Government of Kerala Local Self Government Department
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Tribal Development Framework-Social Management Framework July 2020 Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (The World Bank Assisted) GOVERNMENT OF KERALA LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Kerala Solid Waste Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Tribal Development Framework-Social Management Framework (TDF-SMF) July 2020 VOLUME II PART B Public Disclosure Authorized Project Management Unit Suchithwa Mission Thiruvananthapuram Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Tribal Development Framework-Social Management Framework July 2020 Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (The World Bank Assisted) Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... 8 List of figures ................................................................................................................................... 9 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 14 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 25 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................... 25 1.2 Project Description .............................................................................................................. 27 1.2.1 Project Development Objective .................................................................................... 27 1.3 Project Components ............................................................................................................ 27 2 Legal and Policy Framework ................................................................................................... 31 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 31 2.2 Constitutional Mandate of Local Governance ................................................................ 31 2.2.1 Kerala Municipality Act 1994 ....................................................................................... 31 2.2.2 Kerala Municipality (Amendment) Act 2012 .............................................................. 31 2.2.3 Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 ........................ 31 2.2.4 Solid Waste Management Rules (SWM), 2016 ............................................................ 32 2.2.4.1 Major highlights of the new SWM Rules, 2016 ..................................................... 32 2.2.4.2 Ancillary Rules .......................................................................................................... 34 2.2.5 Kerala State Policy on Solid Waste Management ...................................................... 35 2.3 The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 36 2.4 Right to Information Act, 2005 .......................................................................................... 37 2.5 Tribal Legal Framework ..................................................................................................... 37 2.5.1 Constitutional Safeguards ............................................................................................. 37 2.5.2 Some Important legal provisions to safeguard tribal interests................................. 38 2.5.3 Modified Area Development Approach (MADA), Pockets and clusters ............... 39 2.5.4 Devolution of power and emergence of system of local self-governance ............... 39 2.5.5 Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act............................................... 40 2.5.6 State Legislation Act, Policy or Government Order .................................................. 40 2.6 Applicable World Bank Safeguards ................................................................................. 41 3 Social and Tribal Baseline ....................................................................................................... 43 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Geography ............................................................................................................................ 43 3.3 Administrative Units .......................................................................................................... 44 2 Tribal Development Framework-Social Management Framework July 2020 Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (The World Bank Assisted) 3.4 Population ............................................................................................................................ 44 3.4.1 Growth Rate ................................................................................................................... 44 3.4.2 Density of Population .................................................................................................... 45 3.4.3 Rural and Urban Population ......................................................................................... 45 3.1.1 Households and Household Size ................................................................................. 46 3.1.2 Sex Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 46 3.2 Child Population ................................................................................................................. 47 3.2.1 Child Sex Ratio ............................................................................................................... 48 3.3 Literacy ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.3.1 Gender gap in literacy ................................................................................................... 49 3.4 Scheduled Caste Population .............................................................................................. 50 3.5 Labor Force ......................................................................................................................... 51 3.5.1 Workers ........................................................................................................................... 51 3.5.2 Work Participation Rate ................................................................................................ 51 3.5.3 Main and Marginal Workers ........................................................................................ 52 3.5.4 Categories of Economic Activities of the Workers ..................................................... 52 3.6 Emigration ............................................................................................................................ 53 3.7 Land Use Pattern ................................................................................................................. 54 3.8 Demographic Profile of Tribals ......................................................................................... 55 3.8.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 55 3.8.2 Population ....................................................................................................................... 56 3.8.3 Urban Areas .................................................................................................................... 57 3.8.4 Notified Tribes in Kerala ............................................................................................... 59 3.8.5 Primitive Tribal Groups ................................................................................................ 60 3.9 Socio-Economic Profile of Tribals in Kerala .................................................................... 61 3.9.1 Literacy Levels ................................................................................................................ 61 3.9.2 Literacy in Urban Areas ................................................................................................ 61 3.9.3 Sex Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 62 3.9.4 Sex Ratio in Urban Areas .............................................................................................. 63 3.9.5 Workers ........................................................................................................................... 63 3.9.6 Workers in Urban Areas ................................................................................................ 64 4 Social Risks and Impacts ......................................................................................................... 65 4.1 Project Scope ........................................................................................................................ 65 4.2 Potential Key Social Risks .................................................................................................. 66 4.3 Land Related Risks ......................................................................................................... 66 3