Examination of the Use of Online and Offline Networks by Housing Social Movement Organizations
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(EDEN) Conference Proceedings
European Distance and E-Learning Network (EDEN) Conference Proceedings EDEN Open Classroom 2011 Conference Never Waste a Crisis! Inclusive Excellence, Innovative Technologies and Transformed Schools as Autonomous Learning Organisations EDEN Open Classroom 2011 Conference Ellinogermaniki Agogi Athens, Greece 27-29 October 2011 ELECTRONIC PROCEEDINGS Edited by Sofoklis Sotiriou and András Szűcs on behalf of the European Distance and E-Learning Network European Distance and E-Learning Network, 2011 European Distance and E-Learning Network (EDEN) Conference Proceedings EDEN Open Classroom 2011 Conference Athens, Greece Published by the European Distance and E-Learning Network Editors: Sofoklis Sotiriou András Szűcs Editorial co-ordination: Anna Zoakou Anna Wagner EDEN Secretariat, c/o Budapest University of Technology and Economics H-1111 Budapest, Egry J. u. 1, Hungary Tel: (36) 1 463 1628, 463 2537 E-mail: mailto:[email protected] http://www.eden-online.org Conference organised in collaboration with Ellinogermaniki Agogi Copyright 2011 European Distance and E-Learning Network and the Authors All Rights Reserved No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owners. ISBN 978-963-87914-7-4 Acknowledgement and thanks are given to the Programme and Evaluation Committee Morte Flate Paulsen, President of EDEN, Professor of Online -
Media, Protest and Resistance in Authoritarian Contexts Media, Protest and Resistance in Authoritarian Contexts
APSA 2020 WORKING CONFERENCE PAPER Hashemi – Media, Protest and Resistance in Authoritarian Contexts Media, Protest and Resistance in Authoritarian Contexts Layla M. Hashemi, Ph.D. Public Policy George Mason University, 2020 [email protected] laymay.com Abstract Information communication technologies (ICTs) facilitate transnational connection, coordination and collaboration, which are essential for new social movements. At the same time, issues of access and censorship hinder social movement use of social media for mobilization. This paper examines how internet technology is used by social movements to discuss issues of identity, dignity and justice and to contest gender-based discriminatory laws. Through subtle everyday acts of protests, women contest state narratives by documenting their presence in both physical and virtual public spaces. Iranian women practice the art of presence, demonstrating social media activism’s ability to circumvent censorship and facilitate public discourse regarding controversial issues under repressive contexts. This study collects and analyzes data from Twitter and other social networking platforms to investigate the evolution of digital campaigns and relates these cases to the long-standing tradition of Iranian women’s voices with a focus on the critical role of the camera and user generated content in art and daily life. Keywords: social movements; social media; internet studies; information communication technology; computational social science; Iran; gender; human rights DRAFT WORKING PAPER Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 2020 1 “Where there is power there is resistance” - Michel Foucault Information communication technologies (ICTs) facilitate transnational connection, coordination and collaboration, which are essential for new social movements. At the same time, issues of access and censorship hinder social movement use of social media for mobilization. -
Slacktivists Or Activists?: Identity Work in the Virtual Disability March
Slacktivists or Activists?: Identity Work in the Virtual Disability March Hanlin Li 1, 2 , Disha Bora 1 , Sagar Salvi 1 , Erin Brady 1 1 IUPUI, Indianapolis, USA, 2 Northwestern University, Evanston, USA [email protected], {dishbora, salvis, brady}@iupui.edu ABSTRACT Protests are important social forms of activism, but can be inaccessible to people with disabilities. Online activism, like the 2017 Disability March, has provided alternative venues for involvement in accessible protesting and social movements. In this study, we use identity theory as a lens to understand why and how disabled activists engaged in an online movement, and its impact on their self-concepts. We interviewed 18 disabled activists about their experiences with online protesting during the Disability March. Respondents’ identities (as both disabled individuals and as activists) led them to organize or join the March, evolved alongside the group’s actions, and were reprioritized or Figure 1: A poster held at an in-person march recognizing strained as a result of their involvement. Our findings people with disabilities who could not attend. Posted on describe the values and limitations of this activism to our Facebook; used with permission. respondents, highlight the tensions they perceived about discrimination against people with disabilities when they their activist identities, and present opportunities to support apply for or use federal services. further accessibility and identity changes by integrating technology into their activist experiences. However, in-person activism remains inaccessible for many people with disabilities. Activities such as marches, rallies, Author Keywords and town hall meetings often introduce environmental, Social media; activism; accessibility; identity theory. -
Introduction to Social Network Analysis May 2017
engage@liverpool Introduction to Social Network Analysis May 2017 Paul Hepburn engage@liverpool • What is SNA? Definition(s) Theory or method Introduction toHistory Social of development Network Analysis Basic24 concepts May 2017 • Applied use Examples of how it has been useful - issuesPaul of mixedHepburn methods, temporality Example from my own research • Next steps? What is SNA? • Underpinned by Graph Theory but influenced by other disciplines • Graph theory allows mathematical manipulation of sociograms • A graph (or sociogram) is a set of vertices (nodes, points) and a set of lines (arcs, edges) between pairs of nodes • A NETWORK consists of a graph and additional information on the nodes or lines of the graph. What is SNA • Or a NETWORK is simply a relationship between objects which could be people, organisations, nations, Google search, or brain cells. • We study at a basic level a number of points (or ‘nodes’) that are connected by links. Generally in social network analysis, the nodes are people and the links are any social connection between them • We are interested in what passes, and how it passes, through these networks – friendship, love, money, power, ideas, and even disease • The basic unit of analysis is not the individual (gender, ethnicity etc.) – it is the connections they are embedded in What is SNA? History of SNA A number of diverse academic strands have shaped, and continue to shape, the development of SNA Gestalt theory Field theory Group dynamics Structural functional anthropology Graph theory Harvard structuralists -
Automatic Generation of Social Network Data from Electronic-Mail Communications
Automatic Generation of Social Network Data from Electronic-Mail Communications Jason Yee1, Robert F. Mills, Gilbert L. Peterson, and Summer E. Bartczak Air Force Institute of Technology Abstract Most organizations have formal and informal elements. Formal structures are usually documented in organizational charts showing chain of command, levels of authority, and personnel resources. The actual effectiveness of the organization or specific individuals may actually depend on informal structures and internal communication networks. These are by definition personality-dependent and may provide significant insight into how work actually gets done within the organization. Effective leaders will want insight into these informal structures for various reasons. Inefficient decision-making or staffing processes may result in unnecessary or redundant communications, chokepoints, or single points of failure, each of which can either delay decisions or degrade the quality of those decisions. Further, sudden changes in the informal structures may indicate underlying stresses within the organization, interpersonal conflicts, or behavioral problems that may significantly disrupt the mission effectiveness or morale of the organization. Documenting these informal structures and networks can be achieved through a variety of means, often through personal interviews or direct observation, both of which are difficult and time consuming. In this paper, we describe a method of automatically generating social network data using electronic mail messaging logs. Performance is demonstrated using three months of real data from a medium sized organization. I. INTRODUCTION Interpersonal communication and behavior is important to the productivity and innovation of all organizations. Thus, any information or insight into understanding this communication and behavior is therefore very useful to an organization. -
From Sociometry to Pagerank
7. Calculating Networks: From Sociometry to PageRank Abstract This chapter ventures into the field of network algorithms, using the prehistory of Google’s PageRank algorithm to discuss yet another way to think about information ordering. The chapter shows how algorithmic ordering techniques exploit and integrate knowledge from areas other than information retrieval – in particular the social sciences and citation analysis – and demonstrates how the ‘politics’ of an algorithm can depend on small variations that lead to radically different outcomes. The context of web search means that the various techniques covered in the second part of the book are brought together into a shared application space, allowing for a more concrete return to earlier discussions of variation and combination in software. Keywords: PageRank, recursive status index, graph theory, sociometry, citation analysis While many of the algorithmic techniques behind ordering gestures such as ranking, filtering, or recommending have indeed been pioneered in the context of information retrieval, there are other sites of inception that inform technical and conceptual trajectories. This chapter traces the development of network algorithms and the application of graph theory to information ordering through the fields of sociometry and citation analysis and then explains how these elements made their way into information retrieval, becoming part of Google’s emblematic search engine. Network analysis has seen a stellar rise over the last two decades: network visualizations have become a common sight in and beyond academia, social network analysis has found its way into the core curriculum of the social sciences, and certain scholars have gone as far as to declare the advent of a ‘new science of networks’ (Barabási, 2002; Watts, 2004). -
Event-Driven Analysis of Crowd Dynamics in the Black Lives Matter Online Social Movement Hao Peng Ceren Budak Daniel M
Event-Driven Analysis of Crowd Dynamics in the Black Lives Matter Online Social Movement Hao Peng Ceren Budak Daniel M. Romero University of Michigan University of Michigan University of Michigan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Previous research studied various OSMs such as the 2010 Arab Online social movements (OSMs) play a key role in promoting Spring [28], the 2011 Egyptian Revolution [41, 50], the 2011 Occupy democracy in modern society. Most online activism is largely driven Wall Street [9, 20], through the lens of social media, mainly Twit- by critical offline events. Among many studies investigating collec- ter [2, 3, 22, 32, 40]. Topics they investigated range from participant tive behavior in OSMs, few has explored the interaction between motivation [44], movement framing [24, 43], informal learning [20], crowd dynamics and their offline context. Here, focusing on the to information diffusion [22, 28, 41]. There are also studies focus- Black Lives Matter OSM and utilizing an event-driven approach ing on crowd behavior in OSMs. Subjects they examined include on a dataset of 36 million tweets and thousands of offline events, recruitment process [23], user engagement [6, 9, 40], and online we study how different types of offline events—police violence and interactions [34], as well as the temporal evolution of crowd be- heightened protests—influence crowd behavior over time. We find havior [2, 4, 9, 11, 48]. Although these studies focus on different that police violence events and protests play important roles in the OSMs that were driven by very different political agendas, most of recruitment process. -
Social Network Analysis Measuring, Mapping, and Modeling Collections of Connections
CHAPTER 3 Social Network Analysis Measuring, Mapping, and Modeling Collections of Connections OUTLINE 3.1 Introduction 31 3.5.3 Clustering and Community Detection Algorithms 41 3.2 The Network Perspective 32 3.5.4 Structures, Network Motifs, and Social 3.2.1 A Simple Twitter Network Example 33 Roles 41 3.2.2 Vertices 34 3.2.3 Edges 34 3.6 Social Networks in the Era of Abundant 3.2.4 Network Data Representations 34 Computation 44 3.3 Types of Networks 36 3.7 The Era of Abundant Social Networks: 3.3.1 Full, Partial, and Egocentric Networks 36 From the Desktop to Your Pocket 46 3.3.2 Unimodal, Multimodal, and Affi liation 3.8 Tools for Network Analysis 47 Networks 36 3.3.3 Multiplex Networks 37 3.9 Node-Link Diagrams: Visually Mapping Social Networks 47 3.4 The Network Analysis Research and Practitioner Landscape 37 3.10 Common Network Analysis Questions Applied to Social Media 47 3.5 Network Analysis Metrics 39 3.11 Practitioner ’ s Summary 48 3.5.1 Aggregate Networks Metrics 40 3.5.2 Vertex-Specifi c Networks Metrics 40 3.12 Researcher ’ s Agenda 49 3.1 INTRODUCTION are primordial. Simply stated, a network is a collection of things and their relationships to one another. The Human beings have been part of social networks “ things ” that are connected are called nodes, vertices, since our earliest days. We are born and live in a world entities, and in some contexts people. The connections of connections. People connect with others through between the vertices are called edges, ties, and links. -
Progressive Social Movements and the Internet - Oxford Reference
2/12/2020 Progressive Social Movements and the Internet - Oxford Reference The Oxford Encyclopedia of Communication and Critical Cultural Studies Edited by Dana L. Cloud Publisher: Oxford University Press Print Publication Date: 2019 Print ISBN-13: 9780190459611 Published online: 2019 Current Online Version: 2019 eISBN: 9780190459635 Progressive Social Movements and the Internet Social Movements in Communication Studies Communication scholars have offered significant insight and provocation to the study of social movements. The praxis that results from the application of critical theory to the study of communication and social change allows scholars to document the role of rhetoric, symbols, media, and other communicative tools in social control, stagnation, protest, and revolution (Bowers, Ochs, Jensen, & Schulz, 2009). Early scholars of critical theory including Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno of the Frankfurt School highlighted the way economic and political elites control and limit the terms of debate in the public sphere through control of language and media (Boikos, Moutsoulas, & Tsekeris, 2014; Durham & Kellner, 2009). These scholars observed that communication plays a central role in the cultural and political hegemony that prevents the masses from collectively overthrowing those in power. Through dominant communication and the resulting naturalization of dominant ideologies, the masses consent to social hierarchies and inequalities. While this work draws heavily from Karl Marx’s 19th-century observations of class exploitation and Antonio Gramsci’s subsequent theorizations of cultural hegemony, they continue to be applied by communication scholars to understand a range of questions related to power and inequality in late-capitalist societies. Critical communication scholars also highlight the potentials of political resistance made possible through communication and developed analytical frameworks for theorizing power and counterpower. -
Introduction to the Internet and Web
Introduction to the Internet and Web UWRTI@2018 Internet • It is the largest network in the world that connects hundreds of thousands of individual networks all over the world. • The popular term for the Internet is the “information highway”. • Rather than moving through geographical space, it moves your ideas and information through cyberspace – the space of electronic movement of ideas and information. UWRTI@2018 Internet No one owns it It has no formal management organization. As it was originally developed by the Department of defense, this lack of centralization made it less vulnerable to wartime or terrorist attacks. To access the Internet, an existing network need to pay a small registration fee and agree to certain standards based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) . UWRTI@2018 The uses of the Internet • Send e-mail messages. • Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between computers. • Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups. • Surfing the web. UWRTI@2018 What is Web? • The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and graphic images. • It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information. • A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. • The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called the site’s home page. UWRTI@2018 How to access the Internet? • Many schools and businesses have direct access to the Internet using special high-speed communication lines and equipment. -
The Role of Social Media During Social Movements – Observations from the #Metoo Debate on Twitter
Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2020 The Role of Social Media during Social Movements – Observations from the #metoo Debate on Twitter Felix Brünker Magdalena Wischnewski Milad Mirbabaie Judith Meinert University of Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen [email protected] magdalena.wischnewski@ [email protected] [email protected] uni-due.de Abstract and the role of specific actors within these movements [38]. However, these pieces have so far not been put In recent years, the development of information together. Less is known about the specific content that communication technologies (ICT) such as social is shared by specific user groups. Yet, to broaden the media changed the way people communicate and understanding of social movements on social media, it engage in social movements. While conventional is crucial to understand the dynamics of movements were fought in the streets, social media communication among distinct groups participating in enabled movements to take place online. In this paper, a social movement on social media. we aim to investigate the role of social media during We, therefore, examined one recent example of social movements which evolve online. Specifically, we such a social movement, that is the #metoo movement. examined Twitter communication during the #metoo We investigated which kinds of user roles were debate. To this end, we applied methods from social involved in sharing and publishing tweets related to the network analysis to identify influential users hashtag #metoo during the time from September 30, to participating during the debate. -
Intelligent Social Network
Intelligent Social Network Sandeep Kumar Sood Computer Science & Engineering Guru Nanak Dev University, India 1 Introduction During the past forty years, we have witnessed the realization of many of early researchers’ visions. We have seen computer system shrink in size and cost by several orders of magnitude. We have seen memories increase in storage capacity to the point where they match up with human brain’s storage capacity. We have seen the speed and reliability of system improve significantly. Similarly, Intelligent Social Network is one of the vision setup by the researchers for future. Social network is a communication means for likeminded individuals or organizations. When the information exchanged among different people is analysed to draw intelligence, it is referred as Intelligent Social Network. Different mathematical tools and software are designed and developed for Intelligent Social Network. Intelligent Social Network is a system of artificial intelligence to store large amount of information and process it at very high speeds which could emulate most of human abilities and capabilities. Intelligent Social Network is used to identify, represent, analyse, visualize or simulate nodes (e.g. agents, organizations, knowledge). It is a network analysis tool (software) that allow researchers to investigate representations of networks of different size ranging from small (e.g. families, project teams) to very large (e.g. Internet, disease transmission). Such kinds of tools provide mathematical and statistical routines that can be applied to the network model to draw intelligence. It is used for the visual representations of social networks that help to understand network data and analyse it according to the requirements.