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Evaluation of Fernald Draft ADVISORY BOARD ON RADIATION AND WORKER HEALTH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Review of the General Steel Industries Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) Petition-00105 and the NIOSH SEC Petition Evaluation Report Contract No. 200-2009-28555 SCA-SEC-TASK5-0005 Prepared by S. Cohen & Associates 1608 Spring Hill Road, Suite 400 Vienna, Virginia 22182 July 2009 [Redacted version – October 2, 2009] Disclaimer This document is made available in accordance with the unanimous desire of the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (ABRWH) to maintain all possible openness in its deliberations. However, the ABRWH and its contractor, SC&A, caution the reader that at the time of its release, this report is pre-decisional and has not been reviewed by the Board for factual accuracy or applicability within the requirements of 42 CFR 82. This implies that once reviewed by the ABRWH, the Board’s position may differ from the report’s conclusions. Thus, the reader should be cautioned that this report is for information only and that premature interpretations regarding its conclusions are unwarranted. Effective Date: Revision No.: Document No.: Page No.: July 24, 2009 0 SCA-SEC-TASK5-0005 Page 2 of 50 S. COHEN & ASSOCIATES: Document No. SCA-SEC-TASK5-0005 Technical Support for the Advisory Board on Effective Date: Radiation & Worker Health Review of July 24, 2009 – Draft NIOSH Dose Reconstruction Program Redacted version – October 2, 2009 Revision No. 0 Review of the General Steel Industries Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) Petition-00105 and the Page 2 of 51 NIOSH SEC Petition Evaluation Report Supersedes: Task Manager: N/A ________________________ Date: ___________ Robert Anigstein, PhD Project Manager: ________________________ Date: ___________ John Mauro, PhD, CHP Effective Date: Revision No.: Document No.: Page No.: July 24, 2009 0 SCA-SEC-TASK5-0005 Page 3 of 50 CONTENTS Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................7 Findings................................................................................................................................7 References for Executive Summary...................................................................................11 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................12 1.1 Scope......................................................................................................................12 1.2 Technical Approach and Review Criteria..............................................................12 2.0 Background........................................................................................................................14 3.0 Review of SEC Petition .....................................................................................................17 4.0 Audits of Dose Reconstructions.........................................................................................21 4.1 Case [A] .................................................................................................................21 4.1.1 Occupational External Dose ......................................................................21 4.1.2 Occupational Medical Dose.......................................................................22 4.1.3 Occupational Internal Dose........................................................................22 4.2 Case [B] .................................................................................................................23 4.2.1 Occupational External Dose ......................................................................24 4.2.2 Occupational Medical Dose.......................................................................24 4.2.3 Occupational Internal Dose........................................................................25 5.0 Review of Evaluation Report (ER)....................................................................................26 5.1 Section 3.1: Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis .............................26 5.2 Section 3.2: Class Evaluated by NIOSH...............................................................26 5.3 Section 4.3: Facility Employees and Experts .......................................................26 5.4 Section 5.0: Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ...................................................................................................................26 5.5 Section 5.1: General Steel Industries Plant and Process Descriptions..................27 5.6 Section 5.2.2: External Radiological Exposure Sources from General Steel Operations..............................................................................................................27 5.7 Section 5.2.2.1: Photon .........................................................................................28 5.8 Section 5.2.2.2: Beta .............................................................................................28 5.9 Section 5.2.2.3: Neutron .......................................................................................28 5.10 Section 5.2.3: Incidents.........................................................................................28 5.11 Section 5.2.4: Residual Radioactivity Period at the General Steel Industries Site .........................................................................................................................29 5.12 Section 6.2: Available General Steel Industries External Monitoring Data .........30 5.13 Section 7.1.2: External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review..................................31 5.14 Section 7.2.1: Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related Internal Doses..............31 5.15 Section 7.2.3: Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at General Steel..................32 5.16 Section 7.2.3.2: Methods for Bounding Residual Period Internal Dose...............32 5.17 Section 7.2.4: Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion ...................32 5.18 Section 7.3.1: Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related External Doses.............32 5.19 Section 7.3.3: General Steel Occupational X-Ray Examinations.........................35 5.20 Section 7.3.4.1: Methods for Bounding Operational Period External Dose.........35 5.21 Section 7.3.5: External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion ..................36 NOTICE: This report has been reviewed for Privacy Act information and has been cleared for distribution. However, this report is pre-decisional and has not been reviewed by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health for factual accuracy or applicability within the requirements of 42 CFR 82. Effective Date: Revision No.: Document No.: Page No.: July 24, 2009 0 SCA-SEC-TASK5-0005 Page 4 of 50 CONTENTS 5.22 Section 7.4.1: Lack of Monitoring Data ...............................................................36 5.23 Section 7.4.2: Underestimated External Dose Modeling......................................37 5.24 Section 7.6: Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00105...............37 5.25 Section 9.0: Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00105........................................37 6.0 Findings..............................................................................................................................39 References......................................................................................................................................44 Attachment 1: Report of Interview with [GSI petitioner].............................................................47 Attachment 2: Interview with [Worker D]....................................................................................48 Attachment 3: Interview with [Worker B]....................................................................................50 NOTICE: This report has been reviewed for Privacy Act information and has been cleared for distribution. However, this report is pre-decisional and has not been reviewed by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health for factual accuracy or applicability within the requirements of 42 CFR 82. Effective Date: Revision No.: Document No.: Page No.: July 24, 2009 0 SCA-SEC-TASK5-0005 Page 5 of 50 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AEC Atomic Energy Commission AMAD activity median aerodynamic diameter AWE Atomic Weapons Employer CATI Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview CFR Code of Federal Regulations Ci curie: unit of activity DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOL U.S. Department of Labor DR dose reconstruction EEOICPA Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000 EML Environmental Measurements Laboratory ER (SEC Petition) Evaluation Report FOIA Freedom of Information Act FR Federal Register FUSRAP Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program GSI General Steel Industries HY High Yield (steel) ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection IMBA Integrated Modules for Modular Bioassay Analysis IREP Interactive RadioEpidemiological Program MCNP Monte Carlo Nuclear Particle: a family of radiation transport computer codes developed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory NARA National Archives and Records Administration NOTICE: This report has been reviewed for Privacy Act information and has been cleared for distribution. However, this report is pre-decisional and has not been reviewed by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health for factual accuracy or applicability within
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