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Biología De Campo 2008

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Biología De Campo 2008 Biología de Campo 2008 Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Biología Biología de Campo 2008 Coordinadores: Federico Bolaños Jorge Lobo Eduardo Chacón Golfito, Puntarenas Enero-Febrero 2008 Indice Indice................................................................................................................................. 2 Presentación del curso...................................................................................................... 4 Lista de participantes ........................................................................................................ 5 Frases Célebres................................................................................................................6 Fotografía de grupo........................................................................................................... 9 Fotografías de participantes............................................................................................ 10 Trabajos grupales ........................................................................................................... 31 Relación del ambiente lumínico con el desarrollo de palmas de dosel ...................... 32 Diversidad y abundancia de palmas de en dos tipos de bosque del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Golfito .............................................................................................. 38 Comparación del daño causado por herbívoros y patógenos entre especies de plantas nativas e introducidas.................................................................................................. 45 Variación en la diversidad y abundancia de abejas melipóninas muertas en flores de Spathodea campanulata Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) en relación a la distancia del bosque ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Distribución de Morfotipos de Psychotria elata (Rubiaceae) en la parcela experimental de La Gamba, Golfito, Costa Rica............................................................................... 59 Observaciones de la fenología de los árboles del bosque de Golfito.......................... 64 El perfil idealizado del bosque en la parcela de La Fila del Naranjal .......................... 70 Variación en la diversidad y abundancia del zooplancton marino según el sitio, el tipo de red y arrastre .......................................................................................................... 76 Densidad y características morfométricas de Anadara tuberculosa y A. similis (Bivalvia: Arcidae) en tres manglares de Golfito ......................................................... 84 ¿Existe un efecto de competencia inter e intraespecífica en la selección de sitios para construcción de telas? Un caso de estudio con telas de arañas en el mantillo .......... 96 ¿Dónde construyen las arañas sus telas cerca o lejos del tronco? .......................... 101 Estudio de la calidad del agua en tres quebradas en Golfito y el efecto del sustrato y la técnica de colecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos ............................................ 107 Influencia del microhábitat y el sitio en la abundancia y diversidad de la familia Passalidae en el bosque de la Gamba y el del Naranjal (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) ................................................................................................................................... 118 Territorialidad y función de la posición sobre hojas en Archisepsis sp. (Diptera: Sepsidae) .................................................................................................................. 125 Uso de puentes naturales y sustratos de forrageo por Atta cephalotes (Hymenooptera: Formicidae)................................................................................................................ 130 Efecto del uso de puentes en los senderos sobre la velocidad de forrajeo de Atta sp ................................................................................................................................... 134 Influencia de la corriente y disponibilidad de alimento en la abundancia de chinches patinadoras (Hemiptera: Gerridae)............................................................................ 142 Diversidad de la herpetofauna según la disponibilidad de agua ............................... 148 Herpetofauna de mantillo comparando un bosque y un cacaotal, durante seis años160 Selección de la palma Asterogyne martiana por el murciélago Artibeus watsoni (Phyllostomidae) para la construcción de tiendas ..................................................... 165 Trabajos Individuales .................................................................................................... 171 Diversidad de Basidiomycetes descomponedores de madera en El Naranjal y La Gamba....................................................................................................................... 172 2 Determinación de la variabilidad morfológica y de la función de las gambas en especies forestales de la Fila La Gamba del Refugio de Vida Silvestre de Golfito... 183 Comparación de la diversidad y densidad de plantas en cuatro derrumbes de diferentes edades y su relación con la sucesión ....................................................... 192 Preferencias de las aves polinizadoras al comparar Zingiberales nativas y la especie exótica Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae) ................................................................... 206 Distribución de las flores y los frutos en el sotobosque de la parcela Forestal La Gamba....................................................................................................................... 214 Efecto de la distancia al adulto más cercano en la supervivencia de plántulas de Iriartea deltoidea (Arecaceae) ................................................................................... 219 Incidencia de un patógeno foliar fúngico en plántulas de Peltogyne purpurea Pittier (Caesalpinaceae) en relación con la cercanía a los adultos y la densidad de plántulas. ................................................................................................................................... 227 Aspectos demográficos de Carapa nicaraguensis (Meliaceae) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Golfito ............................................................................................ 236 Distribución de morfotipos florales y éxito reproductivo en una población de Psychotria solitudinum Standl. (Rubiaceae)................................................................................ 245 Influencia del relleno de la nueva marina de Golfito en la comunidad bentónica de poliquetos (Polychaeta, Annelida) del manglar de Llano Bonito .............................. 251 Estructura y complejidad de telas de adultos y juveniles de Wendilgarda sp (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae).................................................................................................... 263 Comportamiento territorial de Anartia fatima (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en un parche de Asteraceae ........................................................................................................... 270 Las decisiones que toma una abeja Euglossina (Hymeonoptera: Apideae) durante el día: las horas, colores y fragancias que prefieren..................................................... 278 Evaluación del efecto antropogénico sobre la preferencia de recursos de cuatro géneros de peces de agua dulce .............................................................................. 286 Distribución y preferencia de sitio de la sardina de río, Astyanax aeneus (Characidae) en una quebrada ....................................................................................................... 297 Efecto de factores bióticos y abióticos en la selección de pozas por renacuajos de Smilisca sordida y Rhinella marina............................................................................ 305 Influencia del tamaño en el canto Smilisca sordida y reconocimiento de individuos según patrón de coloración dorsal ............................................................................ 313 Dispersión de semillas por aves y murciélagos bajo árboles aislados, áreas abiertas y el borde del bosque................................................................................................... 324 Comportamiento y sitios de forrajeo de machos y hembras del pájaro carpintero Melanerpes chrysauchen (Picidae) ........................................................................... 332 Abundancia, uso de sustrato y forrajeo agrupado de aves limícolas en una playa lodosa intermareal ..................................................................................................... 340 3 Presentación del curso Biología de Campo es un curso diseñado especialmente para estudiantes de grado de la Escuela de Biología de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Este tiene como principal objetivo introducir el trabajo de campo en los trópicos. La metodología radica en enseñar cómo formular preguntas, enfrentando el desarrollo adecuado de diseños experimentales, así como al análisis e interpretación de la información. La filosofía del curso es el desarrollo de proyectos cortos en historia natural sin dejar de lado el diseño de estudios a largo plazo. Por novena vez se desarrolla el curso en la región de Golfito, desde el 9 de enero al 6 de febrero del 2008. Golfito continua demostrando ser una
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