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Mapping Kerala Model of Development Growth Rate - Nandeesha Volume-2 Issue-4 April-June-2014 Pages-8 www.uni-mysore.ac.in Inside... Mapping Kerala Model of Development Growth Rate - Nandeesha . H.K Higher......Page-2 Kerala Model of along with access to public Kerala; Mt.Everst of development is based on services to maximum people ....Page-3 bottom up and state driven rather than it`s concentration Access to Drinking development as against among the few . This was all water..Page-4 “Gujarat Model” which possible because of land Women Labour .. encapsulates primary growth reform. Land Reform ..Page-5 and private-entrepreneurship struggles reinforced the With 93.91% State driven development. The lowest caste groups to move Leads...Page-6 ‘Kerala Model’ is about upwards Economically and Kerala- systematic State investment in Socially with Political Demography education and health. Such Participation and Activism. Population - investments and mass The old Kerala 3,34,06,061 campaigns have created the Model fostered literacy, transformation. health and motivated Male -1,60,27,412 More precisely, the population with a sense of Female- Kerala model is been defined purpose, involvement, 1,73,78,649 by Richard W. Franke and commitment to ideals, and a Barbara H. Chasinas as; generally optimistic future Population Density ·A set of high material quality-of-life indicators orientation. These achievements along with the -860 (Per sq.km) coinciding with low per-capita incomes, both expectation of high material quality of life indicators distributed across nearly the entire population of and willingness to organize and carry out mass Area- Kerala actions gave Kerala significant resources with 38,863 sq miles ·A set of wealth and resource redistribution which a new model to suit today’s circumstances IMR -12 programmes that have largely brought about the could be developed. The “new agenda” is the high material quality-of-life indicators People’s Plan Campaign (PPC). It is also based ·High levels of political participation and activism on the New Democratic Initiatives which believes among ordinary people along with substantial in bottom-up participatory planning. These MMR-81 numbers of dedicated leaders at all levels. includes elected district councils, the total literacy Decadal Growth It is a model based on improving health, programme, some unrestricted funds to local Rate-4.9% education and quality of life for people. The panchayats, and the People’s Resource Mapping foundations for this holistic model of development Programme. The campaign was based on five main Economic Growth were laid in part by the enlightened maharajas and ideas: Rate-8.2 in part later by the church, which invested heavily 1. Local people often understand better than in health and education. Behind Kerala’s outside bureaucrats or experts what their HDI Value-0.940 development indicators lie a century of fights drivent communities need. towords redistributing of wealth among it`s public (continued page-5) ABHYUDAYA April-June-2014 PAGE-2 Growth Rate Higher than National Average -Arjun .R Development can be accessed only Rs. 59,052. Ernakulam district state’s own tax revenue in the last fiscal from two aspects, one non-income stands first in per capital income of Kerala were 30,076.61 crore, which was 93.63 dimensions and second in income state (94,392) and Waynad at the bottom % of the targeted revenue. Receipts from dimensions. Income dimensions looks at with Rs. 46,507. The revenue deficit Sales Tax and VAT contributed around 75 the growth pattern of the economy, its growth has been fixed at 2.57 % in the % of revenue income. The income on sectoral growth, structural changes, last fiscal, a little higher than that of 2011- account of vehicle sales registered a 17 poverty, and public distribution system. 12 (2.55 %). In the ongoing financial year, % growth. As many as 80,48,673 vehicles Kerala has 8.2 % growth rate the budget estimate on revenue deficit is were sold in 2012-13, against 68,65,539 during the financial year 2012-13 against 0.54 %, Though, the contribution of the previous year. However, in the ongoing a national rate of 5 %. It showed a agricultural sector to the state economy fiscal year, the sale has dipped along with marginal increase of 0.2 % compared to was on the decline in 2012-13, under the fall in the number of land registration. The the previous financial year 2011-12. The strength of the allied livestock sector, it revenue expenditure of the state has come Economic Review 2013 has put the has picked up from 7.03 % (2011-12) to down to 16.37 % in the last fiscal, from estimated debt of the state at Rs. 1, 7.2 %. In the current financial year, the 31.21 % in the 2011-12. The non-tax 14,121.38 crore by the end of the current contribution has been estimated at a higher revenue income of the state has registered fiscal year (2013-14) as compared to Rs. rate of 7.75 %. The total growth of farm a 62 % increase in 2012-13 than in the 1, 03,580.84 crore in 2012-13. The sector has recorded a 4.39 % increase in previous fiscal year (34.25 %). growth in debt has gone up from 13.66 2012-13, over a paltry 1.3 % growth in The State Human Development % to 15.8 %. The debt equity ratio the previous fiscal. Report 2005 has examined the possibilities earmarked for the state is 30 %. At The primary sector comprising for a qualitative transformation of Kerala’s present, Kerala has touched only 28.5 agriculture has only a share of 9.34 % in development experience by strengthening % in the current fiscal year. the sectoral distribution of Gross State the potential linkages between human The per capita income has risen Domestic Product at Constant Price, development and economic growth. to 63,492 in 2012-13, against the whereas, the secondary and tertiary Source: Annual Plan 2012-13, Kerala national average of Rs. 45,238. In 2011- sectors have contributed 23.94 % and State, Economic Review 2012- 12, the per capita income of Kerala was 66.72 % respectively. The receipts from 13,Kerala HDR- 2005 Community Led, People Centred Approach to Sanitation -Deepa T.M. Sanitation is an important facet of sweeping have contributed to inefficient human well-being. Sanitation is taken into waste transfer and littering. In order to account in health status determination. As combat this and bring professionalism in per Census 2011, about 98% of the managing sanitation and waste households in Kerala have toilets. This is management Suchitwa Mission was been possible in Kerala because of the launched in April 2008. This institutional strategy to make the Sanitation Programme reform has enabled the up scaling of ‘Community led’ and ‘People Centered’. initiatives envisaged in the Malinya Mukta In Kerala, Sanitation comes under the Keralam Action Plan. The Mission is jurisdiction of the local Governments thus taking steps to strengthen its technical making it more people centred. capabilities in various aspects of sanitation. Even though not an industrialised state per say, Kerala The Management and control of Suchitwa Mission is still face a problem of environmental wastes with 68% of entrusted to a Governing Body and will be carried out on biodegradable wastes and 32 per cent non-biodegradable, such accordance with Rules and regulations of mission. The Hon’ble as plastic, bottles, metal parts, rubber, bricks, etc., causing Minister for Panchayats and Social Welfare is the Chairman of serious environmental concerns. There is no practice of Suchitwa Mission and Principal Secretary, Local Self segregation and storage of waste and this has resulted in a Government Department is the Vice Chairman. disorganised collection system. To add to this, irregular street (continued page-8) ABHYUDAYA April-June-2014 PAGE-3 Kerala; Mt.Everst of Social Development - Vagdevi .H.S Health Indicators in Kerala mortality rates and reduction in the factors for increase in life expectancy. Sl. Particulars 2007 2012 growth rate of population, no or MMR has declined by 21 from 110 to No minimal gender discrimination and 81. Though the state has a low IMR one 1 Crude Birth Rate (Per 15 14.8 a positive sex ratio. Kerala is one can still see that there is an improvement 1000 population) state that has met nearly all the from 14 in 2007 to 13 in 2012. The other 2 Crude Death Rate 6.4 7 criteria of demographic health indicators that have shown positive (Per 1000 population) development. The state has seen growth are CMR and life expectancy at 3 Total Fertility Rate 1.7 1.7 a positive sex ratio with 1084 for birth. The use of contraceptives has each 1000 male, which is much shown a remarkable increase of almost 110 81 4 Maternal Mortality higher than the national average. 10% in five years from 72.1% to 62.3%. Ratio (Per lakh live Even in education sector Kerala The education and government efforts births) is showing a positive growth trend have been successful in creating 5 Infant Mortality Rate 14 13 awareness and thereby, controlling (Per ‘000 live births) with financial support for 6 Child (0-4) Mortality 3 2 specialised courses. population expansion in the state. Rate (Per ‘000 live Among the health Though income indicators are not births) indicators, the CBR shows an much appeasing, the non – economic 7 Current Contraceptive 72.1 62.3 improvement from 15 to 14.8 in indicators are unparallel in Kerala. Use Any Method (%) span of six years. The Child Kerala’s unusual socioeconomic and 8 Life Expectancy at Mortality Rate in Kerala shows a demographic situation is summarized by birth 1 Male, 70.9 71.4 declining trend.
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