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WOOD¥ PLANTS in Ilihli SF;CREST ARBORETUM RESEARCH CIRCU LAR 139 ( R~vised) MA y 1975 PERFORMANCE: REC(:) S Of- WOOD¥ PLANTS IN iliHli SF;CREST ARBORETUM I.. t:ieath ~amily: Ericaceae JOHN E. FORD OMIO AGRICl!Jltl!JR1'1l RES ARC AND DEVEtOPMENTr CEN11ER WOOSTER, OHIO A rn -< ~ )> -c --t 0 n 0 ~ -c )> A' --t ~ rn z --t (/) z (/) rn n A' rn (/) --t )> A' O' 0 A' rn --t c ~ PERFORMANCE RECORDS OF WOODY PLANTS IN THE SECREST ARBORETUM II. Heath Family: Ericaceae JOHN E. FORD Curator, Secrest Arboretum There are presently more than 2,000 different Size of plant can also have a bearing on survival. species, varieties, hybrids, or cultivars of woody plants Rhododendrons of the same clone were set side by side growing in the Secrest Arboretum. These represent in the nursery and were outplanted in the Arboretum. more than 200 genera distributed in some 68 famil~es. Many plants less than 1 foot high were either killed More than 1200 individual ericaceous plants have or partially killed the first winter, while adjacent been outplanted, with some 500 plants still in the larger plants 1 to 2 feet tall showed no signs of winter propagation facilities. There are 225 different types Injury . Established plants will often survive climatic of ericaceous plants currently growing in the Arbo­ extremes, while recently planted shrubs may be killed. retum. Survival rate of rhododendrons planted on the Although the first plantings of trees in the area south and west sides of buildings has not been as high which became the Secrest Arboretum were made in as the same cultivars set on the north and east sides 1901 and 1903, the first rhododendron was not set of buildings. Wind is of ten an important factor. out until 1917 when a couple of hundred Rosebay Many ericaceous plants set out on windy sites haven't Rhododendrons (Rhododendron maximum) were un­ survived or have not grown as well as the same kinds derplanted in forest plantations. of plants on sites protected from severe winds. This The majority of the plantings in the Arboretum can sometimes be noticeable at the corners of build­ have been set out on a 12-foot by 12-foot sp.acing. ings. One north foundation planting of the azalea Many rhododendrons have been planted in beds on 'Fireball' has plants at the northeast and northwest a 5-foot or 6-foot spacing. Rhododendrons and com­ corners of the building only half the height after 4 panion plants in the Rhododendron Display Garden years as the plants growing near the middle of. the (Compartment J) are set out following a landscape building where there was less exposure. plan so the distance between these plants will be vari­ Many plants require two or three growing sea­ able. As plants mature and need additional growing sons to reestablish themselves after transplanting. space, adjacent plants are removed. Plants in the This is especially true with many rhododendron culti­ Arboretum are pruned when they are set out, but no vars. Some recently planted shrubs presently rated additional pruning is done except to remove dead, as being in fair condition would undoubtedly receive broken, or disease-infected branches. Spent flower a rating of good condition in another year or two. trusses are dead-headed or removed from rhododen­ drons; otherwise, plants are allowed to grow into their natural shape. Proper interpretation of the records is essential. Plants which succeed or fail in the Arboretum might do differently in other situations or locations. Growth hinges largely on the basic factors of habitat and mi­ croclimate. Thus, local environmental conditions are most significant. The loss of a plant may be due to a number of factors. Many rhododendrons have been killed during the winter when they are on sites excessively wet, poorly drained, or exposed to the wind. The same cultivars on well-drained sites protected from the wind came through the winters in perfect condition. Some rhododendrons were planted on sites which appeared Rhododendrons 'Nova Zembla' and 'King Tut' pro­ to be well drained. They grew until 1972, when a tected from severe winter winds with snowfence and wet year left these sites in a wet condition. Rhododen­ plastic sheeting. Few rhododendrons are planted or drons and Pieris in these areas deteriorated rapidly. c:an survive such exposed locations, -1- ENVIRONMENT siderable killing of leaves and branches. Many of The Secrest Arboretum contains more than 75 the newer hybrid rhododendrons had most or all of acres of diversified terrain ' 'rangi~g from. areas fairly their flower buds killed. The Ironclad Rhododen­ level to areas with considerable slope. Aspect, mois­ drons and Rosebay Rhododendron (Rhododendron ture, and related site conditions are considerably var­ maximum) suffered no damage to their flower buds ied. Elevations are from 1,000 to 1, 100 feet above and later had excellent bloom. In general, all ever­ sea level. The predominant soil type is Wooster silt green azaleas had their flower buds completely killed, loam which was derived from glacial till. The soil while the deciduous azaleas suffered no damage. is moderately acid, which is quite suitable for most PLANT DESCRIPTIONS ericaceous plants. The mean annual precipitation is ' 37 inches .. · Plants are listed alphabetically by genera and Extremes of temperature have varied from species. Common and botanical nomenclature fol­ - 24° F. in 1912 to 105° F. in 1918. The Arboretum lows Rhododendron Information ( 1 ) , Standardized is located iri Plant Hardiness Zone 5, where annual Plant Nam es ( 2) , Rhododendrons of the World ( 3 ) , minimum temperatures average between - 20° F. and Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs ( 4 ) . and -10° F. The coldest most recent temperature No one reference contains all plants listed. was - 20° F. in 1963. Extremely fluctuating tem­ A number of symbols and abbreviations have peratures in January a'nd February 1972 caused a been used to describe the history and present status · considerable amount of damage to plants in the Ar­ of each plant. boretum. There were several periods when January Source: The letter S and numeral following thaws with temperatures between 40° F. and 50° F. the name of a listed plant is the source wher·e were followed within a week's time with temperatures plants were obtained. See Source List on falling lo zero or below. The most extreme fluctua­ page 44. tion came in January 1972, when a maximum tem­ Loca.tion: The second letter and numeral fol­ perature of 60° F. was followed 3 days later by a lowing the name of a listed plant is the plot minimum temperature of - 12° F. Many· small location or compartment where the plant was rhododendrons were killed outright or suffered con- set out. A through T-see map inside front cover. O~other plantings. Includes ornamenta}s on campus and around buildings at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Cen­ ter. Number of Plants Set Out: The numeral in parentheses following plot location is the num­ ber of plants set out. Year Planted: The year the plants were set out follows the number of plants set. Status: (-)-Indicates a plant is in poor condition. ( +)- Indicates a plant is in fair or average condition. ( + + )-Indicates a plant is in good or above average condition. '- Indicates present height of plant in .feet. " - Indicates present height of plant in inches. ( 1 )-Numeral in parentheses indicates num- ber of plants remaining. 1973- Year indicates when observation was made. F- Failed due to: F c-local climatic extremes F cl-diseases Fi- insects The long clustered dry seed cap·sules of Drooping Leu­ cothoe (Leucothoe cafesbaei) are as conspicuous in the Fm- mechanical injury (mowed off, brok­ winter a s the flowers are in the spring. en off by vehicle, etc.) -2- Fp-planting (too small, wrong season, The Secrest Arboretum is one of the official Rho­ etc.) dodendron Display Gardens and Test Centers co­ Fs-site (unfavorable site factors) operating with the Great Lakes Chapter of The Fw-wind, snow or ice breakage American Rhododendron Society. The Rhododen­ NP-Not present. dron Display Garden (Compartment J) was started Re-Removed to develop Arboretum or for in 1966. More than 155 different types of rhododen­ other reasons. drons and azalea<; have been set in this area. Even­ Ts-Transplanted. tually there will be 7 acres included in this garden. V-Volunteers (usually indigenous) growing The Rhododendron Test Garden (Plot Bl2) was in Arboretum. started in 1968. To date, 80 different plants have All ericaceous plants have been planted on sites been set in the Test Garden for intensive evaluation. which are well drained and protected from winds un­ less otherwise noted. Although the early plantings of Rosebay Rho­ dodendron were successfully grown in natural set­ Example of meaning of lettering and symbols following a plant name: tings, attempts to grow some of the newer hybrid S38. H2. (4)1953,12". (1)1968. Ts 1970 BS rhododendrons in natural looking plantings were not (+)4'(1)1973 too successful. In many cases these hybrids could not successfully compete with other vegetation and Plants obtained OARDC, Secrest Arboretum. were crowded out. A number of rhododendrons were Four plants 12 inches high set out in Plot H2 in 1953. smothered out by ferns, especially Sensitive Fern (Ono­ One plant remaining when checked in 1968. Trans­ clea sensibilis). Sensitive Fern in the Rhododendron planted in 1970 to Plot B5. Plant in fair condition, Display Garden is very aggressive. Hybrid rhododen­ 4 feet tall, and one plant in place when checked in drons set out in beds where all competing vegetation 1973. was kept weeded out have made much better growth. HEATH FAMILY: ERICACEAE Depth of roots is very important in planting rho­ Eleven different genera of heaths have been set dodendrons.
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