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Vincent MP Bouchet to Cite This Version Dynamique et réponse fonctionnelle des foraminifères et de la macrofaune benthique en zone ostreicole dans les pertuis charentais Vincent M.P. Bouchet To cite this version: Vincent M.P. Bouchet. Dynamique et réponse fonctionnelle des foraminifères et de la macrofaune benthique en zone ostreicole dans les pertuis charentais. Planète et Univers [physics]. Université d’Angers, 2007. Français. tel-00345844v2 HAL Id: tel-00345844 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345844v2 Submitted on 5 Feb 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE D’ANGERS 2007 n°778 DYNAMIQUE ET REPONSE FONCTIONNELLE DES FORAMINIFERES ET DE LA MACROFAUNE BENTHIQUES EN ZONE OSTREICOLE DANS LES PERTUIS CHARENTAIS THESE DE DOCTORAT Sciences de la terre et de l’univers Spécialité : Environnements et Paléo-environnements côtiers ECOLE DOCTORALE D’ANGERS Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 27 juin 2007 à l’Université d’Angers par Mr Vincent M.P. Bouchet devant le jury ci-dessous : Mlle Evelyne GOUBERT (Rapporteur), Maître de conférence, Université de Bretagne Sud Mr Guy BACHELET (Rapporteur), Directeur de recherche CNRS, EPOC CNRS-Université de Bordeaux Mr Peter FRENZEL (Examinateur), Hochschuldozent, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Allemagne Mr Philippe GOULLETQUER (Examinateur), Cadre de recherche Ifremer, LERPC-La Tremblade Mr Jacques GRALL (Examinateur), Ingénieur de recherche, IUEM-ODC Brest Mr Frans JORISSEN (Examinateur), Professeur d’Université, BIAF Université d’Angers Directeur de thèse : Mr Jean-Pierre DEBENAY, Professeur d’Université, BIAF Angers - IRD Nouméa Co-encadrant : Mr Pierre-Guy SAURIAU, Chargé de recherche CNRS, CRELA Ifremer-CNRS-ULR Laboratoire des Bio-Indicateurs Fossiles et Actuels (BIAF, UPRES EA 2644 Université d’Angers) – 2 bld Lavoisier – 49045 ANGERS cedex Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés (CRELA, UMR 6217 CNRS- Ifremer-Université de La Rochelle) – place du séminaire BP 5 – 17137 L’HOUMEAU ED363 2 AVANT PROPOS Cette thèse n’aurait pu se réaliser sans le soutien financier de Angers Loire Métropole par une bourse de thèse de 11000 euros par an durant 3 années. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du programme national MOREST (MORtalités ESTivale de l’huître Crassostrea gigas) de l’Ifremer et du Programme Nationale d’Environnement Côtier chantier Baie Atlantique, La Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research est ici remerciée pour le prix de 1000 US$ octroyé pour participer au congrès FORAMS 2006 au Brésil. Le CNRS, l’Ifremer, le CRELA et le laboratoire BIAF ont aussi participé activement à la réussite de cette thèse. 3 4 Remerciements Je remercie les directeurs des deux laboratoires qui m’ont accueilli pendant cette thèse. Tout d’abord, le Dr Patrick Gentien, directeur de feu le CREMA (UMR 10 CNRS Ifremer) à L’Houmeau, remplacé ensuite par le Pr Gérard Blanchard, directeur de la nouvelle unité mixte de recherche CRELA à L’Houmeau et La Rochelle (UMR 6217 CNRS Ifremer ULR) depuis le 1er janvier 2006, pour m’avoir fourni un confort de travail non négligeable durant toute la thèse. Je remercie aussi le Pr Frans Jorissen, directeur du laboratoire BIAF (UPRES EA 2644) de l’université d’Angers, pour l’aide et l’accueil toujours sympathique que j’ai pu recevoir lors de mes visites à Angers. Merci aux membres du jury qui ont accepté d’évaluer cette thèse : - le Dr Evelyne Goubert de l’université de Bretagne Sud - le Dr Guy Bachelet du CNRS d’Arcachon - le Dr Peter Frenzel de la Friedrich-Schiller-Universität de Jena en Allemagne - le Dr Philippe Goulletquer de l’Ifremer de La Tremblade - le Dr Jacques Grall de l’université de Bretagne Occidentale - et le Pr Frans Jorissen de l’université d’Angers. Je me dois d’adresser mes remerciements sans limite aux pierres angulaires de cette thèse : mon directeur de thèse, le Pr Jean-Pierre Debenay du laboratoire BIAF (et maintenant néo-calédonien à l’IRD), et mon responsable scientifique, le Dr Pierre-Guy Sauriau du CRELA. Pierre-Guy fut présent sans relâche à L’Houmeau au jour le jour au cours de cette thèse, quand Jean-Pierre, à distance, garda un œil proche et avisé sur le déroulement de mon 5 Remerciements travail. Je ne remercierai jamais assez le jour où je me suis présenté au bureau de Pierre-Guy un jour de novembre 2000. Je suis votre « padawan » depuis maintenant presque 7 ans, et même si vous avez pesté contre moi à plusieurs reprises à juste titre, je ne peux que me réjouir de l’enseignement scientifique et humain que vous m’avez apporté. Je sais que je vous dois beaucoup. J’ai découvert plus personnellement Jean-Pierre lors d’un séjour de travail dans sa maison dans le sud de la France. Cela nous a permis de mieux nous connaître, et je peux dire aujourd’hui combien vos conseils et remarques distillés avec précision et parcimonie furent précieux pour ma formation et la qualité de mon travail. Je ne vais pas m’étendre plus sur mes deux chers encadrants, mais qu’ils soient ici remerciés très chaleureusement et sincèrement pour leur travail durant ces 3 années et demi (et ce n’est pas peu dire, car une question me trotte encore dans la tête : mais comment ont-ils fait pour supporter un énergumène comme moi ?). Après les encadrants, les autres intervenants essentiels au travail des thésards : les techniciens. Et à L’Houmeau question technicien, c’est vraiment la classe. Toujours disponibles, toujours souriants, prêts à se lever tôt pour partir sur le terrain, pour aider au labo ou créer un joli fond de carte. Un grand grand grand merci à Martine Bréret, Lucette Joassard, Françoise Mornet, Yves Descatoire, Gaël Guillou, Didier Leguay et Philippe Pineau (j’ai pensé très fort à vous depuis l’île Bourbon), Nicolas Lachaussée et Michel Prineau. Un grand merci à mes deux stagiaires qui ont vraiment fait du bon boulot : merci Julien et Edith, et bonne réussite à vous. Merci aux membres du CRELA et du laboratoire BIAF pour leur sympathie et pour les bons moments partagés (autour de midi, autour de la sardine party du labo, en congrès etc…). 6 Remerciements Merci aux autres doctorants de L’Houmeau (Caroline, Yves, Sandie, François, Pascal, Nathalie, Delphine, Steph, Chris, Pop pop, Elise, Pierre-Yves et Benoit) pour les moments de joie, de fête et de galère partagés tous ensemble pendant ces années. Un gros bisou aussi à nos deux post docs de charme Marion et Anne-Gaëlle. Une pensée particulière va à Caroline (de « Struski et Butch ») avec qui j’ai partagé des moments inoubliables dans notre fameux bureau (un bisou à tes petits bouts Nino et Imanol et à ton « grand » bout Oliv’), bon vent à vous en Normandie. Un grand merci aux remplaçants Sandie et Yves avec qui la bonne humeur est toujours présente. Un merci particulier à tous mes amis d’ici ou d’ailleurs, les moments partagés tous ensemble sont vraiment importants à mes yeux : Manu et Harold (partenaires à la Réu et à Mada, ces moments sont gravés à jamais en moi), Pop pop (mon ex-coloc pour le meilleur et…. pour le pire), Vasseur (un sérieux client au Squash, mais vas tu me laisser gagner un jour ?), la Marie et Sonny (« Oh Marie si tu savais » « Petite Marie je parle de toi », de Johnny ou de Francis je ne sais lequel choisir !!!!), Miss Elise (pas toujours d’accord mais on s’aime quand même), Zaza (t’as ta place de concert ?), Poireau et Laure (métro, boulot, dodo…..et puis « que la montagne est belle » comme disait Jean Ferrat), Guy et Aliénor (qui ne saute pas n’est pas saujonnais !!! Aliénor les massages c’est quand tu veux), Matteo (tranquille !!!!), JC (ouah le tombeur !!), Sandra (oh ouiiiiiiiiiiii maîtresse), Isa et Loic (le savoureux mélange de la Vendée et des Deux-Sèvres…… no comment), Dobia (un ami de 20 ans, et oui papa avant moi !!!! Profites bien de tes femmes mon pote, je suis vraiment heureux pour toi), Nico (allez l’OhaiMe !!!), Vincent (dit l’opticien dans les milieux autorisés), Olivier (bonne chance sur les terrains et dans la vie, comme quoi des fois ya des arbitres sympas en Comité Côte d’Argent !!!! non j’rigole), Perrine (l’Africaine), Nath, Carole. 7 Remerciements Un salut chaleureux à mes collègues et amis arbitres de rugby de mon cher secteur de La Rochelle : Hervé notre chef bien aimé, Jolivélo, La Bavure 1 et 2, Jo, Benoit, Mon PACS, Guru (hé oui il a joué contre Kirwan à Auckland), Gilles, Eric, Stéphane, TicTac, Dan et les autres. J’aurai une pensée émue pour Nono qui fut durement touché par le malheur ces derniers mois. Nous nous sommes tous soudés autour de toi, je pense souvent à toi mon pote. Je remercie pèle mêle le rugby, l’arbitrage, l’Euskadi, les bons repas, le bon vin, le Stade Rochelais, feu l’US Saujonnaise, le Stade Toulousain et notre Baptiste national, l’OM, la mer, la Charente Maritime, les tortues de terre, l’ile de la Réunion, Madagascar, le sport, le squash, les soirées entre copains, les moments partagés avec Christine, enfin voilà tout ce qui existe en parallèle de la thèse et qui est indispensable à ma vie de tous les jours. Un coucou à la famille Couturier (Jean, Nicole, Julie et tous les autres), vous m’avez réservé un accueil formidable.
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