DOCSLIB.ORG

Phenotypic Variability in the Caribbean Orange Icing Sponge Mycale Laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phenotypic Variability in the Caribbean Orange Icing Sponge Mycale Laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) Hydrobiologia DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0806-1 SPONGE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS Phenotypic variability in the Caribbean Orange Icing sponge Mycale laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) Tse-Lynn Loh • Susanna Lo´pez-Legentil • Bongkeun Song • Joseph R. Pawlik Received: 22 February 2011 / Accepted: 18 June 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Sponge species may present several mor- Aegogropila is polyphyletic and the subgenus Mycale photypes, but sponges that are morphologically similar is paraphyletic. All 4 morphotypes formed a mono- can be separate species. We investigated morpholog- phyletic group within Mycale, and no genetic differ- ical variation in Mycale laevis, a common Caribbean ences were observed among them. Spicule lengths did reef sponge. Four morphotypes of M. laevis have been not differ among the 4 morphotypes, but the dominant observed (1) orange, semi-cryptic, (2) orange, massive, megasclere in samples collected from Florida and the (3) white, semi-cryptic, and (4) white, massive. Bahamas was the strongyle, while those from Panama Samples of M. laevis were collected from Key Largo, had subtylostyles. Our data suggest that the 4 morpho- Florida, the Bahamas Islands, and Bocas del Toro, types constitute a single species, but further studies Panama. Fragments of the 18S and 28S rRNA would be necessary to determine whether skeletal ribosomal genes were sequenced and subjected to variability is due to phentotypic or genotypic plasticity. phylogentic analyses together with sequences obtained for 11 other Mycale species and additional sequences Keywords Porifera 18S rRNA 28S rRNA retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses con- Ribosomal DNA CaribbeanÁ MorphotypeÁ Á Á Á Á firmed that the genus Mycale is monophyletic within Genotype the Order Poecilosclerida, although the subgenus Introduction Ecological studies conducted in areas of high biodi- versity may sacrifice precision in lower-level taxon Guest editors: M. Maldonado, X. Turon, M. A. Becerro & M. J. Uriz / Ancient animals, new challenges: developments sampling in order to gain a broader understanding of in sponge research large-scale ecosystem processes. In community sur- veys, marine invertebrates are usually not completely T.-L. Loh (&) B. Song J. R. Pawlik identified to the species-level due to difficulties in Center for MarineÁ Science,Á University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, field identification or lack of resolution in available NC 28409, USA taxonomic keys (e.g., Chou et al., 2004; Micheli e-mail: [email protected] et al., 2005; Chapman et al., 2010). Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are a good example of a taxon sampled at S. Lo´pez-Legentil Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates), University low resolution in many community surveys. In the of Barcelona, 643, Diagonal Ave, Barcelona 08028, Spain widely used benthic survey methodologies employed 123 Hydrobiologia by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network the field may be separate species (Klautau et al., (GCRMN, http://www.gcrmn.org) and Reef Check 1999; Miller et al., 2001; Duran & Ru¨tzler, 2006; (http://www.reefcheck.org), coral reef sponges are Wulff, 2006a; Blanquer & Uriz, 2007; Blanquer classified into a single group (Wilkinson, 2008). et al., 2008). However, this single phylum is comprised of *7000 The Orange Icing Sponge Mycale laevis (Carter species (Hooper & Van Soest, 2002). Furthermore, 1882, Order Poecilosclerida, subgenus Mycale) ranks sponges are important members of the aquatic eco- as one of the 10 most common sponges on Caribbean systems they inhabit, both in terms of abundance and coral reefs (Pawlik et al., 1995), and has been ecosystem function, they compete for space with reported as a common associate of scleractinian other benthic organisms, they are dominant suspen- corals (Goreau & Hartman, 1966; Hill, 1998). As is sion feeders, and they provide habitat for a large and often observed for other sponge species, M. laevis has diverse number of other invertebrates (Corredor et al., more than one growth form. It has been described as 1988; Pile et al., 1996; Diaz & Rutzler, 2001; Henkel both semi-cryptic, a thinly encrusting form with & Pawlik, 2005; Southwell et al., 2008). Given their most of the biomass growing under coral or other ecological importance, why are sponges seldom hard substrata (Fig. 1a; Wulff, 1997), and massive, a identified to the level of species in the field? fleshy, apparent form that grows on the upper surface The process of identifying sponge species can be of substrata (Fig. 1b; Randall & Hartman, 1968; difficult. Sponge identification is based on morpho- Wulff, 2006b). On reefs off Bocas del Toro, Panama logical attributes such as color, size and shape, the and the Bahamas Islands, a white morph of M. laevis presence, and arrangement of the spiculate and has also been described (Fig. 1c, d; Collin et al., fibrous skeleton, and most particularly, spicule type 2005). This white morphotype is more common than and size. This presents a challenge as sponges are the orange on some reefs at Bocas del Toro, exhibits morphologically plastic, often have different color both encrusting and fleshy forms (observed at the morphs, and can change in shape and size due to Bahamas Islands and Panama, respectively), and environmental conditions (Palumbi, 1986) or biotic frequently grows in association with corals in the factors such as predation (Loh & Pawlik, 2009). same manner as the orange morphotype (Loh per- Spicule morphology, by far the most important sonal observation). The white morphotype is super- character state, can also vary among different habitats ficially similar to the orange, having a compressible and growing conditions (Hooper, 1985; McDonald texture, a rough external surface, and osculae ringed et al., 2002). Furthermore, sponges can incorporate by thin membranous collars with vertical white lines abiotic materials from the environment or spicules (Collin et al., 2005). from other sponges into their skeletons (Sollas, 1908; In this study, we investigated genetic differences Teragawa, 1986; Hooper & Van Soest, 2002). among 4 morphotypes of M. laevis using partial 18S Conversely, sponges that look almost identical in and 28S rRNA ribosomal gene sequences. Samples Fig. 1 The four morphotypes of Mycale laevis: a orange, semi-cryptic, b orange, massive, c white, massive, d white semi-cryptic 123 Hydrobiologia were collected from the coral reefs off Key Largo, collected between 2007 and 2010 and immediately Florida, Bocas del Toro, Panama, and the Bahamas preserved in 95–100% ethanol, frozen at -20°C, or Islands. In addition, we sequenced 11 species of freeze-dried. All samples were then stored at -20°C Mycale, and retrieved 5 other sequences from Gen- until they were extracted. bank to perform phylogenetic analyses and determine Caribbean species were identified by comparing the taxonomic status of the 4 morphotypes of morphological and spicule characters with Hajdu & M. laevis. We also examined spicule morphology Rutzler (1998) and with the sponge voucher collec- and diversity and calculated spicule dimensions to tion at the Bocas Research Station of the Smithsonian compare among the 4 morphotypes of M. laevis. Tropical Research Institute (specimens submitted by C. Diaz and R. Thacker). Other Mycale species were identified by their respective collectors. Materials and methods DNA extraction and sequencing Sample collection DNA was extracted using the Puregene kit (Gentra When possible, three samples of each morphotype of Systems). The most commonly genetic markers used M. laevis were collected from each of the study sites to investigate taxonomic and phylogenetic issues in where they occurred (Table 1). The orange semi- sponges are the 18S and 28s rRNA genes, and the cryptic morphotype was present at all the sites, while mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI). the orange massive morphotype was found only at Here, we designed the primer set 18sMycale01F Bocas del Toro. The white semi-cryptic morphotype 50-ATAACTGCTCGAACCGTATGGCCT-30 and was collected at Tuna Alley reef, Bahamas (2 18SMycale01R 50-AAACGCTAACATCCACCGAT samples), while the white massive morphotype was CCCT-30 based on an 18S rRNA sequence of found only at Bocas del Toro. For our 3 sampling M. fibrexilis available from GenBank (AF100946) locations, the massive morphotypes (both orange and to amplify a fragment of 786 bp from the 18S rRNA white), were only found at Bocas del Toro. gene. However, no amplification could be obtained One to three samples of the following 11 Mycale for the species M. lingua, M. parishi, Mycale cf. species were collected and added to the analysis of lingua, Mycale sp. J57, 1 sample of the orange samples of M. laevis to enhance phylogenetic tree massive morphotype, and all white morphotypes of resolution: M. lingua (Bowerbank 1866, collected in M. laevis, with the 18S rRNA primers described Norway by P. Cardenas) and M. grandis (Gray 1867, above. Amplification was finally obtained with the Singapore, S. C. Lim) from the subgenus Mycale; primer set 18sMycale02F 50-CAACGGGTGACG M. sulevoidea (Sollas 1902, Singapore, S. C. Lim), GAGAATTA-30 and 18sMycale02R 50-TTTCAG M. adhaerens (Lambe 1893, Hong Kong, Y. H. Wong CCTTGCGACCATACTC-30, which was designed and P. Y. Qian), and M. carmigropila (Hajdu & based on the consensus sequence of the poecilosclerid Rutzler, 1998, Panama, T. L. Loh) from the subgenus library available at GenBank. Amplification of a Aegogropila; M. parishi (Bowerbank 1875, Singa- fragment from the 28S rRNA gene
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indirect Effects of Overfishing on Caribbean Reefs: Sponges Overgrow Reef-Building Corals
    Indirect eVects of overfishing on Caribbean reefs: sponges overgrow reef-building corals Tse-Lynn Loh1,∗, Steven E. McMurray1, Timothy P. Henkel2, Jan Vicente3 and Joseph R. Pawlik1 1 Department of Biology and Marine Biology and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA 2 Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, USA 3 Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environ- mental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA ∗ Current aYliation: Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA ABSTRACT Consumer-mediated indirect eVects at the community level are diYcult to demonstrate empirically. Here, we show an explicit indirect eVect of overfishing on competition between sponges and reef-building corals from surveys of 69 sites across the Caribbean. Leveraging the large-scale, long-term removal of sponge predators, we selected overfished sites where intensive methods, primarily fish-trapping, have been employed for decades or more, and compared them to sites in remote or marine protected areas (MPAs) with variable levels of enforcement. Sponge-eating fishes (angelfishes and parrotfishes) were counted at each site, and the benthos surveyed, with coral colonies scored for interaction with sponges. Overfished sites had >3 fold more overgrowth of corals by sponges, and mean coral contact with sponges was 25.6%, compared with 12.0% at less-fished sites. Greater contact with corals by sponges at overfished sites was mostly by sponge species palatable to sponge preda- tors. Palatable species have faster rates of growth or reproduction than defended sponge species, which instead make metabolically expensive chemical defenses.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the US Caribbean to Address Required Provisions of the Magnu
    Comprehensive Amendment to the Fishery Management Plans (FMPs) of the U.S. Caribbean to Address Required Provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act: • Amendment 2 to the FMP for the Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands • Amendment 1 to FMP for the Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands • Amendment 3 to the FMP for the Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands • Amendment 2 to the FMP for the Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Including Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Regulatory Impact Review, and Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis 24 May 2005 Caribbean Fishery Management Council 268 Munoz Rivera Avenue, Suite 1108 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00918-2577 (787) 766-5926 (Phone); (787) 766-6239 (Fax) http://www.caribbeanfmc.com National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Regional Office 263 13th Avenue South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 (727) 824-5305 (Phone); (727) 824-5308 (Fax) http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov Table of Contents Tables and Figures in Appendix A ............................................... vi Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................... viii Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) Cover Sheet ..................... ix Comments and Responses to DSEIS. x 1 Summary ..............................................................1 1.1 Description of alternatives ...........................................1 1.2 Environmental consequences
    [Show full text]
  • Defenses of Caribbean Sponges Against Predatory Reef Fish. I
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 127: 183-194.1995 Published November 2 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency Joseph R. Pawlikl,*,Brian Chanasl, Robert J. ~oonen',William ~enical~ 'Biological Sciences and Center for Marine Science Research. University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403-3297, USA 2~niversityof California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla. California 92093-0236. USA ABSTRACT: Laboratory feeding assays employing the common Canbbean wrasse Thalassoma bifas- ciatum were undertaken to determine the palatability of food pellets containing natural concentrations of crude organic extracts of 71 species of Caribbean demosponges from reef, mangrove, and grassbed habitats. The majority of sponge species (69%) yielded deterrent extracts, but there was considerable inter- and intraspecific vanability in deterrency. Most of the sponges of the aspiculate orders Verongida and Dictyoceratida yielded highly deterrent extracts, as did all the species in the orders Homoscle- rophorida and Axinellida. Palatable extracts were common among species in the orders Hadromerida, Poecilosclerida and Haplosclerida. Intraspecific variability was evident, suggesting that, for some spe- cies, some individuals (or portions thereof) may be chemically undefended. Reef sponges generally yielded more deterrent extracts than sponges from mangrove or grassbed habitats, but 4 of the 10 most common sponges on reefs yielded palatable extracts
    [Show full text]
  • Photographic Identification Guide to Some Common Marine Invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama
    Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 41, No. 3, 638-707, 2005 Copyright 2005 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez Photographic Identification Guide to Some Common Marine Invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama R. COLLIN1,M.C.DÍAZ2,3,J.NORENBURG3,R.M.ROCHA4,J.A.SÁNCHEZ5,A.SCHULZE6, M. SCHWARTZ3, AND A. VALDÉS7 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama. 2Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard El Paseo, Boca del Rio, Peninsula de Macanao, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. 3Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA. 4Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, CP 19020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. 5Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E No 18A – 10, Bogotá, Colombia. 6Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA. 7Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. This identification guide is the result of intensive sampling of shallow-water habitats in Bocas del Toro during 2003 and 2004. The guide is designed to aid in identification of a selection of common macroscopic marine invertebrates in the field and includes 95 species of sponges, 43 corals, 35 gorgonians, 16 nem- erteans, 12 sipunculeans, 19 opisthobranchs, 23 echinoderms, and 32 tunicates. Species are included here on the basis on local abundance and the availability of adequate photographs. Taxonomic coverage of some groups such as tunicates and sponges is greater than 70% of species reported from the area, while coverage for some other groups is significantly less and many microscopic phyla are not included.
    [Show full text]
  • (Arenochalina), Biemna and Clathria
    marine drugs Review Chemistry and Biological Activities of the Marine Sponges of the Genera Mycale (Arenochalina), Biemna and Clathria Amr El-Demerdash 1,2,* ID , Mohamed A. Tammam 3,4, Atanas G. Atanasov 5,6 ID , John N. A. Hooper 7 ID , Ali Al-Mourabit 8 and Anake Kijjoa 9,* ID 1 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN, CP 54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France 2 Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt 3 Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece; [email protected] 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt 5 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 6 Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland 7 Queensland Museum, Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia; [email protected] 8 ICSN—Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; [email protected] 9 ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar & CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal *
    [Show full text]
  • Sponges on Coral Reefs: a Community Shaped by Competitive Cooperation
    Boll. Mus. Ist. Biol. Univ. Genova, 68: 85-148, 2003 (2004) 85 SPONGES ON CORAL REEFS: A COMMUNITY SHAPED BY COMPETITIVE COOPERATION KLAUS RÜTZLER Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560-0163, USA E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Conservationists and resource managers throughout the world continue to overlook the important role of sponges in reef ecology. This neglect persists for three primary reasons: sponges remain an enigmatic group, because they are difficult to identify and to maintain under laboratory conditions; the few scientists working with the group are highly specialized and have not yet produced authoritative, well-illustrated field manuals for large geographic areas; even studies at particular sites have yet to reach comprehensive levels. Sponges are complex benthic sessile invertebrates that are intimately associated with other animals and numerous plants and microbes. They are specialized filter feeders, require solid substrate to flourish, and have varying growth forms (encrusting to branching erect), which allow single specimens to make multiple contacts with their substrate. Coral reefs and associated communities offer an abundance of suitable substrates, ranging from coral rock to mangrove stilt roots. Owing to their high diversity, large biomass, complex physiology and chemistry, and long evolutionary history, sponges (and their endo-symbionts) play a key role in a host of ecological processes: space competition, habitat provision, predation, chemical defense, primary production, nutrient cycling, nitrification, food chains, bioerosion, mineralization, and cementation. Although certain sponges appear to benefit from the rapid deterioration of coral reefs currently under way in numerous locations as a result of habitat destruction, pollution, water warming, and overexploitation, sponge communities too will die off as soon as their substrates disappear under the forces of bioerosion and water dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Sponges, Genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean Mangrove and Comments on Subgeneric Classification
    23 December 1998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 111(4):737-773. 1998. Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification Eduardo Hajdu and Klaus Riitzler (EH) Institute of Systematics and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766 1090-GT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Present address: Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, sin 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ; and Centro de Biologia Matinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Sp' Brazil; (KR) Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. Abstract.-Eight species of Mycale Gray (Mycalidae, Poecilosclerida, De­ mospongiae) are described from marine mangroves on the barrier reef of Be­ lize, Central American Caribbean. Two are new: Mycale (Aegogropila?) car­ migropila and M. (Ae.) citrina. Other species found are M. (Ae.) amdti, M. (Arenochalina) laxissima, M. (Carmia) magnirhaphidijera, M. (C.) microsig­ matosa, M. (Mycale) laevis and M. (Paresperella) sp. A key to the 17 recog­ nized Caribbean species of Mycale is provided. Ectosomal skeletal patterns currently used as diagnostic characters for subgenera of Mycale may be inad­ equate for phylogenetic analysis, but reliable alternative congruent traits have not yet been identified to replace these. More than 150 species of Mycale Gray have strengthened the need for a better as­ have been described worldwide (Doumenc sessment of the genus' biodiversity, for a & Levi 1987), with representatives in most stable system of classification, and for bet­ marine habitats. They are common in both ter descriptions to differentiate between al­ polar and tropical seas, and have been re­ lopatric sibling species.
    [Show full text]
  • Friend Or Foe? No Evidence That Association with the Sponge Mycale Laevis Provides a Benefit to Corals of the Genus Montastraea
    Vol. 465: 111–117, 2012 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published September 28 doi: 10.3354/meps09904 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Friend or foe? No evidence that association with the sponge Mycale laevis provides a benefit to corals of the genus Montastraea Tse-Lynn Loh, Joseph R. Pawlik* Center for Marine Science and Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, USA ABSTRACT: Competition for space is intense among sessile benthic organisms on coral reefs. Despite this, the commonly observed interaction between the sponge Mycale laevis and sclerac- tinian corals has been considered a mutualism in which the sponge gains substratum for growth on the undersides of coral colonies, and corals receive protection from boring sponges as well as increased food supply from the exhalant water of surrounding sponge oscules. In previous studies, we demonstrated that M. laevis is chemically undefended from predators and gains a refuge from sponge-eating fishes by growing among the branches and plates of hard corals. In this study, we investigated the putative benefits of the sponge to the coral host in the presence and absence of spongivores. Specifically, we examined whether the sponge reduced infestation of the coral skele- ton by boring sponges, whether corals associated with sponges had higher reproductive output reflecting enhanced food availability and whether the boundary between the 2 species was stable over time. Regardless of the presence of spongivores, association with M. laevis neither affected the frequency of colonization of Montastraea annularis by boring sponges, nor increased repro- ductive output of Montastraea franksi.
    [Show full text]
  • Life-History Traits of a Common Caribbean Coral-Excavating Sponge, Cliona Tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida) Manuel González-Riveroa,B,G*, Alexander V
    Journal of Natural History, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.802042 Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida) Manuel González-Riveroa,b,g*, Alexander V. Ereskovskyc , Christine H. L. Schönbergd , Renata Ferrarie,g, Jane Fromonte and Peter J. Mumbyb,g aCoral Reefs Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland. St Lucia campus, Brisbane. Qld 4072. Australia; bCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; cInstitut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; dAustralian Institute of Marine Science, Oceans Institute at The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; eCoastal & Marine Ecology Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; fWestern Australian Museum, Welshpool, Australia; gMarine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland. St Lucia Campus, Brisbane. Qld 4072. Australia (Received 3 June 2012; final version received 15 April 2013) Clionaids are important competitors and bio-eroding agents on coral reefs; how- ever, little is known of their biology. We studied aspects of life history of Cliona tenuis, in particular its sexual reproduction and growth. Temporal variations in these traits were studied over a year, in correlation with water temperature as a proxy for seasonality. Growth and sexual reproduction occurred at separate times and followed intra-annual variations in temperature. Growth increased during the warmest months of the year, reaching an average rate of 29.9 ± 6.7 mm dur- ing 286 days. Cliona tenuis is oviparous, and the results suggest gonochorism.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of the Genus Mycale from Ieodo Ocean Research Station, Korea
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 35, No. 4: 200-203, October 2019 https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2019.35.4.027 Short communication New Species of the Genus Mycale from Ieodo Ocean Research Station, Korea Dong Won Kang, Sang-Hui Lee, Hyung June Kim* National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea ABSTRACT A new marine sponges, Mycale (Carmia) ieoensis n. sp., of the family Mycalidae was collected SCUBA diving in June 2017 from Ieodo Ocean Research Station, Korea. M. (C.) ieoensis n. sp. is encrusting to irregular massive type, yellow in life. This new species is similar to M. nullarosette Hoshino, 1981 in color and growth form but it differs in spicule size and sigma shape. Spicule size of M. (C.) ieoensis n. sp. smaller than that M. nullarosette. Also, M. (C.) ieoensis n. sp. has two size toxa, but M. nullarosette is not. The new species are compared to other Mycale species from the Korean region, and similar species from elsewhere. Keywords: ‌new sponge, Mycalidae, Mycale, Korea INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905 (Demosongiae: Poe- The sponges were collected from Ieodo Ocean Research Sta- cilosclerida) is restricted to taxa with the combination of tion (Fig. 1), Korea by SCUBA diving at 20-25 m deep at palmate anisochelae and tangential surface skeleton. Mycale June 2017. Specimens were fixed in 95% or 99.9% ethanol. species occur in all sea regions of the globe, in most habitats Spicules were observed under light microscope (Axioskop II, and in a considerable depth range from intertidal to abyssal Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).
    [Show full text]
  • Scs18-23 WG-ESA Report 2018
    Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No N6900 NAFO SCS Doc. 18/23 SC WORKING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE AND ASSESSMENT – NOVEMBER 2018 Report of the 11th Meeting of the NAFO Scientific Council Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Assessment (WG-ESA) NAFO Headquarters, Dartmouth, Canada 13 - 22 November 2018 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Theme 1: spatial considerations................................................................................................................................................................4 1.1. Update on VME indicator species data and distribution .............................................................................4 1.2 Progress on implementation of workplan for reassessment of VME fishery closures. .................9 1.3. Discussion on updating Kernel Density Analysis and SDM’s .....................................................................9 1.4. Update on the Research Activities related to EU-funded Horizon 2020 ATLAS Project ...............9 1.5. Non-sponge and non-coral VMEs (e.g. bryozoan and sea squirts). ..................................................... 14 1.6 Ecological diversity mapping and interactions with fishing on the Flemish Cap .......................... 14 1.7 Sponge removal by bottom trawling in the Flemish Cap area: implications for ecosystem functioning ...................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Arenochalina), Biemna and Clathria
    marine drugs Review Chemistry and Biological Activities of the Marine Sponges of the Genera Mycale (Arenochalina), Biemna and Clathria Amr El-Demerdash 1,2,* ID , Mohamed A. Tammam 3,4, Atanas G. Atanasov 5,6 ID , John N. A. Hooper 7 ID , Ali Al-Mourabit 8 and Anake Kijjoa 9,* ID 1 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN, CP 54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France 2 Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt 3 Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece; [email protected] 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt 5 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 6 Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland 7 Queensland Museum, Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia; [email protected] 8 ICSN—Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; [email protected] 9 ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar & CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal *
    [Show full text]