAM0150043 NIGWAM0150046 Contextual view of remarkable Close up of central part of #gure life-size warrior #gure in decorated in 0043 showing details of the costume with hands stretched out, engraving as well as two small camel headdress, and shield. facing right. Picture also highlights some recent white gra#tti.

NIGWAM0150050 NIGWAM0150034 NIGWAM0150037 NIGWAM0150040 Complex eroded panel with many Contextual view of engraving of Detail showing warrior #gure facing Close up of impressive warrior #gure di!erent engravings including what warrior #gure facing forward and a forward from 00036. in headdress with jewellery? Rock may be a rhino top centre, human camel to the left. has fallen on its side (Angle corrected #gures, a cow, etc. 10cm scale bar. here), 10cm scale bar

NIGWAM0150044 Remarkable life-size warrior #gure NIGWAM0150038 NIGWAM0150035 in decorated costume with hands Impressive warrior #gure in headdress Oblique view of engraving of warrior NIGWAM0150041 stretched out, headdress, and shield. with jewellery? Rock has fallen on its #gure facing forward and a camel to Three gira!e engravings on the side Scale. NIGWAM0150048 side, 10cm scale bar. the left. of a boulder facing left, the outer Outline engraving of a cow on a surface of the granite has seriously boulder. exfoliated threatening the art.

NIGWAM0150051 Human #gure facing forward carrying shield, 10cm scale bar

NIGWAM0150036 NIGWAM0150039 Close up of 0035 showing warrior Close up of impressive warrior #gure NIGWAM0150049 #gure facing forward and a camel to in headdress with jewellery? Rock has NIGWAM0150042 Outline engraving on a boulder of a the left 10cm scale bar. fallen on its side. Three gira!e engravings on the side mythical creature facing right or what of a boulder facing left, the outer is possibly a large person(?). surface of the granite has seriously exfoliated threatening the art,10 cm NIGWAM0150045 scale bar. Close up of the #gure in 0043, 20cm scale bar. 191 192 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

BATCHA 016

NIGWAM0160004 NIGWAM0160008 NIGWAM0160012 Close-up - duplicates of cattle Tuareg stands amid low stone On exposed rough surface of engravings in NIGWAM0160001-3 & 6. structures, possibly tent stabilisers. sandstone boulder, deeply pecked Scale bar. outline engraving of cow facing right.

NIGWAM0160001 Recorder standing against sandstone slab supported on rock resembling mushroom.

NIGWAM0150052 NIGWAM0150054 Warrior #gure facing forward with Engraving of warrior #gure with a headdress, 10cm scale bar. gazelle on top of a boulder

NIGWAM0160009 NIGWAM0160005 Large lower grindstone with two Close-up duplicates of cattle small upper grindstones. engravings in NIGWAM0160001-3 & 6.

NIGWAM0160002 On side of sandstone slab, man wearing tunic stands behind cow facing right with block-pecked decoration on body and deliberately NIGWAM0160013 defaced horn. Second smaller cow Engravings depicting sandal motifs with up-curved horns and block- on top of a "at rock. pecked body faces #rst cow. See also 0002-6. NIGWAM0160010 NIGWAM0160006 Sandstone pavement with numerous Oblique view of cattle engravings in ground depressions. NIGWAM0160001-4.

NIGWAM0150053 NIGWAM0150055 - Engraving of man on a horse Close up showing another warrior facing left. Possible image of a dog #gure facing forward, 10cm scale underneath, 10cm scale bar.

NIGWAM0160003 On side of sandstone slab, man wearing tunic stands behind cow facing right with block-pecked NIGWAM0160011 decoration on body and deliberately NIGWAM0160007 On side of sandstone boulder deeply defaced horn. Second smaller cow On side of protected rock, pecked pecked outline engraving of bull with with up-curved horns and block- engraving of domestic bull facing up-swept horns facing right. Body NIGWAM0160014 pecked body faces #rst cow. See also right with collar and pendant. Small lightly block-pecked. Detail showing two sandal motifs in NIGWAM0160002-6. animal (dog?) faces bull’s head. 0013 , 10cm scale bar.

193 194 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

TELOUOES KORI DABOUS 017 018

NIGWAM0160015 NIGWAM0170004 Engraving of a gira!e facing right on Two warrior #gures facing forwards, the bottom right surface of a large "at with the right more clearly decorated. rock. On the left may be a horse and rider.

NIGWAM0180001 Rock engraving site on top of an outcropon the edge of Dabous riverbed, a few kilometres upstream from the main Dabous gira!e site.

NIGWAM0160018 NIGWAM0180003 Close up from 0014 featuring the Tuareg custodian from Dabous gira!e engraving of gira!e facing right, other site looks at the engravings on top of smaller engravings are visible centre the outcrop including a gira!e, cow, right. 10cm scale bar. an antelope and cupules. NIGWAM0160016 NIGWAM0170001 NIGWAM0170005 Similar shot to 0015 taken from Fine decorated gira!e engraving on a Close up of Two warrior #gures facing a di!erent angle, so that small boulder, see 0003 for scale. forwards, with the right more clearly engraving to right of gira!e is more decorated. On the left may be a horse visible. and rider, 10cm scale bar

NIGWAM0180002 Engravings at the top outcrop featuring a gira!e facing left as well as cupules. The people standing in the riverbed below give scale to the scene. NIGWAM0180004 Close up from 0002 of the actual engravings on top of outcrop including a gira!e, a cow , and an antelope as well as cupules. 10cm scale bar.

NIGWAM0170003 Fine decorated gira!e engraving on a boulder, 10cm scale bar. NIGWAM0160017 NIGWAM0170005 Close up from 0014 featuring the Vertical close up view of two warrior engraving of gira!e facing right, #gures facing forwards, with the right NIGWAM0180005 other smaller engravings are visible more clearly decorated. On the left Detail from 0002 showing engraving centre right. may be a horse and rider, 10cm scale. of an antelope facing right.

195 196 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

EKARKAWI 019

NIGWAM0190009 NIGWAM0190014 NIGWAM0180006 Detail from 0005 of a cow engraving Contextual view of one of big gira!e Close up gira!e from 0002 facing left, facing left, 10cm scale bar engravings on part of the engraved with cupules. surface of outcrop. Note how the uneven surface of the outcrop has not deterred artist from making the NIGWAM0190001 engraving, 10cm scale bar. Close up of engravings of two decorated cows facing left.

NIGWAM0190004 NIGWAM0190006 – Close up of schematic design Another view of schematic woman in apparently representing a human headdress with gira!e from 0005. #gure in a headdress. In the foreground is a gira!e. NIGWAM0190010 NIGWAM0180007 Detail of cow engraving facing right. Rock ledge near the top of outcrop with multiple animal engravings NIGWAM0190015 with most of them badly eroded. Another view of one of big Numerous cupules. NIGWAM0190002 engravings in 0013. In the fore Recorder photographing engravings ground are engravings of a gira!e on top of the outcrop. and a cow.

NIGWAM0190005 NIGWAM0190011 Close up showing schematic Detail of decorated gira!e facing left. woman in headdress with gira!e on the foreground. Notice part of an engraved cow on the right, 10cm NIGWAM0180008 scale bar. Eroded engraving of an elephant facing left, 10cm scale bar NIGWAM0190003 NIGWAM0190016 Engravings of cattle, gira!e, and View against the light of one of big schematic designs on top of the gira!e engraving in 0013. Body of outcrop on the Dabous riverbed. NIGWAM0190007 gira!e is on the right and its neck Vertical view of 0005, 10cm scale bar. runs across the picture to the left like a river.

NIGWAM0190013 One of the two big gira!e engravings on part of the engraved surface of outcrop. Note how the uneven surface of the outcrop has not deterred artist from making the NIGWAM0180011 engraving, 10cm scale bar. Engraving of a cow facing left, 10cm scale bar.

197 198 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

SMALL GIRAFFE 3RD LION SITE ELEPHANT 020 021 022

NIGWAM0190017 NIGWAM0190020 Another of engraved surface of Close up of the neck and head of one outcrop against the light. On the right of the big gira!e. are two of the legs of the gira!e. The neck is on the upper right part of the picture. NIGWAM0210001 NIGWAM0220001 Pecked engraving of decorated lion Large pecked outline engraving of facing left, head turned forwards elephant with extended trunk facing and #ve claws on each paw. See also left. Possible cupule below head. NIGWAM0210002. Scale bar.

NIGWAM0190022 Ti#nagh script engravings.

NIGWAM0200001 Contextual view of stylized engraving NIGWAM0190018 of as mall gira!e facing left with lines View of multiple engravings on top of descending fro its muzzle. the outcrop including the head and neck of one of the big gira!e, bottom right and centre NIGWAM0210002 Pecked engraving of decorated lion facing left, head turned forwards and #ve claws on each paw. See also NIGWAM0190021 NIGWAM0210002. Close up of neck and head of one of the big gira!es from 0013.

NIGWAM0200003 Close up detail of gira!e featured in 0002, 10cm scale bar (Rotate 90 NIGWAM0190019 clockwise). Di!erent angle of multiple engravings NIGWAM0190023 on top of the outcrop including the Engravings of a cow and ti#nagh head and neck of one of the big script. gira!e, bottom right and centre.

NIGWAM0200004 Contextual view of old, eroded engraving of an antelope facing left.

199 200 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

OLD LION SITE NOT AT SITE 023 S

NIGNAS0006 NIGNAS0014 NIGNAS0029 Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Stone bowls and grinding stones, Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. probably several thousand years old found on an ancient lake shore in the Tenere. NIGWAM0210001 NIGNAS0001 Ancient engraving of a rhino or Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air mythical animal facing right, 10cm Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. scale bar.

NIGWAM0210004 Wider view of the front half of the engraving from 000.

NIGNAS0008 NIGNAS0015 Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. NIGNAS0029 Bifacial chert point / tool, probably about 80, 000 year old, Tenere. NIGNAS0003 NIGWAM0210002 Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Ancient engraving of rhino or Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. mythical animal facing right,10cm scale bar.

NIGWAM0210005 Wider view of the front half of the engraving from 000.

NIGNAS0009 NIGNAS0020 Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Holding fragments of ancient ostrich Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. egg found in the Tenere. NIGNAS0030 Bifacial chert point / tool, probably about 80, 000 year old, Tenere.

NIGNAS0013 NIGNAS0027 NIGNAS0005 Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Landscape in the Eastern Air Tuareg Tamtam ceremony, near Air Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. Mountains near Tezirzek. Ref NIGNAS0033 NIGWAM0210003 Mountains. Ref NIGWAM001. NIGEAM007. Upper and lower Neolithic grind Close of the front of the engraving in stones, Tenere. 0001.

201 202 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAS0039 NIGNAS0055 NIGNAS0059 NIGNAS0065 Giant sand dunes in the broken crater In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref of Arakaou seen through the trees in NIGNAM001. NIGNAM001. NIGNAM001. the Wadi. Eastern Air Mountains. Ref NIGEAM001.

NIGNAS0044 NIGNAS0052 In the dunes at Arakaou. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref NIGEAM001. NIGNAM001. NIGNAS0056 NIGNAS0060 NIGNAS0069 In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref NIGNAM001. NIGNAM001. NIGNAM001. NIGNAS0040 In the dunes at Arakaou. Ref NIGEAM001.

NIGNAS0045 NIGNAS0053 In the dunes at Arakaou. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref NIGNAM001. NIGEAM001. NIGNAS0057 NIGNAS0061 NIGNAS0070 In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref NIGNAM001. NIGNAM001. NIGNAM001. NIGNAS0042 In the dunes at Arakaou. Ref NIGEAM001.

NIGNAS0054 NIGNAS0051 In the dunes at Temet. Ref In the dunes at Temet. Ref NIGNAM001. NIGNAS0071 NIGNAM001. NIGNAS0058 In the dunes at Temet. Ref Downtown Niamey, the Niger capital. NIGNAM001.

NIGNAS0064 In the dunes at Temet. Ref NIGNAM001. 203 204 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAS0072 NIGNAS0075 NIGNAS0081 NIGNAS0088 NIGNAS0092 Pots for sale in Niamey, Niger’s capital. Tuareg waterin their camel at a water Skii shop (Sand skiis) in Agadez. Discussing navigation in the desert. Broken sections of petri#ed trees, hole South of the Air Mountains.. probably over 20 million years old.

NIGNAS0073 NIGNAS0082 NIGNAS0095 Pots for sale in Niamey, Niger’s capital. NIGNAS0076 Traditional Tuareg stringed NIGNAS0093 Holding a petri#ed dinosaur bone, Tuareg man waiting for his animals to instrument, the Endza. Inspecting a petri#ed log. Gadafoua, South of Air Mountains. drink at a water hole South of the Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0089 NIGNAS0074 Tuareg women selling their locally Evening on the Niger River, Niamey. NIGNAS0085 made jewelery by the roadside in the Camel salt caravan crossing the Air Mountains. NIGNAS0079 Tenere, a 300 kilometre wide valley The main Mosque at Agadez, near the visible from space. Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0074 NIGNAS0095 Evening on the Niger River, Niamey. NIGNAS0091 NIGNAS0094 Petri#ed vertebrae from an unknown Tuareg livestock at Agadez waterhole, Tuareg man holding a petri#ed dinosaur that lived here 100 million NIGNAS0087 South of the Air Mountains. dinosaur bone, Gadafoua, South of years ago. Gadafoua, South of Air Camel with livestock at a desert Air Mountains. Mountains. NIGNAS0080 waterhole. Hotel in Agadez.

205 206 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAS0101 NIGNAS0112 Tuareg driver holding a ritual phallic Travelling in the Eastern Air shaped artefact found in the Tenere. Mountains.

NIGNAS0097 NIGNAS0099 Holding a petri#ed dinosaur bone, Small sections of dinosaur bones NIGNAS0104 NIGNAS0102 NIGNAS0106 NIGNAS0115 Gadafoua, South of Air Mountains. including claws and teeth, preserved Inspecting the remains of a petri#ed Tuareg driver holding ritual phallic A midden in the Central Tenere In the dunes near Adrar Chiriet but not petri#ed. Gadafoua, South of forest tree in the Tenere. shaped artefacts found in the Tenere. indicates past settlement / life from Eastern Air Mountains. Air Mountains. long ago.

NIGNAS0105 NIGNAS0103 NIGNAS0116 A midden in the Central Tenere NIGNAS0107 Tourists on a camel Safari in the Holding a ritual phallic shaped indicates past settlement / life from artefact found in the Tenere. In the Eastern Air Mountains at Adrar Eastern Air Mountains. long ago. Chiret.

NIGNAS0098 Holding a petri#ed dinosaur bone, Gadafoua, South of Air Mountains. NIGNAS0100 NIGNAS0117 Holding a petri#ed dinosaur bone, NIGNAS0108 Tuareg selling their jewellery near Gadafoua, South of Air Mountains. In the Eastern Air Mountains. Tezirzek. Ref NIGEAM007.

207 208 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAS0121 NIGNAS0124 NIGNAS0130 NIGNAS0133 NIGNAS0136 The ruins of Chirfa Fort, one of three Eroded marble of the so-called Blue Dunes in the crater of Arakaou, Preserved bones of a large animal, Preserved bones of a large animal, forti#ed towns in Djado region of Mountains in the Tenere close to the Eastern Air Mountains. probably an aurochs in the Eastern probably an aurochs in the Eastern North eastern Niger. Towns were Eastern Air Mountains. Air Mountains. The aurochs became Air Mountains. The aurochs became situated on intersection of historic extinct about 5, 000 years ago. extinct about 5, 000 years ago. caravan route.

NIGNAS0118 Tuareg selling their jewellery near NIGNAS0131 Tezirzek. Ref NIGEAM007. Mysterious stone circle in the Tenere, once described in National NIGNAS0134 NIGNAS0137 Geographic as a pre-historic site Preserved bones of a large animal, Tomb with sculpted monoliths but more likely a circle which once probably an aurochs in the Eastern close to Anakom and Tanakom rock contained a French "ag and "ag pole Air Mountains. The aurochs became engravings site in the Air Mountains. in the French colonial era. extinct about 5, 000 years ago. Ref NIGEAM002 and 003.

NIGNAS0125 Eroded marble of the so-called Blue Mountains in the Tenere close to the Eastern Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0122 The ruins of Chirfa Fort, one of three NIGNAS0132 NIGNAS0135 NIGNAS0138 forti#ed towns in Djado region of Preserved bones of a large animal, Preserved bones of a large animal, Tomb with sculpted monoliths North eastern Niger. Towns were probably an aurochs in the Eastern probably an aurochs in the Eastern close to Anakom and Tanakom rock situated on intersection of historic Air Mountains. The aurochs became Air Mountains. The aurochs became engravings site in the Air Mountains. caravan route. extinct about 5, 000 years ago. extinct about 5, 000 years ago. Ref NIGEAM002 and 003.

NIGNAS0120 NIGNAS0127 Woman with pestel and mortar near Petri#ed logs at a petri#ed forest site Tezirzek. South of the Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0123 Camping in the Tenere. 109 210 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAS0139 NIGNAS0143 NIGNAS0150 NIGNAS0157 NIGNAS0164 Unidenti#ed ancient bone close to Tuareg man looking out over the Tuareg man with his camel Eastern Air Small boy with goat at nomadic Collection of Middle Stone Age tools tomb, Eastern Air Mountains. Tenere Desert from Fares, Eastern Air Mountains. encampment Eastern Air Mountains. photographed in the Tenere. 5cm Mountains. scale bar (Leatherman) centre.

NIGNAS0170 Middle Stone Age tool photographed in the Tenere.

NIGNAS0140 Tuareg guide standing on a dune, NIGNAS0145 NIGNAS0165 near Fares, Eastern Air Mountains. Local inhabitants threshing millet on Collection of Middle Stone Age tools the road North to Agadez. including several pale green chert tools which may date to between 60,000 & 100,000 years. These were found near an ancient lake shore in the Tenere, not far from the Eastern Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0152 NIGNAS0158 NIGNAS0172 Inspecting a goat Eastern Air Tuareg girl and child with goats Discovery in the Tenere of large Mountains. and baby “mou"on” Eastern Air numbers of ancient stone tools. Mountains.

NIGNAS0146 Two goats and a baby Barbary sheep (known locally as Mou"on) in a remote Tuareg encampment in the Eastern Air Mountains. NIGNAS0169 The town of Agadez in Northern Niger near the Southern end of the Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0141 NIGNAS0153 NIGNAS0177 Tuareg man pouring tea, Eastern Air Tuareg girl and child with goats NIGNAS0162 Ancient lake shells recorded in the Mountains. and baby “mou"on” Eastern Air Camp #re in the desert Eastern Air Tenere. Mountains. Mountains.

NIGNAS0147 Nomadic Tuareg people with their goats Eastern Air Mountains

211 212 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGNAS0186 NIGNAS0178 Beetle tracks on the slope of a dune, NIGNAS0194 NIGNAS0201 Ancient lake shells recorded in the Tenere. Beetle is still making its track. Eastern Air Mountains and Tenere Tuareg woman at an encampment, Tenere. Desert, Niger. Eastern Air Mountains

NIGNAS0189 Gira!es at the Park W, East of Niamey. NIGNAS0183 Beetle tracks on the slope of a dune, Tenere. Beetle is still making its track. NIGNAS0195 NIGNAS0202 NIGNAS0181 Tenere with Air Mountains behind, Wodaabe men parading at a Gerewol Sherds of decorated pottery lying in Niger. ceremony in Niger. the sand, Tenere, Niger

NIGNAS0187 NIGNAS0190 Road sign informing motorists in Gira!es at the Park W, East of Niamey. Western Niger of the last population NIGNAS0184 of live gira!es left in North and West Flightless grasshopper, Tenere, Niger. Africa, at the Park W, East of Niamey. 5cm scale. NIGNAS0196 Tuareg man walking through dunes in the crater of Arakaou, Eastern Air Mountains

NIGNAS0191 Huge sand dunes at Temet, North Eastern Air Mountains. Ref NIGNAM001. NIGNAS0203 NIGNAS0182 Mounted Tuareg at the annual Cure Beetle tracks on the slope of a dune, NIGNAS0185 Salee ceremony at Ingal West of Tenere. Desert spider, Tenere, Niger. Agadez.

NIGNAS0198 Tuareg guide and driver near Fares, Eastern Air Mountains.

NIGNAS0188 One of the live gira!es at the Park W, East of Niamey. 213 214 Rock Art of Africa NIGER Rock Art of Africa NIGER

NIGER PEOPLE

NIGNAS0204 NIGNAS0209 NIGPPL0009 Neolithic arrow heads made from Djado ruins, chapel. Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee agates and chert, photographed in ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger. the Tenere.

NIGPPL0004 NIGPPL0006 Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger. ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger.

NIGNAS0205 NIGPPL0010 Neolithic arrowheads mounted NIGPPL0001 Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee as pendants (for sale to tourists) Wodaabe (Peule) men dressed up for ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger. by Tuareg pastoralists in the Air a Gerewol ceremony, Niger. Mountains.

NIGNAS0210 Djado ruins, chapel.

NIGPPL0007 Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger.

NIGPPL0003 Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger.

NIGNAS0214 NIGPPL0005 South of Black Mountains. Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger.

NIGPPL0012 NIGNAS0208 Tuareg women dressed up for a Cure Neolithic arrowheads mounted Salee ceremony, Niger. as pendants (for sale to tourists) by Tuareg pastoralists in the Air Mountains.

NIGPPL0008 NIGNAS0215 Mounted Tuareg at a Cure Salee Temet ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger. 215 216 Rock Art of Africa NIGER

Algeria Angola Botswana

NIGPPL0016 Man racing his camel at a Cure Salee ceremony near Ingal, Northern Niger.

Chad Egypt Ethiopia

Kenya Libya Malawi

Mauritania Morocco Namibia

South Africa Sudan Somaliland

Tanzania Uganda Zimbabwe 217