DOCSLIB.ORG

Land Politics in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: Dynamics of Property, Identity and Authority

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Land Politics in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: Dynamics of Property, Identity and Authority Land Politics in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: Dynamics of Property, Identity and Authority Fariba Alamgir A thesis submitted to the School of International Development, University of East Anglia, and to the Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, in partial fullfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. September 2017 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. i Abstract Studies have revealed intense competition over land in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. This study examines land dispute processes within and between hill people (Chakma Community) and Bengali settlers (who migrated through government initiated settlement program in 1979) in CHT. By understanding property, identity and authority as relational; my study explores mutually constitutive processes between property and authority relations, and between property and identity relations. It investigates how property in land is claimed and defined in the context of dynamic authority relation in land control, multiple categorisations and identity claims in CHT. By carrying out a historical analysis of state-making, I argue that CHT remains a frontier because of- the distinctive legal and administrative systems, ambivalence in property system, ongoing processes of reconfiguration of institutional arrangements in land control and state’s territorial strategies to control its population and space. The study employs an ethnographic approach and data are collected by engaging with disputants, institutional actors, academics, members of political organizations and civil society. Working across communities has enabled to encompass differences in narratives, practices and claims based on varied rules, sources of authority, history and identities. Dispute processes reveal that competing property claims are based on various norms (customary and statutory), varieties of land documents (formal and informal) and wide number of authority sources (formal and informal). Property rules (statutory and customary) are negotiated, continuously interpreted and reinterpreted through practices and claim-making. The findings show that in different kinds of disputes (within and between communities), there are different sets of authorities involved in recognising property in land. The study draws out various political constellation of institutions and authority relations that are formed through competition for authorising land relation. State institutions- bureaucratic, judiciary, regional government, traditional institutions, military authorities; and non-state authorities (political parties, leaders, brokers), all partake and compete in the process of constitution of property relation in ‘post’ conflict/mid conflict zone, suggesting that state-making or control over land/territory and property claims as an active and contested process. While the state rules and institutional competition for authority matter in shaping dispute processes, this study finds that land contestations are evolving through contestation over dakhal i.e. physical or forceful occupation of land, which depends on local authority structure for endorsement, individual’s/disputant’s position in the local power structure, proximity of the army camp and people’s ability to exist on the ground by taking certain strategies and actions. The research findings show that identity formation and social positioning play significant roles in competition over land. Struggle over recognition of property in land is intricately linked to people’s struggle for recognition of certain identities. Religious identities of Chakmas (Buddhist) and Bengalis (Muslim) are increasingly becoming stronger. Besides, religious identities are mobilised in relation to contestation over land. The study provides an account of recurrent and interrelated processes of constitution of property, authority and identity relations in a frontier region, which has also been at the margin of the state historically. In the absence of tenure security, the existing stalemate situation regarding the formalisation process and non-recognition of customary land rights of hill people, it is crucial to understand existing land relations in order to plan and implement development policies, particularly those related to land and forest in CHT. My research has taken a novel approach in studying land conflicts by investigating the making of property, authority and identity relations in a contested territory. It contributes to existing knowledge regarding land relations and related processes of authority and identity formation in CHT, and in regions that can be characterised as frontiers or at the margin of the state. ii Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to my supervisors Dr. Ben Jones, Dr. Christian Lund and Dr. Thomas Sikor for guiding me throughout all stages of this ‘research’ journey. They gave all necessary guidance while letting me shape up my work. At every stage of my work they trusted me and my capacity. They are excellent academics, compassionate and amazing supervisors. I dedicate my thesis to my supervisors – Dr. Ben Jones, Dr. Christian Lund and Dr. Thomas Sikor. I am enormously grateful to all those who helped me through my fieldwork in CHT. The fieldwork worked out like a magic, because of the people I met in CHT. I remember many participants’ faces, their voices and their kindness. I tried hard to make them part of this thesis by incorporating what I learnt from them. I specially thank my host families in Khagrachhari and all the gate-keepers. I would also like to thank the institutional actors at the district level, particularly the Additional District Magistrate and Judge at Joint District Judge Court, for taking interest in my work and giving their time. I want to acknowledge the valuable contribution made by two research assistants who were really engaged in collecting data and discussing about it. I am immensely thankful to examiners – Dr. Willem van Schendel, Dr. Vasudha Chhotray and Dr. Ole Mertz for thoroughly examining my thesis, for the engaging discussion during my viva examination and for their very constructive comments. Their comments helped to improve several sections of this thesis subsentially. I am thankful to my beautiful friends at the University of East Anglia. I feel very lucky to have them to take this journey together. I am also thankful to my wonderful colleagues at the University of Copenhagen. The comradeship I have experienced with my colleagues at both universities is truly precious and amazing. I would spcially like to thank- Mona, Alessandro, Jomkwan, Hussam, Mamata, Ari, Rony and Rebecca for their friendship and support. I express my gratitude to all my housemates in Norwich and Copenhagen who made me feel being at home. Special thanks to Georgios Papadopoulos who was extremely helpful and supportive during the final months before submission and till the end. A heartfelt thanks to Anna Magyar for proof reading the thesis. It goes without saying that my eternal thanks go to my ma- Nabuat Islam and baba- Faruque Alamgir! They always enthusiastically supported me in my every academic endeavour with full confidence. This research is as important to them as it is to me. I would not have embarked on doing this (or any) research and couldn’t have come this far without them. I want to thank my sisters –Fahreen Alamgir and Faria Irina Alamgir and my brother – A.K.M Masud Ali for always being there and doing their best to help me to go through the entire process. My brother never got tired in all these years to help me with this reasearch. He helped me with my fieldwork, read numerous drafts of chapters, gave valuable insights and encouraged me whenever I was scared or stressed. I cannot think of how I would have completed this PhD without him. Finally, I would like to thank the University of Copenhagen, the University of East Anglia and the Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies (FURS) for funding my research. iii Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………...ii Acknowledgements…………………………………………......iii Acronyms…………………………………………………….....v Glossary………………………………………………………...vi List of Maps……………………………………………………vii List of Tables………………………………………………........vii List of Figures…………………………………………………..vii List of Annex…………………………………………………....vii Table of Contents…………………………………………….... 1 iv Acronyms AC Land Assistant Commissioner ( Land Office at sub-district level) ADM Additional District Magistrate AL Awami League BNP Bangladesh Nationalist Party BGB Border Guard Bangladesh CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CHTRC CHT Regional Council DC Deputy Commissioner HDC Hill District Council OC Officer in-Charge (of a police station) JI Jamaat –e- Islami LDRC Land Disputes Resolution Commission PCJSS Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (JSS in short)/ Chittagong Hill Tracts Peoples’ Solidarity Association TNO Thana Nirbahi Officer (Sub-district Executive Officer) VDP Village Defence Party UPDF United People’s Democratic Front USF Unclassed State Forests v Glossary Amin Surveyor at the Land Office Bichar/salish-bichar Trial or negotiation meeting at the informal-village court Dakhal Possession or forceful occupation over land Dalal Land broker or middleman Dan-kabala Gift deed Jarip Survey Jum Shifting cultivation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2016-17 CONTENTS
    Annual Report 2016-17 CONTENTS Introduction 03 Vision & Mission 04 Our Values 05 Transmittal Letter 06 Notice of the 11th Annual General Meeting 07 Corporate Information 08-09 Board of Directors Prole 10-15 Management Team 17 Chairman's Message 18-19 Message from the Managing Director 20-21 Comparative Graphical Presentation 22-23 Board of Directors' Report (English Version) 24-30 Board of Directors' Report (Bengali Version) 31-36 Annexure to Directors' Report 37-46 Audit Committee Report 47 Value Added Statement 48 Statutory Auditors' Report along with Financial Statements 49-84 Certicates 85-88 Events Album 89-93 News Board 94 Form of Proxy 95-96 02 Annual Report 2016-17 GOD FEARING PLAIN LIVING HIGH THINKING "In the beginning God created man" and after thousand years of intelligence, precision, hard work and innovation, man created steel - one of the greatest innovations of all time. This super-strong, carbonized and alloyed form of iron is an element without which modern life is literally unimaginable. From skyscrapers and planes to syringes and forks, steel is an essential part of our everyday life. GPH ispat ltd. One of the leaders of Bangladesh in manufacturing steel promises a super strong future and economy with its world class products. Not only structural bar, but GPH Ispat Ltd is also one of the producers of low & medium carbon and low alloy steel billets in Bangladesh, the main ingredients of manufacturing graded steel bar. As GPH is ensuring the highest quality products in Bangladesh as per various international and national standards, GPH steel billets and bars are getting exported to other countries after nourishing national demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-Kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR A Collection of Open Access Books and Books and Monographs Monographs 2008 Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L. Curley Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Curley, David L., "Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal" (2008). A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs. 5. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Books and Monographs at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Table of Contents Acknowledgements. 1. A Historian’s Introduction to Reading Mangal-Kabya. 2. Kings and Commerce on an Agrarian Frontier: Kalketu’s Story in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 3. Marriage, Honor, Agency, and Trials by Ordeal: Women’s Gender Roles in Candimangal. 4. ‘Tribute Exchange’ and the Liminality of Foreign Merchants in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 5. ‘Voluntary’ Relationships and Royal Gifts of Pan in Mughal Bengal. 6. Maharaja Krsnacandra, Hinduism and Kingship in the Contact Zone of Bengal. 7. Lost Meanings and New Stories: Candimangal after British Dominance. Index. Acknowledgements This collection of essays was made possible by the wonderful, multidisciplinary education in history and literature which I received at the University of Chicago. It is a pleasure to thank my living teachers, Herman Sinaiko, Ronald B.
    [Show full text]
  • IPP: Bangladesh: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
    Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project (RRP BAN 42248) Indigenous Peoples Plan March 2011 BAN: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project Prepared by ANZDEC Ltd for the Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs and Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 March 2011) Currency unit – taka (Tk) Tk1.00 = $0.0140 $1.00 = Tk71.56 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADR – alternative dispute resolution AP – affected person CHT – Chittagong Hill Tracts CHTDF – Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Facility CHTRC – Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council CHTRDP – Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project CI – community infrastructure DC – deputy commissioner DPMO – district project management office GOB – Government of Bangladesh GPS – global positioning system GRC – grievance redress committee HDC – hill district council INGO – implementing NGO IP – indigenous people IPP – indigenous peoples plan LARF – land acquisition and resettlement framework LCS – labor contracting society LGED – Local Government Engineering Department MAD – micro agribusiness development MIS – management information system MOCHTA – Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This indigenous peoples plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 1 CONTENTS Page A. Executive Summary 3 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges of Islamic Da'wah in Bangladesh: the Christian
    IIUC STUDIES ISSN 1813-7733 Vol. – 4, December 2007 Published in April 2008 (p 87-108) Challenges of Islamic Da‘wah in Bangladesh: The Christian Missions and Their Evangelization Dr. Md. Yousuf Ali∗ Abu Sadat Nurullah∗∗ Abstract: Although Bangladesh is the second largest Muslim populated country in the world, there are several challenges of Islamic da‘wah here. The Christian mission, taking the opportunity of people’s poverty and distress, is evangelizing them through financial assistance and other means. The rapidly increasing number of conversion to Christianity among the tribal population is alarming. The missionary activities are spreading around the country, chiefly in the intellectual arena, in educational institutions, and in other aspects of life. The influence of it on the culture, education, religion and lifestyle of people results into converting people to the Christian ideology. Particularly the young generations are inclining towards this lucrative dogma of the new age. Media, both print and electronic, are propagating and claiming the banning of the da‘wah movement. In these situation, the Islamic da‘wah movements require to explore and implement new methodology to face the enormous challenges to prevent Bangladesh from becoming a Christian country in future. Keywords: Islamic da‘wah, Christian mission, and evangelization. Introduction: Bangladesh has the fourth largest concentration of Muslim populations in the world with a population of about 140 billion, of which 88 percent are Muslims. However, majority of the population (74 percent according to 2001 census) reside in rural area with lower economic condition and lowest standards of living. In fact, about half of the ∗ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, IIUM, Malaysia ∗∗ Student Department of Sociology and Anthropology, International Islamic University Malaysia IIUC Studies, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) 2010-2021
    Message General Economics Division, Planning Commission of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has prepared the National Sustainable Development Strategy 2010-21 (NSDS) to address a critical development aspiration of our time. We need to balance economic, social and environmental requirements of development in order to ensure “the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.” Despite our past achievements, a large population is still in poverty, unemployment and underemployment rate is still high. This strives achieving high growth so urgent that it is easy to downplay the right of the next generation to natural resources. But a large and growing population living in a relatively small geographical area which is increasingly pressurizing our environment – air, water and soil, dictates the urgency of sustainable development in the country. NSDS fulfils the twin objectives of formulating strategies to meet the challenges of economic, social and environmental sustainability faced by the economy as well as meeting international obligation of our country to global sustainable development principles and agenda. Meeting the sustainable development challenges will need raising the awareness and understanding of people of the challenges and coordinated efforts at the local, regional, national and global levels. The time frame of NSDS coincides with the Perspective Plan of Bangladesh 2010-2021which guides the economy towards its transition to a middle income economy by early next decade of this millennium. The Planning Commission will need to take necessary measures to mainstream the strategies of NSDS into national development planning processes.
    [Show full text]
  • An Economic Evaluation of Okra and Ash Gourd Vegetables in Gazipur and Chittagong Districts of Bangladesh
    AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF OKRA AND ASH GOURD VEGETABLES IN GAZIPUR AND CHITTAGONG DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH Major Professor: Dr. Joynal Abedin Name of the author: MD. Jahangir Kabir Reg. No.: 98-05-752 Year: 1999 Abstract This study was conducted in two villages, namely, Pajulia and Jobra under Gazipur sadar and Hat Hazari thana in Gazipur and Chittagong district, respectively. The specific objective of the study was to empirically measure the profitability of okra and ash gourd vegetables and compare the profitability of IPSA developed okra and other okra and to examine their productivity and resource use efficiency. Primary data were collected from 60 vegetables growers from selected villages during 1999. Tabular and some functional input-output analyses were done in this study. It was found that per hectare gross costs of production of okra stood at Tk.49379, and Tk.48306 while per hectare gross return, net return above gross costs and net return above cash costs were Tk.97100, and Tk. 10910, Tk.47721 and Tk.60794, Tk.68821, and Tk.81819 in Gazipur and Hat Hathazari, respectively. Similarly per hectare gross costs of production of ash gourd stood at Tk.52140, and Tk.50317 while per hectare gross return, net return above gross costs and net return above cash costs were Tk.79600, and Tk.83600, Tk.27460 and Tk.33283, Tk.44788 and Tk.51553, in Gazipur and Hat Hazari, respectively. The per hectare gross costs of production of IPSA okra stood at Tk.31809, while per hectare gross return, net return above gross costs and net return above cash costs were Tk.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Lasting Peace: Issues of the Implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord
    Building Lasting Peace: Issues of the Implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord Bushra Hasina Chowdhury Department of International Relations University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign August 2002 CONTENTS About the Author v Introduction 1 Part One The Geophysical and Demographic Setting 3 Geography of the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3 The Population of the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3 Part Two The History of the Conflict 5 British Period 5 Pakistan Period 6 Bangladesh Period 6 Part Three Political Responses of the Governments of Bangladesh (1972-2001) 7 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1972-1975) 7 Ziaur Rahman (1975-1981) 7 Justice Abdus Sattar (May 1981-March 1982) 8 Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1982-1990) 8 Khaleda Zia (1991-1996) 9 Sheikh Hasina (May 1996-2001) 9 Part Four Provisions of the CHT Accord of 1997 and Their Implementation Status 11 General 11 Hill District Local Government Council/Hill District Councils 12 Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council 18 Rehabilitation, General Amnesty, and Other Matters 21 Part Five The Process of Implementation of the Accord: Built-in Weaknesses 27 Part Six Recent Trends: Some Tentative Hypotheses 29 Part Seven Recommendations 31 Part Eight Concluding Remarks: In Search of Lasting Peace 33 iii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Bushra Hasina Chowdhury received her Masters in Social Science in International Relations from Dhaka University in 1996. She has been a lecturer there in the Department of International Relations since 1999. She has worked in Bangladesh on urban micro credit at the Shakti Foundation for Disadvantaged Women and worked on a country report assessment project on child disabilities in Bangladesh with UNICEF.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 01 Sept 03.Indd
    WEDNESDAY 3 SEPTEMBER 2014 • [email protected] • www.thepeninsulaqatar.com • 4455 7741 inside Stylish women FOOD are all wearing • Banishing the blues with healthy red again blueberry muffins P | 6 P | 5 ARCHAEOLOGY • A look through the history of Bahrain Fort In most places swimmers go out of their way to avoid sharks, P | 6 but wetsuit-clad tourists in Palau clamour to dive among the predators thanks to a pioneering conservation initiative that FILM has made them one of country’s main visitor attractions. • Battling biographies head to Toronto to win awards season hearts P | 8-9 HEALTH • Low-carb diets may beat low-fat options for weight loss, heart health P | 11 TECHNOLOGY • ‘Smart Buildings’ strategy put to test • Apps for the day P | 12 LEARN ARABIC SHARK Learn commonly • used Arabic words and their meanings TOURISM P | 13 2 PLUS | WEDNESDAY 3 SEPTEMBER 2014 COVER STORY Sharks off the menu and on the tourist trail in Palau By Neil Sands described as unprecedented by famed US marine example because of their special connection scientist Sylvia Earle, will cover 630,000sqkm with the ocean. n many places swimmers might prefer to (240,000 square miles), an area almost the size “The ocean is our way of life,” he said. “It avoid sharks, but wetsuit-clad tourists in of France. sustains and nurtures us, provides us with the Palau clamour to dive among the predators The architect of the ambitious plan is Palau basics of our Pacific island cultures, our very Ithanks to a pioneering conservation initiative President Tommy Remengesau, who said the ban identities.” that has made them one of the country’s main was needed to “let the ocean heal” after years of visitor attractions.
    [Show full text]
  • Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Project Environmetal
    DHAKA TRANSPORT COORDINATION BOARD MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS (MOC) GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH DHAKA URBAN TRANSPORT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMETAL IMPACT ASSESSEMENT STUDY FEBRUARY 2011 Prepared by Dhaka Transport Coordination Board PREPARATORY SURVEY ON DHAKA URBAN TRANSPORT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT STUDY (DHUTS) PHASE II ENVIRONMETAL IMPACT ASSESSEMENT STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents List of Abbreviations CHAPTER 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE MRT LNE 6 ................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 THE MRT LINE 6 LOCATION .............................................................................................. 1-2 1.3 PROJECT INITIATION .......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................... 1-4 1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................... 1-4 1.6 DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN UTTARA PHASE 3 PROJECT BY RAJUK ............................ 1-5 1.7 THE EXECUTING AGENCY OF THE PROJECT ................................................................ 1-5 CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 EIA System and Procedure set by DOE ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Points for Meeting with the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. May 1999
    Points for meeting with the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. May 1999 • Extend congratulations to the PM on being awarded the 1999 UNESCO Peace Prize. • Enquire about implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts accord and Ganges water-sharing treaty, and reaffirm willingness of UN system to assist in this regard. • Thank Bangladesh for its major contribution to PKOs. Apologize for UN arrears of over $16 m. -2- • Express appreciation for PM Hasina's efforts to defuse tensions in the region after the nuclear tests by India and Pakistan. Urge Bangladesh to ratify the CTBT as soon as possible. • Express hope that Government and opposition will work together effectively to strengthen democratic system and further economic growth. • Discuss progress in the UN's contribution to relief and rehabilitation effort following last year's flood. BRIEFING NOTE FOR THE SECRETARY-GENERAL'S MEETING WITH H.E. SHEIKH HASINA WAJED PRIME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH UNESCO Prize: On 1 April 1999, PM Sheikh Hasina was awarded the Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize by UNESCO (along with US Senator George Mitchell), in recognition of her work for ending a national conflict in Bangladesh. In December 1997, she signed a peace agreement with the Shanti Bahini to end the 25-year insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in south-eastern Bangladesh. • Bangladesh and the UN: Bangladesh is the second largest troop contributor and participates in seven PKOs. As of March 1999, UN owed Bangladesh $9.1 m. for troop contributions and $7.7 m. for contingent-owned equipment and other claims. • Bangladesh is the candidate for the non-permanent Asian seat on the Security Council starting in 2000, replacing Bahrain.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo-Bangladesh Relations
    ISSN 0971-9318 HIMALAYAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES (JOURNAL OF HIMALAYAN RESEARCH AND CULTURAL FOUNDATION) NGO in Special Consultative Status with ECOSOC, United Nations Vol. 7 Nos.3-4 July - December 2003 BANGLADESH SPECIAL Regimes, Power Structure and Policies in Bangladesh Redwanur Rahman Indo-Bangladesh Relations Anand Kumar India-Bangladesh Bilateral Trade: Issues and Concerns Indra Nath Mukherji Rise of Religious Radicalism in Bangladesh Apratim Mukarji Hindu Religious Minority in Bangladesh Haridhan Goswami and Zobaida Nasreen Situation of Minorities in Bangladesh Ruchira Joshi Conflict and the 1997 Peace Accord of Chittagong Hill Tracts Binalakshmi Nepram Demographic Invasion from Bangladesh Bibhuti Bhusan Nandy India and Bangladesh: The Border Issues Sreeradha Datta Bangladesh-Pakistan Relations Smruti S. Pattanaik HIMALAYAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES Editor : K. WARIKOO Assistant Editor : SHARAD K. SONI © Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation, New Delhi. * All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without first seeking the written permission of the publisher or due acknowledgement. * The views expressed in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of the Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation. SUBSCRIPTION IN INDIA Single Copy (Individual) : Rs. 200.00 Annual (Individual) : Rs. 400.00 Institutions : Rs. 500.00 & Libraries (Annual) OVERSEAS (AIRMAIL) Single Copy : US $ 15.00 UK £ 10.00 Annual (Individual) : US $ 30.00 UK £ 20.00 Institutions : US $ 50.00 & Libraries (Annual) UK £ 35.00 The publication of this journal (Vol.7, Nos.3-4, 2003) has been financially supported by the Indian Council of Historical Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Constituent Assembly Debates Official Report
    Volume VII 4-11-1948 to 8-1-1949 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DEBATES OFFICIAL REPORT REPRINTED BY LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI SIXTH REPRINT 2014 Printed by JAINCO ART INDIA, New Delhi CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA President : THE HONOURABLE DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD Vice-President : DR. H.C. MOOKHERJEE Constitutional Adviser : SIR B.N. RAU, C.I.E. Secretary : SHRI H.V. IENGAR, C.I.E., I.C.S. Joint Secretary : SHRI S.N. MUKERJEE Deputy Secretary : SHRI JUGAL KISHORE KHANNA Under Secretary : SHRI K.V. PADMANABHAN Marshal : SUBEDAR MAJOR HARBANS RAI JAIDKA CONTENTS ————— Volume VII—4th November 1948 to 8th January 1949 Pages Pages Thursday, 4th November 1948 Thursday, 18th November, 1948— Presentation of Credentials and Taking the Pledge and Signing signing the Register .................. 1 the Register ............................... 453 Taking of the Pledge ...................... 1 Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 453—472 Homage to the Father of the Nation ........................................ 1 [Articles 3 and 4 considered] Condolence on the deaths of Friday, 19th November 1948— Quaid-E-Azam Mohammad Ali Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 473—500 Jinnah, Shri D.P. Khaitan and [Articles 28 to 30-A considered] Shri D.S. Gurung ...................... 1 Amendments to Constituent Monday, 22nd November 1948— Assembly Rules 5-A and 5-B .. 2—12 Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 501—527 Amendment to the Annexure to the [Articles 30-A, 31 and 31-A Schedule .................................... 12—15 considered] Addition of New Rule 38V ........... 15—17 Tuesday, 23rd November 1948— Programme of Business .................. 17—31 Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 529—554 Motion re Draft Constitution ......... 31—47 Appendices— [Articles 32, 33, 34, 34-A, 35, 36, 37 Appendix “A” .............................
    [Show full text]